CN105506626B - 一种切削工具 - Google Patents

一种切削工具 Download PDF

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CN105506626B
CN105506626B CN201610005086.6A CN201610005086A CN105506626B CN 105506626 B CN105506626 B CN 105506626B CN 201610005086 A CN201610005086 A CN 201610005086A CN 105506626 B CN105506626 B CN 105506626B
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邱小林
熊建南
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Nanchang Institute of Technology
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Abstract

本发明提供一种具有复合涂层的硬质合金切削工具，包括硬质合金基体和复合涂层，复合涂层由内而外依次为：基底涂层、内涂层、中间涂层、过渡涂层和外涂层。该切削工具涂层与硬质合金基体之间、不同涂层之间都具有优异的粘结强度，涂层在使用过程中不易剥落，使得切削工具具有良好的高硬度、高强度、耐腐蚀、耐高温、抗弯强度、冲击韧性和使用寿命。

Description

一种切削工具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种切削工具，尤其涉及一种包含复合涂层的硬质合金切削工具。
背景技术
切削工具是机械加工制造领域常用的一种工具，在机械制造的切削过程中，切削工具与工件加工表面高速摩擦接触，接触表面产生极高的切削应力和高温，温度通常可达700-1200℃，所以切削工具应具有高硬度、高强度、耐腐蚀、耐高温等特性，但是在如此极端的工作环境下，一般的切削工具在工作一段时间后，都会出现多种形式的失效，切削工具的失效形式主要包括磨损、脆性损伤、裂纹、剥离、塑性形变等，由此所造成的消耗经常占总成本的3%-8%。
目前机械加工领域最常用的切削工具为硬质合金材质类刀具。硬质合金是由硬质碳化物(通常为碳化钨WC、TiC等)微米级粉末颗粒和质地较软的金属结合剂(Co)通过粉末冶金工艺生产的IVB、VB、VIB族金属的碳化物、氮化物、硼化物等。由于硬度和熔点特别高，统称为硬质合金。硬质合金常温下硬度高(86HRA-93HRA，相当于69HRC-81HRC)，热硬性强于高速钢(可达900℃-1000℃，保持60HRC)。切削速度可达220m／min～300m／min。但硬质合金的抗弯强度和冲击韧性都不如高速钢，在使用过程中容易发生脆性损伤。
一般在实际应用中，会在硬质合金表面沉积涂层来进一步提高硬质合金的性能，单一的涂层一般只能改善某一种性能，所以往往使用复合涂层，但是采用复合涂层存在涂层与硬质合金基体之间、不同涂层之间的粘结强度不够，会导致涂层剥落分离。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明目的是提供一种具有复合涂层的硬质合金切削工具，该切削工具涂层与硬质合金基体之间、不同涂层之间具有优异的粘结强度，涂层在使用过程中不易剥落，使得切削工具具有良好的高硬度、高强度、耐腐蚀、耐高温、抗弯强度、冲击韧性和使用寿命。
为实现上述目的，本发明技术方案如下：
一种切削工具，包括硬质合金基体和复合涂层。
一种切削工具，硬质合金基体为WC-Co硬质合金，其中微米级WC的含量为70-90wt%，Co的含量为30-10wt%。
一种切削工具的复合涂层由内至外依次为：基底涂层、内涂层、中间涂层、过渡涂层、外涂层。
一种切削工具的复合涂层的制备包括以下步骤：
（1）基底涂层的制备：以硬质合金WC-Co为基体，采用MT-CVD中温化学气相沉积技术，在CH3CN浸润下，温度700-900℃，沉积时间2-3小时，沉积室压力20-30KPa，在基体表面制备一层0.5-1μm的基底涂层，所述的基底涂层为YC碳化钇或YN氮化钇；
（2）内涂层的制备：采用与步骤（1）相同的工艺，在基底涂层的表面制备一层0.5-2μm 的内涂层，所述的内涂层为TiCN氮碳化钛；
（3）中间涂层的制备：采用与步骤（1）相同的工艺，在内涂层的表面制备一层0.5-2μm 的中间涂层，所述的中间涂层为TiN氮化钛；
（4）过渡涂层的制备：采用与步骤（1）相同的工艺，在中间涂层的表面制备一层1-3μm 的过渡涂层，所述的过渡涂层为α-Al2O3；
（5）外涂层的制备：采用与步骤（1）相同的工艺，在过渡涂层的表面制备一层3-5μm的外涂层，所述的外涂层为TiN氮化钛。
本发明的优点：利用本发明技术可有效解决现有技术中存在的切削工具表面涂层容易从基体剥离失效的问题，可有效提高基体与涂层之间的结合力，提高基体碳化钨的强韧性，达到强度和韧性的一体化，实现高端耐磨耐高温涂层工具的制备，可以广泛用于碳钢、低合金钢、高合金钢等材料的加工。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
附图标记：硬质合金基体1、基底涂层2、内涂层3、中间涂层4、过渡涂层5、外涂层6。
具体实施例
实施例1、一种切削工具，包括硬质合金基体1和复合涂层。
一种切削工具，硬质合金基体1为WC-Co硬质合金，其中微米级WC的含量为70wt%，Co的含量为30wt%。
一种切削工具的复合涂层由内至外依次为：基底涂层2、内涂层3、中间涂层4、过渡涂层5、外涂层6。
一种切削工具的复合涂层的制备包括以下步骤：
（1）基底涂层的制备：以硬质合金WC-Co为基体，采用MT-CVD中温化学气相沉积技术，在CH3CN浸润下，温度700-900℃，沉积时间2-3小时，沉积室压力20-30KPa，在基体表面制备一层0.5-1μm的基底涂层，所述的基底涂层为YC碳化钇或YN氮化钇；
（2）内涂层的制备：采用与步骤（1）相同的工艺，在基底涂层的表面制备一层0.5-2μm 的内涂层，所述的内涂层为TiCN氮碳化钛；
（3）中间涂层的制备：采用与步骤（1）相同的工艺，在内涂层的表面制备一层0.5-2μm 的中间涂层，所述的中间涂层为TiN氮化钛；
（4）过渡涂层的制备：采用与步骤（1）相同的工艺，在中间涂层的表面制备一层1-3μm 的过渡涂层，所述的过渡涂层为α-Al2O3；
（5）外涂层的制备：采用与步骤（1）相同的工艺，在过渡涂层的表面制备一层3-5μm的外涂层，所述的外涂层为TiN氮化钛。
实施例2、一种切削工具，包括硬质合金基体1和复合涂层。
一种切削工具，硬质合金基体1为WC-Co硬质合金，其中微米级WC的含量为80wt%，Co的含量为20wt%。
一种切削工具的复合涂层由内至外依次为：基底涂层2、内涂层3、中间涂层4、过渡涂层5、外涂层6。
其余同实施例1。
实施例3、一种切削工具，包括硬质合金基体1和复合涂层。
一种切削工具，硬质合金基体1为WC-Co硬质合金，其中微米级WC的含量为90wt%，Co的含量为10wt%。
一种切削工具的复合涂层由内至外依次为：基底层涂层2、内层涂层3、中间层涂层4、过渡层涂层5、外层涂层6。
其余同实施例1。
对比例1、一种切削工具，包括硬质合金基体1和复合涂层。
一种切削工具，硬质合金基体1为WC-Co硬质合金，其中微米级WC的含量为70wt%，Co的含量为30wt%。
一种切削工具的复合涂层，不包括基底涂层2，由内至外依次为：内涂层3、中间涂层4、过渡涂层5、外涂层6。
其余同实施例1。
对比例2、一种切削工具，包括硬质合金基体1和复合涂层。
一种切削工具，硬质合金基体1为WC-Co硬质合金，其中微米级WC的含量为80wt%，Co的含量为20wt%。
一种切削工具的复合涂层，不包括基底涂层2，由内至外依次为：内涂层3、中间涂层4、过渡涂层5、外涂层6。
其余同实施例1。
对比例3、一种切削工具，包括硬质合金基体1和复合涂层。
一种切削工具，硬质合金基体1为WC-Co硬质合金，其中微米级WC的含量为90wt%，Co的含量为10wt%。
一种切削工具的复合涂层，不包括基底涂层2，由内至外依次为：内涂层3、中间涂层4、过渡涂层5、外涂层6。
其余同实施例1。
对比例4、一种切削工具，包括硬质合金基体1和复合涂层。
一种切削工具，硬质合金基体1为WC-Co硬质合金，其中微米级WC的含量为70wt%，Co的含量为30wt%。
一种切削工具的复合涂层，不包括过渡涂层5，由内至外依次为：基底涂层2、内涂层3、中间涂层4、外涂层6。
其余同实施例1。
对比例5、一种切削工具，包括硬质合金基体1和复合涂层。
一种切削工具，硬质合金基体1为WC-Co硬质合金，其中微米级WC的含量为80wt%，Co的含量为20wt%。
一种切削工具的复合涂层，不包括过渡涂层5，由内至外依次为：基底涂层2、内涂层3、中间涂层4、外涂层6。
其余同实施例1。
对比例6、一种切削工具，包括硬质合金基体1和复合涂层。
一种切削工具，硬质合金基体1为WC-Co硬质合金，其中微米级WC的含量为90wt%，Co的含量为10wt%。
一种切削工具的复合涂层，不包括过渡涂层5，由内至外依次为：基底涂层2、内涂层3、中间涂层4、外涂层6。
其余同实施例1。
实施例1-3所述的切削工具，各涂层之间的界面结合力如表1。
表1：实施例1-3各涂层之间的界面结合力。
对比例1-3所述的切削工具，各涂层之间的界面结合力如表2。
表2：对比例1-3各涂层之间的界面结合力。
对比例4-6所述的切削工具，各涂层之间的界面结合力如表3。
表3：对比例4-6各涂层之间的界面结合力。
由表1可以看出，实施例1-3所述的切削工具，其硬质合金基体与涂层之间、不同涂层之间的界面结合力都大于等于85N，具有很好的粘结强度；由表2可以看出，对比例1-3所述的切削工具，由于没有沉积基底涂层，这样就导致硬质合金基体与内涂层直接粘结，但是实验测得硬质合金基体与内涂层之间的界面结合力只有55N，比表1中的硬质合金与基底涂层之间的95N的界面结合力低了42.1%，这样就可能导致切削加工时涂层与硬质合金之间由于粘结强度不够而剥落；由表3可以看出，对比例4-6所述的切削工具，由于没有沉积过渡涂层，这样就导致中间涂层与外涂层之间直接粘结，但是实验测得中间涂层与外涂层之间的界面结合力只有58N，比表1中的过渡涂层与外涂层之间的90N的界面结合力低了35.6%，这样就可能导致切削加工时外涂层与中间涂层之间由于粘结强度不够而剥落。
试验例：
为检测切削工具在实际切削加工过程中的效果，使用实施例1-3和对比例1-6所述的切削工具（尺寸：30×15×7）对待加工的工件进行切削加工，加工条件均为：304不锈钢工件，工件尺寸5m×6m×50mm，旋转速度140r/min，切削速度250m/min，切削深度50mm。试验观察切削工具在同等加工条件下的持续切削寿命，当切削工具出现磨损、变形等失效形式时，即代表达到其切削寿命。试验数据见表4。
表4：切削加工试验数据。
由表4可以看出，实施例1-3所述的切削工具，持续切削寿命长，且没有出现涂层的剥离脱落情况，说明涂层与硬质合金基体之间、各个涂层之间的粘结强度好，在加工过程中不会发生相对位移剥落；对比例1-3所述的切削工具，其持续切削寿命比实施例1-3所述的切削工具缩短了51.7%，在加工过程中出现了内涂层从硬质合金基体表面剥落的情况，说明缺少了基底涂层后，内涂层与硬质合金基体之间的粘结强度不够，导致在加工过程中发生了相对位移而出现剥落；对比例4-6所述的切削工具，其持续切削寿命比实施例1-3所述的切削工具缩短了44.8%，在加工过程中出现了外涂层从中间涂层表面剥落的情况，说明缺少了过渡涂层后，外涂层与中间涂层之间的粘结强度不够，导致在加工过程中发生了相对位移而出现剥落。

Claims (1)

1.一种切削工具，包括硬质合金基体(1)和复合涂层，其特征在于：硬质合金基体(1)为WC-Co硬质合金，其中微米级WC的含量为70-90wt％，Co的含量为30-10wt％；复合涂层由内至外依次为：基底涂层(2)、内涂层(3)、中间涂层(4)、过渡涂层(5)、外涂层(6)；其中复合涂层的制备包括以下步骤：
(1)基底涂层的制备：以硬质合金WC-Co为基体，采用MT-CVD中温化学气相沉积技术，在CH3CN浸润下，温度700-900℃，沉积时间2-3小时，沉积室压力20-30KPa，在基体表面制备一层0.5-1μm的基底涂层，所述的基底涂层为YC碳化钇或YN氮化钇；
(2)内涂层的制备：采用与步骤(1)相同的工艺，在基底涂层的表面制备一层0.5-2μm的内涂层，所述的内涂层为TiCN氮碳化钛；
(3)中间涂层的制备：采用与步骤(1)相同的工艺，在内涂层的表面制备一层0.5-2μm的中间涂层，所述的中间涂层为TiN氮化钛；
(4)过渡涂层的制备：采用与步骤(1)相同的工艺，在中间涂层的表面制备一层1-3μm的过渡涂层，所述的过渡涂层为α-Al2O3；
(5)外涂层的制备：采用与步骤(1)相同的工艺，在过渡涂层的表面制备一层3-5μm的外涂层，所述的外涂层为TiN氮化钛。
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