CN105541074B - Handle the method and system of discarded object - Google Patents
Handle the method and system of discarded object Download PDFInfo
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- CN105541074B CN105541074B CN201510918798.2A CN201510918798A CN105541074B CN 105541074 B CN105541074 B CN 105541074B CN 201510918798 A CN201510918798 A CN 201510918798A CN 105541074 B CN105541074 B CN 105541074B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 claims description 11
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- 235000016425 Arthrospira platensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 claims description 11
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- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 235000010254 Jasminum officinale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000005385 Jasminum sambac Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000007641 Trefoil Factors Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015724 Trifolium pratense Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000267823 Hydrangea macrophylla Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014486 Hydrangea macrophylla Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
- C05F3/04—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure from human faecal masses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method and system for handling discarded object, the discarded object includes at least one of excrement and kitchen waste, the described method includes:(1) discarded object is subjected to solid-liquid separation treatment, obtains solid waste and liquid debris;(2) solid waste is carried out using composite bacteria agent and oxygen is handled 12 17 days, obtain organic fertilizer;(3) biological decomposition is carried out 12 17 days to the liquid debris using microalgae, obtains pretreated water.This method can realize it is continuous, the poisonous and harmful gas such as inflammable and explosive will not be produced effectively to the recycling treatment of excrement or/and kitchen waste, and in processing procedure, while can greatly reduce processing cost and energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a method and a system for treating wastes.
Background
The degree of civilization in a country is very visible from its toilet culture. Toilets play an important role in human daily life, receiving and treating most of the excrement generated by human daily physiological activities, and after being discharged into urban sewers, these excrement become the main source of pollutants in domestic sewage.
The most common toilet used today is the flush toilet. In the areas with sound urban infrastructure, human excrement is conveyed to a sewage treatment plant for decomposition treatment through a way from a toilet to a municipal sewage, and the water consumption in the process is very large. Especially in water-deficient areas, the water supply and drainage pipe network is not developed, the sewage treatment is inconvenient, and the environmental pollution is easy to cause. In areas without water shortage, the population density is large, and the load of sewage treatment plants is overlarge. Therefore, the common water flush toilet only brings sanitary civilization, and leaves environmental problems to the outside and subsequent processes. Furthermore, in areas where the sewage system is incomplete or where secondary transport of toilet-collected manure is not possible at all, the problem of contamination by human-self manure is often more alarming, for example, open-air defecation causes many infectious diseases including cholera and diarrhea, and this is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age. In the society advocating "environmental protection", "green" and "sustainable development" at present, the environmental protection lavatory has just been produced. The environment-friendly toilet is a toilet which does not pollute the environment, can fully utilize various resources and emphasizes the concept and function of pollutant self-purification and resource recycling. It can meet the sanitary civilization requirement in the toilet and can also concern the environmental civilization requirement outside the toilet. From different viewpoints, different types of environment-friendly toilets such as microbial anaerobic digestion, physical purification, water recycling, manure packaging, electrochemical degradation and the like have appeared in the society at present, but from the viewpoints of energy conservation, sanitation, safety, cost and the like, the environment-friendly toilets are still difficult to meet the requirements, and a new challenge is provided for the development of the market of the environment-friendly toilets.
Kitchen waste including leftover, leaf, stalk, etc. is crushed into powder and discharged via sewer, and this solves the problem of kitchen waste accumulation, but the waste powder must be washed away with great amount of water, and this will increase the consumption of tap water and water consumption. And the waste is mixed in water and discharged, in the past, particularly, the sewage is easily deposited in a pipeline after entering a transverse pipe, so that the sewer is blocked, and meanwhile, the cooking mode in China can generate a large amount of grease, can be attached to the inner wall of the pipeline, is more prone to insect generation and blockage, so that the difficulty, energy consumption and cost of treatment can be increased. In addition, the crushing process inevitably causes noise pollution and electric energy consumption.
Therefore, the existing technology for treating kitchen waste and/or manure needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a method and a system for treating waste, which can realize continuous and effective resource treatment of excrement and/or kitchen waste and greatly reduce treatment cost and energy consumption.
In one aspect of the invention, a method of treating waste is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the waste comprises at least one of manure and kitchen waste, the method comprising:
(1) carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the waste to obtain solid waste and liquid waste;
(2) carrying out facultative treatment on the solid waste for 12-17 days by adopting a composite microbial inoculum to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(3) and carrying out biological decomposition on the liquid waste for 12-17 days by using microalgae to obtain pretreated water.
Therefore, the method for treating the waste can realize continuous and effective resource treatment of the excrement and/or the kitchen waste, does not generate toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive gases and the like in the treatment process, and can greatly reduce the treatment cost and energy consumption.
In addition, the method for treating waste according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, the complex microbial inoculum is prepared by compounding saccharomyces cerevisiae, streptococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and high-temperature actinomycetes. This can significantly improve the decomposition efficiency of the solid waste.
In some embodiments of the invention, the complex microbial inoculum is prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae, streptococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and high-temperature actinomycetes according to the microbial ratio of (2-5): (1-3): (5-8): 1 is prepared by compounding. This can further improve the decomposition efficiency of the solid waste.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the composite microbial inoculum to the solid waste is 0.1-0.5%. This can further improve the decomposition efficiency of the solid waste.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the step (2), the temperature of the solid waste treated by the composite microbial inoculum is not more than 60 ℃; the humidity does not exceed 85% RH. This can further improve the decomposition efficiency of the solid waste.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (3), the microalgae is at least one of chlorella, spirulina, scenedesmus, oscillatoria, and anabaena spirulina. Thereby, the chemical requirement of the liquid waste can be significantly reduced.
In some embodiments of the invention, the microalgae is prepared from chlorella, spirulina, scenedesmus in a ratio of cell number (1-3): 1: (2-3) compounding to prepare the mixed microalgae. This can further reduce the chemical demand of the liquid waste.
In some embodiments of the invention, the microalgae is dosed in the liquid waste at a density of (4-10) x 105cell/mL. Thereby, the conversion of liquid waste into liquid waste can be further reducedRequired amount for study.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method of treating waste further comprises: and (4) carrying out plant purification on the pretreated water obtained in the step (3) to obtain purified water. Thereby, the purification efficiency of the pretreated water can be remarkably improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the plant is at least one of pennisetum japonicum, scindapsus aureus, trefoil, and jasmine. Thereby, the purification efficiency of the pretreated water can be further improved.
In yet another aspect of the invention, a system for treating waste is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the waste comprises at least one of manure and kitchen waste, the system comprising:
a solid-liquid separation device adapted to perform solid-liquid separation treatment on the waste so as to obtain solid waste and liquid waste;
the facultative reaction device is connected with the solid-liquid separation device and is suitable for carrying out facultative treatment on the solid waste by adopting a composite microbial inoculum so as to obtain an organic fertilizer;
and the algae reaction device is connected with the solid-liquid separation device and is suitable for carrying out biological decomposition on the liquid waste by utilizing microalgae so as to reduce the chemical oxygen demand in the liquid waste and obtain the pretreated water.
Therefore, the system for treating the waste can realize continuous and effective resource treatment of excrement and/or kitchen waste, does not generate toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive gases in the treatment process, and can greatly reduce the treatment cost and energy consumption.
In some embodiments of the invention, the system for treating waste further comprises: a purification device connected to the algae reaction device and adapted to plant-purify the pretreated water obtained by the algae reaction device so as to obtain purified water.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of treating waste according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of treating waste according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system for treating waste according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a system for treating waste according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In one aspect of the invention, a method of treating waste is provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the waste is at least one selected from the group consisting of kitchen waste and feces. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: (1) carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the waste to obtain solid waste and liquid waste; (2) carrying out facultative treatment on the solid waste for 12-17 days by adopting a composite microbial inoculum to obtain an organic fertilizer; (3) and carrying out biological decomposition on the liquid waste for 12-17 days by using microalgae to obtain pretreated water. The inventor finds that solid-liquid separation treatment is carried out on wastes, then different biological decomposition technologies are respectively adopted to treat the solid-liquid wastes, the solid-liquid wastes can be respectively converted into valuable organic fertilizers and pretreatment water, so that resource treatment of the wastes can be realized, compared with the existing treatment technologies such as waterless packaging, foam plugging, anaerobic fermentation and the like, the process for treating the wastes does not cause secondary pollution, and gases such as stink, toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive gases and the like are not generated, and meanwhile, in the process for treating the excrement, the transportation link is not needed in the treatment process, so that the treatment cost and the energy consumption can be obviously reduced.
The method for treating waste according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 2. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises:
s100: performing solid-liquid separation treatment on the waste
According to the embodiment of the present invention, solid waste and liquid waste can be obtained by subjecting waste to solid-liquid separation treatment. Therefore, the solid-liquid separation of the waste can reduce the treatment difficulty and perform resource treatment on the solid-liquid waste respectively. It should be noted that, the skilled person can select the specific mode of solid-liquid separation according to the actual needs.
It is understood that the solid-liquid separation treatment may further include a filtering treatment step, in which, in particular, a filtering device filled with ceramsite is used for filtering treatment, so that solid waste and liquid waste can be obtained.
S200: solid waste is treated by adopting composite microbial inoculum
According to the embodiment of the invention, the solid waste obtained by separation can be subjected to facultative treatment for 12-17 days by adopting the composite microbial inoculum, so that the organic fertilizer can be obtained. Therefore, the solid waste obtained by separation is decomposed by adopting the biotechnology, and the solid waste can be converted into the organic fertilizer, so that the waste can be changed into valuable, the resource utilization of the solid waste is realized, and the treatment cost is low.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the adopted composite microbial inoculum can be prepared by compounding saccharomyces cerevisiae, streptococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and high-temperature actinomycetes, so that the defect of single aerobic or anaerobic fermentation is overcome, and the conversion efficiency of solid waste is improved. According to the specific example of the invention, the complex microbial inoculum is preferably prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae, streptococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and high-temperature actinomycetes according to the microbial ratio of (2-5): (1-3): (5-8): 1 is prepared by compounding, and the bacterium content of the bacterium powder is 109More than g; by screening dominant strains, mixing the dominant strains with solid waste according to the mass ratio of 0.1-0.5%, and carrying out facultative treatment. The inventor finds that the composite microbial inoculum can obviously improve the decomposition efficiency of solid wastes better than other types of microorganisms, thereby shortening the decomposition period and improving the yield of organic fertilizers.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the temperature conditions for treating the solid waste obtained by the separation with the composite bacterial agent in the step are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the temperature according to actual needs, and according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the temperature for treating the solid waste with the composite bacterial agent is not more than 60 ℃. The inventor finds that the temperature range can obviously improve the decomposition efficiency of the composite microbial inoculum on the solid waste, thereby further shortening the treatment period.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the humidity conditions for treating the solid waste obtained by the separation with the composite bacterial agent in the step are not particularly limited, and can be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, and according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the humidity for treating the solid waste with the composite bacterial agent does not exceed 85% RH. The inventor finds that the humidity range can obviously improve the decomposition efficiency of the composite microbial inoculum on the solid waste, thereby further shortening the treatment period. Specifically, it is possible to ensure that the humidity condition of the treatment is maintained at not more than 85% RH by filling the reactor with a filler having an adsorbing function such as sawdust or wood chips.
In the step, specifically, the temperature is maintained to be not more than 60 ℃ through a control system, then the solid waste obtained through separation is supplied to a reaction container, stirring is started, the reaction container rotates at the rotating speed of 2-5 rpm for 3-5 min, so that the solid waste, the filler and the composite microbial inoculum are uniformly mixed, the humidity is not more than 85% RH, and the solid waste can be converted into the organic fertilizer after 12-17 days.
S300: biological decomposition of liquid waste using microalgae
According to the embodiment of the invention, the liquid waste obtained by the method is subjected to biological decomposition for 12-17 days by using the microalgae, so that the chemical oxygen demand in the liquid waste can be reduced, and the pretreated water is obtained. The inventor finds that the liquid waste is biologically decomposed by adopting the microalgae, so that secondary pollution is avoided, and gases such as stink, toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive gases are not generated. Specifically, microalgae can be used for carrying out biological decomposition on the liquid waste under the action of sunlight or LED lamps, so that organic matters in the liquid waste can be obviously extracted.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the microalgae may be at least one selected from chlorella, spirulina, scenedesmus, oscillatoria, and anabaena spirulina. According to the inventionSpecifically, preferably, the microalgae is prepared from chlorella, spirulina and scenedesmus in a ratio of cell number (1-3): 1: (2-3) compounding to prepare the mixed microalgae. The inventor finds that the mixed microalgae can obviously improve the decomposition efficiency of organic matters in the liquid waste over other types, thereby obviously reducing the chemical oxygen demand of the liquid waste while shortening the decomposition period. Specifically, the adding density of the mixed microalgae in the liquid waste is preferably (4-10) × 105cell/mL。
According to the method for treating the wastes provided by the embodiment of the invention, the wastes are subjected to solid-liquid separation treatment, and then different biological decomposition technologies are respectively adopted to treat the solid-liquid wastes, so that the solid-liquid wastes can be respectively converted into valuable organic fertilizers and purified water, the wastes can be recycled, and compared with the existing treatment technologies such as waterless packaging, foam plugging, anaerobic fermentation and the like, the method for treating the wastes does not cause secondary pollution, does not generate gases such as stink, toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive gases and the like, and does not need a transportation link in the process of treating the excrement, so that the treatment cost and the energy consumption can be obviously reduced.
Referring to fig. 2, the method of treating waste according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes:
s400: plant purification of the pretreated water obtained in step S300
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pretreated water obtained in the above step S300 is subjected to plant purification, so that purified water can be obtained. Therefore, elements such as ammonia nitrogen and the like in the pretreated water can be obviously reduced through plant purification, and the chemical oxygen demand of the obtained purified water is lower than 50, so that the obtained purified water can be directly used for planting vegetables or culturing fish. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the plant may be at least one of pennisetum sinese, scindapsus aureus, trefoil, hydrangea, and jasmine. The inventor finds that the chemical oxygen demand of the pretreated water can be obviously reduced by the plants, so that the purity of the purified water can be obviously improved.
In a second aspect of the invention, a system for treating waste is provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the waste is at least one selected from the group consisting of kitchen waste and feces. According to an embodiment of the invention, the system comprises: a solid-liquid separation device adapted to perform solid-liquid separation treatment on the waste so as to obtain solid waste and liquid waste; the facultative reaction device is connected with the solid-liquid separation device and is suitable for carrying out facultative treatment on the solid waste by adopting a composite microbial inoculum so as to obtain an organic fertilizer; and the algae reaction device is connected with the solid-liquid separation device and is suitable for carrying out biological decomposition on the liquid waste by utilizing microalgae so as to reduce the chemical oxygen demand in the liquid waste and obtain the pretreated water. The inventor finds that solid-liquid separation treatment is carried out on wastes, then different biological decomposition technologies are respectively adopted to treat the solid-liquid wastes, the solid-liquid wastes can be respectively converted into valuable organic fertilizers and purified water, so that the resource treatment of the wastes can be realized, and compared with the existing treatment technologies such as waterless packaging, foam plugging, anaerobic fermentation and the like, the process for treating the wastes does not cause secondary pollution, and gases such as stink, toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive gases and the like are not generated. It should be noted that the features and advantages described above with respect to the method for treating waste are also applicable to the system for treating waste, and are not described in detail herein.
A system for treating waste according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 3 to 4. According to an embodiment of the invention, the system comprises: a solid-liquid separation device 100, a facultative reactor 200, and an algae reaction device 300.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the solid-liquid separation apparatus 100 is suitable for performing solid-liquid separation treatment on the waste, so that solid waste and liquid waste can be obtained. Therefore, the solid-liquid separation of the waste can reduce the treatment difficulty and perform resource treatment on the solid-liquid waste respectively. It should be noted that, the specific device for solid-liquid separation can be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs.
It is understood that the solid-liquid separation treatment may further include a filtering treatment step, in which, in particular, a filtering device filled with ceramsite is used for filtering treatment, so that solid waste and liquid waste can be obtained.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the facultative reactor 200 is connected with the solid-liquid separator 100, and is suitable for carrying out facultative treatment on the solid waste obtained by separation for 12-17 days by adopting the composite microbial inoculum, so that the organic fertilizer can be obtained. Therefore, the solid waste obtained by separation is decomposed by adopting the biotechnology, and the solid waste can be converted into the organic fertilizer, so that the waste can be changed into valuable, the resource utilization of the solid waste is realized, and the treatment cost is low.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the adopted composite microbial inoculum can be prepared by compounding saccharomyces cerevisiae, streptococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and high-temperature actinomycetes, so that the defect of single aerobic or anaerobic fermentation is overcome, and the conversion efficiency of solid waste is improved. According to the specific example of the invention, the complex microbial inoculum is preferably prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae, streptococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and high-temperature actinomycetes according to the microbial ratio of (2-5): (1-3): (5-8): 1 is prepared by compounding, and the bacterium content of the bacterium powder is 109More than g; by screening dominant strains, mixing the dominant strains with solid waste according to the mass ratio of 0.1-0.5%, and carrying out facultative treatment. The inventor finds that the composite microbial inoculum can obviously improve the decomposition efficiency of solid wastes better than other types of microorganisms, thereby shortening the decomposition period and improving the yield of organic fertilizers.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the temperature conditions for treating the solid waste obtained by the separation by using the composite microbial inoculum are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the temperature conditions according to actual needs, and according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the temperature for treating the solid waste by using the composite microbial inoculum is not more than 60 ℃. The inventor finds that the temperature range can obviously improve the decomposition efficiency of the composite microbial inoculum on the solid waste, thereby further shortening the treatment period.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the humidity condition for treating the solid waste obtained by the above separation by using the complex microbial inoculum is not particularly limited, and can be selected by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, and according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the humidity for treating the solid waste by using the complex microbial inoculum does not exceed 85% RH. The inventor finds that the humidity range can obviously improve the decomposition efficiency of the composite microbial inoculum on the solid waste, thereby further shortening the treatment period. Specifically, it is possible to ensure that the humidity condition of the treatment is maintained at not more than 85% RH by filling the reactor with a filler having an adsorbing function such as sawdust or wood chips.
Specifically, the temperature of the reactor is maintained to be not more than 60 ℃, then the solid waste obtained through separation is supplied to a reaction container, stirring is started to enable the reaction container to rotate at the rotating speed of 2-5 rpm for 3-5 min, so that the solid waste, the filler and the composite microbial inoculum are uniformly mixed, the humidity is not more than 85% RH, and the solid waste can be converted into the organic fertilizer after 12-17 days.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the algae reaction apparatus 400 is connected to the solid-liquid separation apparatus 100 and is adapted to perform the biological decomposition of the liquid waste obtained as described above using microalgae for 12 to 17 days, so that the chemical oxygen demand in the liquid waste can be reduced to obtain the pretreated water. The inventor finds that the liquid waste is biologically decomposed by adopting the microalgae, so that secondary pollution is avoided, and gases such as stink, toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive gases are not generated. Specifically, microalgae can be used for carrying out biological decomposition on the liquid waste under the action of sunlight or LED lamps, so that organic matters in the liquid waste can be obviously extracted.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the microalgae may be at least one selected from chlorella, spirulina, scenedesmus, oscillatoria, and anabaena spirulina. According to a specific example of the present invention, preferably, the microalgae is prepared by mixing chlorella, spirulina and scenedesmus in a ratio of cell number (1-3): 1: (2-3) compounding to prepare the mixed microalgae. The inventor finds that the mixed microalgae can obviously improve the decomposition efficiency of organic matters in the liquid waste over other types, thereby obviously reducing the chemical oxygen demand of the liquid waste while shortening the decomposition period. Specifically, the adding density of the mixed microalgae in the liquid waste is preferably (4-10) × 105cell/mL。
According to the system for treating the wastes provided by the embodiment of the invention, the solid-liquid separation treatment is carried out on the wastes, then the solid-liquid wastes are respectively treated by adopting different biological decomposition technologies, the solid-liquid wastes can be respectively converted into valuable organic fertilizer and purified water, so that the recycling treatment of the wastes can be realized, and compared with the existing treatment technologies such as waterless packaging, foam plugging, anaerobic fermentation and the like, the process for treating the wastes does not cause secondary pollution, and gases such as stink, toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive gases and the like are not generated, and meanwhile, in the process for treating the excrement, the transportation link is not required in the treatment process, so that the treatment cost and the energy consumption can be obviously reduced.
Referring to fig. 4, the system for treating waste according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes: a purification device 400.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the purification apparatus 400 is connected to the algae reaction apparatus 300 and is adapted to perform plant purification on the pretreated water obtained in the above-described algae reaction apparatus, so that purified water can be obtained. Therefore, elements such as ammonia nitrogen and the like in the pretreated water can be obviously reduced through plant purification, and the chemical oxygen demand of the obtained purified water is lower than 50, so that the obtained purified water can be directly used for planting vegetables or culturing fish. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the plant may be at least one of pennisetum sinese, scindapsus aureus, trefoil, hydrangea, and jasmine. The inventor finds that the chemical oxygen demand of the pretreated water can be obviously reduced by the plants, so that the purity of the purified water can be obviously improved.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting in any way.
Example 1
The system for treating wastes provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for treating excrement and comprises the following steps:
(1) in the solid-liquid separation device, the excrement is subjected to solid-liquid separation treatment so as to obtain solid waste and liquid waste; filtering the liquid waste to remove solid particles;
(2) in the facultative reaction device, carrying out facultative treatment on the solid waste for 12 days by adopting a composite microbial inoculum so as to obtain an organic fertilizer, and controlling the humidity not to exceed 85% RH and the temperature not to exceed 60 ℃ in the facultative reaction device;
(3) in the algae reaction device, carrying out biological decomposition on the liquid waste for 13 days by using microalgae to obtain pretreated water;
(4) and (4) in the purification device, carrying out plant purification on the pretreated water obtained in the step (3) for 10 days to obtain purified water.
In the facultative reaction device, the composite microbial inoculum is prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae, streptococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and high-temperature actinomycetes according to the bacteria number ratio of 2: 1: 5: 1 is prepared by compounding, and the bacterium content of the bacterium powder is 3.5 multiplied by 109Mixing the composite microbial inoculum and solid waste according to the mass ratio of 0.5%; in the algae reaction device, the microalgae is prepared by mixing chlorella, spirulina and scenedesmus according to the ratio of the number of cells of 1: 1: 2 mixed microalgae prepared by compounding, wherein the adding density of the mixed microalgae in the liquid waste is 5.1 multiplied by 105cell/mL。
Example 2
The system for treating wastes provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for treating excrement and comprises the following steps:
(1) in the solid-liquid separation device, the excrement is subjected to solid-liquid separation treatment so as to obtain solid waste and liquid waste; filtering the liquid waste to remove solid particles;
(2) in the facultative reaction device, carrying out facultative treatment on the solid waste for 17 days by adopting a composite microbial inoculum so as to obtain an organic fertilizer, and controlling the humidity not to exceed 85% RH and the temperature not to exceed 60 ℃ in the facultative reaction device;
(3) in the algae reaction device, carrying out biological decomposition on the liquid waste for 17 days by using microalgae to obtain pretreated water;
(4) and (4) in the purification device, carrying out plant purification on the pretreated water obtained in the step (3) for 10 days to obtain purified water.
In the facultative reaction device, the composite microbial inoculum is prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae, streptococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and high-temperature actinomycetes according to the microbial ratio of 5: 3: 8:1 is prepared by compounding, and the bacterium content of the bacterium powder is 1.2 multiplied by 109The composite microbial inoculum and solid waste are mixed according to the mass ratio of 0.1 percent, the humidity is not more than 85 percent RH, and the temperature is not more than 60 ℃; in the algae reaction device, the microalgae is prepared by mixing chlorella, spirulina and scenedesmus according to the cell number ratio of 2: 1: 3 mixed microalgae prepared by compounding, wherein the adding density of the mixed microalgae in the filtered liquid is 4.3 multiplied by 105cell/mL。
Example 3
The system for treating wastes provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for treating excrement and comprises the following steps:
(1) in the solid-liquid separation device, the excrement is subjected to solid-liquid separation treatment so as to obtain solid waste and liquid waste; filtering the liquid waste to remove solid particles;
(2) in the facultative reaction device, carrying out facultative treatment on the solid waste for 15 days by adopting a composite microbial inoculum so as to obtain an organic fertilizer, and controlling the humidity not to exceed 85% RH and the temperature not to exceed 60 ℃ in the facultative reaction device;
(3) in the algae reaction device, carrying out biological decomposition on the liquid waste for 12 days by using microalgae;
(4) and (4) in the purification device, performing plant purification on the liquid waste obtained in the step (3) for 20 days to obtain purified water.
Wherein, in the facultative reaction device, the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by compounding saccharomyces cerevisiae, streptococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and high-temperature actinomycetes according to the bacterial count ratio of 4:2:8:1, and the bacterial powder contains 3.8 multiplied by 109Mixing the composite microbial inoculum and solid waste according to the mass ratio of 0.3%; in the algae reaction device, the microalgae is prepared by mixing chlorella, spirulina and scenedesmus according to the cell number ratio of 3: 1: 3 mixed microalgae prepared by compounding, wherein the throwing density of the mixed microalgae in the liquid waste is preferably 9.7 x 105cell/mL。
Examples 1-3 results of testing each index of fecal management are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 fecal treatment results
The standard data in the table refer to 'water quality standard for domestic miscellaneous water', 'water quality standard for agricultural irrigation' and 'pollutant discharge standard for municipal wastewater treatment plants'.
And (4) conclusion: the system for treating wastes is adopted to treat the excrement, the worm egg death rate, the fecal coliform bacteria value and the seed germination index of the solid (organic fertilizer) obtained by the facultative reaction device all meet the organic fertilizer standard requirements, and the pH and the COD of the liquid obtained by the algae reaction device all meet the irrigation water discharge standard.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of processing waste, the waste comprising at least one of manure and kitchen waste, the method comprising:
(1) carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the waste to obtain solid waste and liquid waste;
(2) carrying out facultative treatment on the solid waste for 12-17 days by adopting a composite microbial inoculum to obtain an organic fertilizer;
(3) performing biological decomposition on the liquid waste by using microalgae for 12-17 days to obtain pretreated water,
wherein,
the composite microbial inoculum is prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae, streptococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and high-temperature actinomycetes according to the ratio of bacteria to bacteria (2-5): (1-3): (5-8): 1, compounding;
in the step (3), the microalgae is prepared from chlorella, spirulina and scenedesmus according to the cell number ratio (1-3): 1: (2-3) compounding to prepare mixed microalgae;
the putting density of the microalgae in the liquid waste is (4-10) multiplied by 105cell/mL。
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of the composite microbial inoculum to the solid waste is 0.1-0.5%.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the temperature of the solid waste treated by the composite microbial inoculum is not more than 60 ℃; the humidity does not exceed 85% RH.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: and (4) carrying out plant purification on the pretreated water obtained in the step (3) to obtain purified water.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the plant is at least one of pennisetum hydridum, scina aureus, trefoil, hydrangea macrophylla, and jasmine.
6. A system for processing waste, the waste including at least one of manure and kitchen waste, the system comprising:
a solid-liquid separation device adapted to perform solid-liquid separation treatment on the waste so as to obtain solid waste and liquid waste;
the facultative reaction device is connected with the solid-liquid separation device and is suitable for carrying out facultative treatment on the solid waste by adopting a composite microbial inoculum so as to obtain an organic fertilizer;
an algae reaction device connected with the solid-liquid separation device and adapted to perform biological decomposition of the liquid waste using microalgae so as to reduce chemical oxygen demand in the liquid waste to obtain pretreated water,
wherein,
the composite microbial inoculum is prepared from saccharomyces cerevisiae, streptococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and high-temperature actinomycetes according to the ratio of bacteria to bacteria (2-5): (1-3): (5-8): 1, compounding;
the microalgae is prepared from chlorella, spirulina and scenedesmus according to the cell number ratio (1-3): 1: (2-3) compounding to prepare mixed microalgae;
the putting density of the microalgae in the liquid waste is (4-10) multiplied by 105cell/mL。
7. The system of claim 6, further comprising: a purification device connected to the algae reaction device and adapted to plant-purify the pretreated water obtained by the algae reaction device so as to obtain purified water.
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