CN105500472A - 一种水性阻燃胶合板及其生产方法 - Google Patents

一种水性阻燃胶合板及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN105500472A
CN105500472A CN201510821988.2A CN201510821988A CN105500472A CN 105500472 A CN105500472 A CN 105500472A CN 201510821988 A CN201510821988 A CN 201510821988A CN 105500472 A CN105500472 A CN 105500472A
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田元兵
郭荣军
戴家兵
李维虎
赵曦
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Lanzhou Ke Tian Environmental Protection And Energy Saving Science And Technology Ltd
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    • B27K2240/30—Fireproofing
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Abstract

本发明公开一种水性阻燃胶合板，由若干层浸渍了阻燃剂的木板粘合组成，所述木板用添加了纳米SiO2的水性聚氨酯树脂粘合。通过（1）将木板浸入阻燃剂水溶液中浸渍，取出干燥；（2）将纳米SiO2添加到水性聚氨酯树脂中，混匀后涂在步骤（1）干燥后的木板表面；（3）步骤（2）得到的木板经组坯、压制得到所述水性阻燃胶合板。本发明的水性阻燃胶合板无甲醛等有害物质的释放问题，其中的阻燃剂与纳米SiO2协同作用，改善高温成碳和阻止碳层氧化，提高了阻燃性能。在水性聚氨酯树脂胶黏剂中添加纳米SiO2还可提高胶合板的胶合强度。

Description

一种水性阻燃胶合板及其生产方法
技术领域
本发明属于胶合板领域，具体涉及一种水性阻燃胶合板及其生产方法。
背景技术
胶合板以其良好的物理力学性能和加工性能，广泛应用于家具、木门、室内装修及建筑业等领域。普通胶合板属于易燃材料，容易带来很大的火灾隐患，其次普通胶合板采用酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂、三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂的所谓三醛树脂胶粘剂，有游离甲醛的释放，会污染环境，影响人类健康。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有的缺陷，提供了一种水性阻燃胶合板及其生产方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了如下的技术方案：
一种水性阻燃胶合板，由若干层浸渍了阻燃剂的木板粘合组成，所述木板用添加了纳米SiO2的水性聚氨酯树脂粘合。
进一步，所述阻燃剂为磷系阻燃剂，优选为磷酸酯。
进一步，所述水性聚氨酯树脂添加了1～10wt%的纳米SiO2。
进一步，所述水性聚氨酯树脂添加了3～5wt%的纳米SiO2。
上述水性阻燃胶合板的生产方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）将木板浸入阻燃剂水溶液中浸渍，取出干燥；
（2）将纳米SiO2添加到水性聚氨酯树脂中，混匀后涂在步骤（1）干燥后的木板表面；
（3）步骤（2）得到的木板经组坯、压制得到所述水性阻燃胶合板。
进一步，步骤（1）阻燃剂水溶液的浓度为10-20wt%，浸渍时间为0.5-4小时。
进一步，步骤（1）干燥后木板的含水率为6-14wt%。
进一步，步骤（2）的施胶量为200-300g/m2。
进一步，步骤（3）所述压制是先冷压后热压；所述冷压（也即在常温下进行压制）的压力为12-18MPa，时间为1.5-2.5h；所述热压的温度为100℃-120℃，压力为6-12MPa，时间为10-30min。
本发明的有益效果
1、本发明阻燃剂与纳米SiO2协同作用，改善高温成碳和阻止碳层氧化，提高了阻燃性能。
2、水性聚氨酯树脂保持了传统溶剂型聚氨酯的一些优良性能外，同时解决了传统胶黏剂使用溶剂造成的甲醛等有害物质的释放问题。
3、在水性聚氨酯树脂胶黏剂中添加纳米SiO2可明显提高胶合板的胶合强度。
4、阻燃剂选用磷酸酯，具有不吸湿、不泛白，不影响胶合板表面涂膜的特点。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
1)将1.5mm杨木单板浸入阻燃剂水溶液中(由15重量份磷酸酯，85重量份水组成)，浸渍2小时后取出，在自然条件下平衡含水率至20%，再用干燥箱干燥至含水率8%；
2)水性胶黏剂：取97重量份水性聚氨酯树脂（市售），3重量份纳米SiO2，搅拌混合均匀。
用上述水性胶黏剂对步骤1）的杨木单板施胶，施胶量250g/m2。
3)对施胶后的杨木单板进行组坯，经经冷压、热压、裁边、砂光处理，得到水性阻燃胶合板。
组坯按常规方式进行，通常采用奇数层单板，相邻单板的纤维方向互相垂直。
冷压（常温）压力为12-18MPa，时间为1.5-2.5h；热压（100℃-120℃）压力为6-12MPa，时间为10-30min。
实施例2
1)将1.5mm杨木单板浸入阻燃剂水溶液中(由15重量份磷酸酯，85重量份水组成)，浸渍2小时后取出，在自然条件下平衡含水率至20%，再用干燥箱干燥至含水率8%；
2)水性胶黏剂：取95重量份水性聚氨酯树脂，5重量份纳米SiO2，搅拌混合均匀；
用上述水性胶黏剂对步骤1）的杨木单板施胶，施胶量250g/m2。
3)对施胶后的杨木单板进行组坯，经冷压、热压、裁边、砂光处理，得到水性阻燃胶合板。
组坏、冷压、热压与实施例1相同。
对照例1
1)水性胶黏剂：水性聚氨酯树脂；
2)用上述水性胶黏剂对1.5mm厚杨木单板施胶，施胶量250g/m2；
3)对施胶后的杨木单板进行组坯，经冷压、热压、裁边、砂光处理，得到水性胶合板。
组坏、冷压、热压与实施例1相同。
对照例2
1)将1.5mm杨木单板浸入阻燃剂水溶液中(由15重量份磷酸酯，85重量份水组成)，浸渍2小时后取出，在自然条件下平衡含水率至20%，再用干燥箱干燥至含水率8%；
2)水性胶黏剂：水性聚氨酯树脂；
用上述水性胶黏剂对杨木单板施胶，施胶量250g/m2；
3)对施胶后的杨木单板进行组坯，经冷压、热压、裁边、砂光处理，得到水性阻燃胶合板。
组坏、冷压、热压与实施例1相同。
按照GB/T17657-2013《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》规定的干燥器法测定甲醛释放量，对实施例和对照例制得的胶合板甲醛含量测定的结果：实施例1、实施例2、对照例1、对照例2的甲醛释放量：均未检出。
按照GB/T8624-2012《建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》标准，参照GB/T2406.2用氧指数法测定燃烧行为，对实施例和对照例制得的胶合板氧指数测定的结果：实施例1：40.7、实施例2：43.4、对照例1：21、对照例2：36.8。
按照GB/T17657-2013《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》规定的类胶合板浸渍剥离测定胶合强度，对实施例和对照例制得的胶合板胶合强度的测定结果：实施例1：1.284Map、实施例2：1.378Map、对照例1：1.193Map、对照例2：1.196Map。
实施例3
1)将1.5mm杨木单板浸入阻燃剂水溶液中(由10重量份磷酸酯，90重量份水组成)，浸渍2小时后取出，在自然条件下平衡含水率至20%，再用干燥箱干燥至含水率6%；
2)水性胶黏剂：取95重量份水性聚氨酯树脂，5重量份纳米SiO2，搅拌混合均匀；
用上述水性胶黏剂对步骤1）的杨木单板施胶，施胶量200g/m2。
3)对施胶后的杨木单板进行组坯，经冷压、热压、裁边、砂光处理，得到水性阻燃胶合板。
实施例4
1)将1.5mm杨木单板浸入阻燃剂水溶液中(由20重量份磷酸酯，80重量份水组成)，浸渍2小时后取出，在自然条件下平衡含水率至20%，再用干燥箱干燥至含水率7%；
2)水性胶黏剂：取95重量份水性聚氨酯树脂，5重量份纳米SiO2，搅拌混合均匀；
用上述水性胶黏剂对步骤1）的杨木单板施胶，施胶量300g/m2。
3)对施胶后的杨木单板进行组坯，经冷压、热压、裁边、砂光处理，得到水性阻燃胶合板。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种水性阻燃胶合板，由若干层浸渍了阻燃剂的木板粘合组成，所述木板用添加了纳米SiO2的水性聚氨酯树脂粘合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水性阻燃胶合板，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂为磷系阻燃剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的水性阻燃胶合板，其特征在于，所述磷系阻燃剂为磷酸酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水性阻燃胶合板，其特征在于，所述水性聚氨酯树脂添加了1～10wt%的纳米SiO2。
5.根据权利要求4所述的水性阻燃胶合板，其特征在于，所述水性聚氨酯树脂添加了3～5wt%的纳米SiO2。
6.权利要求1-5任一所述水性阻燃胶合板的生产方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）将木板浸入阻燃剂水溶液中浸渍，取出干燥；
（2）将纳米SiO2添加到水性聚氨酯树脂中，混匀后涂在步骤（1）干燥后的木板表面；
（3）步骤（2）得到的木板经组坯、压制得到所述水性阻燃胶合板。
7.根据权利要求6所述水性阻燃胶合板的生产方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）阻燃剂水溶液的浓度为10-20wt%，浸渍时间为0.5-4小时。
8.根据权利要求6所述水性阻燃胶合板的生产方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）干燥后木板的含水率为6-14wt%。
9.根据权利要求6所述水性阻燃胶合板的生产方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）的施胶量为200-300g/m2。
10.根据权利要求6所述水性阻燃胶合板的生产方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）所述压制是先冷压后热压；所述冷压的压力为12-18MPa，时间为1.5-2.5h；所述热压的温度为100℃-120℃，压力为6-12MPa，时间为10-30min。
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