CN105531385B - 制造设有金属防腐蚀保护层的钢构件的方法以及钢构件 - Google Patents

制造设有金属防腐蚀保护层的钢构件的方法以及钢构件 Download PDF

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CN105531385B
CN105531385B CN201480050585.6A CN201480050585A CN105531385B CN 105531385 B CN105531385 B CN 105531385B CN 201480050585 A CN201480050585 A CN 201480050585A CN 105531385 B CN105531385 B CN 105531385B
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steel member
flat product
weight
steel
slab
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CN105531385A (zh
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马里亚·科耶尔
萨沙·西科拉
曼努埃拉·鲁滕贝里
扬科·巴尼克
珍妮弗·舒尔茨
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种方法，通过该方法可以制造具有良好粘附性并防腐蚀的金属涂层的钢构件。为此，由具有150‑1100MPa的屈服极限以及300‑1200MPa的抗拉强度的钢材制成的扁钢产品涂覆有防腐蚀保护层，该防腐蚀保护层由合金形成，该合金含有：35‑70重量％的铝,35‑60重量％的锌,0.1‑10重量％的镁,不高于10重量％的Si以及不高于5重量％的Fe。随后由该扁钢产品得到扁坯，将该扁坯加热到至少800℃并随后成型为钢构件，或者首先成型为钢构件，随后将钢构件加热到至少800℃。随后，通过将分别获得的钢构件由足够高的温度足够快地冷却而使其硬化。

Description

制造设有金属防腐蚀保护层的钢构件的方法以及钢构件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种方法，该方法通过成型由锰钢构成的扁钢产品来制造设置有金属防腐蚀保护层的钢构件，该扁钢产品在钢构件的成型之前设置有铝锌合金层。
背景技术
当在此谈及“扁钢产品”时，其意味着钢带、钢板或者由它们得到的扁坯或类似物。
为了提供在现代车身结构中所要求的轻质、最大强度以及保护作用的结合，目前在冲撞情况下可能暴露于特别高负荷的这些车身的区域中使用由高强度钢材热压成型的构件。
在热压硬化(也称为热成型)的过程中，由冷轧钢带或热轧钢带分割而得的钢扁坯加热至通常在各种钢材的奥氏体化温度以上的成型温度并且在已加热的状态下放入成型机的工具中。在接下来进行的成型过程中，板材坯料或由其成型的构件通过与冷的工具相接触而迅速冷却。在此这样调整冷却速率，即，在构件中产生硬化组织结构。
适用于热压硬化的钢材的一个典型例子已知为名称“22MnB5”并且可以通过材料编号1.5528在钢铁指南2004版中找到(Stahlschl üssel 2004)。
在实际中，特别适用于热压硬化的锰硼钢的优点与缺点是相对的，一般含锰钢对湿腐蚀不稳定而且难以钝化。与低合金钢相比，在增加的氯离子浓度作用下有很强地向局部的、虽受限却严重的腐蚀发展的趋势，该趋势恰好使高合金钢在车身中的使用变得困难。另外，含锰的钢材倾向于表面腐蚀，由此同样地限制了其应用性。
另外由试验已知，在不利的条件下(例如，在高氢渗透和存在高拉应力的条件下，车身中用于复杂的冲撞相关结构构件的Mn-B调质钢中在该钢材的制造或进一步加工过程中存在氢脆的危险或者出现氢致延迟裂纹产生的危险。通过在退火处理过程中在奥氏体组织结构状态下的钢基底更高的吸收性有利于氢渗透。
在现有技术中存在有不同的针对减少含锰钢在调温状态下氢吸收或为这类钢材设置防腐蚀侵蚀的金属涂层的建议。在此分为主动和被动的防腐蚀保护系统。
主动的防腐蚀保护系统通常通过连续地涂覆含锌防腐蚀保护层而制造。被动的防腐蚀保护系统相反地通常通过涂覆铝基涂层而制造，该铝基涂层提供良好的抗腐蚀侵蚀的屏障作用。
在已知的含锌的金属防腐蚀保护层中存在不利和有利的方面。
EP 2 290 133 A1中已知的用于制造设有金属防腐蚀保护的钢构件的方法中，锌镍合金涂层以电解的方式沉积在钢带上。由于该电解涂层过程仅能够实现非常低的带材速度，这提高了制造成本。但是，通过已嵌入的锌相可以确保在热成型(热压硬化)之后的主动防腐蚀保护。与通过火镀形成的含锌防腐蚀保护层相比，根据用于电阻点焊的SEP 1245的标准参数存在更大的焊接区域。
具有锌基的防腐蚀保护层的钢板只能够在高花费的间接热成型过程中加工，该防腐蚀保护层具有在最少85重量％和最多98重量％的区域内的高锌含量并且借助于火镀设备施加在带涂覆的钢带上。在具有这类锌基的防腐蚀保护层的钢构件中能够根据用于电阻点焊的SEP 1245在热成型之后实现焊接的区域仅处于非常低的水平。由相对较低的熔化温度所决定，该涂层材料仅能经受低池温，这与那些AlSi涂层相比使锌基的涂层的制造成本降低或相对适宜。但是在这类锌基的涂层中由于其较低的熔化温度而存在较高的锌渗透裂纹(液相脆化，)的风险。此外，有利于挥发性的氧化物相(通常为氧化铝)通常在加压硬化后的表面上有针对性地除去。因此在加压硬化后的构件上通常存在基本上纯的锌铁层。
在同样已知的镀锌退火处理过程(Galvannealing-Prozess)中，钢带的锌层通过额外的退火步骤转变为锌铁合金层，从而将涂层中的铁含量调高到大于40重量％。但是这类对于直接热成型积聚铁锌层仅在热成型过程中经过较短的时间加工窗具有主动的防腐蚀保护。过长时间加热的构件不再具有主动的防腐蚀保护。在过短的加工时间内比如在其他锌基防腐蚀保护层中可能再次导致锌渗透裂纹形成。另外，在镀锌退火处理过程中也通常在加压硬化后的表面上除去有利于挥发性的氧化物相(通常为氧化铝)。因此在加压硬化后的构件上通常存在基本上纯的锌铁层。
即使是目前的铝基防腐蚀保护层中也存在多个不利的方面。因此，由于涂层材料较高的熔化温度，用于形成AlSi层的火镀设备的能量消耗相对较大。此外，锰硼钢上的涂层可以仅在一定的范围内冷成型。由于硬质的Fe-Al-Si金属间相在冷成型过程中会导致涂层的错位。由此使变形程度受到限制。AlSi层因此通常要求进行直接热成型。与能够实现AlSi层表面上漆层的良好粘附的阴极浸镀相结合，可以实现针对腐蚀性侵蚀的较好的屏障作用。另外，在涂层变型中要考虑到钢材中的氢渗入，其在不利的工艺条件下可能要求用于加压硬化过程的连续炉中的露点控制。与露点控制相关的能量损耗导致在构件制造过程中额外的花费。
发明内容
由此出发，本发明的目的在于说明一种在实际中容易实施的方法，该方法实现了以相对较低的成本制造钢构件，该钢构件具有良好粘附性并可靠地防腐蚀的金属涂层。此外，本发明还说明了相应制造出的钢构件。
按照本发明的方法的第一种变型为通过所谓的“直接热成型(直接加压硬化)”成型钢构件，而第二种方法的变型为通过所谓的“间接热成型(间接加压硬化)”成型钢构件，其中，按照本发明涂层的钢扁坯首先冷成型，然后加热到奥氏体化温度并随后通过快速冷却而转变至调质组织结构状态或硬化组织结构状态。
在按照本发明的、用于制造设有金属的防腐蚀保护层的钢构件的方法中，首先提供一种扁钢产品，即钢带或钢板，该扁钢产品由在热成型过程中能够通过淬火而硬化的钢材制成。该钢材具有150至1100MPa的屈服极限和300至1200MPa的抗拉强度。
钢材通常可以是以已知组成成分的高强度的锰硼钢。相应地，按照本发明加工的钢材除了铁和不可避免的杂质之外还包含(以重量％)：0.2-0.5％的C,0.5-3.0％的Mn,0.002-0.004％的B以及可选的“Si,Cr,Al,Ti”族中的一种或多种元素，这些元素的含量为：0.1-0.3％的Si,0.1-0.5％的Cr,0.02-0.05％的Al,0.025-0.04％的Ti。
按照本发明的方法适用于由以常规方式仅热轧的热轧带材或热轧板材或者由以常规方式仅冷轧的钢带或钢板制造钢构件。
相应得到和制备的扁钢产品涂覆根据本发明由铝锌合金组成的防腐蚀保护层，该铝锌合金包含：35-70重量％的铝,35-60重量％的锌,0.1-10重量％的Si以及不高于5重量％的Fe。另外，该铝锌合金还优选包含不高于15重量％的其他亲氧元素，比如镁、钙、镍和/或锰。
按照本发明所使用的铝锌合金可以通过火镀过程、以电解的方式或者借助区段涂层过程涂覆在所提供的扁钢产品上。但是该铝锌合金的涂覆优选通过连续的火镀过程进行。金属涂层既可以涂覆在热轧扁钢产品上也可以涂覆在冷轧扁钢产品上。
分析按照本发明制成的扁钢产品以及由其通过热成型(加压硬化)产生的钢构件，其金属涂层在900℃的热处理过程之后具有以下的层组成部分(层顺序)：
1.由铝铁相和富锌相组成的外层
2.由富铝的铝铁化合物组成的中间层
3.由富铝的铁混晶组成的扩散层，和
4.钢基底(Mn钢或Mn-B钢)。
按照本发明所使用的铝锌合金由于锌组分而提供主动的防腐蚀保护并且同时由于铝组分而提供被动的防腐蚀保护。
通过加入例如镁和/或钙这类合金元素，由于这些元素的键合而实现减少氢含量。因此也可以在相对较高的炉内湿度条件下确保更可靠的制造、特别是成型，而不会存在延迟裂纹形成的危险。与已知的用于热成型的涂层相比，除了有关氢吸收的积极的性能改变之外，在按照本发明的方法或按照本发明的钢构件中还明确地希望上述合金元素中至少一部分保留在钢构件的防腐蚀保护层中。
镁在按照本发明制成的涂层中形成富锌镁相，其通过例如在锌层中的阴极牺牲作用而提供防腐蚀保护，但是其中腐蚀产物在基本上纯的锌层中更加稳定并因此实现钝化。与之相关地可以看出，镁的电化学电势小于纯锌中的电化学电势，从而与锌相比甚至改善了镁的牺牲作用。按照本发明使用的铝锌合金中的镁含量优选在0.1至10重量％的范围内。
通过在按照本发明的方法中使用上述限定的铝锌合金，虽然与近乎纯的锌层或锌熔体相比提高了涂层材料的熔化温度并由此提高了保持金属熔体所需的能量需求，但另一方面显著减小了在热成型过程中形成锌渗透裂纹的危险。在实施按照本发明的方法的过程中，带材温度或熔池温度介于火镀具有至少85重量％的锌含量的锌层的温度和火镀铝合金层(AlSi层)的温度之间。优选在实施按照本发明的方法的过程中，带材温度或熔池温度在550℃至650℃的范围内。
由于由上述限定的铝锌合金制造防腐蚀保护层，与相应的、具有AlSi层的钢基底相比，以此涂覆的、由锰硼钢构成的带材或板材的冷成形性得到改善，由此可以在没有裂纹形成的条件下实现复杂的构件形状。
镍起到提高涂层的熔化温度的作用，从而该涂层在相应涂层的扁钢产品的热成型过程中不会过软或甚至熔化。此外，镍、以及涂层中的其他元素还起到改善涂层的可涂覆性的作用。按照本发明使用的铝锌合金的镍含量优选在0.2至10重量％的范围内。
另外，在本发明的范围内，在实际的热浸镀层(火镀)之前进行镍的涂覆，用于改善扁钢产品或者难以润湿的钢材的可涂层性。镍的涂覆在此可以优选通过电解涂层进行。以这种方式可以在扁钢产品上沉积出非常薄的镍层。例如电解涂覆的镍层的厚度为至少2μm。
在用于形成金属防腐蚀保护的涂层中的锰的加入在相应涂层的扁钢产品的热成型中产生了优势。另外，通过锰改善了钢基底上的涂层的润湿性。按照本发明使用的铝锌合金的锰含量优选在0.1至10重量％的范围内。
硅仅仅是按照本发明的铝锌合金的可选元素。硅用作扩散阻滞剂并且在通过火镀涂层涂覆由铝锌合金组成的涂层过程中使熔池镇静。按照本发明使用的铝锌合金的硅含量可以在0.1至10重量％的范围内。
按照本发明的防腐蚀保护层的本质的优点在于，该防腐蚀保护涂层由于其铝含量仅允许较小程度的红锈形成。与目前已知的金属防腐蚀层相比，在根据本发明涂层的上述合金元素的按照本发明的调整中仅生成少的锈比重。此外可选在铝锌合金中含有其他元素，比如镁、钙、镍和/或锰，这些元素在腐蚀负荷下表现被动，如上所述地进一步改善涂层或按照本发明涂层的扁钢产品的性能。由于在热成型之后存在于按照本发明的涂层中的稳定的富锌相，该涂层提供主动的防腐蚀保护。如上所述，按照本发明的涂层与目前基于锌的防腐蚀保护层(该防腐蚀保护层有时在其表面上具有薄氧化铝表皮)相比具有在整个层厚上较高的铝含量。由此实现了上述的屏障作用。此外在该涂层的内部还产生被动的硬化过程。
通过调整层厚支承可以在实施按照本发明的方法的过程中以可变的方式调节防腐蚀保护。在此，在热成型之前的总层厚在5至50μm。优选根据本发明的涂层的总层厚在10至25μm的范围内。
根据按照本发明方法的另一个有利设计，扁钢产品在涂覆由防腐蚀保护层之后并且在钢构件的成型之前进行热处理，其中，将扁钢产品或扁坯加热至范围在300℃至700℃之间、优选350℃至600℃之间的温度，从而在防腐蚀保护层中产生铁富集。由于较高的铁富集，通过这类所谓的中间合金过程(Vorlegierungsprozess，＞300℃)可使接下来的热成型过程中的加工时间缩短。在热处理(中间合金过程)之后，涂层中的Fe浓度优选为大于10重量％。不应超过最大为85重量％的Fe浓度。
按照本发明方法的另一个有利设计在于，扁钢产品在涂覆防腐蚀保护层之后并且在由扁坯成型成为钢构件之前进行热处理，其中，将扁钢产品或扁坯加热至范围在50℃至300℃之间的温度。通过该措施可以在实际的热成型之前实施所谓的时效过程(人为的时效处理)。这例如可以在连续炉和罩式退火炉中通过加热至上述50℃至300℃范围内的温度而进行。由此使在由钢基底和金属涂层形成的系统内部的扩散过程活化，其中，涂层中的铁含量仅以很小的程度增加。该措施例如在表面上形成适宜的氧化层的过程中或涂层的常见均质化过程中使用。
按照本发明方法的另一个有利设计设置为，扁坯的加热或钢构件的加热在包含在5体积％到25体积％之间的氧气的炉内环境中进行。当根据本发明方法的另一种设计扁坯的加热或钢构件的加热在包含干燥空气的炉内环境中进行时，得到另一个用于减少氢吸收的优化方案。由此可以人为地将炉内环境变为低露点。
附图说明
随后借助图像和实施例进一步说明本发明。其中：
图1示出了按照本发明涂层的钢基底(锰硼钢基底)的样品的磨面横切片，其中，样品对应于涂层的钢基底的初始状态；
图2至4分别示出了在加热至700℃、800℃或900℃的温度并分别经过5min的停留时间之后，按照本发明涂层的钢基底的样品的磨面横切片；
图5为了表面红锈的形成而示出了在900℃的热成型和经过5min的停留时间之后，在48h、120h、192h和600h后，喷盐雾试验中的按照本发明涂层的钢基底的样品。
具体实施方式
图像4中在涂层的上方区域中可以看到通过磨面横切片的侵蚀而产生的“深色孔洞”。如图像5中可以看出，在没有这类侵蚀的条件下在该位置上存在富锌相。该富锌相确保了经过过程时间窗(加工时间窗)的主动防腐蚀保护。
例1:
退火后的冷轧带材进行碱性喷注去油和电解质去油，该冷轧带材由含有0.3-3重量％的锰的钢材制成，该钢材具有150-1100MPa的屈服极限和300-1200MPa的抗拉强度。去油池包含浓度约为15g/L的可购买到的清洁剂，该清洁剂具有大于25％的氢氧化钠、1-5％脂肪醇醚和5-10％的乙氧基化的、丙氧基化的以及甲基化的C12-18醇。池温度为大约65℃。喷注去油的持续时间为大约5s。随后进行刷洗。在接下来的过程中，对带材进行热浸镀层(火镀)。金属熔体由铝锌合金形成，该铝锌合金包含：35-70重量％的铝,35-60重量％的锌,0.1-10重量％的镁,0.1至不高于10重量％的Si以及不高于5重量％的Fe。另外，该铝锌合金还优选包含以总含量为最大15重量％的锰和/或镍，其中锰含量最大可以为0.02重量％。由铝锌合金形成的涂层的总层厚通过磨削装置(例如磨削喷嘴)调整至5至50μm、优选10-25μm范围内的厚度。这样涂层的带材随后卷取成为卷材或者切割成特定长度的扁坯，并且在可选的中间仓储之后运送至用于制造三维成型、加压硬化的钢构件的成型机。切割装置设置在成型机上游，通过该切割装置可将由卷材开卷的或预切割、通常为矩形的扁坯裁切成与待制钢构件的轮廓相适应的扁坯。随后将裁切后的扁坯加热至高于钢基底的奥氏体化温度的成型温度并且在已加热的状态下放入成型机的工具中。在成型过程中，板材裁切件或由其成型的构件通过与已冷却的工具接触而得到快速的冷却。在此这样调整冷却速率，即，在构件中产生调质组织结构或硬质组织结构。
例2:
钢种22MnB5(1.5528)的热轧带材(已酸洗)进行碱性喷注去油和电解质去油。该带材还在碱性喷注去油过程中额外地进行刷洗。去油池包含浓度约为20g/L的可购买到的清洁剂，该清洁剂具有5-10％的氢氧化钠和10-20％的氢氧化钾。池温度为大约75℃。在接下来的过程中，对带材进行热浸镀层(火镀)。金属熔体由铝锌合金形成，该铝锌合金包含：35-70重量％的铝,35-60重量％的锌,0.1-10重量％的镁,0.1至10重量％的Si以及不高于5重量％的Fe。另外，该铝锌合金还优选包含以总含量为最大15重量％的锰和/或镍，其中锰含量最大可以为0.02重量％。金属层的总层厚通过磨削装置(例如压缩空气喷嘴或惰性气体喷嘴)调整至5至50μm、优选10-25μm范围内的厚度。涂层的带材随后卷取成为卷材或者切割成特定长度的扁坯，并且在可选的中间仓储之后运送至用于制造加压硬化的钢构件的成型机。切割装置设置在成型机上游，通过该切割装置可将由卷材开卷的或预切割、通常为矩形的扁坯裁切成与待制钢构件的轮廓相适应的扁坯。随后在室温下将裁切后的扁坯以待制钢构件的形状或预制形状成型(冷成型)。随后将(已预成型的)构件加热至高于钢材的奥氏体化温度的构件温度并且在已加热的状态下放入成型机的已冷却的成型工具中。在必要时，在已冷却的工具中将构件最终成型。该构件通过与已冷却的工具接触而得到快速的冷却，从而调整构件中的调质组织结构或硬质组织结构。
例3:
类似于例1或2,但是区别在于,在涂层之后以及在成型(加压硬化)之前进行所谓的中间合金过程。为此，将扁钢产品或扁坯加热至范围在300℃至650℃之间、优选350℃至600℃之间的温度，从而通过扩散过程在防腐蚀保护层中产生铁富集。
例4:
类似于例1或2,但是区别在于,在涂层之后以及在成型(加压硬化)之前进行所谓的时效化过程(Alterungsprozess)。为此，在连续炉和罩式退火炉中将扁钢产品或扁坯加热至50℃至300℃范围内的温度。
例5:
类似于例1、2、3或4,但是区别在于,在扁钢产品涂覆由铝锌合金组成的涂层之前首先在该扁钢产品上涂覆含镍的涂层。该镍层改善了钢基底的涂层性能。镍层(基础层)的涂覆优选以电解的方式进行。镍层的层厚例如调整到1至3μm的范围内。
当扁坯温度或构件温度以已知的方式为最大940℃、特别是830℃-905℃时，在上述例子中可以得到理想的操作结果。这特别是适用于当钢构件的成型作为热成型而在加热至扁坯温度或构件温度之后这样进行时，即，在考虑到一定程度的温度损失的条件下将已加热的扁坯(“直接的”方法)或已加热的钢构件(“间接的”方法)放入各个接下来使用的成型工具中。当扁坯温度或构件温度为850-880℃时，接下来的热成型可以分别以特别操作可靠的方式进行。
加热至扁坯温度或构件温度可以以已知的方式连续地在连续炉中完成。在此，典型的退火时间在3-15min的范围内。但是替代性还可能的是，加热通过电感式或导电式工作的加热装置进行。这允许特别快速加热到各个预设的温度。
在加热过程中，炉内环境中应含有在17％到23％之间的氧气含量。另一个用于减少按照本发明覆层的钢基底的氢吸收的优化可以通过导入干燥空气而实现。由此可以人为地将炉内环境变为低露点。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于制造具有金属的防腐蚀保护层的钢构件的方法，包括以下操作步骤：
a)提供一种扁钢产品，所述扁钢产品由具有150-1100MPa的屈服极限和300-1200MPa的抗拉强度的钢材构成；
b)所述扁钢产品通过火镀涂覆由铝锌合金组成的防腐蚀保护层，所述铝锌合金包含：35-70重量％的铝,35-60重量％的锌,0.1-10重量％的Mg,不高于10重量％的Si以及不高于5重量％的Fe；
c)将由已涂层的所述扁钢产品形成的扁坯加热到至少为800℃的扁坯温度；
d)在成型工具中将所述扁坯成型为钢构件，并且
e)通过由所述钢构件在适于形成调质组织结构或硬质组织结构的状态下所处的温度开始的冷却使所述钢构件硬化，所述冷却的冷却速率对于形成调质组织结构或硬质组织结构是足够的，
其中，在加热到至少为800℃的所述扁坯温度或所述扁钢产品温度之前，所述防腐蚀保护层的总层厚在5至50μm；而且所述扁坯的加热或所述钢构件的加热在炉内环境中进行，所述炉内环境包含在5体积％到25体积％之间的氧气；
其中，在830℃-940℃范围内的温度处理之后，所述防腐蚀保护层由其外侧开始沿所述扁钢产品的方向具有以下的层顺序:
由铝铁相和富锌相组成的外层
由富铝的铝铁化合物组成的中间层，和
由富铝的铁混晶组成的扩散层。
2.一种用于制造具有金属的防腐蚀保护层的钢构件的方法，包括以下操作步骤：
a)提供一种扁钢产品，所述扁钢产品由具有150-1100MPa的屈服极限和300-1200MPa的抗拉强度的钢材构成；
b)所述扁钢产品通过火镀涂覆由铝锌合金组成的防腐蚀保护层，所述铝锌合金包含：35-70重量％的铝,35-60重量％的锌,0.1-10重量％的Mg,不高于10重量％的Si以及不高于5重量％的Fe；
c)在成型工具中将由所述扁钢产品形成的扁坯成型为钢构件，
d)将所述钢构件加热到至少为800℃的构件温度；并且
e)通过由所述钢构件所处的、适于形成调质组织结构或硬质组织结构的温度开始冷却使所述钢构件硬化，所述冷却的冷却速率对于形成调质组织结构或硬质组织结构是足够的，
其中，在加热到至少为800℃的所述扁坯温度或所述扁钢产品温度之前，所述防腐蚀保护层的总层厚在5至50μm；而且所述扁坯的加热或所述钢构件的加热在炉内环境中进行，所述炉内环境包含在5体积％到25体积％之间的氧气；
其中，在830℃-940℃范围内的温度处理之后，所述防腐蚀保护层由其外侧开始沿所述扁钢产品的方向具有以下的层顺序:
由铝铁相和富锌相组成的外层
由富铝的铝铁化合物组成的中间层，和
由富铝的铁混晶组成的扩散层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述操作步骤c)中的所述钢构件的成型作为预成型实施，并且所述钢构件在所述操作步骤d)中的加热之后完成成型。
4.根据上述权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，为了形成所述防腐蚀保护层所使用的铝锌合金包含不高于15重量％的、选自钙、镍、锰和/或碱土金属类别中的元素。
5.根据上述权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述扁钢产品涂覆由铝锌合金组成的所述防腐蚀保护层之前，首先在所述扁钢产品上涂覆含镍的涂层。
6.根据上述权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述扁钢产品涂覆由铝锌合金组成的所述防腐蚀保护层之后，并且在由所述扁坯成型成为所述钢构件之前进行热处理，其中，将所述扁钢产品或所述扁坯加热至范围在300℃至700℃之间的温度，从而在所述防腐蚀保护层中产生铁富集。
7.根据上述权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述扁钢产品涂覆由铝锌合金组成的所述防腐蚀保护层之后，并且在由所述扁坯成型成为所述钢构件之前进行热处理，其中，将所述扁钢产品或所述扁坯加热至范围在350℃至600℃之间的温度，从而在所述防腐蚀保护层中产生铁富集。
8.根据上述权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述扁钢产品涂覆由铝锌合金组成的所述防腐蚀保护层之后，并且在由所述扁坯成型成为所述钢构件之前进行热处理，其中，将所述扁钢产品或所述扁坯加热至范围在50℃至300℃之间的温度。
9.根据上述权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述防腐蚀保护层的总层厚度这样调整，即，在加热到至少为800℃的所述扁坯温度或所述扁钢产品温度之前，所述防腐蚀保护层的总层厚在10至25μm的范围内。
10.根据上述权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述扁坯的加热或所述钢构件的加热在包含干燥空气的炉内环境中进行。
11.一种由钢材制成的钢构件，所述钢材具有150-1100MPa的屈服极限和300-1200MPa的抗拉强度以及涂覆在钢基底上的、由铝锌合金组成的防腐蚀保护层，所述铝锌合金包含：35-70重量％的铝,35-60重量％的锌,0.1-10重量％的Mg,不高于10重量％的Si以及不高于5重量％的Fe，其中，所述防腐蚀保护层由其外侧开始沿所述钢基底的方向具有以下的层顺序:
由铝铁相和富锌相组成的外层
由富铝的铝铁化合物组成的中间层，和
由富铝的铁混晶组成的扩散层。
12.根据权利要求11所述的钢构件，其特征在于，所述防腐蚀保护层的厚度为大于5μm。
13.根据权利要求11所述的钢构件，其特征在于，所述防腐蚀保护层的厚度为大于10μm。
14.根据权利要求11-13中任意一项所述的钢构件，其特征在于，所述防腐蚀保护层包含钙、镍、锰和/或其他碱土金属。
15.根据权利要求11至13中任意一项所述的钢构件，其特征在于，在所述钢构件的内层和所述钢基底之间设置有含镍的基础层。
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