CN105498706B - 一种蛋白a免疫亲和柱的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种蛋白A免疫亲和柱的制备方法,包括如下步骤:S1.多孔硅胶先与3‑氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷反应得到氨基改性的硅胶(即改性硅胶);S2.将改性硅胶填装成柱,以1,1'‑羰基二咪唑为偶联剂与蛋白A在色谱柱内反应得到所述蛋白A免疫亲和柱。所述多孔硅胶的粒径为40μm,孔径为100 nm;所述S2中蛋白A量范围在10.0~75.0 mg/g(相对于改性硅胶质量)。本发明选用一定粒径和孔径的改性硅胶,通过柱上衍生法将蛋白A与硅胶结合,制备方法简单,条件温和,减少转移操作,有利于保持蛋白A的活性,进而实现蛋白A免疫亲和材料的连续化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物分离材料技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种蛋白A免疫亲和柱的制备方法。
背景技术
抗体是生物医药领域的中流砥柱。1986年,美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)批准上市了第一个抗体药Orthoclone OKT3用于治疗移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),翻开了生物医药历史崭新的一页。2003年,市场对单克隆抗体的需求量为几克到几千克不等,约占生物药品的20%(Journal of Chromatography B,2007,848(1):97-107)。2015年,超过25种抗体药物被FDA批准用于治疗人类的疾病,临床试验近千例(Journal of Chromatography B,2015,983-984:26-31)。开发工艺简便、适于大规模生产的抗体纯化材料成为生物医药领域的研究热点之一。
由于硅胶具有耐高压、耐高流速和性质稳定等优点,二十世纪七八十年代,研究者采用无定型硅胶或无孔硅胶开发键合蛋白A材料(美国发明专利4681870;Journal ofImmunological Methods,1987,101(2):209-217;Artificial Organs,1989,13(1):71-77;Journal of Chromatography A,1989, 476: 195-203),IMRE Corporation开发的商品柱PROSORBA@ columns (Seattle,WA)在临床得到应用,但普遍存在蛋白A偶联量低、抗体结合能力差(0.1~5 mg)和效率低等不足。1990年,Kuroda等首次报道孔径为2~50 nm的介孔硅胶(Bull Chem,1990, 63:988-992;Journal of the Chemical Society, ChemicalCommunications,1993,8:680-682)。介孔硅胶具有很高的比表面积和大的孔体积,传质扩散性能优良,在蛋白A复合材料制备及纯化生物大分子和抗体中得到良好的应用(Journalof Chromatography A,2007,1161(1-2):36-40;Journal of Materials Chemistry,2009,19(14):2013;Analytical Biochemistry,2011,409(1):123-129)。
将蛋白A偶联到硅胶基质的文献方法主要有:卤代烷烃偶联法(Journal ofChromatography A,2007,1161(1-2):36-40)、戊二醛偶联法(Journal ofChromatographic Science,2011,49(2):148-153)、席夫碱偶联法(AnalyticalBiochemistry,2010,406(2):235-237)和琥珀酰亚胺偶联法(Analytical Biochemistry,2011,409(1):123-129)等。它们各具特色,又有不足,如反应步骤复杂、条件苛刻、或反应时间长,以及在柱外进行蛋白A偶联再转移装柱,不利于规模化生产,更为重要的是,复杂的反应步骤和繁琐的操作可能导致蛋白A变性失活,降低经济效益。
1,1' -羰基二咪唑较多应用在蛋白质的固定中,偶联反应的效率高,反应时间短(Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1979,254(8):2572;Journal of SeparationScience,2013,36(8): 1343-1348;Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2012,40(1):89-94;)。中国发明专利200610123710.9公开了一种为羰基二咪唑偶联法合成琼脂糖基的蛋白A亲合柱;Bencina等用羰基二咪唑偶联法将蛋白A结合到甲基丙烯酸酯整体柱上,蛋白A的偶联量远高于其它方法(Journal of Separation Science,2004,27(10-11):811-818)。然而,尚未见以1,1' -羰基二咪唑为偶联剂,柱上衍生法将蛋白A固定到多孔硅胶的报道。
发明内容
本发明根据目前蛋白A免疫亲和柱生产周期长、反应条件苛刻、转移操作繁琐、难以实现连续化、以及单位蛋白A纯化抗体量低等不足,提供了一种蛋白A免疫亲和柱的制备方法。
本发明的技术目的通过以下技术方案实现:
本发明提供了一种蛋白A免疫亲和柱的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1. 将多孔硅胶与3-三氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷得到改性硅胶;
S2. 将S1中所得改性硅胶装柱,利用1,1'-羰基二咪唑(CDI)作为偶联剂,在柱内与蛋白A发生偶联反应,即得所述蛋白A免疫亲和柱;
所述S1中硅胶的粒径为40 μm,孔径为100 nm;
所述S2中蛋白A的偶联浓度按改性硅胶质量计为10.0~75.0 mg/g。
本发明所述路线如下所示:
载体的孔隙是配体向待分离大分子接近的运动通道,对吸附材料的亲和能力有很大影响,并且这一影响与配体分子及待分离大分子的大小有关,因而亲和吸附材料基质的孔径选择极为重要。其适中的比表面积和较大的孔径尺寸的有利于蛋白A结构的舒展和抗体分子自由进出孔道内,大大降低传质阻碍,达到较高的吸附能力。
本发明人发现,当硅胶孔径为40 μm,粒径为100nm时,较其它孔粒径的硅胶能获得更好的效果。
另外,本发明人发现蛋白A的偶联浓度会影响蛋白A的偶联量和免疫亲和柱纯化抗体的能力。
因此,只有在载体孔径和粒径合适的前提下,采用适当浓度的蛋白A与改性硅胶发生偶联,才能获得抗体纯化的最佳效果。
所述S2中蛋白A的加入量在20.0 ~ 50.0 mg/g范围(按改性硅胶质量计)。本申请人发现在上述蛋白A的量在20.0~50.0 mg/g(按改性硅胶质量计)范围内,其偶联量较10~75mg/g(按改性硅胶质量计)范围内蛋白A的偶联量、覆盖率和结合兔IgG量均有提升。
更优选地,所述S2中蛋白A的量在30.0~50.0 mg/g的范围(按改性硅胶质量计)。即在该条件下,蛋白A在改性硅胶上的偶联量、覆盖率和结合兔IgG量进一步提升。
更优选地,所述S2中蛋白A的量为40.0 mg/g (按改性硅胶质量计)。
本发明以1,1' -羰基二咪唑为偶联剂,柱上衍生法将蛋白A偶联到多孔硅胶基质;在优化的蛋白A初始条件下进行生产,蛋白A免疫亲和柱能在较高的流速下纯化抗体,效率显著提高。
通过本发明提供的蛋白A免疫亲和柱,在硅胶粒径为40 μm,孔径为100 nm,蛋白A的加入量为40 mg/g(按改性硅胶质量计),所述亲和柱表面覆盖率30.1 nmol/m2,兔IgG的结合量达到27.4 mg/g(按改性硅胶质量计),洗脱液中兔IgG纯度为92%~95%,说明本发明制备的蛋白A免疫亲和柱具有优异的偶联和纯化抗体效果,应用前景良好。
优选地,所述S1中硅胶与3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷反应的质量体积比为1: 1.5;所述S1中溶剂为甲苯,所述反应在氮气保护下回流反应,所述反应时间为4 h。
优选地,所述S2中改性硅胶以乙腈-异丙醇的混合液为匀浆液、甲醇为顶替液进行装柱,所述乙腈与异丙醇的体积比为1: 1。
优选地,所述S2中以乙腈冲改性硅胶柱5~15 min,然后以1,1'-羰基二咪唑的乙腈溶液循环冲柱5~30 min,再以溶有蛋白A的磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS)循环冲柱20~40 min,最后使用pH 7.0、50 mM的PBS溶液循环冲柱5~15 min;所述溶解蛋白A的PBS溶液的pH 为7.0,摩尔浓度为10 mM;
所述S2中所述1,1'-羰基二咪唑的质量与乙腈的体积比为1:30。
同现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明通过选用粒径与孔径合适的多孔硅胶基质填柱,有利于蛋白A与抗体分子的结合作用,降低了传质阻碍,提高了蛋白A免疫亲和柱耐受高压和高流速的性能,有利于实现大规模的抗体纯化。采用羰基咪唑偶联法柱上键合蛋白A,制备工艺简便、连续,条件温和,减少了合成过程中的转移操作,有利于保持配体活性和实现蛋白A免疫亲和材料的连续化生产。对蛋白A的偶联浓度进行了优化,有利于提高昂贵的蛋白A的利用率,节约成本。
附图说明
图1为实施例8中蛋白A的HPLC谱图;
图2为实施例8中蛋白A的浓度与HPLC色谱峰间的关系图;
图3为实施例8中IgG的浓度与其在280 nm处的吸光度值间的关系图;
图4为用施例5中的蛋白A亲和柱提纯的IgG电泳图;
图5为用实施例1和实施例7中的蛋白A亲和柱提纯的IgG电泳图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述,有必要在此指出的是本实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,但不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,该领域的技术熟练人员可以根据上述本发明的内容做出一些非本质的改进和调整。
除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
实施例1 在含有40.0 g多孔硅胶(粒径40 μm,孔径10 nm)的无水甲苯溶液中加入60.0 mL的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护加热反应4h,索式洗涤后真空干燥得到氨基改性的硅胶(即改性硅胶)。以体积比1:1的乙腈-异丙醇混合液为匀浆液、甲醇为顶替液,在14MPa压力下将2.0 g改性硅胶装填入不锈钢柱管内。然后,将装填硅胶的不锈钢柱连接到液相泵上,先以乙腈冲柱10 min,接着以2.0 g 1,1'-羰基二咪唑的60 mL乙腈溶液循环冲柱15 min,再以溶有40.0 mg 蛋白A的10 mL PBS溶液(pH 7.0,10 mM)循环冲柱30 min,继续以10 mL PBS溶液(pH 7.0,50 mM) 循环冲柱10min洗除未键合的蛋白A,4℃保存。
实施例2 在含有40.0 g多孔硅胶(粒径40 μm,孔径100 nm)的无水甲苯溶液中加入60.0 mL的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护加热反应4h,索式洗涤后真空干燥得到氨基改性的硅胶(即改性硅胶)。以体积比1:1的乙腈-异丙醇混合液为匀浆液、甲醇为顶替液,在14 MPa压力下将2.0 g改性硅胶装填入不锈钢柱管内。然后,将装填硅胶的不锈钢柱连接到液相泵上,先以乙腈冲柱10 min,接着以2.0 g 1,1'-羰基二咪唑的60 mL乙腈溶液循环冲柱 15 min,再以溶有40.0 mg 蛋白A的10 mL PBS溶液(pH 7.0,10 mM)循环冲柱30 min,继续以10 mL PBS溶液(pH 7.0,50 mM)循环冲柱10min洗除未键合的蛋白A,4℃保存。
实施例3 在含有40.0 g多孔硅胶(粒径40 μm,孔径100 nm)的无水甲苯溶液中加入60.0 mL的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护加热反应4h,索式洗涤后真空干燥得到氨基改性的硅胶(即改性硅胶)。以体积比1:1的乙腈-异丙醇混合液为匀浆液、甲醇为顶替液,在14 MPa压力下将2.0 g改性硅胶装填入不锈钢柱管内。然后,将装填硅胶的不锈钢柱连接到液相泵上,先以乙腈冲柱10 min,接着以2.0 g 1,1'-羰基二咪唑的60 mL乙腈溶液循环冲柱 15 min,再以溶有20.0 mg 蛋白A的10 mL PBS溶液(pH 7.0,10 mM)循环冲柱30 min,继续以10 mL PBS溶液(pH 7.0,50 mM)循环冲柱10min洗除未键合的蛋白A,4℃保存。
实施例4 在含有40.0 g多孔硅胶(粒径40 μm,孔径100 nm)的无水甲苯溶液中加入60.0 mL的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护加热反应4h,索式洗涤后真空干燥得到氨基改性的硅胶(即改性硅胶)。以体积比1:1的乙腈-异丙醇混合液为匀浆液、甲醇为顶替液,在14 MPa压力下将2.0 g改性硅胶装填入不锈钢柱管内。然后,将装填硅胶的不锈钢柱连接到液相泵上,先以乙腈冲柱10 min,接着以2.0 g 1,1'-羰基二咪唑的60 mL乙腈溶液循环冲柱 15 min,再以溶有60.0 mg 蛋白A的10 mL PBS溶液(pH 7.0,10 mM)循环冲柱30 min,继续以10 mL PBS溶液(pH 7.0,50 mM)循环冲柱10min洗除未键合的蛋白A,4℃保存。。
实施例5 在含有40.0 g多孔硅胶(粒径40 μm,孔径100 nm)的无水甲苯溶液中加入60.0 mL的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护加热反应4h,索式洗涤后真空干燥得到氨基改性的硅胶(即改性硅胶)。以体积比1:1的乙腈-异丙醇混合液为匀浆液、甲醇为顶替液,在14 MPa压力下将2.0 g改性硅胶装填入不锈钢柱管内。然后,将装填硅胶的不锈钢柱连接到液相泵上,先以乙腈冲柱10 min,接着以2.0 g 1,1'-羰基二咪唑的60 mL乙腈溶液循环冲柱 15 min,再以溶有80.0 mg 蛋白A的10 mL PBS溶液(pH 7.0,10 mM)循环冲柱30 min,继续以10 mL PBS溶液(pH 7.0,50 mM)循环冲柱10min洗除未键合的蛋白A,4℃保存。。
实施例6 在含有40.0 g多孔硅胶(粒径40 μm,孔径100 nm)的无水甲苯溶液中加入60.0 mL的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护加热反应4h,索式洗涤后真空干燥得到氨基改性的硅胶(即改性硅胶)。以体积比1:1的乙腈-异丙醇混合液为匀浆液、甲醇为顶替液,在14 MPa压力下将2.0 g改性硅胶装填入不锈钢柱管内。然后,将装填硅胶的不锈钢柱连接到液相泵上,先以乙腈冲柱10 min,接着以2.0 g 1,1'-羰基二咪唑的60 mL乙腈溶液循环冲柱 15 min,再以溶有100.0 mg 蛋白A的10 mL PBS溶液(pH 7.0,10 mM)循环冲柱30 min,继续以10 mL PBS溶液(pH 7.0,50 mM)循环冲柱10min洗除未键合的蛋白A,4℃保存。。
实施例7 在含有40.0 g多孔硅胶(粒径40 μm,孔径100 nm)的无水甲苯溶液中加入60.0 mL的3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,氮气保护加热反应4h,索式洗涤后真空干燥得到氨基改性的硅胶(即改性硅胶)。以体积比1:1的乙腈-异丙醇混合液为匀浆液、甲醇为顶替液,在14 MPa压力下将2.0 g改性硅胶装填入不锈钢柱管内。然后,将装填硅胶的不锈钢柱连接到液相泵上,先以乙腈冲柱10 min,接着以2.0 g 1,1'-羰基二咪唑的60 mL乙腈溶液循环冲柱 15 min,再以溶有150.0 mg 蛋白A的10 mL PBS溶液(pH 7.0,10 mM)循环冲柱30 min,继续以10 mL PBS溶液(pH 7.0,50 mM)循环冲柱10min洗除未键合的蛋白A,4℃保存。。
实施例8 本发明制备的蛋白A免疫亲和柱中蛋白A偶联量通过HPLC标准曲线法测得。蛋白A的HPLC色谱图如图1所示,蛋白A浓度(c, mg/mL)和峰面积(A)间的标准曲线如图2所示。其标准曲线的拟合方程为:A=4.75×106 c+128335 (R 2=0.998);进而通过下述计算蛋白A在硅胶柱上的偶联量,
蛋白A偶联量计算公式如下: M a=(c 1 V 1-c 2 V 2- c 3 V 3)/M b
其中M a :蛋白A偶联量(mg/g-silica);c 1和V 1:蛋白A上样前浓度 (mg/L)和体积(mL);c 2和V 2:蛋白A上样后浓度(mg/L)和体积(mL);c 3和V 3:洗脱液浓度(mg/L)和体积(mL);Mb :硅胶的质量(g)。表面覆盖率:C = (M a/M)×106/S g
其中,C:蛋白A表面覆盖率(nmol/m2);M a :蛋白A偶联量(mg/g-silica);M:蛋白A的相对分子质量 (23 KDa);S g:硅胶的比表面积(m2/g)
本发明制备的蛋白A免疫亲和柱结合抗体IgG的评价:在连接有蛋白A免疫亲和柱的液相系统中,先以1.0 mL /min的流速冲pH 7.4 20 mM PBS缓冲液至基线平稳;然后以10.0 mL/min的流速注入 6 mL标准兔血清,上样后再以pH 7. 4、20 mM PBS缓冲液冲至基线平稳;再用pH 3.0 10 mM甘氨酸溶液以10.0 mL/min 的流速洗脱与蛋白A结合的抗体IgG,收集洗脱液;在洗脱液中滴加pH 8.5 1 M的Tris溶液,调节溶液pH值至中性。
IgG的含量测定:先测定一系列不同浓度的IgG溶液在280 nm处的吸光度,建立IgG的浓度(c IgG)与吸光度(Abs)间的关系,即标准曲线(见图3)。其标准曲线拟合方程为:Abs=1.31c IgG-0.03 (R2=0.999)。然后,以相同的方法测得上述洗脱液在280 nm处的吸光度值,代入标准曲线即得到相应的IgG浓度,进而通过下式计算得到蛋白A亲和柱结合的IgG量。m IgG (mg) = c IgG (mg/mL)×V (mL)。
在本文中,当硅胶孔径由100 nm减小到10 nm时,硅胶比表面积显著增大,而蛋白A不易与硅胶结合,故表面覆盖率从20.0 nmol/m2显著降低到1.5 nmol/m2;
在采用粒径为40 μm孔径为100 nm的硅胶基质上,随着蛋白A加入量的增加,蛋白A在硅胶上的偶联量呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,在40 mg/g(按改性硅胶质量计)时,蛋白A的偶联量最大,表面覆盖率最高,同时在纯化IgG时表现最佳,兔血清IgG的结合量达到最大值,即27.4 ±1.2 mg/g。
表1 实施例1~7所得蛋白A免疫亲和柱的性能
在相同条件下,以2 mL标准兔血清为样品,对实施例5的免疫亲和柱、琼脂糖基蛋白A免疫亲合柱(本公司自主开发)和GE-Mabselcetxtra rprotein A商品柱开展抗体纯化实验(见表2)。与其它方法制备的免疫亲和柱和GE公司商品柱,本发明所制备的免疫亲和柱具有更大的抗体结合量,单位蛋白A具有更高的抗体结合比例,即蛋白A利用率更高。
表2 不同亲和柱纯化抗体能力对比
柱种类 | 兔IgG结合量(mg/g-silica) | 每毫克蛋白A纯化IgG量(mg) |
(按实施例5方法制备)硅胶基蛋白A免疫亲和柱 | 11.2 | 0.6 |
琼脂糖基蛋白A免疫亲和柱* | 3.0 | 0.2 |
GE-Mabselcetxtra rprotein A | 9.2 | 0.5 |
* 琼脂糖基蛋白A免疫亲和柱为广州研创生物技术发展有限公司生产。
实施例9 抗体IgG的纯度测定:对以实施例1、5和7的免疫亲合柱提纯的抗体IgG进行SDS-PAGE研究,扫描胶片,通过凝胶成像系统分析洗脱液中抗体的纯度,结果见图4和5。兔血清样品在65 KDa、55 KDa和25KDa处出现3 条明显的条带,分别对应为白蛋白、兔IgG重链和兔IgG 轻链;而在提纯得到的洗脱液中(即IgG样品),分别在55KDa和25KDa处出现2条条带,分别对应为兔IgG 重链和IgG 轻链,进一步通过凝胶成像系统分析,兔IgG的纯度在92%~95%。
Claims (8)
1.一种蛋白A免疫亲和柱的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1.将多孔硅胶与3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷在溶剂中反应得到改性硅胶;
S2.将S1中所得改性硅胶装柱,以1,1'-羰基二咪唑为偶联剂,在柱内与蛋白A发生偶联反应,得到所述蛋白A免疫亲和柱;
所述多孔硅胶的粒径为40μm,孔径为100nm;
按改性硅胶质量计,所述S2中蛋白A的用量在20.0~50.0mg/g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2中蛋白A的用量为40.0mg/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S1中硅胶与3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷反应的质量体积比为1:1.5;所述S1中溶剂为甲苯,所述反应在氮气保护下回流反应,所述反应时间为4h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2中改性硅胶以乙腈-异丙醇的混合液为匀浆液、甲醇为顶替液进行装柱,所述乙腈与异丙醇的体积比为1:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2中以乙腈冲改性硅胶柱5~15min,然后以1,1'-羰基二咪唑的乙腈溶液循环冲柱5~30min,再以溶解有蛋白A的PBS溶液循环冲柱20~40min,最后继续使用pH为7.0,质量摩尔浓度为50mM的PBS溶液循环冲柱5~15min;
所述溶解有蛋白A的PBS溶液的pH为7.0,质量摩尔浓度为10mM。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2中所述1,1'-羰基二咪唑的质量与乙腈的体积比为1:30。
7.权利要求1至6任意一项权利要求所述的方法制备得到的蛋白A免疫亲和柱。
8.权利要求7所述的蛋白A免疫亲和柱应用于纯化兔血清蛋白中的抗体IgG。
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