CN105506957B - 一种二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的制备方法,首先使用溶胀剂对羊毛纤维进行超声软化溶胀处理,然后将溶胀了的羊毛纤维浸泡在二氧化钛前驱体处理液中,通过超声振荡加速前驱体溶液渗透进入羊毛纤维内部,最后经水热处理使得二氧化钛结晶固着在羊毛纤维内部,而二氧化钛的进一步生长在羊毛纤维表面形成一层牢固的保护膜。本发明方法得到的改性羊毛光催化活性更高,制备工艺简单,生产成本低,对羊毛纤维损伤较小。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能纺织材料技术领域,具体涉及一种二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的制备方法。
背景技术
二氧化钛无毒,性质稳定,抗化学和光腐蚀,光催化活性高,对水污染物中有机物降解没有选择性,矿化比较彻底,不会造成二次污染,是当前最受重视和极具应用前景的光催化材料。基于它的透明性和紫外线屏蔽功能,二氧化钛主要用在防晒护肤、塑料薄膜制品、透明耐用面漆和精细陶瓷等方面。在纺织工业中,通常人们采用液相法来制备纳米二氧化钛,然后将其包覆到纤维或织物表面,或直接将生成的纳米二氧化钛负载到纤维表面,可以用来去除空气中的氮氧化合物或含硫化合物,还原水中的部分重金属离子,同时兼具紫外线防护和抗菌除臭功能。羊毛纤维弹性好,吸湿性强,保暖性好,富含角蛋白氨基酸,但长时间光辐照容易泛黄变色,影响使用效果。虽然可以将纳米二氧化钛包覆在羊毛纤维表面,最大限度地发挥光催化活性,但由于羊毛纤维表面具有一层十分致密的鳞片层,因此纳米二氧化钛很难渗入到纤维内部,从而会影响二氧化钛与纤维基体之间的结合牢度。目前有关将纳米二氧化钛渗入到羊毛纤维内部的相关技术还未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的制备方法,使二氧化钛渗入到羊毛纤维内部,解决了现有纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维中二氧化钛与纤维基体之间的结合牢度差的问题。
本发明所采用的技术方案为,一种二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1,将洗净的羊毛纤维浸泡在一定浓度的溴化锂溶液中,于80℃~90℃条件下浸泡2~6h,同时每隔一段时间进行超声振荡处理,取出后挤净多余水分,得溶胀后的羊毛纤维;
步骤2,将步骤1所得羊毛纤维放入到无水乙醇中浸泡20~40min,重复1~3次,随后将其浸泡在二氧化钛前驱体处理液中,超声振荡处理后浸泡12~24h;
步骤3,对步骤2处理后的羊毛纤维进行水煮、清洗和烘干,即得改性羊毛纤维。
本发明的特征还在于,
步骤1中,洗净羊毛纤维与溴化锂溶液的用量为浴比1:50~100。
溴化锂溶液的浓度为50~300g/L。
步骤1中,超声振荡处理时间间隔为1h,每次采用频率为40KHz、功率300W超声振荡器超声10~20min。
步骤2中,二氧化钛前驱体处理液为钛酸四丁酯与无水乙醇按体积比1:10~30的混合液。
羊毛与二氧化钛前驱体处理液的浴比为1:30~50。
步骤2中,超声振荡处理处理过程为:在频率40KHz、功率300W条件下超声振荡20~40min。
步骤3的具体过程为:将羊毛纤维放入到去离子水中,在100℃条件下处理30~60min;随后用无水乙醇浸泡10~20min,然后用去离子水进行反复清洗,于50℃~80℃条件下烘干。
本发明的有益效果是,利用溴化锂溶液对羊毛纤维进行溶胀处理,随后浸泡二氧化钛前驱体处理液,在浓度梯度和超声波的双重作用下,钛酸四丁酯顺利深入羊毛纤维内部,随后经过沸水处理,羊毛纤维内部残留和表面附着的钛酸四丁酯晶化生成二氧化钛晶粒,从而牢固地与羊毛纤维发生结合。采用本发明方法得到的纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维光催化活性更高,制备工艺简单,生产成本低,对羊毛纤维损伤较小。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例3所得改性羊毛纤维的纵向扫描电镜照片;
图2为本发明实施例3所得改性羊毛纤维的横截面的元素面扫描电镜照片;
图3为未处理羊毛纤维和本发明实施例3所得改性羊毛纤维的X射线衍射谱图;
图4为未处理羊毛纤维和本发明实施例3所得改性羊毛纤维的取向度谱图;
图5为未处理羊毛纤维和本发明实施例3所得改性羊毛纤维的热失重曲线;
图6为未处理羊毛和本发明实施例3所得改性羊毛纤维的漫反射光谱曲线;
图7为本发明对比例和实施例3所得羊毛纤维的可见光辐照光催化降解亚甲基蓝染料结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明一种二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的制备方法,首先使用溶胀剂对羊毛纤维进行超声软化溶胀处理,然后将溶胀了的羊毛纤维浸泡在二氧化钛前驱体处理液中,通过超声振荡加速前驱体溶液渗透进入羊毛纤维内部,最后经水热处理使得二氧化钛结晶固着在羊毛纤维内部,而二氧化钛的进一步生长在羊毛纤维表面形成一层牢固的保护膜,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1,将洗净的羊毛纤维浸泡在一定浓度的溴化锂溶液中,每隔一段时间进行超声振荡处理:
1)按照质量百分比浓度50~300g/L配置溴化锂溶液;
2)按照浴比1:50~100,称取洗净羊毛纤维,将羊毛纤维放入到1)配制好的溴化锂溶液中,于80℃~90℃条件下浸泡2~6h,同时每隔1h用频率40KHz、功率300W超声振荡器超声10~20min。
步骤2,将溶胀了的羊毛纤维浸泡在二氧化钛前驱体处理液中,超声振荡处理后浸泡一定时间:
1)将步骤1中的2)浸泡好的羊毛纤维取出,挤净多余水分,然后放入到无水乙醇溶液中浸泡20~40min,重复1~3次;
2)按照钛酸四丁酯与无水乙醇的体积比1:10~30,配制二氧化钛前驱体处理液;
3)按照浴比1:30~50,将步骤1)中的羊毛纤维取出,挤净多余溶液后放入到步骤2)中的配制好的二氧化钛前驱体处理液中,在频率40KHz、功率300W条件下超声振荡20~40min,然后再浸泡12~24h。
步骤3,将浸泡过二氧化钛前驱体处理液的羊毛纤维进行水煮、清洗和烘干:
1)将步骤2中的3)浸泡好的羊毛纤维取出,放入到去离子水中,在100℃条件下处理30~60min;
2)将步骤1)中的羊毛纤维用无水乙醇浸泡10~20min,然后用去离子水进行反复清洗,于50℃~80℃条件下烘干,即得改性羊毛纤维。
实施例1
按照质量百分比浓度300g/L配置体积为1L的溴化锂溶液,按照浴比1:100称取10g的洗净羊毛纤维,将羊毛纤维放入到配制好的溴化锂溶液中,于90℃条件下浸泡6h,每隔1h用频率40KHz、功率300W超声振荡器超声20min。将浸泡好的羊毛纤维取出,挤净多余水分,然后放入到无水乙醇溶液中浸泡40min,重复3次;按照钛酸四丁酯与无水乙醇的体积比1:10,配制1L的二氧化钛前驱体处理液;将羊毛纤维中的多余溶液挤净后放入到二氧化钛前驱体处理液中,在频率40KHz、功率300W条件下超声振荡40min,然后再浸泡24h。将浸泡好的羊毛纤维取出,放入到1L的去离子水中,在100℃条件下处理60min,然后放入到无水乙醇浸泡20min,最后用去离子水反复清洗,于80℃烘干,即得改性羊毛纤维。
根据国家标准GB/T4711-84《羊毛单纤维断裂强力和伸长试验方法》,用YG(B)006型单纤维电子强力仪测定羊毛纤维改性前、后的断裂强力和断裂伸长率。其中未处理的羊毛纤维平均断裂强度为1.42cN/dtex,平均断裂伸长率为40.5%;而溴化锂溶胀钛酸四丁酯渗入水热处理后的纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维平均断裂强度为0.83cN/dtex,平均断裂伸长率为24.6%。可见光光催化降解亚甲基蓝染料测试结果表明,将0.2g羊毛纤维样品添加到50mL、质量浓度5mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液中,置于暗室90min后放置在1000W的汞灯下进行辐照,溶液距光源15cm,可见光辐照210min后降解率为97%。
实施例2
按照质量百分比浓度50g/L配置体积为1L的溴化锂溶液,按照浴比1:50称取20g的洗净羊毛纤维,将羊毛纤维放入到配制好的溴化锂溶液中,于80℃条件下浸泡2h,每隔1h用频率40KHz、功率300W超声振荡器超声10min。将浸泡好的羊毛纤维取出,挤净多余水分,然后放入到无水乙醇溶液中浸泡20min,重复1次;按照钛酸四丁酯与无水乙醇的体积比1:30,配制1L的二氧化钛前驱体处理液;将羊毛纤维中的多余溶液挤净后放入到二氧化钛前驱体处理液中,在频率40KHz、功率300W条件下超声振荡20min,然后再浸泡12h。将浸泡好的羊毛纤维取出,放入到1L的去离子水中,在100℃条件下处理30min,然后放入到无水乙醇浸泡10min,最后用去离子水反复清洗,于50℃烘干,即得改性羊毛纤维。
根据国家标准GB/T4711-84《羊毛单纤维断裂强力和伸长试验方法》,用YG(B)006型单纤维电子强力仪测定羊毛纤维改性前、后的断裂强力和断裂伸长率。其中未处理的羊毛纤维平均断裂强度为1.42cN/dtex,平均断裂伸长率为40.5%;而溴化锂溶胀钛酸四丁酯渗入水热处理后的纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维平均断裂强度为1.25cN/dtex,平均断裂伸长率为36.1%。可见光光催化降解亚甲基蓝染料测试结果表明,将0.2g羊毛纤维样品添加到50mL、质量浓度5mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液中,置于暗室90min后放置在1000W的汞灯下进行辐照,溶液距光源15cm,可见光辐照210min后降解率为90%。
实施例3
按照质量百分比浓度200g/L配置体积为1L的溴化锂溶液,按照浴比1:80称取12.5g的洗净羊毛纤维,将羊毛纤维放入到配制好的溴化锂溶液中,于85℃条件下浸泡4h,每隔1h用频率40KHz、功率300W超声振荡器超声15min。将浸泡好的羊毛纤维取出,挤净多余水分,然后放入到无水乙醇溶液中浸泡30min,重复2次;按照钛酸四丁酯与无水乙醇的体积比1:20,配制1L的二氧化钛前驱体处理液;将羊毛纤维中的多余溶液挤净后放入到二氧化钛前驱体处理液中,在频率40KHz、功率300W条件下超声振荡30min,然后再浸泡18h。将浸泡好的羊毛纤维取出,放入到1L的去离子水中,在100℃条件下处理40min,然后放入到无水乙醇浸泡15min,最后用去离子水反复清洗,于60℃烘干,即得改性羊毛纤维。
根据国家标准GB/T4711-84《羊毛单纤维断裂强力和伸长试验方法》,用YG(B)006型单纤维电子强力仪测定羊毛纤维改性前、后的断裂强力和断裂伸长率。其中未处理的羊毛纤维平均断裂强度为1.42cN/dtex,平均断裂伸长率为40.5%;而溴化锂溶胀钛酸四丁酯渗入水热处理后的纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维平均断裂强度为1.38cN/dtex,平均断裂伸长率为36.7%。可见光光催化降解亚甲基蓝染料测试结果表明,将0.2g羊毛纤维样品添加到50mL、质量浓度5mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液中,置于暗室90min后放置在1000W的汞灯下进行辐照,溶液距光源15cm,可见光辐照210min后降解率为99%。
对比例
利用纳米二氧化钛对未处理的羊毛进行包覆。
按照钛酸四丁酯与无水乙醇的体积比1:20,配制1L的二氧化钛前驱体处理液;将20g羊毛纤维放入到二氧化钛前驱体处理液中,在频率40KHz、功率300W条件下超声振荡30min,然后再浸泡18h。将浸泡好的羊毛纤维取出,放入到1L的去离子水中,在100℃条件下处理40min,然后放入到无水乙醇浸泡15min,最后用去离子水反复清洗,于60℃烘干。
根据国家标准GBT4711-1984《羊毛单纤维断裂强力和伸长试验方法》,使用YG(B)006型电子纤维强力仪测定羊毛纤维的拉伸性能,测试300根取平均值,拉伸速度10mm/min,试样夹持长度10mm,预加张力0.1cN。
选用亚甲基蓝染料为模型测定纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的光催化活性。将0.2g的羊毛纤维样品添加到体积50mL、质量百分比浓度5mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液中并置于暗室中,当达到吸附平衡后将亚甲基蓝溶液放置在光化学反应仪中,用1000W汞灯进行辐照,溶液距光源15cm,用400nm以上滤光片过滤掉紫外线,测定可见光辐照光催化降解染料性能。每隔30min用UV1600型分光光度计测定染料在最大吸收波长664nm处的吸光度,并根据公式(1)计算降解率D:
式中:C0是吸附饱和后亚甲基蓝溶液的起始浓度,Ct是照射一定时间后亚甲基蓝溶液的浓度,t为辐照时间。
图1是采用本发明方法得到的纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的纵向扫描电镜照片。可以看出,使用溴化锂溶胀钛酸四丁酯渗入热水处理得到的羊毛纤维被一层较厚的颗粒状物质所包裹,高倍电镜照片显示该颗粒由纳米级颗粒构成,同时羊毛表面鳞片清晰可见。图2是采用本发明方法得到的纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维横截面的元素面扫描电镜照片。可以看出,羊毛纤维内部不仅均匀分布有C、N、O和S元素,而且还含有Ti元素,表明Ti渗透进入了羊毛纤维内部。图3是未处理羊毛和采用本发明方法得到的纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的X射线衍射谱图。可以看出,羊毛纤维经过改性处理之后,除了羊毛的特征峰之外,在衍射角2θ=25°,38°,47°,54°,63°,69°和75.0°左右还出现了一些小的衍射峰,表明羊毛纤维上的附着物为锐钛矿型二氧化钛。图4是未处理羊毛和采用本发明方法得到的纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的取向度谱图。可以看出,羊毛纤维经过改性处理之后,取向度略微有所减小。图5是未处理羊毛和采用本发明方法得到的纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的热失重曲线。可以看出,羊毛纤维经过改性处理之后,热稳定性变化不明显。图6是未处理羊毛和采用本发明方法得到的纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的漫反射光谱曲线。可以看出,羊毛纤维经过改性处理之后,对紫外线吸收有所减小对可见光吸收明显增强,表明有利于可见光辐照光催化活性。图7是未处理羊毛、纳米二氧化钛包覆羊毛和采用本发明方法得到的纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的可见光辐照光催化降解亚甲基蓝染料结果。可以看出,相比纳米二氧化钛包覆羊毛纤维,采用本发明方法得到的纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维可见光辐照光催化降解亚甲基蓝染料的能力显著提升。
本发明使用溴化锂溶液对羊毛纤维进行处理,可以充分地溶胀羊毛纤维而不会破坏纤维的主体结构,使得羊毛纤维表面鳞片软化,鳞片张角增大。超声振荡处理会进一步加剧溴化锂渗入到羊毛纤维内部,破坏角蛋白大分子链之间交联的氢键、盐式键和二硫键,导致非结晶区含量增加而结晶区含量减小,这样羊毛纤维变得更加溶胀。将溴化锂溶胀后的羊毛纤维取出挤净多余水分,然后浸泡在无水乙醇溶液中,这样可以排除掉羊毛纤维中的多余水分,防止因为水的引入导致二氧化钛前驱体处理液发生变化,从而影响钛酸四丁酯的后续渗入。将去除多余水分的溶胀羊毛纤维浸泡在二氧化钛前驱体处理液中,在浓度梯度和超声波的双重作用下,使得钛酸四丁酯能够顺利的渗入到羊毛纤维内部,此时纳米二氧化钛晶粒还不会生成。先超声振荡后浸泡,可以保证钛酸四丁酯快速渗入到羊毛纤维内部,后续浸泡保证了钛酸四丁酯在羊毛纤维内外达到吸附平衡。浸泡钛酸四丁酯的羊毛纤维经过沸水处理,使得羊毛纤维内部残留和表面附着的钛酸四丁酯晶化生成二氧化钛晶粒,从而牢固地与羊毛纤维发生结合。采用本发明方法得到的纳米二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维光催化活性更高,制备工艺简单,生产成本低,对羊毛纤维损伤较小。
Claims (3)
1.一种二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1,将洗净的羊毛纤维浸泡在一定浓度的溴化锂溶液中,于80℃~90℃条件下浸泡2~6h,同时每隔一段时间进行超声振荡处理,取出后挤净多余水分,得溶胀后的羊毛纤维;
步骤2,将步骤1所得羊毛纤维放入到无水乙醇中浸泡20~40min,重复1~3次,随后将其浸泡在二氧化钛前驱体处理液中,超声振荡处理后浸泡12~24h;
步骤3,对步骤2处理后的羊毛纤维进行水煮、清洗和烘干,即得改性羊毛纤维;
步骤1中,洗净羊毛纤维与溴化锂溶液的用量为浴比1:50~100;
溴化锂溶液的浓度为50~300g/L;
步骤2中,二氧化钛前驱体处理液为钛酸四丁酯与无水乙醇按体积比1:10~30的混合液;
羊毛与二氧化钛前驱体处理液的浴比为1:30~50;
步骤3的具体过程为:将羊毛纤维放入到去离子水中,在100℃条件下处理30~60min;随后用无水乙醇浸泡10~20min,然后用去离子水进行反复清洗,于50℃~80℃条件下烘干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,超声振荡处理时间间隔为1h,每次采用频率为40KHz、功率300W超声振荡器超声10~20min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种二氧化钛改性羊毛纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,超声振荡处理处理过程为:在频率40KHz、功率300W条件下超声振荡20~40min。
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