CN105510557A - Debris flow simulation test device and test method capable of adjusting and controlling hazard-cause factors - Google Patents
Debris flow simulation test device and test method capable of adjusting and controlling hazard-cause factors Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a debris flow simulation test device and method capable of adjusting and controlling hazard-cause factors. A slurry storage box is arranged on a base platform and communicated with a debris flow forming area slurry tank through a slurry delivery pipe, the slurry delivery pipe is provided with a slurry pump and a slurry output valve, the debris flow forming area slurry tank is communicated with a debris flow circulating area slurry tank through a movable rubber belt, the debris flow forming area slurry tank and the debris flow circulating area slurry tank are both obliquely arranged, the included angle between the debris flow forming area slurry tank and the debris flow circulating area slurry tank and the horizontal plane is smaller than 90 degrees, and an opening formed in the bottom end of the debris flow circulating area slurry tank faces a horizontally-arranged data acquisition board. The device and method have the advantages of being easy to operate, convenient to assemble and disassemble, clear in result comparison and the like and are suitable for range prediction research of different types of debris flow hazard areas in mountain areas of China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of controllable to cause disaster the rubble flow physical analog test apparatus of factor and test method, belong to field of civil engineering, particularly relate to simulation rubble flow to cause disaster the research such as scope and influence factor, be applicable to the prediction of the dissimilar rubble flow in China mountain area, early warning and study on prevention.
Background technology
Rubble flow to refer on slope or in cheuch loose fines material saturated by heavy rain or accumulated snow, glacial ablation water institute, under gravity, along the special mighty torrent of one flowed in slope or cheuch, there is outburst suddenly, last of short duration, the feature such as break with tremendous force and destructive power is huge.And China is one of country that rubble flow is grown the most, quantity is maximum, harm is the most serious in the world, rubble flow all brings huge property loss and casualties to China every year.Since Lushan earthquake in 2013, the number of times that breaks out of China's rubble flow gets more and more, and more and more frequently, this shows that China's rubble flow may enter a new active stage, and following 5-10 rubble flow causes disaster will be more frequent, lose also increasing.Affect the reason that rubble flow causes disaster more, mainly contain geologic condition, climatic factor etc.And the various observational studies carrying out rubble flow in debris flow occurrence process are difficult to realize, main cause has in rubble flow process monitors difficulty comparatively greatly, and abnormally dangerous, and debris flow occurrence process is likely very of short duration, can not monitor useful data.The rubble flow physical simulating device of controllable physical parameter is then by the process of test simulation rubble flow, and easy to operate, and observation is simple.The factor of causing disaster affecting rubble flow is studied by control variate method, thus to the data that control and the prediction of rubble flow provide.
Current, also relatively less for the cause disaster synthetic study of physical simulation of factor of rubble flow, major part is the experimental provision System and method for of the single factor of causing disaster of research rubble flow, as Chinese patent discloses " a kind of measuring method of rubble flow mean velocity in section and application " (publication No.: CN104794362A, date of publication: 2015-7-22), provide a kind of measuring method calculating rubble flow mean flow rate, for studying the research method of this single factor of causing disaster of the mean flow rate of rubble flow.Fail to consider the multiple factor of causing disaster affecting rubble flow, and then the research of impact to the whole generating process of rubble flow, and the control of rubble flow and prediction are had an impact.
Summary of the invention
It is simple that technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of structure, can improve that the factor of causing disaster that existing physical analog test apparatus can simulate is single, debris flows simulation test unit that controllable that test result contrasts problem not directly perceived etc. causes disaster factor and test method.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows: a kind of controllable is caused disaster the debris flows simulation test unit of factor, comprise steam piano, mud delivery valve, slurry storage box, fluid-conveying pipe, debris flow formation region slurry tank, movable rubber strip, flowing area of mud flow slurry tank, base platform and data acquisition board, described slurry storage box is located in described base platform, described slurry storage box is communicated with described debris flow formation region slurry tank by fluid-conveying pipe, described fluid-conveying pipe is provided with described steam piano and described mud delivery valve, described debris flow formation region slurry tank is communicated with by described movable rubber strip with described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank, described debris flow formation region slurry tank and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank are all obliquely installed, the angle of described debris flow formation region slurry tank and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and surface level is less than 90 °, the bottom end opening of described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank is towards horizontally disposed data acquisition board.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by changing length and the degree of tilt of debris flow formation region slurry tank and flowing area of mud flow slurry tank in the present invention, contrasted by control variate method, study the impact of factor on accumulation area (namely rubble flow directly the endangers district) scope of rubble flow of causing disaster such as debris flow formation region and Circulation Area length, forming region and Circulation Area longitudinal gradient angle, there is the features such as simple to operate, easy to loading and unloading, Comparative result is clear, be applicable to the horizon prediction research of dissimilar state of debris flow disasters district, China mountain area.
On the basis of technique scheme, the present invention can also do following improvement.
Further, described fluid-conveying pipe is deformable rubber tubing.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to be: to adopt rubber tubing to facilitate the connection of debris flow formation region slurry tank and flowing area of mud flow slurry tank, and the inclination different with flowing area of mud flow slurry tank of debris flow formation region slurry tank can be realized.
Further, described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and/or described debris flow formation region slurry tank are whole segmentation structure or for be detachably composed in series successively by multistage slurry tank.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to be: flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and/or debris flow formation region slurry tank, can regulate the length of flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and debris flow formation region slurry tank as required.
Further, the material of described debris flow formation region slurry tank and the material of described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank are steel plate.
Adopt the beneficial effect of above-mentioned further scheme to be: the material of debris flow formation region slurry tank and flowing area of mud flow slurry tank material adopt steel plate, make the material of debris flow formation region slurry tank and flowing area of mud flow slurry tank more firm, bearing capacity is high.
Further, the groove face of described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and/or described debris flow formation region slurry tank is equipped with roughness regulating course.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to be: the groove face of flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and/or debris flow formation region slurry tank to be equipped with roughness regulating course, to be regulated the roughness of the groove face of flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and debris flow formation region slurry tank by different roughness regulating courses.
Further, described data acquisition board comprises horizontally disposed plank and is laid on the coordinate paper being painted with grid on described plank, and described plank is provided with level meter.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to be: squared board is fixed with coordinate paper, as the accumulation area of rubble flow, accumulation area area, accumulation area width, accumulation area length, accumulation body volume, accumulation body length breadth ratio can be calculated, and plank is horizontal positioned, ensured the level of plank by level meter.
Further, also comprise adjustable domatic, described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and described debris flow formation region slurry tank be all located at described adjustable domatic on.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to be: to adopt the adjustable domatic adjustment realizing flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and debris flow formation region slurry tank degree of tilt.
Further, described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and described adjustable domatic between and described debris flow formation region slurry tank bottom and described adjustable domatic between be equipped with sleeper.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to be: arranging of sleeper can prevent flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and debris flow formation region slurry tank when debris flow occurrence from sinking.
Further, described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and described debris flow formation region slurry tank are V-type groove, and the bottom of described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and/or described debris flow formation region slurry tank is provided with slurry tank measurement of angle instruction iron plate along the Width of its cell wall.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to be: flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and debris flow formation region slurry tank are V-type groove, slurry tank measurement of angle instruction iron plate is provided with along the Width of its cell wall bottom it, when surveying the angle of flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and debris flow formation region slurry tank and surface level with protractor, the angle of the protractor indicated by iron plate is required flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and debris flow formation region slurry tank longitudinally domatic angle.
Controllable is caused disaster the debris flows simulation test method of factor, adopts the generation of the test unit simulation rubble flow described in the above-mentioned any one of the claims, comprises the following steps:
Step one, prepares slurry mixture; When preparing slurry mixture, prepare test outfit and material, instrument mainly comprises ruler, balance, spirit lamp, spring balance, graduated cylinder, protractor, sieve, asbestos gauge, tripod, beaker, tape measure, computing machine, camera, paper, pen, basin, bucket, alcohol.Material mainly comprises earth, sandstone, water, Polypropylence Sheet, plank, nail, drawing pin, pin; Pass through the inspection of the scene of a crime, the actual deposit particle diameter of rubble flow is analyzed, then according to the material of certain proportions simulation debris flow formation region, choose sand nearby and sieve after drying, the sandstone proportionally choosing different particle diameters is used as the coarse particle of simulating rubble flow; The fine grained of forming region material is mainly moisture mud.First find impure few, the earth that purity and viscosity are all high; Be watered again afterwards and add stirring machine modulation mud; After mixing up, carry out preliminary test, see can produce a desired effect (rubble flow can flow through forming region and Circulation Area smoothly, and piles up the fan-shaped deposit of formation in forming region); As fallen flat, again modulate mud, till producing a desired effect; Manufacturing of rubble flow compound, gets a certain amount of sand and adds in mud, after stirring, is stored in by rubble flow compound in slurry storage bin; Measure debris flow formation region water content of materials.Divide three groups of water cut measuring forming region materials, average, measuring method: the forming region material first taking certain mass, then dryouies the weight measuring dry earth, finally calculates the water cut of forming region material with spirit lamp.The similar structure of topography and geomorphology, pass through geotechnical engineering investigation, determine the topography and landform character at debris flow gully place, then on test unit, similar topography and geomorphology is built by process, mainly build simulation debris flow gully in the domatic angle of the longitudinal direction of forming region, debris flow gully length and forming region length etc., thus determine length, the degree of tilt of described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank and described debris flow formation region slurry tank.
Step 2, injects described slurry storage box, starts described steam piano by slurry mixture, make mud drop down onto in data acquisition board after described debris flow formation region slurry tank and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank successively;
Step 3, gathers the area of the mud dropped down onto on described collection plate, volume and distribution situation;
Step 4, adopt control variate method, one in the degree of tilt of the water percentage in single change slurry mixture in the mass ratio of sandstone, slurry mixture, the degree of tilt of described debris flow formation region slurry tank, described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank, described debris flow formation region slurry tank and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank groove in roughness, repeatedly repeats above-mentioned steps two and step 3.
The beneficial effect of employing such scheme is: this method contrasts by control variate method experiment, study the rubble flow not impact of factor on accumulation area (namely rubble flow directly the endangers district) scope of rubble flow of causing disaster such as jljl source water percentage, solid amount, forming region and Circulation Area length, forming region and Circulation Area longitudinal gradient angle, domatic roughness, there is the features such as simple to operate, easy to loading and unloading, Comparative result is clear, be applicable to the horizon prediction research of dissimilar state of debris flow disasters district, China mountain area.
Further, in described step 2, before the described steam piano of startup, drench described debris flow formation region slurry tank and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank with water.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to be: because Debris Flow is raw and between storm period, formation and Circulation Area channel surface are in dampness substantially, in order to more identical with actual conditions, reduce passage to the impact of debris flow formation, in physical simulation, before each test, all drench described debris flow formation region slurry tank and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 3 to 5 minutes with water.
Further, in described step 3, Debris Flow Deposition district transverse direction and longitudinal direction respectively choose multiple its thickness of detection, then on collection plate, draw the scope shape in Debris Flow Deposition district, rubble flow on collection plate is cleaned after drying, measure breadth extreme and maximum length, then the scope form scan in the Debris Flow Deposition district that collection plate is drawn is entered after in computer to calculate its area, then calculate the scope area in Debris Flow Deposition district;
So the computing formula of the thickness in Debris Flow Deposition district is:
In formula:
represent the average thickness of whole accumulation area, unit is m; h
irepresent the thickness of a certain test point, unit is m; N represents the number of test point;
Debris Flow Deposition body volume computing formula is:
in formula: V represents Debris Flow Deposition body volume, unit is m
3; S represents the area in whole Debris Flow Deposition district, and unit is m
2;
represent the average thickness of whole accumulation area, unit is m.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of test unit of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of test unit of the present invention, and in accompanying drawing, three test units are set up in parallel;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of data acquisition board of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of test method of the present invention;
In accompanying drawing, the list of parts representated by each label is as follows:
1, mud delivery valve, 2, slurry storage box, 3, steam piano, 4, roughness regulating course, 5, slurry tank measurement of angle instruction iron plate, 6, debris flow formation region slurry tank, 7, movable rubber strip, 8, flowing area of mud flow slurry tank, 9, coordinate paper, 10, base platform, 11, fluid-conveying pipe, 12, sleeper, 13, adjustable domatic, 14, plank, 15, level meter.
Embodiment
Be described principle of the present invention and feature below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, example, only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit scope of the present invention.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Fig. 3, a kind of controllable of the present invention is caused disaster the debris flows simulation test unit of factor, comprise steam piano 3, mud delivery valve 1, slurry storage box 2, fluid-conveying pipe 11, debris flow formation region slurry tank 6, movable rubber strip 7, flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8, base platform 10 and data acquisition board, described slurry storage box 2 is located in described base platform, described slurry storage box 2 is communicated with described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 by fluid-conveying pipe 11, described fluid-conveying pipe 11 is provided with described steam piano 3 and described mud delivery valve 1, described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 is communicated with by described movable rubber strip 7 with described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8, described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 are all obliquely installed, described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 are less than 90 ° with the angle of surface level, the bottom end opening of described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 is towards horizontally disposed data acquisition board.
Preferably, described fluid-conveying pipe 11 is deformable rubber tubing.
Preferably, described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 and/or described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 are for whole segmentation structure or for be detachably composed in series successively by multistage.
Preferably, the material of described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 and the material of described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 are steel plate.
Preferably, the groove face of described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 and/or described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 is equipped with roughness regulating course 4.
Preferably, described data acquisition board comprises horizontally disposed plank 14 and is laid on the coordinate paper 9 being painted with grid on described plank 14, and described plank 14 is provided with level meter 15.
Preferably, also comprise adjustable domatic 13, described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 and described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 are all located on described adjustable domatic 13.
Preferably, sleeper 12 is equipped with between described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 and described adjustable domatic 13 and between the bottom of described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 and described adjustable domatic 13.
Preferably, described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 and described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 are V-type groove, and the bottom of described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 and/or described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 is provided with slurry tank measurement of angle instruction iron plate 5 along the Width of its cell wall.
As shown in Figure 4, a kind of controllable of the present invention is caused disaster the debris flows simulation test method of factor, adopts the generation of the test unit simulation rubble flow described in the above-mentioned any one of the claims, comprises the following steps:
S01, prepares slurry mixture;
S02, injects described slurry storage box 2 by slurry mixture, start described steam piano 3, makes mud drop down onto in data acquisition board after described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 successively;
S03, gathers the area of the mud dropped down onto on described collection plate, volume and distribution situation;
S04, adopt control variate method, one in water percentage, the degree of tilt of described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6, the degree of tilt of described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8, described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 groove in single change slurry mixture in the mass ratio of sandstone, slurry mixture in roughness, repeatedly repeats above-mentioned S02 and S03.
Preferably, in described S02, before the described steam piano 3 of startup, drench described debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 with water.
Below for adopting above-mentioned test unit and test method to carry out the embodiment tested:
In the present embodiment, with certain rubble flow for research object, by engineering geology investigation on the spot, raceway groove deposit is based on big vast slide rock block stone, and deposit is formed primarily of full intense weathering soft rock and dirty sandstone rubble, structure is comparatively loose, maximum particle diameter reaches 1m, skewness, general particle diameter 1 ~ 50cm, mean grain size 10cm, in corner angle-subangular.Adopt the similar proportioning of 1:2000, coarse particle particle diameter should be got between 0.005mm ~ 0.5mm, sieves after drying, and the sandstone choosing certain particle diameter is used as the coarse particle of simulating rubble flow.As shown in Figure 2, three test units be set up in parallel are adopted to carry out the present embodiment test.
In the present embodiment, the longitudinal slope angle of debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 gets 3 °, and turn left from the right side 3 passages, the longitudinal slope angle of flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 gets 4 °, 8 °, 12 ° respectively, roughness regulating course 4 is plastic sheeting, and rubble flow grout material is 1000g mud+300g sand; Materialsing, to dry with spirit lamp the water percentage recording mixed liquor be 46.72%.Mixed liquor unit weight is 1389.77kg/m3.
In the present embodiment, adopt control variate method, change the water cut of rubble flow slurry, its dependent variable is constant studies the formation of rubble flow and each characterization parameter of rubble flow.So the longitudinal slope angle of debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 gets 3 °, turn left from the right side 3 passages, the longitudinal slope angle of flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 gets 4 °, 8 °, 12 ° respectively, and roughness regulating course 4 is plastic sheeting, and rubble flow material is 1000g mud+200g sand.Materialsing, to dry with spirit lamp the water percentage recording mixed liquor be 50.61%.Mixed liquor unit weight is 1345.91kg/m3.
In the present embodiment, adopt control variate method, change the water cut of rubble flow slurry, its dependent variable is constant studies the formation of rubble flow and each characterization parameter of rubble flow.So the longitudinal slope angle of debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 gets 3 °, turn left from the right side 3 passages, the longitudinal slope angle of flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 gets 4 °, 8 °, 12 ° respectively, and roughness regulating course 4 is plastic sheeting, and rubble flow material is 1000g mud+100g sand.Materialsing, to dry with spirit lamp the water percentage recording mixed liquor be 55.22%.Mixed liquor unit weight is 1298.84kg/m3.
In the present embodiment, adopt control variate method, change the longitudinal slope angle of debris flow formation region slurry tank 6, its dependent variable is constant studies the formation of rubble flow and each characterization parameter of rubble flow.So Far Left passage and the rightmost passage debris flow formation region longitudinal slope angle of slurry tank 6 get 6 °, and the longitudinal slope angle of flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 gets 4 °, 12 ° respectively, and roughness regulating course 4 is taken as plastic sheeting, and rubble flow material is 1000g mud+200g sand.
In the present embodiment, adopt control variate method, change the longitudinal slope angle of debris flow formation region slurry tank 6, its dependent variable is constant studies the formation of rubble flow and each characterization parameter of rubble flow.So Far Left passage and the rightmost passage debris flow formation region longitudinal slope angle of slurry tank 6 get 9 °, and the longitudinal slope angle of flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 gets 4 °, 12 ° respectively, and roughness regulating course 4 is taken as plastic sheeting, and rubble flow material is 1000g mud+200g sand.
In the present embodiment, adopt control variate method, change roughness in rubble flow slurry tank, its dependent variable is constant studies the formation of rubble flow and each characterization parameter of rubble flow.So Far Left passage and the rightmost passage debris flow formation region longitudinal slope angle of slurry tank 6 get 6 °, and the longitudinal slope angle of flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 gets 4 °, 12 ° respectively, and roughness regulating course 4 is taken as plank 14, and rubble flow material is 1000g mud+200g sand.
In the present embodiment, adopt control variate method, change roughness in rubble flow slurry tank, its dependent variable is constant studies the formation of rubble flow and each characterization parameter of rubble flow.So Far Left passage and the rightmost passage debris flow formation region longitudinal slope angle of slurry tank 6 get 9 °, and the longitudinal slope angle of flowing area of mud flow slurry tank 8 gets 4 °, 12 ° respectively, and roughness regulating course 4 is taken as plank 14, and rubble flow material is 1000g mud+200g sand.
By the comparative analysis of the present embodiment test findings, when taking water cut as variable quantity, obtain following analysis result: get Far Left debris flows simulation test slurry tank, when water percentage is 46.72%, rubble flow is stopping flowing apart from outlet 15.6cm place, Circulation Area; When water percentage is 50.61%, rubble flow, stopping flowing as can be seen here when opening family's ditch water percentage and being less than 50.61% apart from outlet 7.9cm place, Circulation Area, fails to form accumulation area.When water percentage is 54.6%, rubble flow flows out from Circulation Area outlet, and the scope of accumulation is less.Can infer that this debris flow gully rubble flow faces the critical moisture content of stream between 50.61% ~ 54.6% thus.The rubble flow of same water percentage is under the slope angle of different Circulation Areas, and the accumulation length of accumulation area is different, and forming region slope angle is larger, and accumulation length is longer.Under same passage, the accumulation area length of the debris flow formation of different water cut is different, and water percentage is larger, and accumulation length is longer.The rubble flow of same water percentage is under the slope angle of different Circulation Areas, and the width of accumulation area is different, and slope angle is larger, piles up width wider, but after reaching certain water percentage, piles up the reduction of width amplification.The rubble flow of different water cut is under same passage, and the width of accumulation area is different, and water percentage is larger, piles up width wider.Under same passage, the rubble flow of different water cut is comparatively large to the area effect of accumulation area, and water percentage is higher, and accumulation area area is larger.The passage of different Circulation Areas slope angle, rubble flow is different at the area of accumulation area, and Circulation Area slope angle is larger, and accumulation area Debris Flow Deposition area is larger.Under same passage, the rubble flow of different water cut is comparatively large on the impact of accumulation area length breadth ratio, and water percentage is higher, and length breadth ratio is larger.But for any passage, all there is a certain water percentage, when actual water percentage be greater than face stream water percentage and be less than a certain water percentage time, accumulation area be fan-shaped substantially, although in scope accumulation area area with water percentage increase and increase, length breadth ratio is close all the time; When actual water percentage is greater than a certain water percentage, accumulation area is ligulate substantially.And Circulation Area slope angle more hour, this water percentage is then larger.The passage of different Circulation Areas slope angle, rubble flow is different in the length breadth ratio of accumulation area, and Circulation Area slope angle is larger, and accumulation area Debris Flow Deposition length breadth ratio is larger, and is mainly reflected in the increase of length direction, and Width increases less.
By the comparative analysis of the present embodiment test findings, during with the longitudinal slope angle of debris flow formation region slurry tank 6 for variable quantity, obtain following analysis result: in Circulation Area slope angle is identical, flow velocity increases with the increase of forming region slope angle.But different with the slope angle of Circulation Area, the amount of increase is different.When the Circulation Area gradient one timing, the width of accumulation area increases with the increase of forming region slope angle, and when forming region slope angle is less than 6 °, Circulation Area slope angle is very little to accumulation area widths affect.Under same forming region slope angle, Circulation Area is that the accumulation width of 12 ° of slope angles is less than 4 °, Circulation Area slope angle.In same passage, the accumulation length of accumulation area increases with the increase of forming region slope angle.In different passages, under same forming region slope angle, Circulation Area is the accumulation length that the accumulation length of the accumulation area of 12 ° of slope angles is greater than the accumulation area of the 4 ° of slope angles in Circulation Area, and the accumulation effect length of the change of forming region slope angle to accumulation area is larger.When Circulation Area slope angle is identical, the area of accumulation area increases with the increase of forming region slope angle.In the Circulation Area passage of different slope angle, under same forming region slope angle, Circulation Area is that the stacked area of the accumulation area of 12 ° of slope angles is greater than Circulation Area slope angle 4 °.When Circulation Area slope angle is less, accumulation area length breadth ratio increases with forming region angle and increases, and after increasing to a certain angle, length breadth ratio remains unchanged substantially.When Circulation Area slope angle is larger, accumulation area length breadth ratio increases with forming region angle and increases, and when Circulation Area is 12 °, forming region is increased to 9 ° from 6 °, and length breadth ratio increases by 0.56, and the rate of rising is 0.19%; When forming region 9 °, Circulation Area is increased to 12 ° from 4 °, and length breadth ratio increases by 1.04, and the rate of rising is 0.13%, and forming region is more responsive than the increase of Circulation Area to length breadth ratio as can be seen here.
By the comparative analysis of the present embodiment test findings, with when in rubble flow slurry tank, roughness is for variable quantity, obtain following analysis result: under the slope angle the same terms of Circulation Area, accumulation area is piled up width and is reduced with the increase of friction factor, and the slope angle with forming region increases and increases; And forming region slope angle and Circulation Area slope angle less, the impact by friction factor is larger, show as pile up width less.When identical the and Circulation Area slope angle of forming region slope angle is different, piles up width and reduce with the increase of friction factor, the slope angle with Circulation Area increases and increases.And with the increase of Circulation Area slope angle, friction factor is less on the impact of piling up width.When slope angle identical forming region slope angle in Circulation Area is different, accumulation area is piled up length and is reduced with the increase of friction factor, and the slope angle with forming region increases and increases; And forming region slope angle, Circulation Area slope angle are less, accumulation area is piled up length and is subject to the impact of friction factor larger.When forming region slope angle identical Circulation Area slope angle is different, piles up length and reduce with the increase of friction factor, the slope angle with Circulation Area increases and increases.With the increase of Circulation Area slope angle, friction factor is less on the impact of piling up length.When slope angle identical forming region slope angle in Circulation Area is different, accumulation area area reduces with the increase of friction factor, and the slope angle with forming region increases and increases; Forming region slope angle, Circulation Area slope angle are less, and stacked area is larger by the impact of friction factor.Circulation Area slope angle is different and forming region slope angle is identical, and stacked area reduces with the increase of friction factor, and the slope angle with Circulation Area increases and increases.With the increase of Circulation Area slope angle, the impact of friction factor on stacked area is less.When forming region and Circulation Area slope angle all less time, length breadth ratio slightly reduces with the increase of friction factor, but reduce effect not obvious; When forming region and Circulation Area slope angle all larger time, length breadth ratio slightly increases with the increase of friction factor, but increase effect not obvious.Generally speaking, the impact of Circulation Area degree of roughness on length breadth ratio is not obvious.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a controllable is caused disaster the debris flows simulation test unit of factor, it is characterized in that, comprise steam piano (3), mud delivery valve (1), slurry storage box (2), fluid-conveying pipe (11), debris flow formation region slurry tank (6), movable rubber strip (7), flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8), base platform (10) and data acquisition board, described slurry storage box (2) is located in described base platform (10), described slurry storage box (2) is communicated with described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6) by fluid-conveying pipe (11), described fluid-conveying pipe (11) is provided with described steam piano (3) and described mud delivery valve (1), described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6) is communicated with by described movable rubber strip (7) with described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8), described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6) and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8) are all obliquely installed, described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6) and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8) are less than 90 ° with the angle of surface level, the bottom end opening of described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8) is towards horizontally disposed data acquisition board.
2. a kind of controllable according to claim 1 is caused disaster the debris flows simulation test unit of factor, and it is characterized in that, described fluid-conveying pipe (11) is deformable rubber tubing.
3. a kind of controllable according to claim 1 and 2 is caused disaster the debris flows simulation test unit of factor, it is characterized in that, the material of described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6) and the material of described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8) are steel plate, flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8) and/or described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6) are for whole segmentation structure or for be detachably composed in series successively by multistage slurry tank, the groove face of flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8) and/or described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6) is equipped with roughness regulating course (4).
4. a kind of controllable according to claim 1 and 2 is caused disaster the debris flows simulation test unit of factor, it is characterized in that, described data acquisition board comprises horizontally disposed plank (14) and is laid on the coordinate paper (9) being painted with grid on described plank (14).
5. a kind of controllable according to claim 1 and 2 is caused disaster the debris flows simulation test unit of factor, it is characterized in that, also comprise adjustable domatic (13), described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8) and described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6) are all located on described adjustable domatic (13).
6. a kind of controllable according to claim 5 is caused disaster the debris flows simulation test unit of factor, it is characterized in that, between described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8) and described adjustable domatic (13) and between the bottom of described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6) and described adjustable domatic (13), be equipped with sleeper (12).
7. a kind of controllable according to claim 5 is caused disaster the debris flows simulation test unit of factor, it is characterized in that, described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8) and described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6) are V-type groove, and the bottom of described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8) and/or described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6) is provided with slurry tank measurement of angle instruction iron plate (5) along the Width of its cell wall.
8. controllable is caused disaster a debris flows simulation test method for factor, it is characterized in that, adopts the generation of the test unit simulation rubble flow described in any one of the claims 1 to 7, comprises the following steps:
Step one, prepares slurry mixture;
Step 2, slurry mixture is injected described slurry storage box (2), start described steam piano (3), open mud delivery valve (1), make mud drop down onto in data acquisition board behind described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6) and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8) successively;
Step 3, gathers the area of the mud dropped down onto on described collection plate, volume and distribution situation;
Step 4, adopt control variate method, one in water percentage in single change slurry mixture in the mass ratio of sandstone, slurry mixture, the degree of tilt of described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6), the degree of tilt of described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8), described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6) and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8) groove in roughness, repeatedly repeats above-mentioned steps two and step 3.
9. a kind of controllable according to claim 8 is caused disaster the debris flows simulation test method of factor, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, front in the described steam piano of startup (3), drench described debris flow formation region slurry tank (6) and described flowing area of mud flow slurry tank (8) with water.
10. a kind of controllable according to claim 8 is caused disaster the debris flows simulation test method of factor, it is characterized in that, in described step 3, Debris Flow Deposition district transverse direction and longitudinal direction respectively choose multiple its thickness of detection, then on collection plate, draw the scope shape in Debris Flow Deposition district, rubble flow on collection plate is cleaned after drying, measure breadth extreme and maximum length, then the scope form scan in the Debris Flow Deposition district that collection plate is drawn is entered after in computer to calculate its area, then calculate the scope area in Debris Flow Deposition district;
So the computing formula of the thickness in Debris Flow Deposition district is:
In formula:
represent the average thickness of whole accumulation area, unit is m; h
irepresent the thickness of a certain test point, unit is m; N represents the number of test point;
Debris Flow Deposition body volume computing formula is:
in formula: V represents Debris Flow Deposition body volume, unit is m
3; S represents the area in whole Debris Flow Deposition district, and unit is m
2;
represent the average thickness of whole accumulation area, unit is m.
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