CN105503167B - 一种用含锌电炉粉尘合成共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料的方法 - Google Patents

一种用含锌电炉粉尘合成共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料的方法 Download PDF

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CN105503167B
CN105503167B CN201510977587.6A CN201510977587A CN105503167B CN 105503167 B CN105503167 B CN 105503167B CN 201510977587 A CN201510977587 A CN 201510977587A CN 105503167 B CN105503167 B CN 105503167B
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郭敏
王会刚
张梅
高建明
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Abstract

一种用含锌电炉粉尘合成共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料的方法,属于磁性材料领域。合成步骤为:含锌电炉粉尘与不同浓度的盐酸溶液按照一定的液固比混合,在室温下搅拌一定时间后,经离心进行液固分离,浸出渣在一定温度下干燥一定时间后与固体NiCl2·6H2O按照一定质量比混合均匀,然后于马弗炉中在一定温度下煅烧一定的时间即可得到共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料。该磁性材料的饱和磁化强度为59.3emu·g‑1,矫顽力60Oe,具有优良的磁学性能。本发明不但有效地解决了含锌电炉粉尘的堆积问题,减少了其对环境的污染,实现了含锌电炉粉尘中的有价金属元素Zn,Fe,Mn,Pb等的利用,并且以含锌电炉粉尘为原料进行铁氧体的制备工艺简单,为含锌电炉粉尘的利用提供了一种新的方法与工艺。

Description

一种用含锌电炉粉尘合成共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料的方法
技术领域
本发明属于磁性材料领域,特别涉及从含锌电炉粉尘制备合成铁氧体软磁材料的方法。
背景技术
我国是电炉炼钢生产大国,2012年我国电炉钢产量达到7000万吨,相应的电炉粉尘产生量约为70-140万吨左右。而在我国,如此庞大数量的电炉粉尘大部分被堆积填埋,只有小部分被回收处理。另外,电炉粉尘由于含有比较高的Pb、Cr、Cd等,被划归为有毒物质。大量电炉粉尘的堆积不仅造成了环境、水体、土壤等的污染,还浪费了其中所含的Fe、Zn、Pb等有价金属元素。所以,对电炉粉尘的利用研究是目前亟待解决的问题。其中,随着大量废弃的镀锌钢板用于电炉炼钢,使得粉尘中含有较高的锌,含锌电炉粉尘的主要元素组成主及含量如下:TFe 30-67%,Zn 2.6-18.9%,Pb<1%,Si 1-5%,Ca 2-7%,Mg 0.6-9%,Al<1%。(说明:上述含量只给出了主要元素的含量范围,由于含锌电炉粉尘中存在的物质大部分是氧化物,并且还有少量的氯化物及硫酸盐,并且在测试过程中还有烧损。导致只是按上述的含量范围相加之和不能达到100%)
目前,对含锌电炉粉尘的研究主要围绕锌的提取展开((1)Trung,Z.H.;Kukurugya,F.;Takacova,Z.;Orac,D.;Laubertova,M.;Miskufova,A.;Havlik,T.,J.Hazard.Mater.,192(2011),1100-7.(2)Shawabkeh,R.A.,Hydrometallurgy,104(2010),61-65.(3)Herrero,D.;Arias,P.L.;Güemez,B.;Barrio,V.L.;Cambra,J.F.;Requies,J.,Miner.Eng.23(2010),511-517.),浸出液经净化、电积后制得电锌。还未见以含锌电炉粉尘为原料合成高附加值材料的研究。结合含锌电炉粉尘的元素组成,本发明以含锌电炉粉尘为原料合成共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料。
尖晶石铁氧体(MFe2O4,M=Ni,Zn等)是一类用途广泛的磁性材料,因其具有独特的性能被广泛应用于高密度磁记录,核磁共振成像,催化剂和电子器件等领域。而且根据文献报道,两种或者两种以上的复合铁氧体材料具有更优良的综合性能((1)Y.Koseoglu,Ceram.Int..39(2013),4221-4230.(2)Ch.Sujatha,K.Venugopal Reddy,K.Sowri Babu,A.RamaChandra Reddy,M.Buchi Suresh,K.H.Rao,J.Magn.Magn..340(2013),38-45.)。目前制备铁氧体材料的原料主要是分析纯的盐类物质(P.Sivakumar,R.Ramesh,A.Ramanand,S.Ponnusamy,C.Muthamizhchelvan,Mater.Res.Bull..46(2011),2208-2211.),成本很高。而以价格低廉的含锌电炉粉尘为原料制备共掺杂铁酸镍锌铁氧体磁性材料尚未报道。含锌电炉粉尘中的有价金属Zn,Mn,Mg和Fe都是铁氧体材料的重要元素,因此,利用含锌电炉粉尘制备合成复合铁氧体材料不仅能综合利用粉尘中的有价金属,并且得到了高附加值的产品,为含锌电炉粉尘的利用提供了新的思路。
发明内容:
本发明目的是要解决含锌电炉粉尘的堆积问题,为含锌电炉粉尘的利用提供新的思路;同时降低尖晶石铁氧体的生产成本,提高经济收益。
一种用含锌电炉粉尘合成共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料的方法,工艺步骤为:
(1)将含锌电炉粉尘放在烘箱中90-105℃烘干20-24h。
(2)将0.3-0.5mol·L-1的盐酸溶液与干燥后的电炉粉尘按照液固比10:1(L·Kg-1)混合后,在室温下搅拌10-12h。
(3)将上述液固混合物于离心器中以3500-4500r·min-1的转速离心5-10min,离心结束后弃去上清液,加入适量去离子水重复离心操作至上清液pH值约为5-7;液固经离心分离后的固体在90-105℃烘干20-24h,研磨后备用。
(4)取步骤(3)中干燥研磨后的含锌电炉粉尘与NiCl2·6H2O固体按照质量比1:0.4-1:0.8(g·g-1)混合,并在研钵中经研磨混合均匀。
(5)将步骤(4)混合均匀的固体于马弗炉中在900-1100℃煅烧2-3h。待冷却到室温后,即可得到共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料。
其中步骤(1)含锌电炉粉尘主要的元素组成及含量如下:TFe 30-67%,Zn2.6-18.9%,Pb<1%,Si 1-5%,Ca 2-7%,Mg 0.6-9%,Al<1%。(说明:上述含量只给出了主要元素的含量范围,由于含锌电炉粉尘中存在的物质大部分是氧化物,并且还有少量的氯化物及硫酸盐,并且在测试过程中还有烧损。导致只是按上述的含量范围相加之和不能达到100%)
本发明制备得到共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料的原料来源广泛,价格低廉,主要为含锌电炉粉尘,以此为原料不仅实现了含锌电炉粉尘的二次资源综合利用,而且也降低了粉尘对环境的污染。本发明通过合理的控制盐酸溶液的浓度、洗涤后的含锌电炉粉尘与NiCl2·6H2O固体的质量比以及煅烧温度,合成了高附加值的共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料。为含锌电炉粉尘的利用提供了一种新工艺。
附图说明:
图1:用含锌电炉粉尘合成的共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料的工艺流程图,
图2:用含锌电炉粉尘合成的共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料的(a)XRD和(b)FTIR图谱,图3:用含锌电炉粉尘合成的共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料的磁滞回线图。
具体实施方式:
1.原料选取
含锌电炉粉尘及不同浓度盐酸溶液洗涤后的含锌电炉粉尘的主要元素组成及含量如表1所示:
表1:含锌电炉粉尘及洗涤后的含锌电炉粉尘的主要元素组成及含量(wt.%)
1#、2#、3#、4#分别表示含锌电炉粉尘、0.3mol·L-1的盐酸溶液洗涤后的含锌电炉粉尘、0.5mol·L-1的盐酸溶液洗涤后的含锌电炉粉尘
2.1实施例1(流程见图1)
(1)将含锌电炉粉尘放在烘箱中105℃烘干24h。
(2)将0.5mol·L-1的盐酸溶液与干燥后的含锌电炉粉尘按照液固比100mL:10g混合后,在室温下搅拌12h。
(3)将上述液固混合物于离心器中以4000r·min-1的转速离心10min,离心结束后弃去上清液,加入适量去离子水重复离心操作至上清液pH值约为6;液固经离心分离后的洗涤渣在105℃烘干24h,研磨后备用。
(4)取步骤(3)中研磨后的含锌电炉粉尘1.0g与NiCl2·6H2O固体0.65g,在研钵中经研磨混合均匀。
(5)将上述混合均匀的固体于马弗炉中在1000℃煅烧2h。待冷却到室温后,即可得到共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料。
2.2实施例2(流程见图1)
(1)将含锌电炉粉尘放在烘箱中100℃烘干24h。
(2)将0.3mol·L-1的盐酸溶液与干燥后的含锌电炉粉尘按照液固比100mL:10g混合后,在室温下搅拌12h。
(3)将上述液固混合物于离心器中以4500r·min-1的转速离心5min,离心结束后弃去上清液,加入适量去离子水重复离心操作至上清液pH值约为6;液固经离心分离后的洗涤渣在105℃烘干20h,研磨后备用。
(4)取步骤(3)中研磨后的含锌电炉粉尘1.0g与0.6g的NiCl2·6H2O固体,两种固体在研钵中经研磨混合均匀。
(5)将上述混合均匀的固体于马弗炉中在1000℃煅烧2h。待冷却到室温后,即可得到共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料。
2.3实施例3(流程见图1)
(1)将含锌电炉粉尘放在烘箱中100℃烘干24h。
(2)将0.5mol·L-1的盐酸溶液与干燥后的含锌电炉粉尘按照液固比100mL:10g混合后,在室温下搅拌12h。
(3)将上述液固混合物于离心器中以3500r·min-1的转速离心10min,离心结束后弃去上清液,加入适量去离子水重复离心操作至上清液pH值约为6;液固经离心分离后的洗涤渣在95℃烘干24h,研磨后备用。
(4)取步骤(3)中研磨后的含锌电炉粉尘1.0g与0.65g的NiCl2·6H2O固体,两种固体在研钵中经研磨混合均匀。
(5)将上述混合均匀的固体于马弗炉中在1100℃煅烧2h。待冷却到室温后,即可得到共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料。
具体实验结果
从XRD图中很清晰地看到,在上述试验条件下均合成了纯相共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料。FTIR图中602和418cm-1处两个很强的吸收峰表示铁氧体的特征峰,分别归属于四面体和八面体M-O的伸缩振动,进一步证实了合成的产物是共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料。
从磁滞回线图中可以看出,合成的共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料具有软磁性特征,其饱和磁化强度Ms=59.3emu·g-1,矫顽力60Oe。

Claims (2)

1.一种用含锌电炉粉尘合成共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料的方法,工艺步骤为:
(1)将含锌电炉粉尘放在烘箱中90-105℃烘干20-24h;
(2)将0.3-0.5 mol·L-1的盐酸溶液与干燥后的电炉粉尘按照液固比10:1L·Kg-1混合后,在室温下搅拌10-12h;
(3)将上述液固混合物于离心器中以3500-4500 r·min-1的转速离心5-10 min,离心结束后弃去上清液,加入适量去离子水重复离心操作至上清液pH值为5-7;液固经离心分离后的固体在90-105 ℃烘干20-24h,研磨后备用;
(4)取步骤(3)中干燥研磨后的含锌电炉粉尘与NiCl2·6H2O固体按照质量比1:0.4-1:0.8g·g-1混合,并在研钵中经研磨混合均匀;
(5)将步骤(4)混合均匀的固体于马弗炉中在900-1100 ℃煅烧2-3 h;待冷却到室温后,即可得到共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料。
2.按照权利要求1所述的用含锌电炉粉尘合成共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料的方法,步骤(1)含锌电炉粉尘主要的元素组成及含量质量百分比如下:TFe 30-67%,Zn 2.6-18.9%,Pb<1%,Si 1-5%,Ca 2-7%,Mg 0.6-9%,Al <1%。
CN201510977587.6A 2015-12-23 2015-12-23 一种用含锌电炉粉尘合成共掺杂铁酸镍锌软磁材料的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN105503167B (zh)

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