CN105498693B - 一种含活性炭的针织基体复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含活性炭的针织基体复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105498693B
CN105498693B CN201510832852.1A CN201510832852A CN105498693B CN 105498693 B CN105498693 B CN 105498693B CN 201510832852 A CN201510832852 A CN 201510832852A CN 105498693 B CN105498693 B CN 105498693B
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张默涵
李永贵
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Suzhou Textile Technology Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明属于吸附、过滤材料的制备领域，具体涉及一种含活性炭的针织基体复合材料及其制备方法。先将活性炭颗粒或粉末分散于液体中制成浸渍液，并准备浸渍环境，再通过浸渍涂布法，使活性炭均匀附着于经编织物上，并经挤压烘干制得含活性炭的纺织复合材料。采用此方法制备成的经编织物与活性炭的复合材料利用经编织物基体的特殊结构和物理特性部分补偿了颗粒或粉末状活性炭因沉降导致的吸附过滤性能下降的不足，且具有纺织材料可弯曲、特别是经编纺织材料不易变形、孔隙大小可以灵活调整、使用方便的优越性，有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种含活性炭的针织基体复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于吸附、过滤材料的制备领域，具体涉及一种含活性炭的针织基体复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
活性炭作为过滤材料具有很强的实用性。因为活性炭具有高度发达的孔隙结构和极大的比表面积，以及结构本身含有大量化学活性官能团，且具有制备相对简单、容易再生等特性，已经成为应用最为广泛的吸附、过滤材料。特别是柔性复合过滤材料能被广泛应用于过滤与安全保护、特殊功能服装、医疗、工业制造的各个环节。
目前利用活性炭的纺织复合材料一般使用无纺布或梭织布，或直接使用活性炭纤维织物为基体，无纺布基体和活性炭纤维织物具有强度低、纤维易碎裂、不利于回收及再生的缺点，且活性炭纤维织物的制备成本较高。机织物由于一般比较平整，缺少空隙或空洞，活性炭不易渗入分布在布中而固着，应用受到局限。
与传统方法相比，使用含活性炭溶液浸渍基体的复合方法能够充分利用现有的工厂设备，且经编织物作为过滤材料基体，其线圈形成较多的弯曲迂回，尤其是经编间隔织物两面网孔较小，中间空隙较大，因此能够容纳更多的活性炭，且可以防止活性炭颗粒的流失，具有更好的过滤效果。与非织造布过滤材料相比较，针织过滤材料具有更好的强度和耐磨性。本发明尽量发挥了活性炭和经编针织材料的性能优势，把握了过滤吸附性能和基体物理性能的平衡，具有良好的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种含活性炭的针织基体复合材料及其制备方法。采用此方法制备成的经编织物与活性炭的复合材料利用经编织物基体的特殊结构和物理特性部分补偿了颗粒或粉末状活性炭因沉降导致的吸附过滤性能下降的不足，且具有纺织材料可弯曲、特别是经编纺织材料不易变形、孔隙大小可以灵活调整、活性炭容量大、不易流失、使用方便的优越性，有广阔的应用前景。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种含活性炭的针织基体复合材料的制备方法：以含活性炭的溶液为浸渍液，以经编织物为过滤材料载体，在浸渍液中投入经编织物，使经编织物均匀地附着浸渍液，经整理后，制得含活性炭的针织基体复合材料。
所述的含活性炭的针织基体复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1）浸渍液的配制：将0.1-0.25重量份的分散剂及0.3-0.75重量份的助剂加入39.6-9重量份的蒸馏水中得到溶液1，另将15-30份的活性炭粉末加入40重量份的蒸馏水中充分搅拌，以将活性炭孔隙封堵，得到溶液2；将溶液1和溶液2混合搅拌10min，在混合溶液中加入5-20重量份的粘合剂，搅拌至均匀，即得浸渍液；
2）浸渍环境的准备：将步骤1）配制的浸渍液注入可加热的容器，升温并稳定至30℃；采用连续搅拌保持活性炭悬浮液的稳定；容器体积能完全容纳浸渍液及经编织物；
3）经编针织物的浸渍涂布：将经编织物完全浸没至步骤2）的浸渍环境中；
4）整理：将被浸渍过的经编织物均匀地挤压排出多余浸渍液，并在烘干机中烘干，将活性炭孔隙中的水分蒸发，即得含活性炭的针织基体复合材料。
步骤1）中所述的活性炭包括木质活性炭和矿物质原料活性炭中的一种；粒径为180-300目；
步骤1）中所述的分散剂为十二烷基硫酸钠或十二烷基磺酸钠，助剂为聚乙烯醇，粘合剂为聚醋酸乙烯乳液（工业级）；
步骤1）中所述的活性炭必须先充分浸渍于蒸馏水中，并保持此状态10分钟以上，在与基体复合前，以水为封孔剂封堵活性炭表面孔洞；
步骤4）中所述的烘干，烘箱温度100-110℃，烘干时间为20分钟。
一种如上所述的制备方法制得的含活性炭的针织基体复合材料，所述复合材料中活性炭的质量百分含量为10%-25%。
本发明的有益效果在于：
（1）本发明对设备的要求并不十分严格，在实际生产过程中的操作性好，实际应用范围广；
（2）本发明使活性炭成分均匀附着于经编织物的各部分，经编织物基体的特殊结构和物理特性部分补偿了颗粒或粉末状活性炭因沉降导致的吸附过滤性能下降的不足；
（3）本发明采用经编针织物作为复合材料基体，制成的复合材料具有经编纺织材料的性能优点：可弯曲、可挤压，可反复使用，耐摩擦，透气性好，不易变形，组织结构多样。而且活性炭容量大，不易流失等优点。
具体实施方式
本发明用下列实施例来进一步说明本发明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于下列实施例。
实施例1
一种含活性炭的针织基体复合材料的制备方法，具体步骤为：
1）浸渍液的备制：将0.1重量份的分散剂及其0.3重量份的助剂加入至39.6份蒸馏水中，充分搅拌10分钟后得到溶液1；另将15重量份的活性炭加入至40重量份蒸馏水中，以将活性炭孔隙封堵，充分搅拌10分钟后得到溶液2；将溶液1与溶液2混合搅拌10分钟，在搅拌好的溶液中加入5重量份的粘合剂，搅拌至均匀即得浸渍液；
2）浸渍环境的准备：采用水浴锅加热浸渍液，升温并稳定至30℃，并加以连续搅拌以保持活性炭悬浮液的稳定；
3）经编针织物的浸渍涂布：将5重量份的经编针织物均匀地完全浸没至步骤2）的浸渍环境中，待浸没后继续浸渍10分钟，此时浸渍液需在容器内不断循环而非静止状态；
4）整理：将被浸渍过的经编针织物基体均匀地挤压排出多余浸渍液，在烘箱中烘干，烘箱设置温度100℃，烘干时间为20分钟，即一种含活性炭的针织基体复合材料；
所制得含活性炭的针织基体复合材料中活性炭的质量百分含量为15.1%。
实施例2
一种含活性炭的针织基体复合材料的制备方法，具体步骤为：
1）浸渍液的备制：将0.25重量份的分散剂及其0.75重量份的助剂加入至9份蒸馏水中，充分搅拌10分钟后得到溶液1；另将30重量份的活性炭加入至40重量份蒸馏水中，以将活性炭孔隙封堵，充分搅拌10分钟后得到溶液2；将溶液1与溶液2混合搅拌10分钟，在搅拌好的溶液中加入20重量份的粘合剂，搅拌至均匀即得浸渍液；
2）浸渍环境的准备：采用水浴锅加热浸渍液，升温并稳定至30℃，并加以连续搅拌以保持活性炭悬浮液的稳定；
3）经编针织物的浸渍涂布：将5重量份的经编针织物均匀地完全浸没至步骤2）的浸渍环境中，待浸没后继续浸渍10分钟，此时浸渍液需在容器内不断循环而非静止状态；
4）整理：将被浸渍过的经编针织物基体均匀地挤压排出多余浸渍液，在烘箱中烘干，烘箱设置温度110℃，烘干时间为20分钟，即一种含活性炭的针织基体复合材料；
所制得含活性炭的针织基体复合材料中活性炭的质量百分含量为20.5%。
实施例3
一种含活性炭的针织基体复合材料的制备方法，具体步骤为：
1）浸渍液的备制：将0.2重量份的分散剂及0.6重量份的助剂加入至22.2份蒸馏水中，充分搅拌10分钟后得到溶液1；另将25重量份的活性炭粉末加入至40重量份蒸馏水中，以将活性炭孔隙封堵，充分搅拌10分钟后得到溶液2；将溶液1与溶液2混合搅拌10分钟，在搅拌好的溶液中加入12重量份的粘合剂，搅拌至均匀即得浸渍液；
2）浸渍环境的准备：采用水浴锅加热浸渍液，升温并稳定至30℃，并以加以连续搅拌以保持活性炭悬浮液的稳定；
3）经编针织物的浸渍涂布：将5重量份的经编针织物均匀地完全浸没至步骤2）的浸渍环境中，待浸没后继续浸渍10分钟，此时浸渍液需在容器内不断循环而非静止状态；
4）整理：将被浸渍过的经编针织物基体均匀地挤压排出多余浸渍液，在烘箱中烘干，烘箱设置温度105℃，烘干时间为20分钟，即一种含活性炭的针织基体复合材料；
所制得含活性炭的针织基体复合材料中活性炭的质量百分含量为17.8%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种含活性炭的针织基体复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
1）浸渍液的配制：将0.1-0.25重量份的分散剂及0.3-0.75重量份的助剂加入39.6-9重量份的蒸馏水中得到溶液1，另将15-30份的活性炭加入40重量份的蒸馏水中充分搅拌，并保持此状态10分钟，以将活性炭孔隙封堵，得到溶液2；将溶液1和溶液2混合搅拌10min，在混合溶液中加入5-20重量份的粘合剂，搅拌至均匀，即得浸渍液；
2）浸渍环境的准备：将步骤1）配制的浸渍液注入容器，升温并稳定至30℃；并采用连续搅拌保持活性炭悬浮液的稳定；
3）经编针织物的浸渍涂布：将经编织物完全浸没至步骤2）的浸渍环境中；
4）整理：将被浸渍过的经编织物均匀地挤压排出多余浸渍液，并在烘干机中烘干，将活性炭孔隙中的水分蒸发，即得含活性炭的针织基体复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含活性炭的针织基体复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1）中所述的活性炭包括木质活性炭和矿物质原料活性炭中的一种；活性炭的粒径为180-300目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含活性炭的针织基体复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1）中所述的分散剂为十二烷基硫酸钠或十二烷基磺酸钠，助剂为聚乙烯醇，粘合剂为聚醋酸乙烯乳液或聚乙烯醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含活性炭的针织基体复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤4）中所述的烘干，烘箱温度100-110℃，烘干时间为20分钟。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的制备方法制得的含活性炭的针织基体复合材料，其特征在于：所述复合材料中活性炭的质量百分含量为10%-25%。
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