CN105524635B - 一种利用钢渣余热资源化塑料及无害化铬渣的同步技术 - Google Patents

一种利用钢渣余热资源化塑料及无害化铬渣的同步技术 Download PDF

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CN105524635B
CN105524635B CN201610033731.5A CN201610033731A CN105524635B CN 105524635 B CN105524635 B CN 105524635B CN 201610033731 A CN201610033731 A CN 201610033731A CN 105524635 B CN105524635 B CN 105524635B
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chromium slag
chromium
plastics
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张大磊
龙兴
袁宪正
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Qingdao University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明是同步处理液态钢渣、铬渣及塑料的方法,通过钢渣加热并气化塑料,再利用危险废物铬渣等催化剂高温催化裂解塑料,在水蒸汽气化的条件下较为彻底的将塑料转化为低分子的高温能源气体,避免了铬渣表面的结焦。同时利用高温能源气体加热铬渣,同时使铬渣中六价铬还原为三价铬,顺便对能源气体进行冷却,而能源气体中的CO2及Cl被铬渣中的碱性物质吸收。本工艺在无害化铬渣、冷却钢渣的同时,大大节约了能源,同时获得了高品位的能源气。

Description

一种利用钢渣余热资源化塑料及无害化铬渣的同步技术
技术领域
本发明是同步处理铬渣及塑料并且冷却钢渣的方法,在无害化铬渣、获得了高品位的能源气的同时,大大节约了能源,同时。属于环境保护及低碳技术领域。
背景技术
铬渣是重铬酸盐生产过程中排放的副产物。因其中含有水溶性六价铬而具有极大的毒性,如果不经过处理而露天堆放,对地下水源、河流或海域会造成不同程度的污染,严重的危害人体健康和动植物的生长。
总体来说,目前铬渣的解毒方法(即将毒性高的六价铬变为三价铬)分为湿法解毒和干法解毒两大类。但都有各自问题。湿法是将通过添加还原剂将铬渣中Cr6+在液相还原解毒的方法。但该法试剂消耗大,成本高,目前还难以大规模用于治理铬渣。干法解毒既是通过高温还原性气氛的强还原作用使铬渣中六价铬还原为三价铬达到解毒的目的。传统的干法治理是用碳做还原剂,再还原性气氛中加热至1000℃左右把有毒的Cr6+还原成无毒的Cr6 +,该法已经大规模应用于铬渣的治理,有一定经济效益,但处理过程中伴有二次粉尘污染,且投资成本高,能耗大。
塑料是一种白色污染。目前其处理方法也存在各种问题。因其含Cl,因此焚烧容易产生二恶英。热解制燃料油、气是一种目前较为实用的办法,申请号2011103660279公布了一种两步法利用塑料制备燃料油气的办法,第一步在低温挥发HCl,第二步裂解塑料制备油气。该方法虽较为实用,但由于实行两步法,反应周期长。此外在工程实施中,HCl不容易完全挥发出,部分残留的Cl容易进入第二步的裂解油气中从而对其污染。
此外,我国每年产生大量的钢渣,液态钢渣温度高,温度1500-1700℃,如果能好好利用,将是宝贵的资源。但目前很少有技术将其中的热能有效利用。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明是一种新型的铬渣、塑料及液态钢渣的处理处置方法。通过工艺控制,可以将液态钢渣有效冷却并将其热能有效利用,同时将塑料转化为高品质能源气,并将铬渣中六价铬高效还原的同时。
本工艺技术方案为:将液态钢渣加热并气化塑料及冷却水,随后利用危险废物铬渣高温催化裂解塑料裂解气,在水蒸汽气化的条件下较为彻底的将塑料转化为低分子的高温能源气体(H2、CO及CH4等),避免了铬渣表面的结焦。而同时塑料产生的高温能源气体又将铬渣加热,同时使铬渣中六价铬还原为三价铬,顺便让低温铬渣对能源气体进行冷却,而能源气体中的Cl及CO2被铬渣中的碱性物质吸收。本工艺在无害化铬渣的同时,大大节约了能源,同时获得了高品位的能源气。
本发明的方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)温度1500-1700℃的液态钢渣由渣罐倾倒至轮式拨料器入口端,经定量拨料及初步破碎后,从出口端进入滚筒碎化装置入口处,与塑料混合,并将塑料热解,随后钢渣与塑料热解焦炭输往滚筒碎化装置出口端,经冷却水冷却后排放;冷却钢渣的冷却水与钢渣的连续输入质量比为1:(1-8);塑料与钢渣的连续输入质量比为1:(1-8);
(2)步骤(1)中的冷却水从滚筒碎化装置出口端加入,喷淋到钢渣表面受热转化为水蒸气;水蒸气随后与钢渣逆向流动并换热,输往滚筒碎化装置入口端与塑料热解气混合;混合气随后输往轮式拨料器与高温钢渣进行换热,转化为1000-1400℃的高温混合气;
(3)将步骤(2)中的混合气输往催化重整炉,炉内负载煅烧后的铬渣,混合气体加热里面的铬渣在800-1200℃范围内进行催化重整,生成能源气体;
(4)步骤(3)中生成的高温能源气体随后输入内热式回转窑窑头中,与窑尾连续输送过来的铬渣进行换热处理,同时能源气体将铬渣中六价铬还原为三价铬;高温能源气体温度降低至250℃以下后,从回转窑窑尾排出,进入冷凝装置,与冷却水逆向流动并发生间接换热,冷凝脱水后收集;换热后的高温铬渣从回转窑窑头排出,进入冷却装置,使用冷却水将其冷却至150℃以下后排放,同时利用所产生的水蒸气控制冷却装置内部气压高于室外气压0-30kp;连续产生的高温能源气体与连续输入的铬渣的质量比控制在(1-8):4;
(5)步骤(4)中换热后的高温铬渣从回转窑窑头排出,进入冷却装置,使用冷却水将其冷却至150℃以下后排放,同时利用所产生的水蒸气控制冷却装置内部气压高于室外气压0-30kp;
相比传统的塑料处理方法,本方法有如下优势:
1.利用高温液态钢渣加热并气化塑料及冷却水,产生塑料裂解产物及水蒸气,为裂解产物催化制备高品质能源气创造条件;同时充分利用了热能,大大提高了能源效率;
2.利用铬渣危险废物铬渣催化塑料,避免使用昂贵催化剂的同时,还实现了铬渣的无害化;
3.因高温蒸汽的作用,使得铬渣在还原处理后,表面积炭量大大减少,有利于处理后铬渣的二次利用;
4.利用催化重整后所产生的高温能源气体加热并无害化铬渣,同时节约了额外冷却高温气体的设备;
5.充分利用了工艺各个阶段产生的水蒸汽,无须额外热源辅助生产蒸汽,有利于节能,同时减少了蒸汽的排放,避免了二次热污染;
6.塑料催化裂解产生的能源气中生成的副产物CO2等可以被铬渣中的CaO等碱性物质吸收,提高燃料产品质量;
7.铬渣冷却设备利用冷却水冷却铬渣,产生蒸汽的同时,增大装置内部气压,阻止外部空气进入系统,氧化还原后的三价铬,同时避免了使用额外的装置控制气压。
附图说明
图1是工艺流程图
图2是液态钢渣拨料装置及碎化装置
其中1液态铬渣进口处;2 混合气出口;3 冷却水入口处;4 塑料进口处;5 轮式拨料器;6 钢渣出口处;7 滚筒碎化装置;8 轮式拨料器及滚筒碎化装置连接口;9 齿轮。
具体实施实例如下:
(1)温度1500-1700℃的液态钢渣由渣罐倾倒至轮式拨料器入口端,经定量拨料及初步破碎后,从出口端进入滚筒碎化装置入口处,与塑料混合,并将塑料热解,随后钢渣与塑料热解焦炭输往滚筒碎化装置出口端,经冷却水冷却后排放;冷却钢渣的冷却水与钢渣的连续输入质量比为1:2;塑料与钢渣的连续输入质量比为1:2;
(2)步骤(1)中的冷却水从滚筒碎化装置出口端加入,喷淋到钢渣表面受热转化为水蒸气;水蒸气随后与钢渣逆向流动并换热,输往滚筒碎化装置入口端与塑料热解气混合;混合气随后输往轮式拨料器与高温钢渣进行换热,转化为1000℃的高温混合气;
(3)将步骤(2)中的混合气输往催化重整炉,炉内负载煅烧后的铬渣,混合气体加热里面的铬渣在800℃范围内进行催化重整,生成能源气体;
(4)步骤(3)中生成的高温能源气体随后输入内热式回转窑窑头中,与窑尾连续输送过来的铬渣进行换热处理,同时能源气体将铬渣中六价铬还原为三价铬;高温能源气体温度降低至250℃以下后,从回转窑窑尾排出,进入冷凝装置,与冷却水逆向流动并发生间接换热,冷凝脱水后收集;换热后的高温铬渣从回转窑窑头排出,进入冷却装置,使用冷却水将其冷却至150℃以下后排放,同时利用所产生的水蒸气控制冷却装置内部气压高于室外气压0-30kp;连续产生的高温能源气体与连续输入的铬渣的质量比控制在2:1;
(5)步骤(4)中换热后的高温铬渣从回转窑窑头排出,进入冷却装置,使用冷却水将其冷却至150℃以下后排放,同时利用所产生的水蒸气控制冷却装置内部气压高于室外气压0-30kp;
(6)使用国标GB 5086.2水平振荡法对处理后铬渣进行毒性浸出试验,测得水溶性铬为0.01mg/L,大大低于国标GB 5085.3危险废物上限1.5mg/L;每吨塑料产生0.6-0.7t能源气,可燃气含量高于80%。
实例2:
(1)温度1500-1700℃的液态钢渣由渣罐倾倒至轮式拨料器入口端,经定量拨料及初步破碎后,从出口端进入滚筒碎化装置入口处,与塑料混合,并将塑料热解,随后钢渣与塑料热解焦炭输往滚筒碎化装置出口端,经冷却水冷却后排放;冷却钢渣的冷却水与钢渣的连续输入质量比为1:4;塑料与钢渣的连续输入质量比为1:2;
(2)步骤(1)中的冷却水从滚筒碎化装置出口端加入,喷淋到钢渣表面受热转化为水蒸气;水蒸气随后与钢渣逆向流动并换热,输往滚筒碎化装置入口端与塑料热解气混合;混合气随后输往轮式拨料器与高温钢渣进行换热,转化为1400℃的高温混合气;
(3)将步骤(2)中的混合气输往催化重整炉,炉内负载煅烧后的铬渣,混合气体加热里面的铬渣在800℃范围内进行催化重整,生成能源气体;
(4)步骤(3)中生成的高温能源气体随后输入内热式回转窑窑头中,与窑尾连续输送过来的铬渣进行换热处理,同时能源气体将铬渣中六价铬还原为三价铬;高温能源气体温度降低至250℃以下后,从回转窑窑尾排出,进入冷凝装置,与冷却水逆向流动并发生间接换热,冷凝脱水后收集;换热后的高温铬渣从回转窑窑头排出,进入冷却装置,使用冷却水将其冷却至150℃以下后排放,同时利用所产生的水蒸气控制冷却装置内部气压高于室外气压0-30kp;连续产生的高温能源气体与连续输入的铬渣的质量比控制在1:1;
(5)步骤(4)中换热后的高温铬渣从回转窑窑头排出,进入冷却装置,使用冷却水将其冷却至150℃以下后排放,同时利用所产生的水蒸气控制冷却装置内部气压高于室外气压0-30kp;
(6)使用国标GB 5086.2水平振荡法对处理后铬渣进行毒性浸出试验,测得水溶性铬为0.01mg/L,大大低于国标GB 5085.3危险废物上限1.5mg/L;每吨塑料产生0.6-0.7t能源气,可燃气含量高于80%。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案, 而非对其进行限制; 尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明, 对于本领域的普通技术人员来说, 依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改, 或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换 ; 而这些修改或替换, 并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种利用钢渣余热资源化塑料及无害化铬渣的同步方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)温度1500-1700℃的液态钢渣由渣罐倾倒至轮式拨料器入口端,经定量拨料及初步破碎后,从出口端进入滚筒碎化装置入口处,与塑料混合,并将塑料热解,随后钢渣与塑料热解焦炭输往滚筒碎化装置出口端,经冷却水冷却后排放;
(2)步骤(1)中的冷却水从滚筒碎化装置出口端加入,喷淋到钢渣表面受热转化为水蒸气;水蒸气随后与钢渣逆向流动并换热,输往滚筒碎化装置入口端与塑料热解气混合;混合气随后输往轮式拨料器与高温钢渣进行换热,转化为1000-1400℃的高温混合气;
(3)将步骤(2)中的高温混合气输往催化重整炉,炉内负载煅烧后的铬渣,高温混合气加热里面的铬渣在800-1200℃范围内进行催化重整,生成高温能源气体;
(4)步骤(3)中生成的高温能源气体随后输入内热式回转窑窑头中,与窑尾连续输送过来的铬渣进行换热处理,同时高温能源气体将铬渣中六价铬还原为三价铬;高温能源气体温度降低至250℃以下后,从回转窑窑尾排出,进入冷凝装置,与冷却水逆向流动并发生间接换热,冷凝脱水后收集;
(5)步骤(4)中换热后的高温铬渣从回转窑窑头排出,进入冷却装置,使用冷却水将其冷却至150℃以下后排放,同时利用所产生的水蒸气控制冷却装置内部气压高于室外气压0-30kp。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用钢渣余热资源化塑料及无害化铬渣的同步方法,其特征在于,冷却钢渣的冷却水与钢渣的连续输入质量比为1:(1-8)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用钢渣余热资源化塑料及无害化铬渣的同步方法,其特征在于,塑料与钢渣的连续输入质量比为1:(1-8)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用钢渣余热资源化塑料及无害化铬渣的同步方法,其特征在于,连续产生的高温能源气体与连续输入的铬渣的质量比控制在(1-8):4。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用钢渣余热资源化塑料及无害化铬渣的同步方法,其特征在于,冷却钢渣的冷却水与塑料的连续输入质量比控制在(0.2-5):1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用钢渣余热资源化塑料及无害化铬渣的同步方法,其特征在于,催化重整炉中负载的铬渣被白云石或Al2O3基纳米级催化剂替代。
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