CN205333624U - Mud -rock flow collection river physical simulation test device - Google Patents
Mud -rock flow collection river physical simulation test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN205333624U CN205333624U CN201620089171.0U CN201620089171U CN205333624U CN 205333624 U CN205333624 U CN 205333624U CN 201620089171 U CN201620089171 U CN 201620089171U CN 205333624 U CN205333624 U CN 205333624U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a mud -rock flow collection river physical simulation test device, the horizontal low side of first mud -rock flow zhigou slot, the horizontal low side of second mud -rock flow zhigou slot, the horizontal low side of mud -rock flow tap drain formation region slot and the level of mud -rock flow tap drain circulating zone slot are high -end through mobile rubber tape fixed connection, still be equipped with the rainfall simulation device, variable river main stem groove of width and cistern are all established on removing strutting arrangement, the delivery port of cistern is connected with the one end in the variable river main stem groove of width, the other end in the variable river main stem groove of width is connected with the one end of V -notch weir, the horizontal low side of mud -rock flow tap drain circulating zone slot passes through the side intercommunication in mud -rock flow tap drain heap area slot and the variable river main stem groove of width, the utility model discloses can simulate the mud -rock flow and break out and converge the river process, study different solids sources, domatic angle, the river velocity of flow, mud -rock flow heap area and cross factor such as angle with the rivers river course and converge the influence in (blocking up) river to the mud -rock flow, it is easy and simple to handle.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to a kind of mud-rock flow and converges river physical analog test apparatus, belongs to Geological Engineering and Geotechnical Engineering field, particularly relates to simulation heavy rain and excites mud-rock flow generating process, mud-rock flow to converge the mechanism in (block up) river and influence factor etc. to study。
Background technology
Mud-rock flow refer on slope or in cheuch loose fines material saturated by heavy rain or accumulated snow, glacial ablation water institute, under gravity, along the special mighty torrent of one flowed in slope or cheuch, there is outburst suddenly, last of short duration, the feature such as break with tremendous force and destructive power is huge。And China is one of country that mud-rock flow is grown the most, quantity is maximum, harm is the most serious in the world。
And the life security that mud-rock flow remittance river induced disaster chain is likely to the property to country and the people causes serious threat, currently, research for mud-rock flow remittance (blocking up) river physical simulation experiment is also relatively fewer, most monitoring and pre-alarming methods for research mud-rock flow and debris flow testing process simulation devices etc.。As Chinese patent discloses " a kind of debris flow monitoring pre-warning system and method (application number publication No.: CN105096533A; publication date 2015.11.25) ", by constant resistance and large deformation anchor cable, piezoelectric type mechanics sensor, data acquisition and discharger, it is provided that the monitoring and warning of a kind of mud-rock flow and method。As Chinese patent discloses " a kind of viscous mud-flow experiment simulator (Authorization Notice No.: CN203955277; authorized announcement date: 2014.11.26) ", by motor, agitator, rotary strainer, bung, cylinder, mud pit, tank and accumulation plate etc., it is provided that the simulation test device of a kind of mud-rock flow。But all converge the research of (block up) river mechanism without reference to mud-rock flow, therefore, it is necessary to mud-rock flow is converged the forming process of disaster chain behind river and influence factor studies, provide a kind of reliable foundation to the improvement of mud-rock flow。
Utility model content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind of mud-rock flow remittance river physical analog test apparatus, it is possible to improve existing mud-rock flow physical analog test apparatus and method considers that remittance Jiang Yinsu is few, the problems such as remittance river result viewing is single。
The technical scheme that this utility model solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows: a kind of mud-rock flow remittance river physical analog test apparatus, including the first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove, mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove, mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove, variable-width river main stem groove, triangular-notch weir, cistern, rainfall simulator, data acquisition unit and Mobile support device, described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove is all obliquely installed, the horizontal low side of described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, the horizontal low side of the second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, high-end being fixed by movable rubber strip of level of horizontal low side and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove that described mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove is connected, described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove and described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove are separately positioned on described mud-rock flow tap drain and form the both sides of district's groove, described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described mud-rock flow tap drain forms the top of district's groove and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove and is equipped with described rainfall simulator, described variable-width river main stem groove and described cistern are each provided on described Mobile support device, the outlet of described cistern is connected with one end of described variable-width river main stem groove by movable rubber strip, the outlet of described cistern is provided with valve, the other end of described variable-width river main stem groove is connected with one end of described triangular-notch weir, the horizontal low side of described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove is connected with the side of described variable-width river main stem groove by described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove, described data acquisition unit is located at around described Mobile support device。
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: this utility model can simulate debris flow occurrence and river process of converging, by changing the first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, the second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, mud-rock flow tap drain form district groove, the gradient of mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove and the precipitation speed of rainfall simulator and cistern go out water speed, the factor impacts on mud-rock flow remittance (blocking up) river such as the different solids source of research, domatic angle, river flow velocity, Debris Flow Deposition district and rivers river course confluent angle, have easy and simple to handle, observation is simple, the feature that test result is various。
On the basis of technique scheme, this utility model can also do following improvement。
Further, the bottom of described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described mud-rock flow tap drain formation district's groove and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove is supported each through the hydraulic jack being uniformly arranged。
Above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to provide the benefit that: by hydraulic jack, the first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, the second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, mud-rock flow tap drain to be formed district's groove and mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove, the gradient of the first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, the second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, mud-rock flow tap drain formation district's groove and mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove is regulated by regulating the lifting of the hydraulic jack of diverse location, easy to operate。
Further, described rainfall simulator includes the first water pump, water pipe, shower nozzle and intelligent electromagnetic effusion meter, the input of described first water pump is connected with external water source, described water delivery side of pump is connected with one end of described water pipe, the link of described water pipe and described first water pump is provided with valve, described water pipe is supported by simulated rainfall system frame and is located at described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described mud-rock flow tap drain forms the top of district's groove and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove, described water pipe is communicated with the described shower nozzle being uniformly arranged, described intelligent electromagnetic effusion meter it is provided with between described shower nozzle and described water pipe。
Above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to provide the benefit that: to adopt the first water pump that water pipe is supplied water, in the control by intelligent electromagnetic effusion meter, realize the controllability of shower nozzle water yield, what can change rainfall simulator as required goes out water speed, effectively regulate and control rainfall and rainfall rate, the water content in mud-rock flow solids source is increased by lasting simulated rainfall, in this, as the condition bringing out mud-rock flow, when mud-rock flow can close simulated rainfall system to control the water content in mud-rock flow solids source after starting flowing, also simulated rainfall can be continued, continue to increase precipitation, and rainfall simulation system includes intelligent electromagnetic effusion meter, intelligent electromagnetic effusion meter can not only monitor the speed of current to control rainfall and rainfall rate, and rainfall rate can be played and effectively regulate and control action。The rainfall different by regulating different water velocity simulations, forms different size of mud-rock flow through rainfall in source area to artificially generated terrain, simulates the debris flow occurrence process under different rain fall with this。
Further, it is connected by described movable rubber strip between the horizontal low side of described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove with described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove, is connected by movable rubber strip between described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove and described variable-width river main stem groove。
Above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to provide the benefit that: mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove is connected with mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove and variable-width river main stem groove by movable rubber strip, not only can ensure that sealing, avoid leaking of junction, the angle changing between mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove and variable-width river main stem groove as required can be realized again。
Further, the water inlet of described cistern is connected by pipeline and the second water delivery side of pump, and the input of described second water pump is connected with external water source, and the pipeline between described cistern and described second water pump is provided with valve。
Above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to provide the benefit that: by the second water pump to glue in cistern, it is ensured that the abundance at water source in cistern。
Further, described variable-width river main stem groove includes two L-type frids, and the horizontal segment of two described L-type frids connects by overlapping buckle。
Above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to provide the benefit that: variable-width river main stem groove adopts the mode that two L-type frid overlap joint buckles connect, and facilitates the width adjusting of variable-width river main stem groove。
Further, described data acquisition unit includes high-speed camera, described high-speed camera is used for gathering described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove, image information in described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove and described variable-width river main stem groove, on the length direction of described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, on the length direction of described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described mud-rock flow tap drain is formed on the length direction of district's groove, it is equipped with length scale on the length direction of described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove and on the length direction of described variable-width river main stem groove, described variable-width river main stem groove is provided with deep calibration。
Above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to provide the benefit that: the setting of length scale, deep calibration and high-speed camera, convenient shooting mud-rock flow process, the mean flow rate of mud-rock flow can be calculated。
Further, described Mobile support device is supporting trolley, and described variable-width river main stem groove and described cistern are each provided at the top of described supporting trolley。
Above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to provide the benefit that: Mobile support device adopts supporting trolley, by the intersection angle of mobile supporting trolley scalable mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area ditch and variable-width river main stem groove。
Further, the material of described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described mud-rock flow tap drain formation district groove, described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove and described variable-width river main stem groove is steel。
Above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to provide the benefit that: adopting steel is that material is more firm。
Further, the bottom of described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove is provided with the sleeper for supporting。
Above-mentioned further scheme is adopted to provide the benefit that: the setting of sleeper can ensure that the stability of mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove。
A kind of mud-rock flow remittance river physical simulation experiment method, adopts assay device described above to test mud-rock flow remittance river, comprises the following steps:
Pass through the inspection of the scene of a crime, it is determined that the topography and landform character of debris flow gully, so that it is determined that described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove and described mud-rock flow tap drain form the gradient of district's groove；
Step one, prepare mud-rock flow solids source, and mud-rock flow solids source is deposited in described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove and described mud-rock flow tap drain are formed in district's groove, described mud-rock flow solids source is mainly the fine grained of solids source material, coarse granule, by investigating on the spot, prospecting, understand the distribution development characteristics of mud-rock flow, the size of rock in record debris flow gully, proportionally choose the suitable particle diameter solids source as mud-rock flow after convergent-divergent, find impure few, the earth that purity and viscosity are all high, with the coarse granule chosen by the particle diameter of actual ratio convergent-divergent, stir；
Step 2, open described rainfall simulator, water and mud-rock flow solids source is made to be mixed into mud, when mud closes described rainfall simulator after starting flowing, opening the valve of the outlet of described cistern, mud is flowed in described variable-width river main stem groove after sequentially passing through described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove, described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove；
Step 3, monitors in real time the flowing velocity of water and the mixture in mud-rock flow solids source and accumulation area scope and stacking volume, the mud in described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove is acquired and detects its water content；By simulated rainfall system, give the essential condition of debris flow occurrence, bring out breaking out of mud-rock flow, after debris flow occurrence, carry out data monitoring in the process, mainly include speed monitoring and accumulation area scope and volume monitoring。Speed monitoring adopts high-speed camera record mud-rock flow to enter accumulation area to the time flowing out accumulation area, can obtain accumulation area mean flow rate by length divided by this time。River course accumulation body scope and volume monitoring。The accumulation body degree of depth, water level harmony height is observed by the mounted tape measure in edge, river course。The width of accumulation body and length record according to on-the-spot tape measure。The stifled form in river of accumulation body and the water level up and down of accumulation body, by high definition camera hourly observation, in selected part deposit source, Debris Flow Deposition district, carry out the measurement of water content。Divide three times and measure the water content forming district's materials, average。Measuring method: first weigh the formation district material of certain mass, then dryout the weight measuring dry earth with alcohol burner, finally calculates the water content forming district's material；Data compilation, carries out the mechanism in mud-rock flow remittance river and the correlational study of influence factor and analysis according to the data monitored。According to testing gathered data, draw mud amount Qm(ml), sand quality Qn(g), confluence volume V (cm3), harmony high water level HWThe form of (m), the confluent angle at mud-rock flow and angle, main river and the graph of a relation of accumulation body, the graph of a relation of main ruisseau and debris flow velocity ratio, flow-rate ratio and accumulation body, the graph of a relation of mud-rock flow mixture moisture content and accumulation body, once enter to converge solid matter total amount graph of a relation with accumulation body etc.。
Step 4, adopt control variate method, the inclination angle of single change the first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, the inclination angle of the second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, described mud-rock flow tap drain forms the inclination angle of district's groove, the inclination angle of described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove, described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove and described mud-rock flow tap drain form the angle between district's groove, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove and described mud-rock flow tap drain form the angle between district's groove, the precipitation speed of described rainfall simulator and the one gone out in water speed of cistern, repeat the above steps one, step 2 and step 3。
Such scheme is adopted to provide the benefit that: this utility model can simulate debris flow occurrence and river process of converging, by changing the first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove, the gradient of mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove and the precipitation speed of rainfall simulator and cistern go out water speed, the different solids source of research, domatic angle, river flow velocity, the impact on mud-rock flow remittance (blocking up) river of the factors such as Debris Flow Deposition district and rivers river course confluent angle, have easy and simple to handle, observation is simple, the feature that test result is various。
Further, in described step 3, in described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove, the detection of the water content of mud includes first weighing mud in the mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove of certain mass, then dryouies the weight measuring dry earth with alcohol burner, finally calculates the water content forming district's material。
When the stacking solids source that mud-rock flow Zhigou groove and mud-rock flow tap drain form district's groove starts to flow, whole process with high-speed camera record mud-rock flow, record mud-rock flow is from starting to time t used by accumulation area, slurry tank length L is known, and slurry tank is carved with scale, the time t' of a certain segment distance L' of slurry tank is passed through by high-speed camera record mud-rock flow slurry。
So the computing formula of the average speed in the whole process of mud-rock flow is: v=L/t。
In formula: v represents the average speed in the whole process of mud-rock flow, unit is m/s。
L represents slurry tank length, and unit is m。
T represents that mud-rock flow is from starting to the time used by accumulation area, and unit is s。
The computing formula of the average speed in a certain segment distance of mud-rock flow is: v'=L'/t'。
In formula: v' represents the average speed in a certain segment distance, unit is m/s。
L' represents a certain segment distance length, and unit is m。
T' mud-rock flow is by the time used by a certain segment distance, and unit is s。
In this utility model, V-type is formed district's slurry tank longitudinally domatic angle and is controlled by hydraulic jack, then passes through the concrete numerical value that the instruments such as compass are determined。
Further, in order to better realize this utility model, mud-rock flow groove angle is variable, and two block plates of composition mud-rock flow groove are connected by rolling bearing and change the angle of mud-rock flow groove。
In this utility model, there is a mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove in the trivial beneath trenches of V-type mud-rock flow tap drain circulation, as the accumulation area of mud-rock flow。After debris flows simulation process terminates, wait for a period of time, after mud-rock flow is piled up in accumulation area groove and is stablized, Debris Flow Deposition district transverse direction and longitudinal direction are chosen n point and measures its thickness, it is inserted perpendicularly into Debris Flow Deposition district by pin, then on pin, write down mark, insert the length of accumulation area by measuring pin, the thickness h in Debris Flow Deposition district of certain point place can be obtained1, h2, h3..., hn。U-shaped mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area trench length is l, and width is d。
So the computing formula of the thickness in Debris Flow Deposition district is:
In formula:Representing the average thickness of whole accumulation area, unit is m。
hiRepresenting the thickness of a certain test point, unit is m。
N represents the number of test point。
The computing formula of Debris Flow Deposition district area: S=l*d。
In formula: S represents the area in whole Debris Flow Deposition district, unit is m2。
L represents U-shaped mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area trench length, and unit is m。
D represents U-shaped mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove width, and unit is m。
Debris Flow Deposition body volume computing formula is: V=S*h
In formula: V represents Debris Flow Deposition district groove accumulation body volume, and unit is m3。
S represents the area of accumulation body in whole Debris Flow Deposition district groove, and unit is m2。
H represents the average thickness of whole accumulation area, and unit is m。
In this utility model, the stacked area of Ru Hui river, mud-rock flow solids source main stem and accumulation body volume, by judging the forms of motion of the mud-rock flow into remittance, then available volume ruler measurement enters to converge the length of accumulation body, width, measure the average thickness of accumulation body with pin, then calculate into the area of remittance mud-rock flow, volume etc.。And mud-rock flow exit or entrance of a clitch section flow can pass through formula calculating and obtain, formula is as follows: Q=vnbHn
In formula: vnRepresenting that mud-rock flow section enters speed of confluxing, unit is m/s。
Q represents exit or entrance of a clitch section flow, and unit is m3/s。
B represents the width at the exit or entrance of a clitch, and unit is m。
HnRepresenting that the average mud of mud-rock flow is deep, unit is m。
In this utility model, U-shaped river main stem width is variable, connects by overlapping buckle, is provided with the buckle groove of 3 different in width, changes river main stem width, and buckle need to use adhesive waterproof tape when connecting, in case leak-stopping water。Go out to be placed with a triangular-notch weir at main stem end, river, the flow in river can be calculated by measuring the height of triangular-notch weir。It is connected with a cistern at the beginning position of river main stem, can give one, river stable flow。
Triangular-notch weir flow rate calculation formula:
In formula: Q represents flow (L/S)；
H represents weir flow height, and unit is cm。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the top view of this utility model assay device；
Fig. 2 is the side view of this utility model assay device；
Fig. 3 is the connection diagram of water pipe, shower nozzle and intelligent electromagnetic effusion meter in rainfall simulator in this utility model assay device；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of variable-width river main stem in this utility model assay device；
In accompanying drawing, the list of parts representated by each label is as follows:
1, first water pump, 2, first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, 3, second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove, 4, Mobile support device, 5, rainfall simulator, 6, water pipe, 7, movable rubber strip, 8, mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove, 9, the mud-rock flow tap drain trivial groove of circulation, 10, mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove, 11, variable-width river main stem, 12, triangular-notch weir, 13, cistern, 14, high-speed camera, 15, valve, 16, shower nozzle, 17, intelligent electromagnetic effusion meter, 18, simulated rainfall system frame, 19, hydraulic jack, 20, sleeper, 21, second water pump, 22, L-type frid。
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, principle of the present utility model and feature being described, example is served only for explaining this utility model, is not intended to limit scope of the present utility model。
Such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, shown in Fig. 4, this utility model assay device includes the first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2, second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3, mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove 8, mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9, mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove 10, variable-width river main stem groove 11, triangular-notch weir 12, cistern 13, rainfall simulator 5, data acquisition unit and Mobile support device 4, described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2, second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3, described mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove 8 and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9 is all obliquely installed, the described first horizontal low side of mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2, the horizontal low side of the second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3, high-end being fixed by movable rubber strip 7 of level of horizontal low side and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9 that described mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove 8 is connected, described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2 and described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3 are separately positioned on described mud-rock flow tap drain and form the both sides of district's groove 8, described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3, described mud-rock flow tap drain forms the top of district's groove 8 and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9 and is equipped with described rainfall simulator 5, described variable-width river main stem groove 11 and described cistern 13 are each provided on described Mobile support device 4, the outlet of described cistern 13 is connected with one end of described variable-width river main stem groove 11, the outlet of described cistern 13 is provided with valve 15, the other end of described variable-width river main stem groove 11 is connected with one end of described triangular-notch weir 12, the horizontal low side of described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9 is connected with the side of described variable-width river main stem groove 11 by described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove 10, described data acquisition unit is located at described Mobile support device 4 around。
Described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3, described mud-rock flow tap drain form the bottom of district's groove 8 and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9 and are supported each through the hydraulic jack 19 being uniformly arranged。Described rainfall simulator 5 includes the first water pump 1, water pipe 6, shower nozzle 16 and intelligent electromagnetic effusion meter 17, the input of described first water pump 1 is connected with external water source, described water delivery side of pump is connected with one end of described water pipe 6, the link of described water pipe 6 and described first water pump 1 is provided with valve 15, described water pipe 6 is supported by simulated rainfall system frame 18 and is located at described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2, second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3, described mud-rock flow tap drain forms the top of district's groove 8 and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9, described water pipe 6 is communicated with the described shower nozzle 16 being uniformly arranged, described intelligent electromagnetic effusion meter 17 it is provided with between described shower nozzle 16 and described water pipe 6。It is connected by described movable rubber strip 7 between the horizontal low side of described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9 with described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove 10, is connected by movable rubber strip 7 between described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove 10 and described variable-width river main stem groove 11。Described cistern 13 is connected by the outfan of pipeline and the second water pump 21, and the input of described second water pump 21 is connected with external water source, and the pipeline between described cistern 13 and described second water pump 21 is provided with valve 15。Described variable-width river main stem groove 11 includes two L-type frids 22, and the horizontal segment of two described L-type frids 22 connects by overlapping buckle 23。Described data acquisition unit includes high-speed camera 14, described high-speed camera 14 is used for gathering described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3, described mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove 8, image information in described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9 and described variable-width river main stem groove 11, on the length direction of described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2, on the length direction of described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3, described mud-rock flow tap drain is formed on the length direction of district's groove 8, it is equipped with length scale on the length direction of described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9 and on the length direction of described variable-width river main stem groove 11, described variable-width river main stem groove 11 is provided with deep calibration。Described Mobile support device 4 is supporting trolley, and described variable-width river main stem groove 11 and described cistern 13 are each provided at the top of described supporting trolley。Described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3, described mud-rock flow tap drain form the material of district's groove 8, described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9 and described variable-width river main stem groove 11 and are steel。The bottom of described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove 10 is provided with the sleeper 20 for supporting。First mud-rock flow Zhigou groove the 2, second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3, mud-rock flow tap drain form district groove 8, the angle of mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9 is variable, form first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove the 2, second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3, mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove 8, two block plates of mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9 change the angle of mud-rock flow groove by rolling bearing。
This utility model test method, for adopting assay device described above to test mud-rock flow remittance river, comprises the following steps:
Step one, described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3 and described mud-rock flow tap drain are set and form the gradient of district's groove 8, pass through the inspection of the scene of a crime, determine the topography and landform character of debris flow gully, so that it is determined that described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3 and described mud-rock flow tap drain form the gradient of district's groove 8；
Step 2, prepare mud-rock flow solids source, and mud-rock flow solids source is deposited in described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3 and described mud-rock flow tap drain are formed in district's groove 8, described mud-rock flow solids source is mainly the fine grained of solids source material, coarse granule, by investigating on the spot, prospecting, understand the distribution development characteristics of mud-rock flow, the size of rock in record debris flow gully, proportionally choose the suitable particle diameter solids source as mud-rock flow after convergent-divergent, find impure few, the earth that purity and viscosity are all high, with the coarse granule chosen by the particle diameter of actual ratio convergent-divergent, stir；
Step 3, open described rainfall simulator 5, water and mud-rock flow solids source is made to be mixed into mud, when mud closes described rainfall simulator 5 after starting flowing, opening the valve 15 of the outlet of described cistern 13, mud is flowed in described variable-width river main stem groove 11 after sequentially passing through described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9, described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove 10；
Step 4, monitors in real time the flowing velocity of water and the mixture in mud-rock flow solids source and accumulation area scope and stacking volume, the mud in described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove 10 is acquired and detects its water content；By simulated rainfall system, give the essential condition of debris flow occurrence, bring out breaking out of mud-rock flow, after debris flow occurrence, carry out data monitoring in the process, mainly include speed monitoring and accumulation area scope and volume monitoring。Speed monitoring adopts high-speed camera 14 to record mud-rock flow and enters accumulation area to the time flowing out accumulation area, can obtain accumulation area mean flow rate by length divided by this time。River course accumulation body scope and volume monitoring。The accumulation body degree of depth, water level harmony height is observed by the mounted tape measure in edge, river course。The width of accumulation body and length record according to on-the-spot tape measure。The stifled form in river of accumulation body and the water level up and down of accumulation body, by high definition camera hourly observation, in selected part deposit source, Debris Flow Deposition district, carry out the measurement of water content。Divide three times and measure the water content forming district's materials, average。Measuring method: first weigh the formation district material of certain mass, then dryout the weight measuring dry earth with alcohol burner, finally calculates the water content forming district's material；Data compilation, carries out the mechanism in mud-rock flow remittance river and the correlational study of influence factor and analysis according to the data monitored。According to testing gathered data, draw mud amount (ml), chiltern amount (g), confluence volume (cm3), the form of harmony high water level (m), the confluent angle at mud-rock flow and angle, main river and the graph of a relation of accumulation body, the graph of a relation of main ruisseau and debris flow velocity ratio, flow-rate ratio and accumulation body, the graph of a relation of mud-rock flow mixture moisture content and accumulation body, once enters to converge solid matter total amount graph of a relation with accumulation body etc.。
Step 5, adopt control variate method, the inclination angle of single change the first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2, the inclination angle of the second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3, described mud-rock flow tap drain forms the inclination angle of district's groove 8, the inclination angle of described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9, described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2 and described mud-rock flow tap drain form the angle between district's groove 8, described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3 and described mud-rock flow tap drain form the angle between district's groove 8, the precipitation speed of described rainfall simulator 5 and the one gone out in water speed of cistern 13, repeat the above steps two, step 3 and step 4。
In described step 4, in described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove 10, the detection of the water content of mud includes first weighing mud in the mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove 10 of certain mass, then dryout the weight measuring dry earth with alcohol burner, finally calculate the water content forming district's material。
In embodiment of the present utility model, with certain mud-rock flow for object of study, being investigated by engineering geology on the spot, obtain raceway groove deposit many based on block rubble and erratic boulder, particle diameter is generally 1～50cm, and maximum particle diameter is reaching 2m。Considering the grain composition practical situation of field condition on the one hand, Types of Debris Flow is viscous mud-flow, the stone that Particulate Inclusion is bigger simultaneously；Consider outdoor experiment condition on the other hand, take grain diameter by the 1:1000 likelihood ratio, coarse granule particle diameter should take between 0.63mm～5mm, so both can ensure that particle size range and grating similarity that mud-rock flow carries, simultaneously it is also ensured that in whole experimentation will not because particle diameter is excessive clogging experimental device, the too small rheological behavior affecting mud-rock flow of particle diameter。By sieving after drying, the sandstone choosing certain particle diameter is used as the coarse granule of simulation mud-rock flow。
In the present embodiment, first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 2 and the second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3 tilt 45 °, mud-rock flow tap drain forms 15 ° of groove 8 inclination angle, district, 13 ° of groove 9 inclination angle, mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area, 6 ° of mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove 10 inclination angle, roughness change material is plank, a set of mud-rock flow remittance river induced disaster chain physical simulating device is similarly simulated according to actual landform, it has possessed the source area of mud-rock flow, Circulation Area, accumulation area, it is possible to actual landform when good simulation mud-rock flow occurs。。
Experimental provision is stacked mud-rock flow solids source, first finds impure few, that purity and viscosity are all high earth, weigh the soil of certain mass, weigh the coarse granule of certain mass, mixing and stirring according to grain composition on the spot, be deposited in mud-rock flow Zhigou and mud-rock flow tap drain is formed in district's groove 8。By simulated rainfall system, give the essential condition of debris flow occurrence, bring out breaking out of mud-rock flow。
After debris flow occurrence, carry out data monitoring in the process, mainly include speed monitoring and accumulation area scope and volume monitoring。Speed monitoring adopts high-speed camera 14 to record mud-rock flow and enters accumulation area to the time flowing out accumulation area, can obtain accumulation area mean flow rate by length divided by this time。River course accumulation body scope and volume monitoring。The accumulation body degree of depth, water level harmony height is observed by the mounted tape measure in edge, river course。The width of accumulation body and length record according to on-the-spot tape measure。The stifled form in river of accumulation body and the water level up and down of accumulation body are by high definition camera hourly observation。Then in selected part deposit source, Debris Flow Deposition district, the measurement of water content is carried out。Divide three groups to measure the water content forming district's materials, average。Measuring method: first weigh the formation district material of certain mass, then dryout the weight measuring dry earth with alcohol burner, finally calculates the water content forming district's material。
By control variate method in experimentation, change affect mud-rock flow converge river principal element confluent angle, mud-rock flow and the flow-rate ratio in main river, velocity ratio, once enter to converge solid matter total amount etc., study the mechanism in rock glacier remittance river。
Relative analysis by the present embodiment result of the test, entering to converge under mud-rock flow unit weight same case, increase along with confluent angle, confluence accumulation body volume increases, in other words, if main river flow is certain, then along with the increase of confluent angle, required solids source, stifled river will reduce along with the increase of confluent angle。When confluent angle is less, along with confluent angle increases, accumulation body volume change is less, and from section, mud-rock flow slips into the formation of main river and slips into dam, and from plane, accumulation body form is local accumulation。When confluent angle is bigger, along with confluent angle increases, accumulation body volume change is bigger。When confluent angle is 90 °, mud-rock flow slips into main river, raises riverbed, and a large amount of solid matters are piled up in river course, illustrates that confluent angle be 90 ° is the condition being easiest to be formed stifled river。
By the relative analysis of the present embodiment result of the test, for velocity ratio, big flow velocity represents the mud-rock flow short period and passes through main river, it is ensured that mud-rock flow structure can lack acceptor river water erosion and interference。Velocity ratio is equivalent to mud-rock flow strength conception, and velocity ratio is more little, and the effect of main river is more weak, and accumulation body is more easily formed。For flow-rate ratio, under other condition the same terms, flow-rate ratio is more big, and main river souring is more strong, and accumulation body more is difficult to be formed。
By the relative analysis of the present embodiment result of the test, when solids source is constant, mud-rock flow mixture moisture content is less, and stifled river is more obvious。This is because when sufficient thing source, water source is more many, mud-rock flow is more easily carried silt, and raceway groove accumulation body is more few, but when water content exceedes certain certain value, opposite bank, mud-rock-flow-impact main river, again can retroaction accumulation body, cause accumulation body partial particulate to run off。
The solid amount that once enters to converge represents that mudstone flows into and flows into solids source, main river total amount when converging, and this parameter is both relevant with the own mobility of the cheuch gradient, roughness and mud-rock flow, relevant with thing source total amount and rainfall again。Mudstone flow into converge after, residual fraction accumulation body in Circulation Area, accumulation area, in confluence, taken away partial particulate by main river again, this result in actual tests be once enter to converge solid amount be difficult to measure。For convenient contrast, replace once entering to converge solid amount by solids source total amount。
By the relative analysis of the present embodiment result of the test, in equal water yield situation, solids source total amount is better with accumulation body volume dependency, substantially linear, and also other influences factor is bigger relatively for its increasing degree。The present embodiment once enters to converge the solid amount relation with confluence accumulation body with the relation side reflection of solids source total amount and confluence accumulation body。Under sufficient water condition, for same mud-rock flow, the solid amount that once enters to converge is more big, imports river course accumulation body more many, is more prone to stifled river。
This utility model can simulate debris flow occurrence and river process of converging, by changing first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove the 2, second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove 3, mud-rock flow tap drain forms district groove 8, the gradient of mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove 9 and the precipitation speed of rainfall simulator 5 and cistern 13 go out water speed, the factor impacts on mud-rock flow remittance (blocking up) river such as the different solids source of research, domatic angle, river flow velocity, Debris Flow Deposition district and rivers river course confluent angle, have easy and simple to handle, observation is simple, the feature that test result is various。
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, not in order to limit this utility model, all within spirit of the present utility model and principle, any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within protection domain of the present utility model。
Claims (10)
1. a mud-rock flow remittance river physical analog test apparatus, it is characterized in that, including the first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (2), second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (3), mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove (8), mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove (9), mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove (10), variable-width river main stem groove (11), triangular-notch weir (12), cistern (13), rainfall simulator (5), data acquisition unit and Mobile support device (4), described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (2), described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (3), described mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove (8) and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove (9) is all obliquely installed, the horizontal low side of described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (2), the horizontal low side of the second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (3), high-end being fixed by movable rubber strip (7) of level of horizontal low side and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove (9) that described mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove (8) is connected, described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (2) and described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (3) are separately positioned on described mud-rock flow tap drain and form the both sides in district's groove (8), described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (2), described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (3), described mud-rock flow tap drain forms the top of district's groove (8) and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove (9) and is equipped with described rainfall simulator (5), described variable-width river main stem groove (11) and described cistern (13) are each provided on described Mobile support device (4), the outlet of described cistern (13) is connected with one end of described variable-width river main stem groove (11) by movable rubber strip (7), the outlet of described cistern (13) is provided with valve (15), the other end of described variable-width river main stem groove (11) is connected with one end of described triangular-notch weir (12), the horizontal low side of described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove (9) is connected with the side of described variable-width river main stem groove (11) by described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove (10), described data acquisition unit is located at described Mobile support device (4) around。
2. a kind of mud-rock flow remittance river according to claim 1 physical analog test apparatus, it is characterized in that, described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (2), described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (3), described mud-rock flow tap drain form the bottom of district's groove (8) and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove (9) and are supported each through the hydraulic jack (19) being uniformly arranged。
3. a kind of mud-rock flow remittance river according to claim 1 and 2 physical analog test apparatus, it is characterized in that, described rainfall simulator (5) includes the first water pump (1), water pipe (6), shower nozzle (16) and intelligent electromagnetic effusion meter (17), the input of described first water pump (1) is connected with external water source, the outfan of described first water pump (1) is connected with one end of described water pipe (6), the link of described water pipe (6) and described first water pump (1) is provided with valve (15), described water pipe (6) is supported by simulated rainfall system frame (18) and is located at described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (2), second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (3), described mud-rock flow tap drain forms the top of district's groove (8) and described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove (9), described water pipe (6) is communicated with the described shower nozzle (16) being uniformly arranged, the water spraying direction of described shower nozzle (16) is downward, described intelligent electromagnetic effusion meter (17) it is provided with between described shower nozzle (16) and described water pipe (6)。
4. a kind of mud-rock flow remittance river according to claim 1 and 2 physical analog test apparatus, it is characterized in that, it is connected by described movable rubber strip (7) between the horizontal low side of described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove (9) with described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove (10), is connected by movable rubber strip (7) between described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove (10) with described variable-width river main stem groove (11)。
5. a kind of mud-rock flow remittance river according to claim 1 and 2 physical analog test apparatus, it is characterized in that, the water inlet of described cistern (13) is connected by the outfan of pipeline and the second water pump (21), the input of described second water pump (21) is connected with external water source, and the pipeline between described cistern (13) and described second water pump (21) is provided with valve (15)。
6. a kind of mud-rock flow remittance river according to claim 1 and 2 physical analog test apparatus, it is characterized in that, described variable-width river main stem groove (11) includes two L-type frids (22), and the horizontal segment of two described L-type frids (22) connects by overlapping buckle (23)。
7. a kind of mud-rock flow remittance river according to claim 1 and 2 physical analog test apparatus, it is characterized in that, described data acquisition unit includes high-speed camera (14), described high-speed camera (14) is used for gathering described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (2), described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (3), described mud-rock flow tap drain forms district's groove (8), image information in described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove (9) and described variable-width river main stem groove (11), on the length direction of described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (2), on the length direction of described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (3), described mud-rock flow tap drain is formed on the length direction in district's groove (8), it is equipped with length scale on the length direction of described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove (9) and on the length direction of described variable-width river main stem groove (11), described variable-width river main stem groove (11) is provided with deep calibration。
8. a kind of mud-rock flow remittance river according to claim 1 and 2 physical analog test apparatus, it is characterized in that, described Mobile support device (4) is supporting trolley, and described variable-width river main stem groove (11) and described cistern (13) are each provided at the top of described supporting trolley。
9. a kind of mud-rock flow remittance river according to claim 1 and 2 physical analog test apparatus, it is characterized in that, described first mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (2), described second mud-rock flow Zhigou groove (3), described mud-rock flow tap drain form the material of district's groove (8), described mud-rock flow tap drain Circulation Area groove (9) and described variable-width river main stem groove (11) and are steel。
10. a kind of mud-rock flow remittance river according to claim 1 and 2 physical analog test apparatus, it is characterised in that the bottom of described mud-rock flow tap drain accumulation area groove (10) is provided with the sleeper (20) for supporting。
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| CN201620089171.0U CN205333624U (en) | 2016-01-28 | 2016-01-28 | Mud -rock flow collection river physical simulation test device |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105527405A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-04-27 | 西南石油大学 | Physical simulation test device and method for convergence of debris flows into rivers |
| CN111627279A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-09-04 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | Test system for simulating whole process of landslide and debris flow disaster chain |
| CN115638832A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-01-24 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | River slope thing source monitoring devices |
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2016
- 2016-01-28 CN CN201620089171.0U patent/CN205333624U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105527405A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-04-27 | 西南石油大学 | Physical simulation test device and method for convergence of debris flows into rivers |
| CN111627279A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-09-04 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | Test system for simulating whole process of landslide and debris flow disaster chain |
| CN115638832A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-01-24 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | River slope thing source monitoring devices |
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