CN105537587B - 一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法 - Google Patents

一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法 Download PDF

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CN105537587B
CN105537587B CN201510967740.7A CN201510967740A CN105537587B CN 105537587 B CN105537587 B CN 105537587B CN 201510967740 A CN201510967740 A CN 201510967740A CN 105537587 B CN105537587 B CN 105537587B
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吴继华
张新华
闫庆军
何绍木
闫书恒
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法，包括以下步骤：镍基合金粉末进行混合形成所需3D打印用粉末；对3D打印机的激光功率选择200W，进行预热；混合好的粉末经过铺平辊压装置按厚度为30μm至40μm逐层送粉，辊压压力设定为20MPa至30MPa；将3D打印机的激光功率选择200W，扫描速度设定为400mm/s至500mm/s，进行选择性激光熔化，逐层烧结材料，生成零件成品；将零件成品进行三次加热保温制成最终成品。它通过材料成分中加入能进行晶须增韧的SiC粉末，提高成品的韧性,通过3D金属打印机的预热，然后进行三次加热保温可以有效的抑制选择性激光熔化过程中裂纹的产生。

Description

一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法
技术领域：
本发明涉及3D打印技术领域，更具体的说涉及一种消除镍基合金选择性激光熔化裂纹方法。
背景技术：
常规的加工方法如切削技术均是采用减少材料来获得零件结构和尺寸的方法，材料的利用率一般都在30％以下。近年来发展的3D打印技术，该方法的材料利用率最高可达90％，而且没有刀具的磨损消耗，是未来绿色制造的主要发展技术之一。目前应用最为广泛的3D打印技术主要有选择性激光熔化法(SLM)。采用选择性激光熔化法加工镍基合金零件的过程中，生的零件材料微观结构中经常出现微裂纹，裂纹的存在和发展会严重影响零件的强度、硬度和韧性。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法，它通过材料成分中加入能进行晶须增韧的SiC粉末，提高成品的韧性,通过3D金属打印机的预热，然后进行三次加热保温可以有效的抑制选择性激光熔化过程中裂纹的产生，有效地提高零件的强度和韧性。
本发明解决所述技术问题的方案是：
一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)、镍基合金粉末进行混合形成所需3D打印用粉末；
(2)、对3D打印机的激光功率选择200W，扫描速度设定为800mm/s至1000mm/s，进行预热；
(3)、步骤(1)中混合好的粉末经过铺平辊压装置按厚度为30μm至40μm逐层送粉，辊压压力设定为20MPa至30MPa；
(4)、将3D打印机的激光功率选择200W，扫描速度设定为400mm/s至500mm/s，进行选择性激光熔化，逐层烧结材料，生成零件成品；
(5)、选择性激光熔化过程完结后，吹走多余粉末，移除零件导热支撑架；
(6)、将步骤(5)中的零件成品进行三次加热保温制成最终成品。
所述步骤(1)中的镍基合金粉末颗粒的尺寸范围在15-40μm。
所述步骤(1)中的镍基合金的组分构成:(wt％)成分为：Cr:14；Fe:26；Mo:2.8；Nd:4.8；Ti:0.6；V：0.2；Al:0.2；C:0.02；SiC:3；其余为Ni；加入的SiC纯度为99％，颗粒尺寸小于5μm。
所述步骤(6)中的三次加热保温过程为：第一次，把零件放入加热炉加热至1180℃至1200℃，保温2至3小时，随炉冷却至室温；第二次为将第一次加热保温后的产品继续加热到980℃至1100℃，保温2至3小时，然后随炉冷却至室温；第三次为将第二次加热保温后的产品继续加热到780℃至900℃，保温8至10小时，空气冷却至室温。
所述步骤(2)中3D打印机的激光功率选择200W，扫描速度设定为800mm/s，进行预热。
所述步骤(3)中将步骤(1)中混合好的粉末经过铺平辊压装置按厚度为30μm逐层送粉，辊压压力设定为20MPa。
所述步骤(4)中将3D打印机的激光功率选择200W，扫描速度设定为400mm/s。
所述三次加热保温过程中，第一次是把零件放入加热炉加热至1180℃，保温2小时，随炉冷却至室温；第二次为将第一次加热保温后的产品继续加热到980℃，保温2小时，然后随炉冷却至室温；第三次为将第二次加热保温后的产品继续加热到780℃，保温8小时，空气冷却至室温。
本发明的突出效果是：
与现有技术相比，它通过材料成分中加入能进行晶须增韧的SiC粉末，提高成品的韧性,通过3D金属打印机的预热，然后进行三次加热保温可以有效的抑制选择性激光熔化过程中裂纹的产生，有效地提高零件的强度和韧性。
具体实施方式：
实施例1，一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)、镍基合金粉末进行混合形成所需3D打印用粉末；
(2)、对3D打印机的激光功率选择200W，扫描速度设定为1000mm/s，进行预热；
(3)、步骤(1)中混合好的粉末经过铺平辊压装置按厚度为40μm逐层送粉，辊压压力设定为30MPa；
(4)、将3D打印机的激光功率选择200W，扫描速度设定为500mm/s，进行选择性激光熔化，逐层烧结材料，生成零件成品；
(5)、选择性激光熔化过程完结后，吹走多余粉末，移除零件导热支撑架；
(6)、将步骤(5)中的零件成品进行三次加热保温制成最终成品。
所述步骤(1)中的镍基合金粉末颗粒的尺寸范围在15-40μm。
所述步骤(1)中的镍基合金的组分构成:(wt％)成分为：Cr:14；Fe:26；Mo:2.8；Nd:4.8；Ti:0.6；V：0.2；Al:0.2；C:0.02；SiC:3；其余为Ni；加入的SiC纯度为99％，颗粒尺寸小于5μm。
所述步骤(6)中的三次加热保温过程为：第一次，把零件放入加热炉加热至1200℃，保温3小时，随炉冷却至室温；第二次为将第一次加热保温后的产品继续加热到1100℃，保温3小时，然后随炉冷却至室温；第三次为将第二次加热保温后的产品继续加热到900℃，保温10小时，空气冷却至室温。
实施例2：一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)、镍基合金粉末进行混合形成所需3D打印用粉末；
(2)、对3D打印机的激光功率选择200W，扫描速度设定为800mm/s，进行预热；
(3)、步骤(1)中混合好的粉末经过铺平辊压装置按厚度为30μm逐层送粉，辊压压力设定为20MPa；
(4)、将3D打印机的激光功率选择200W，扫描速度设定为400mm/s，进行选择性激光熔化，逐层烧结材料，生成零件成品；
(5)、选择性激光熔化过程完结后，吹走多余粉末，移除零件导热支撑架；
(6)、将步骤(5)中的零件成品进行三次加热保温制成最终成品。
所述步骤(6)中的三次加热保温过程为：第一次，把零件放入加热炉加热至1180℃，保温2小时，随炉冷却至室温；第二次为将第一次加热保温后的产品继续加热到980℃，保温2小时，然后随炉冷却至室温；第三次为将第二次加热保温后的产品继续加热到780℃，保温8小时，空气冷却至室温。
其余同实施例1。
以上实施例中，经过实施后以实施例2为优选。
本原理是通过对3D打印机进行预热，从而保证后续进行3D打印时熔化和和烧结时更加均匀，防止产生裂纹，同时，在将完成的产品进行三次加热保温(即三次加热强效均匀化)，使得产品的外表和内部受热均匀，从而将一些具有裂纹处进行融合，从而消除裂纹的产生，其效果高，大大提高成品率和产品的强度。而且它通过材料成分中加入能进行晶须增韧的SiC粉末，提高成品的韧性,
最后，以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而并非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以做出各种变化和变型，因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的范畴，本发明的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。

Claims (7)

1.一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)、镍基合金粉末进行混合形成所需3D打印用粉末；
(2)、对3D打印机的激光功率选择200W，扫描速度设定为800mm/s至1000mm/s，进行预热；
(3)、步骤(1)中混合好的粉末经过铺平辊压装置按厚度为30μm至40μm逐层送粉，辊压压力设定为20MPa至30MPa；
(4)、将3D打印机的激光功率选择200W，扫描速度设定为400mm/s至500mm/s，进行选择性激光熔化，逐层烧结材料，生成零件成品；
(5)、选择性激光熔化过程完结后，吹走多余粉末，移除零件导热支撑架；
(6)、将步骤(5)中的零件成品进行三次加热保温制成最终成品；
所述步骤(6)中的三次加热保温过程为：第一次，把零件放入加热炉加热至1180℃至1200℃，保温2至3小时，随炉冷却至室温；第二次为将第一次加热保温后的产品继续加热到980℃至1100℃，保温2至3小时，然后随炉冷却至室温；第三次为将第二次加热保温后的产品继续加热到780℃至900℃，保温8至10小时，空气冷却至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中的镍基合金粉末颗粒的尺寸范围在15-40μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中的镍基合金的组分构成:(wt％)成分为：Cr:14；Fe:26；Mo:2.8；Nd:4.8；Ti:0.6；V：0.2；Al:0.2；C:0.02；SiC:3；其余为Ni；加入的SiC纯度为99％，颗粒尺寸小于5μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中3D打印机的激光功率选择200W，扫描速度设定为800mm/s，进行预热。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中将步骤(1)中混合好的粉末经过铺平辊压装置按厚度为30μm逐层送粉，辊压压力设定为20MPa。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中将3D打印机的激光功率选择200W，扫描速度设定为400mm/s。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种消除镍基合金选择性激光融化裂纹的方法，其特征在于：所述三次加热保温过程中，第一次是把零件放入加热炉加热至1180℃，保温2小时，随炉冷却至室温；第二次为将第一次加热保温后的产品继续加热到980℃，保温2小时，然后随炉冷却至室温；第三次为将第二次加热保温后的产品继续加热到780℃，保温8小时，空气冷却至室温。
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