CN105498703A - 一种可吸附环境中有害气体的生物环保吸附剂 - Google Patents

一种可吸附环境中有害气体的生物环保吸附剂 Download PDF

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CN105498703A
CN105498703A CN201510867505.2A CN201510867505A CN105498703A CN 105498703 A CN105498703 A CN 105498703A CN 201510867505 A CN201510867505 A CN 201510867505A CN 105498703 A CN105498703 A CN 105498703A
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李丽萍
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Abstract

本发明属于环保技术领域，公开了一种可吸附环境中有害气体的生物环保吸附剂，其由如下原料制备而得：水，活性炭，秸秆，硅胶，海泡石，硅藻土，植物提取液，竹原纤维，苎麻纤维，石英砂，高岭土，十二烷基磺酸钠，甲壳素，无水硫酸钠。本发明吸附剂对甲苯，甲醛以及硫化氢等有害气体的吸附效果好。

Description

一种可吸附环境中有害气体的生物环保吸附剂
技术领域
本发明属于环保技术领域，具体涉及一种可吸附环境中有害气体的生物环保吸附剂。
背景技术
有害气体是指对人或动物的健康产生不利影响，或者说对人和动物的健康虽无影响，但使人或动物感到不舒服，影响人或动物舒适度的气体。如甲醛、H2S和芳香烃等等。
有关资料表明室内空气污染比室外高5～10倍，室内空气污染物多达500多种。室内空气污染已成为多种疾病的诱因，而甲醛则是造成室内空气污染的一个主要方面。甲醛污染问题主要集中于居室、纺织品和食品中。居室装饰材料和家具中的胶合板、纤维板、刨花板等人造板材中含有大量以甲醛为主的脲醛树脂，各类油漆、涂料中都含有甲醛。
甲醛对健康危害主要有以下几个方面：a、刺激作用：甲醛的主要危害表现为对皮肤黏膜的刺激作用，甲醛是原浆毒物质，能与蛋白质结合、高浓度吸入时出现呼吸道严重的刺激和水肿、眼刺激、头痛。b、致敏作用：皮肤直接接触甲醛可引起过敏性皮炎、色斑、坏死，吸入高浓度甲醛时可诱发支气管哮喘。c、致突变作用：高浓度甲醛还是一种基因毒性物质。实验动物在实验室高浓度吸入的情况下，可引起鼻咽肿瘤。d、突出表现：头痛、头晕、乏力、恶心、呕吐、胸闷、眼痛、嗓子痛、胃纳差、心悸、失眠、体重减轻、记忆力减退以及植物神经紊乱等；孕妇长期吸入可能导致胎儿畸形，甚至死亡，男子长期吸入可导致男子精子畸形、死亡等。
目前，去除甲醛等有害气体的主要方法是通风和物理吸附；很多厂家生产吸附剂，但是效果不理想，而且不够环保，容易二次污染；因此，开发一种高效的生物环保吸附剂尤为重要。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中室内有害气体吸附剂吸附效果差等技术问题，本发明提供了一种可吸附环境中有害气体的生物环保吸附剂，该吸附剂吸附效果好，环保无污染。
为实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
一种可吸附环境中有害气体的生物环保吸附剂，其由如下原料制备而得：
水，活性炭，秸秆，硅胶，海泡石，硅藻土，植物提取液，竹原纤维，苎麻纤维，石英砂，高岭土，十二烷基磺酸钠，甲壳素，无水硫酸钠；
具体地，其由如下重量份的原料制备而得：
水20-25份，活性炭12-18份，秸秆8-10份，硅胶7-9份，海泡石6-8份，硅藻土4-5份，植物提取液4-5份，竹原纤维3-4份，苎麻纤维3-4份，石英砂2-3份，高岭土2-3份，十二烷基磺酸钠1-2份，甲壳素1-2份，无水硫酸钠1-2份；其中，硅胶的粒径为150-250um，比表面积为300-400m2/g，孔体积为0.8-1.0ml/g；海泡石以及石英砂粒径控制在50-500um；所述植物提取液按照如下方法制备而得：
取鹿蹄草和山豆根，按照2∶1的质量比混合均匀，然后加3倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮30min，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加水，以没过滤渣为准，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮15分钟，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液即得；
本发明还公开了上述吸附剂的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤：
称取原料：按照重量份称取各原料备用；
制备复合物A：将海泡石，石英砂，十二烷基磺酸钠以及水混合，100转/min搅拌30min，然后加热至70-75℃，保温10min，然后冷却至室温即得；
制备复合物B：将秸秆用粉碎机粉碎，然后添加甲壳素，混合均匀，研磨至100目的混合粉末；
制备复合物C：将硅藻土和高岭土混合，然后置于在煅烧炉中煅烧3h，煅烧温度为900℃，取出，冷却至室温即得；
搅拌和粉碎：将活性炭，硅胶，竹原纤维，苎麻纤维以及无水硫酸钠混合，然后添加到植物提取液中，搅拌均匀后加入复合物A、复合物B和复合物C，搅拌均匀，然后置于80℃烘干，最后粉碎成粉末即得。
本发明取得的有益效果主要包括以下几个方面：
本发明生物环保吸附剂去除有害气体效果好，环保无污染；本发明采用十二烷基磺酸钠对海泡石和石英砂改性，提高其吸附容量；采用煅烧硅藻土和高岭土的工艺，大大提高了吸附能力；本发明提取植物的有效成分，结合活性炭和硅胶用于甲醛等气体吸附，效果大大增强；本发明生物环保吸附剂原料配伍合理，使用面积广，且对人体无害，健康安全；本发明生物环保吸附剂价格低廉，制备工艺简单，环保性能好等优势；使用后的废弃吸附剂还可以用于肥料制备。
具体实施方式
以下将采用具体的实施例来对本发明作进一步的解释，但是不应当看作是对本发明创新精神的限制。
实施例1
一种可吸附环境中有害气体的生物环保吸附剂，其由如下重量份的原料制备而得：
水20份，活性炭12份，秸秆8份，硅胶7份，海泡石6份，硅藻土4份，植物提取液4份，竹原纤维3份，苎麻纤维3份，石英砂2份，高岭土2份，十二烷基磺酸钠1份，甲壳素1份，无水硫酸钠1份；其中，硅胶的粒径为150-250um，比表面积为300-400m2/g，孔体积为0.8-1.0ml/g；海泡石以及石英砂粒径控制在50-500um；
所述植物提取液按照如下方法制备而得：
取鹿蹄草和山豆根，按照2∶1的质量比混合均匀，然后加3倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮30min，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加水，以没过滤渣为准，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮15分钟，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液即得；
上述吸附剂的制备方法具体包括如下步骤：
称取原料：按照重量份称取各原料备用；
制备复合物A：将海泡石，石英砂，十二烷基磺酸钠以及水混合，100转/min搅拌30min，然后加热至70℃，保温10min，然后冷却至室温即得；
制备复合物B：将秸秆用粉碎机粉碎，然后添加甲壳素，混合均匀，研磨至100目的混合粉末；
制备复合物C：将硅藻土和高岭土混合，然后置于在煅烧炉中煅烧3h，煅烧温度为900℃，取出，冷却至室温即得；
搅拌和粉碎：将活性炭，硅胶，竹原纤维，苎麻纤维以及无水硫酸钠混合，然后添加到植物提取液中，搅拌均匀后加入复合物A、复合物B和复合物C，搅拌均匀，然后置于80℃烘干，最后粉碎成粉末即得。
实施例2
一种可吸附环境中有害气体的生物环保吸附剂，其由如下重量份的原料制备而得：
水25份，活性炭18份，秸秆10份，硅胶9份，海泡石8份，硅藻土5份，植物提取液5份，竹原纤维4份，苎麻纤维4份，石英砂3份，高岭土3份，十二烷基磺酸钠2份，甲壳素2份，无水硫酸钠2份；其中，硅胶的粒径为150-250um，比表面积为300-400m2/g，孔体积为0.8-1.0ml/g；海泡石以及石英砂粒径控制在50-500um；
所述植物提取液按照如下方法制备而得：
取鹿蹄草和山豆根，按照2∶1的质量比混合均匀，然后加3倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮30min，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加水，以没过滤渣为准，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮15分钟，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液即得；
上述吸附剂的制备方法具体包括如下步骤：
称取原料：按照重量份称取各原料备用；
制备复合物A：将海泡石，石英砂，十二烷基磺酸钠以及水混合，100转/min搅拌30min，然后加热至75℃，保温10min，然后冷却至室温即得；
制备复合物B：将秸秆用粉碎机粉碎，然后添加甲壳素，混合均匀，研磨至100目的混合粉末；
制备复合物C：将硅藻土和高岭土混合，然后置于在煅烧炉中煅烧3h，煅烧温度为900℃，取出，冷却至室温即得；
搅拌和粉碎：将活性炭，硅胶，竹原纤维，苎麻纤维以及无水硫酸钠混合，然后添加到植物提取液中，搅拌均匀后加入复合物A、复合物B和复合物C，搅拌均匀，然后置于80℃烘干，最后粉碎成粉末即得。
实施例3
本发明吸附剂的吸附效果试验：
分别取实施例1-2的吸附剂2g，放置于反应器中进行实验，模拟检测了室内常见的有害气体，条件如下：甲苯、甲醛以及硫化氢组成的合成空气吹入反应体系，控制甲苯浓度为12mg/m3，甲醛浓度为2mg/m3，硫化氢1.1mg/m3，反应空速为(GHSV)为80，000h-1。检测吸附剂对各类污染物的吸附量(有害气体/吸附剂＝mg/g)，结果如表1所示。
表1
组别 甲苯 甲醛 硫化氢
实施例1 81.3mg/g 24.3mg/g 6.8mg/g
实施例2 79.2mg/g 24.9mg/g 7.1mg/g
结论：通过上表1可以确定，本发明吸附剂对甲苯，甲醛以及硫化氢等有害气体的吸附效果好，效果高。
以上列举的仅是本发明的最佳具体实施例。显然，本发明不限于以上实施例，还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种可吸附环境中有害气体的生物环保吸附剂，其由如下原料制备而得：
水，活性炭，秸秆，硅胶，海泡石，硅藻土，植物提取液，竹原纤维，苎麻纤维，石英砂，高岭土，十二烷基磺酸钠，甲壳素，无水硫酸钠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸附剂，其特征在于，所述吸附剂由如下重量份的原料制备而得：
水20-25份，活性炭12-18份，秸秆8-10份，硅胶7-9份，海泡石6-8份，硅藻土4-5份，植物提取液4-5份，竹原纤维3-4份，苎麻纤维3-4份，石英砂2-3份，高岭土2-3份，十二烷基磺酸钠1-2份，甲壳素1-2份，无水硫酸钠1-2份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的吸附剂，其特征在于，所述硅胶的粒径为150-250um，比表面积为300-400m2/g，孔体积为0.8-1.0ml/g；
所述海泡石以及石英砂粒径为50-500um；
所述植物提取液按照如下方法制备而得：取鹿蹄草和山豆根，按照2∶1的质量比混合均匀，然后加3倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮30min，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加水，以没过滤渣为准，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮15分钟，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液即得。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的吸附剂，其特征在于，所述吸附剂的制备方法包括如下步骤：
1)称取原料：按照重量份称取各原料备用；
2)制备复合物A：将海泡石，石英砂，十二烷基磺酸钠以及水混合，100转/min搅拌30min，然后加热至70-75℃，保温10min，然后冷却至室温即得；
3)制备复合物B：将秸秆用粉碎机粉碎，然后添加甲壳素，混合均匀，研磨至100目的混合粉末；
4)制备复合物C：将硅藻土和高岭土混合，然后置于在煅烧炉中煅烧3h，煅烧温度为900℃，取出，冷却至室温即得；
5)搅拌和粉碎：将活性炭，硅胶，竹原纤维，苎麻纤维以及无水硫酸钠混合，然后添加到植物提取液中，搅拌均匀后加入复合物A、复合物B和复合物C，搅拌均匀，然后置于80℃烘干，最后粉碎成粉末即得。
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