CN105496978A - 替马西泮的口腔崩解片组合物 - Google Patents
替马西泮的口腔崩解片组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105496978A CN105496978A CN201510958509.1A CN201510958509A CN105496978A CN 105496978 A CN105496978 A CN 105496978A CN 201510958509 A CN201510958509 A CN 201510958509A CN 105496978 A CN105496978 A CN 105496978A
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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Abstract
本发明的组合物是口腔崩解片组合物,这些组合物包括一个治疗有效量的至少一种药物例如替马西泮、0.5-3%的一种ODT粘合剂聚合物、一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及一种崩解剂。
Description
本申请是申请号为200880125246.4的中国专利申请(国际申请日:2008年12月19日,国际申请号:PCT/US2008/087583,发明名称:替马西泮的口腔崩解片组合物)的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2007年12月21日提交的美国临时申请号61/015,931的优先权,出于所有的目的将其通过引用以其全文结合在此。
技术领域
本发明涉及口腔崩解片组合物,以及制造此类组合物的改进的方法。本发明的组合物包括一种药物、0.5-3%的一种ODT粘合剂聚合物、一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及一种崩解剂。
背景技术
吞咽困难或归因于害怕窒息的在吞咽中的困难在所有年龄组中都是常见的。例如,观察到在约35%的一般人群、连同另外30-40%的上年纪的被送至专门机构的患者以及18-22%的长期护理场所中的所有的人中,其中有很多要求定期使用药物来维持他们的生活质量。这就导致对于这种治疗的欠佳的依从性或甚至不依从,因此对这种治疗的疗效具有消极影响。常规的胶囊或片剂剂型对于“处于移动状态的人”也是不便的,这些人经常不能喝到水或流体。此外,一些小儿科的、老人的、以及精神病的患者人群表现出“厚脸皮”行为(即将口服剂型保持在口颊中)以避免吞咽药物。因此,ODT配制品对改进患者的依从性将是令人希望的,特别是在上年纪的和被送至专门机构的患者之中,这是因为ODT配制品是容易吞咽的并且避免了“厚脸皮”。
然而,为了是药理学上可接受的,ODT配制品必须是适口的,例如具有可接受的感官特性(如良好的味道和口感),这是因为ODT片被设计为在患者的口中崩解。对于苦味的药物,ODT配制品可能需要一种掩味聚合物以改进配制品的味道特征并且提供一种“奶油的”口感。此外,ODT配制品还必须提供可接受的药物代谢动力学和生物利用率以提供所希望的治疗效果。ODT配制品的这些所希望的特性可以是相矛盾的,在于:掩味可以抑制或延迟药物释放,由此提供不可接受的药物代谢动力学特性。相反,配制品的促进快速释放的组分可以导致不希望的味道或口感特性。最后,具有适当的感官的和药物代谢动力学的特性的任何ODT组合物还必须是以商业上有用的速度和产率制造的。
因此,为了提供一种具有可接受的药物代谢动力学的适口的(例如掩味)、快速崩解的组合物,一种可接受的ODT配制品必须平衡这些矛盾的特征。
发明内容
本发明针对多种口腔崩解片组合物,这些组合物包括一个治疗有效量的至少一种药物(例如替马西泮)、0.5-3%的一种ODT粘合剂聚合物、一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及一种崩解剂。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的包括药物颗粒以及快速分散的微粒料的口腔崩解片组合物,其中这些快速分散的微粒料包括糖醇和/或糖类化合物与该崩解剂的组合,并且这些药物颗粒包括该药物以及一种ODT粘合剂聚合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的口腔崩解片组合物包括包被药物的珠粒以及快速分散的微粒料,其中这些快速分散的微粒料包括该糖醇和/或糖类化合物与该崩解剂的组合,并且这些包被药物的珠粒包括包被有至少一种药物以及一种ODT粘合剂聚合物的惰性内芯。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明针对制备一种口腔崩解片组合物的一种方法,该方法包括将至少一种药物、0.5-3%的ODT粘合剂聚合物、一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及崩解剂进行混合,并且将所述混合物压制,由此形成一种口腔崩解片。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的方法包括将包括至少一种药物和ODT粘合剂聚合物的一个混合物造粒,由此形成药物微粒料;将包括一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物与一种崩解剂的组合的一种崩解剂混合物在一种ODT粘合剂的存在下造粒,由此形成快速分散的微粒料;将药物微粒料和快速分散的微粒料进行共混;并且将药物微粒料、快速分散的微颗粒、以及可任选地其他药学上可接受的赋形剂(例如,一种调味料、一种增甜剂、一种压制助剂等)的共混物进行压制,由此形成一种口腔崩解片。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的方法包括将至少一种药物和一种药物成层的粘合剂聚合物溶解或悬浮在一种溶剂中;将药物的溶液或悬浮液包被在一个惰性内芯上以形成药物成层的珠粒;将包括一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物与一种崩解剂的组合的一种崩解剂混合物造粒,由此形成快速分散的微粒料,并且将药物成层的珠粒、快速分散的微颗粒、以及可任选地其他药学上可接受的赋形剂(例如,一种调味料、一种增甜剂、一种压制助剂等)的共混物进行压制,由此形成一种ODT。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明针对改进患者对给予一种药物(例如替马西泮)的依从性的方法,该方法包括给予一位有需要的患者一种口腔崩解片组合物,该组合物包括治疗有效量的一种药物(例如替马西泮)、0.5-3%的一种ODT粘合剂聚合物、一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及一种崩解剂。
附图说明
图1表示一台10ft3V-掺混机的共混均匀性抽样位置,以及使用一种有效分析方法测定的对应的测定值。
图2A表示7.5mg实例3的替马西泮ODT剂型的片重差异。
图2B表示30mg实例3的替马西泮ODT剂型的片重差异。
图3表示30mg替马西泮ODT剂型对30mg胶囊的多介质溶出曲线,USPofficialmedia、pH4.5(顶部);0.1NHCl、pH6.8(中间)以及30mg、22.5mg、15mg&7.5mg剂量的ODT或胶囊在USPofficialmedia中(底部)。
图4A比较了30mg替马西泮ODT(不用水(A)或用水(B)给药)对30mg胶囊在正常人类受试者中在禁食条件下的平均血浆浓度-时间曲线。
图4B比较了30mg替马西泮ODT(不用水(A)或用水(B)给药)对30mg胶囊在正常人类受试者中在禁食条件下的平均AUC(带有标准偏差)。
图4C比较了30mg替马西泮ODT(不用水(A)或用水(B)给药)对30mg胶囊在正常人类受试者中在禁食条件下的平均Cmax(带有标准偏差)。
图5比较了30mg替马西泮ODT对30mg胶囊在正常人类受试者中在进食条件下的平均血浆浓度-时间曲线。
具体实施方式
在此引用的所有申请、专利以及其他文献都是处于所有目的通过引用以其全文进行结合。
本发明针对含有药物的ODT组合物、以及制备如在此所述的此类组合物的改进的方法。本发明的ODT组合物具有良好的感官特性,而仍保留了药物释放特性,它们与常规的口服剂型是生物等价的或优于(即更快)常规的口服剂型。此外,本发明的ODT组合物表现出足够的硬度和足够低的脆性以允许包装在HDPE瓶、以及推过式薄膜背面支撑的或剥离纸背面支撑的气泡包装中,从而使用常规设备来保存、运输和商业分配。
术语“口腔崩解片”、“口腔分散片”、“速溶片”、或“ODT”是指一种固体剂型,该固体剂型在给药之后在患者的口腔中快速崩解。术语“实质性地崩解”是指片剂大部分崩解为组分颗粒,这些组分颗粒之前被压制成整体的片。
术语“实质性地溶出”是指释放或溶出的药物的百分比,即至少约50%、至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%、或约100%的药物从该ODT组合物溶出或释放。
术语“替马西泮”包括替马西泮(7-氯-1,3-二氢-3-羟基-1-甲基-5-苯基-2H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2-酮)的药物前体、盐类、溶剂化物、和/或酯类。
术语“单位剂量”是指一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包含的药物的量旨在以单一剂量给予一位患者。
如在此所使用,术语“药物”、“活性”或“活性药物成分”包括一种药学上可接受的并且治疗有效的适于治疗疾病、疾病的症状、以及医学状况的化合物、连同药学上可接受的盐类、立体异构体、以及立体异构体的混合物、溶剂化物(包括水合物)、和/或它们的酯类。
合适的药物活性成分的种类的非限制性的例子包括但不局限于:苯并二氮杂类、镇痛药类、抗高血压药类、抗焦虑剂类、抗凝剂类、抗惊厥药类、抗糖尿病剂类、降血糖剂类、减充血药类、抗组胺药类、抗炎剂类、镇咳药类、抗肿瘤药类、β阻滞剂类、抗风湿剂类、消炎药类、抗紧张剂类、认知增强剂类、抗动脉粥样硬化剂类、减肥剂类、抗阳痿药物类、抗感染剂类、抗感染剂类、催眠剂类、抗帕金森氏综合征剂类、抗阿耳茨海默病剂类、抗抑郁药类、以及抗病毒剂类、糖原磷酸化酶抑制剂类、胆固醇酯转运蛋白抑制剂类、CNS(中枢神经系统)兴奋剂类、多巴胺受体激动剂类、止吐剂类、胃肠道药物类、精神治疗剂类、阿片样物质激动剂类、阿片样物质拮抗剂、抗癫痫药物类、组胺H2拮抗剂类、止喘剂类、平滑肌松弛剂类、以及骨骼肌松弛剂类。在一个具体的实施方案中,适合用在本发明的ODT组合物中的药物活性成分包括对加工条件敏感(例如,热敏感、具有一个低的爆炸阈值、剪切敏感、或另外在加工过程中具有降解的趋势)的药物。
苯并二氮杂类的具体的例子包括:阿普唑仑、溴西泮、地西泮、劳拉西泮(lorezepam)、氯硝西泮(clonezepam)、替马西泮、奥沙西泮、氟硝基安定、三唑仑、氯地庚波、氟西泮、艾司唑仑、氯甲西泮、咪达唑仑、硝西泮、以及美沙唑仑;镇痛药类包括:扑热息痛、罗非考昔、塞来考昔、吗啡、可待因、羟考酮、氢可酮、二醋吗啡、哌替啶、曲马多、丁丙诺啡;抗高血压药类包括:哌唑嗪、硝苯地平、乐卡地平、苯磺酸氨氯地平、曲马唑嗪以及多沙唑嗪;抗焦虑剂类的具体的例子包括:盐酸羟嗪、劳拉西泮、盐酸丁螺环酮、普拉西泮(pazepam)、氯地庚波、安宁、奥沙西泮、盐酸三氟拉嗪、二钾氯氮、地西泮;抗凝剂类的具体的例子包括:阿昔单抗、依替巴肽、替罗非班、拉米非班、氯吡格雷、噻氯匹定、双香豆素、肝素、以及华法林;抗惊厥药类的具体的例子包括:苯巴比妥、甲苯比妥、氯巴占、氯硝西泮、氯氮、地西泮、咪达唑仑、劳拉西泮、非氨酯、卡马西平(carbamezepine)、奥卡西平、氨己烯酸、普罗加比、噻加宾、托吡酯、加巴喷丁、普瑞巴林、乙苯妥英、苯妥英、美芬妥英、磷苯妥英、甲乙双酮、三甲双酮、依沙双酮、贝克拉胺、扑米酮、brivaracetam、左乙拉西坦、塞曲西坦、乙琥胺、苯琥胺、甲琥胺、乙酰唑胺、磺斯安、醋甲唑胺、唑尼沙胺、拉莫三嗪、苯丁酰脲、苯乙酰脲、丙戊酰胺、以及戊诺酰胺;抗糖尿病剂类的具体的例子包括:瑞格列奈、纳格列奈、二甲双胍、苯乙双胍、罗格列酮、吡格列酮、曲格列酮、米格列醇、阿卡波糖、艾塞那肽(exanatide)、维格列汀、以及西格列汀;降血糖剂类的具体的例子包括:甲苯磺丁脲、醋酸己脲、妥拉磺脲、格列本脲、格列美脲、格列齐特、格列吡嗪以及氯磺丙脲;减充血药类的具体的例子包括:假麻黄碱、去氧肾上腺素、以及氧甲唑啉;抗组胺药类的具体的例子包括:美吡拉敏、安他唑啉、苯海拉明、卡比沙明、多西拉敏、氯马斯汀、茶苯海明、非尼拉敏、氯苯那敏、右氯苯那敏、溴苯那敏、曲普利啶、赛克力嗪、氯环力嗪、羟嗪、氯苯甲嗪、普鲁米近、三甲泼拉嗪、赛庚啶、阿扎他定、以及酮替芬;镇咳药类的具体的例子包括:右美沙芬、那可丁、乙基吗啡、以及可待因;抗肿瘤药类的具体的例子包括:苯丁酸氮芥、洛莫司汀、妥布氯唑以及棘霉素;抗炎剂类的具体的例子包括:倍他米松、泼尼松龙、阿司匹林、吡罗昔康、伐地考昔、卡洛芬、塞来考昔、氟比洛芬以及(+)-N-{4-[3-(4-氟苯氧基)苯氧基]-2-环戊烯-1-基}-N-羟基脲;β阻滞剂类的具体的例子包括:噻吗洛尔以及纳多洛尔;镇咳药类的具体的例子包括:右美沙芬、那可丁、乙基吗啡、可可碱、以及可待因;抗肿瘤药类的具体的例子包括:放线菌素、更生霉素、阿霉素、柔红霉素、表柔比星、博来霉素、普卡霉素、以及丝裂霉素;β阻滞剂类的具体的例子包括:阿普洛尔、卡替洛尔、左布诺洛尔、甲吲洛尔、美替洛尔、纳多洛尔、氧烯洛尔、喷布洛尔、吲哚洛尔、普萘洛尔、索他洛尔、噻吗洛尔、醋丁洛尔、阿替洛尔、倍他洛尔、比索洛尔、艾司洛尔、美托洛尔、奈必洛尔、卡维地洛、塞利洛尔、拉贝洛尔、以及布他沙明;抗风湿剂类的具体的例子包括:阿达木单抗、硫唑嘌呤、氯喹、羟氯喹、环孢霉素、D-青霉胺、依那西普、金硫丁二钠、金诺芬、英利昔单抗、来氟米特、甲氨蝶呤、米诺环素、柳氮磺吡啶;消炎药类的具体的例子包括:甾体类以及非甾体类消炎药,如氢化可的松、泼尼松、泼尼松龙、甲泼尼龙、地塞米松、倍他米松、曲安西龙、丙酸倍氯米松、醛甾酮、扑热息痛、amoxiprin、贝诺酯、二氟尼柳、faislamine、双氯芬酸、醋氯芬酸、阿西美辛、溴芬酸、依托度酸、吲哚美辛、萘丁美酮、舒林酸、托美丁、卡洛芬、酮咯酸、甲芬那酸、保泰松、氮杂消炎药、普鲁帕宗(propazone)、安乃近(matamizole)、羟布宗、磺吡酮、吡罗昔康、氯诺昔康、美洛昔康、替诺昔康、塞来考昔、艾托考昔、芦米考昔、帕瑞考昔、罗非考昔、伐地考昔、以及尼美舒利(numesulide);抗紧张剂类的具体的例子包括:伊潘立酮、齐拉西酮、奥氮平、盐酸替沃噻吨、氟司必林、利哌利酮以及五氟利多;认知增强剂类的一个具体的例子包括安帕金;抗动脉粥样硬化剂、心血管的和/或胆固醇降低剂类的具体的例子包括:阿托伐他汀钙、西立伐他汀、氟伐他汀、洛伐他汀、美伐他汀、匹伐他汀、普伐他汀、罗苏伐他汀、以及辛伐他汀;减肥剂类的具体的例子包括:右旋苯丙胺(dexadrine)、右旋酚氟拉明、芬氟拉明、芬特明、奥利司他、阿卡波糖、以及利莫纳班;抗阳痿药物类的具体的例子包括:西地那非以及枸橼酸西地那非;抗感染剂类如抗细菌的、抗病毒的、抗原生动物的、驱蠕虫药和抗真菌剂类的具体的例子包括:苄茚西林钠、盐酸巴氨西林、醋竹桃霉素、多西环素水合物、氨比西林、青霉素G、阿奇毒素、土霉素、米诺环素、红霉素、克拉仙霉素、螺旋霉素、阿昔洛韦、奈非那韦、病毒唑、苄烷铵氯化物、氯己定、益康唑、特康唑、氟康唑、伏立康唑、灰黄霉素、甲硝唑、噻苯达唑、奥芬达唑、莫仑太尔、复方新诺明;催眠剂类的具体的例子包括:阿法沙龙以及依托咪酯;抗帕金森氏综合征剂类的具体的例子包括:左旋多巴、溴隐亭、普拉克索、罗匹尼罗、培高利特、以及司来吉兰;抗胆碱能药类如:苯海索、苯扎托品甲磺酸酯、丙环定、比哌立登、以及普罗吩胺;抗组胺药如:苯海拉明以及奥芬那君(dorphenadrine);以及金刚烷胺;抗阿耳茨海默病剂类的具体的例子包括:多奈哌齐、利凡斯的明、加兰他敏、他克林;抗生素类的具体的例子包括:米诺环素、利福平、红霉素、萘夫西林、头孢唑林、亚胺培南、氨曲南、庆大霉素、磺胺甲噁唑、万古霉素、环丙沙星、甲氧苄啶、甲硝唑、克林霉素、替考拉宁、莫匹罗星、阿奇毒素、克拉仙霉素、氧氟沙星、洛美沙星、诺氟沙星、萘啶酸、司帕沙星、培氟沙星、氨氟沙星、依诺沙星、氟罗沙星、ternafloxacin、托氟沙星、克林沙星、舒巴坦、克拉维酸、两性霉素B、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、酮康唑、制霉菌素;抗抑郁药类的具体的例子包括:异卡波肼;苯乙肼;反苯环丙胺;抗病毒剂类的具体的例子包括:齐多夫定(AZT)、去羟肌苷(双脱氧肌苷,ddI)、d4T、扎西他滨(双脱氧胞嘧啶,ddC)、奈韦拉平、拉米夫定(益平维,3TC)、沙奎那韦(甲磺酸沙喹那韦)、利托那韦(诺韦)、茚地那韦(佳息患)、地拉韦啶(地拉夫定);糖原磷酸化酶抑制剂类的具体的例子包括:[R-(R*S*)]-5-氯-N-[2-羟基-3-{甲氧基甲氨基}-3-氧代-1-(苯基甲基)丙基-1H-吲哚-2-甲酰胺以及5-氯-1H-吲哚-2-羧酸[(1S)-苄基-(2R)-羟基-3-((3R,4S)-二羟基-吡咯烷-1-基-)-3-氧化丙烯]酰胺;胆固醇酯转运蛋白抑制剂类的具体的例子包括:[2R,4S]4-[(3,5-双-三氟甲基-苄基)-甲氧羰基-氨基]-2-乙基-6-三氟甲基-3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-羧酸乙酯、[2R,4S]4-[乙酰基-(3,5-双-三氟甲基-苄基)-氨基]-2-乙基-6-三氟甲基-3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-羧酸异丙酯、[2R,4S]4-[(3,5-双-三氟甲基-苄基)-甲氧羰基-氨基]-2-乙基-6-三氟甲基-3,4-二氢-2H-喹啉-1-羧酸异丙酯;CNS兴奋剂类的具体的例子包括:咖啡因以及哌甲酯;多巴胺受体激动剂类的具体的例子包括:卡麦角林以及普拉克索;止吐剂类的具体的例子包括:多拉司琼、格拉司琼、昂丹司琼、托烷司琼、帕洛诺司琼、多潘立酮、氟哌利多、茶苯海明、氟派啶醇、冬眠灵、普鲁米近、丙氯拉嗪、甲氧氯普胺、以及阿立必利;胃肠道药物类的具体的例子包括:洛哌丁胺以及西沙必利;精神治疗剂类的具体的例子包括:冬眠灵、甲硫达嗪、丙氯拉嗪、氟派啶醇、阿普唑仑、阿米替林、安非他酮、丁螺环酮、氯地庚波、西酞普兰、氯氮平、地西泮、氟西汀、氟奋乃静、氟伏沙明、羟嗪、劳拉西泮、克塞平、米氮平、吗茚酮、奈法唑酮、去甲替林、奥氮平、帕罗西汀、苯乙肼、喹硫平、利哌利酮、舍曲林、替沃噻吨、反苯环丙胺、曲唑酮、文拉法辛、以及齐拉西酮;阿片样物质激动剂类的具体的例子包括:氢吗啡酮、芬太尼、美沙酮、吗啡、羟考酮、以及羟吗啡酮;阿片样物质拮抗剂的具体的例子包括纳曲酮;抗癫痫药物类的具体的例子包括:丙戊酸钠、硝西泮、苯妥英;组胺H2拮抗剂类的具体的例子包括:法莫替丁、尼扎替丁、西眯替丁、雷尼替丁;止喘剂类的具体的例子包括:沙丁胺醇、孟鲁司特钠;平滑肌松弛剂类的具体的例子包括:尼可地尔、伊潘立酮、以及氯硝西泮;并且骨骼肌松弛剂类的具体的例子包括:地西泮、劳拉西泮、巴氯芬、卡立普多、氯唑沙宗、环苯扎林、硝苯呋海因、美他沙酮、奥芬那君、泮库溴铵、替扎尼定、双环维林、可乐定、以及加巴喷丁。每个药物名应理解为包括该药物的中性形式、连同它的药学上可接受的盐类、溶剂化物、酯类、以及药物前体。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物是口腔崩解片(ODT)组合物,这些组合物包括一个治疗有效量的一种药物(例如替马西泮)、0.5-3%的一种ODT粘合剂聚合物、一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及一种崩解剂。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的ODT组合物包括一个治疗有效量的替马西泮(即7-氯-1,3-二氢-3-羟基-1-甲基-5-苯基-2H-1,4-苯并二氮杂-2-酮)。治疗有效量的替马西泮的范围是从5-50mg的替马西泮/单位剂量,例如5、7.5、10、12.5、15、17.5、20、22.5、25、27.5、30、32.5、35、37.5、40、42.5、45、47.5、或50mg替马西泮/单位剂量。在一个实施方案中,每单位剂量的替马西泮的量是7.5、15、22.5、或30mg替马西泮。
在另外的实施方案中,本发明的ODT组合物包括一个治疗有效量的至少一种药物。术语“治疗有效量”是指为获得一种或多种所希望的药理学效果而要求的药物的量。一种药物的治疗有效量常规地是通过给药试验等使用药学领域中熟知的方法来测定的。
本发明的组合物包括至少一种药物的任何合适形态的颗粒(例如,结晶的或无定形的),在加工和保存条件下保持稳定的形态是优选的。在一个实施方案中,药物是以结晶的形式存在的。药物晶体可以具有的平均粒度的范围是从约1μm到约200μm,例如约1-25μm、约1-50μm、约1-100μm、约1-150μm、约25-50μm、约25-150μm、约50-100μm、约50-150μm、约100-150μm、或约100-200μm。
适合用在本发明的组合物中的ODT粘合剂聚合物包括药学上可接受的可溶于水的、可溶于醇的、或可溶于丙酮/水的聚合物。此类聚合物的一个非限制性的清单包括例如:聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(聚维酮或PVP)、淀粉类如玉米淀粉、聚乙二醇、聚氧化乙烯、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)等、以及它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中,ODT粘合剂聚合物是HPC,例如LF或EF。如在此所述,ODT粘合剂聚合物是在含有药物的颗粒与其他赋形剂(如一种填充剂、一种稀释剂和/或一种崩解剂)的造粒过程中加入造粒流体中的药学上可接受的可溶于水的、可溶于醇的、或可溶于丙酮/水的聚合物,由此减小或消除在造粒过程中颗粒到造粒装置侧面的粘着、减小或消除了替马西泮细粉的水平、减小或消除了延长的压片运行过程中的ODT片的划痕,并且改进了该过程的可重现性和产率,而没有折衷该组合物的药物代谢动力学属性。
在本发明的组合物中所使用的ODT粘合剂聚合物的选择和它的量是至关重要的。在本发明的组合物中,ODT粘合剂聚合物的量的范围是含有粘合剂的颗粒的总重量的0.5-3%。在一个实施方案中,ODT粘合剂聚合物的量按重量计是相对于含有粘合剂的组合物的总重量的小于约2%。在另一个实施方案中,在含有粘合剂的组合物中ODT粘合剂聚合物的量是约0.5-2%、0.5-1.5%、0.5-1%、小于约1%、1-3%、约1-2.5%、约1-2%、或约1.5-2%,包括其间所有的值、范围、以及子范围。
当ODT粘合剂聚合物在含有粘合剂的组合物中的总量低于0.5%时,口腔崩解片组合物的均匀性(即在一个单位剂量中的药物的量)和总产率变得难以控制,这是因为口腔崩解片组合物中的多种成分粘着到制造设备的壁(即一个流化床包衣装置的壁)上。此外,当ODT粘合剂聚合物在含有粘合剂的组合物中的水平低于0.5%时,造粒作用导致了不希望的双峰的粒度分布以及过量的“细粉”(即非常小的颗粒)的生产,这导致了不稳定的流动特性等,并且在长的压片运行后(即大于一小时)由“细粉”的引起片剂的“划痕”或条纹。当ODT粘合剂聚合物在含有粘合剂的组合物中的量超过3%时,造粒作用导致了更大的和/或更硬的不适合用于口服剂型的团聚体,例如因为在口腔崩解片(ODT)配制品中大的团聚体具有一种不适口的“口感”,并且因为更大的团聚体趋于减小药物的释放速率。然而,增加一个另外的研磨步骤以减小此类团聚体的粒度并且获得商业上可接受的产率对于含有如替马西泮的药物的组合物是危险的,这些组合物具有高的爆炸可能性。具有范围是0.5-3%的ODT粘合剂聚合物的根据本发明的组合物具有显著改进的加工特性并且避免了丢弃或研磨大的团聚体的需要。
一种ODT剂型与其他口服剂型(例如常规的片剂、胶囊等)的不同之处在于ODT剂型在给药后以一个显著更快的速率崩解。本发明的ODT组合物含有多种药学上可接受的成分,这些成分膨胀、溶出、或以其他方式促进ODT组合物在口腔中的崩解。这些成分可以包括药物崩解剂、填充剂/稀释剂、可溶于水的粘合剂、可熔融的固体(例如蜡),这些成分进入胃后可以释放替马西泮,等等。
本发明的ODT组合物在给药后约60秒或更短、约50秒或更短、约40秒或更短、约30秒或更短、约20秒或更短、或约10秒或更短内实质上完全地崩解。在一个实施方案中,当使用USP官方方法(USP装置2;桨法75rpm,在900mL的具有0.05%的聚山梨醇酯80的乙酸钠缓冲液(pH4.0)中;检测:在310nm处的UV吸收)测试溶出时,本发明的ODT组合物在30分钟或更短内释放80%的或更多的药物(例如替马西泮)。在另一个实施方案中,当使用USP官方方法(USP装置2;桨法75rpm,在900mL的具有0.05%的聚山梨醇酯80的乙酸钠缓冲液(pH4.0)中;检测:在310nm处的UV吸收)测试溶出时,本发明的ODT组合物在30分钟或更短内释放70%的或更多的药物(例如替马西泮)。
除了药物(例如替马西泮)和ODT粘合剂聚合物外,本发明的ODT组合物进一步包括至少一种崩解剂、以及至少一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物以促进该ODT在口腔中的快速崩解。
适合用在本发明的口腔崩解片组合物中的崩解剂包括任何药学上可接受的崩解剂或“超级崩解剂”。合适的崩解剂的一个非限制性清单包括交聚维酮(交联的PVP)、淀粉乙醇酸钠、交联的羧甲基纤维素钠、以及低取代的羟丙基纤维素。
适合用在本发明的口腔崩解片组合物中的糖醇包括任何药学上可接受的糖醇。合适的糖醇的一个非限制性清单包括例如甘露醇、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、乳糖醇、赤藓糖醇、异麦芽糖、氢化的淀粉水解产物、以及麦芽酚。
适合用在本发明的口腔崩解片组合物中的糖类化合物包括任何药学上可接受的糖类化合物。合适的糖类化合物的一个非限制性清单包括例如乳糖、蔗糖、以及麦芽糖。
崩解剂和糖醇和/或糖类化合物可以与药物(例如替马西泮)和ODT粘合剂聚合物进行混合(例如造粒),或者崩解剂和糖醇和/或糖类化合物可以一起造粒以形成快速分散的微粒料,例如在美国专利申请序列号10/827,106、09/147,374、10/356,641、10/469,915以及10/506,349、以及EP0914818中所述,它们各自出于所有目的通过引用以其全文结合在此。在一个实施方案中,快速分散的微粒料包括至少一种崩解剂与至少一种糖醇的组合。在另一个实施方案中,快速分散的微粒料包括至少一种崩解剂与至少一种糖类化合物的组合。在仍然另一个实施方案中,快速分散的微粒料包括至少一种崩解剂与至少一种糖醇以及至少一种糖类化合物的组合。糖醇和/或糖类化合物在快速分散的微粒料中的量的范围是快速分散的微粒料的总重量的约90-99%、或约95-99%。可替代地表达为,一种崩解剂在快速分散的微粒料中的量的范围是从约1-10%、或约1-5%。
糖醇和/或糖类化合物连同快速分散的微粒料的平均粒度应该是使得在口腔中的崩解时该组合物提供一种平滑的口感(没有余味或沙砾或粉样的味道或质地)。在快速分散的微粒料中的糖醇和/或糖类化合物的平均粒度是30μm或更小、例如约1-30μm、约1-25μm、约1-20μm、约1-15μm、约1-10μm、约1-5μm、约5-30μm、约5-25μm、约5-20μm、约5-15μm、约5-10μm、约10-30μm、约10-25μm、约10-20μm、约10-15μm、约15-30μm、约15-25μm、或约15-20μm、约20-30μm、或约20-25μm,包括其间所有的值、范围和子范围。在一个实施方案中,快速分散的微粒料具有范围约100-400μm的平均粒度。在另外的实施方案中,快速分散的微粒料的平均粒度是300μm或更小。在一个具体实施方案中,快速分散的微粒料包括甘露醇和/或乳糖以及交聚维酮XL-10,其中在快速分散的微粒料中甘露醇和/或乳糖与交聚维酮XL-10之比的范围是从约99:1到约90:10。在另一个实施方案中,如在美国专利公开号2005/0232988中所述,快速分散的微粒料是通过将D-甘露醇(具有约15μm的平均粒度)与交聚维酮XL-10以约95/5的比例在一台高剪切造粒机中使用净化水作为造粒流体进行湿造粒、并且通过将成粒的混合物分散在一个加热的对流烘箱中的托盘中使粒料干燥来制备的。
在本发明的仍然另一个的实施方案中,该ODT组合物进一步包括至少一种崩解剂与至少一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物的混合物,可任选地与一种ODT粘合剂聚合物的水溶液进行造粒,其范围是含有粘合剂的组合物的总重量的约0.5-3%。
本发明的药物组合物可以进一步包括另外的药学上可接受的成分或赋形剂。适合用在本发明的组合物或剂型中的赋形剂的例子包括填充剂类、稀释剂类、助流剂类、崩解剂类、粘合剂类、润滑剂类等。其他药学上可接受的赋形剂包括酸化剂类、碱化剂类、防腐剂类、抗氧化剂类、缓冲剂类、螯合剂类、着色剂类、络合剂类、乳化和/或增溶剂类、调味剂类和香料类、保湿剂类、增甜剂类、湿润剂类等。
合适的填充剂、稀释剂和/或粘合剂的例子包括乳糖(例如,喷雾干燥的乳糖、α-乳糖、β-乳糖、不同等级的或)、微晶纤维素(不同等级的Ming或)、羟丙基纤维素、L-羟丙基纤维素(低取代的)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)(例如Shin-Etsu,Ltd的MethocelE、F和K、MetoloseSH,例如像4,000cps级的MethocelE以及Metolose60SH、4,000cps级的MethocelF以及Metolose65SH、4,000、15,000和100,000cps级的MethocelK;以及4,000、15,000、39,000和100,000级的Metolose90SH)、甲基纤维素聚合物(例如像MethocelA、MethocelA4C、MethocelA15C、MethocelA4M)、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基羟乙基纤维素、以及其他纤维素衍生物、蔗糖、琼脂糖、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、糊精、麦芽糊精、淀粉、或改性淀粉(包括马铃薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、以及米淀粉)、磷酸钙(例如,碱式磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸二钙水合物)、硫酸钙、碳酸钙、海藻酸钠、胶原、等等。
稀释剂的具体的例子包括例如碳酸钙、二碱式磷酸钙、三碱式磷酸钙、硫酸钙、微晶纤维素、粉末纤维素、葡聚糖、糊精、右旋糖、果糖、白陶土、乳糖、甘露醇、山梨糖醇、淀粉、预凝胶淀粉、蔗糖、糖、等等。
崩解剂的具体的例子包括例如海藻酸或藻酸盐、微晶纤维素、羟丙基纤维素以及其他纤维素衍生物、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交聚维酮、波尔阿克里林(polacrillin)钾盐、淀粉乙醇酸钠、淀粉、预凝胶淀粉、羧甲基淀粉(例如和)等等。粘合剂的具体的例子包括例如阿拉伯胶、海藻酸、琼脂、角叉菜胶钙、羧甲基纤维素钠、微晶纤维素、糊精、乙基纤维素、明胶、液体葡萄糖、瓜尔胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、果胶、PEG、聚维酮、预胶凝淀粉等等。
助流剂类和润滑剂类的具体例子包括硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、或其他金属硬脂酸盐类、滑石、蜡类以及甘油酯类、轻质矿物油、PEG、山嵛酸甘油酯、胶体二氧化硅、氢化植物油、玉米淀粉、硬脂酰醇富马酸钠、聚乙二醇类、烷基硫酸盐类、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠等等。
其他赋形剂包括例如调味剂类、着色剂类、掩味剂类、pH-调节剂类、缓冲剂类、防腐剂类、稳定剂类、抗氧化剂类、湿润剂类、湿度调节剂类、表面活性剂类、悬浮剂类、吸收增强剂类、用于改进释放的试剂类等等。
调味剂类的非限制性的例子包括例如樱桃、桔子、或其他可接受的果实香料;或樱桃、桔子、以及其他可接受的果实调味剂的混合物,基于片剂重量高达约3%。此外,本发明的组合物还可以包括一种或多种增甜剂,如天冬甜素、三氯蔗糖、或其他药学上可接受的增甜剂、或这些增甜剂的混合物,基于片剂重量按重量计高达约2%。此外,本发明的组合物包括一种或多种FD&C着色剂,基于片剂重量按重量计高达0.5%。
抗氧化剂类包括例如抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、丁羟茴醚、丁羟甲苯、次磷酸、单硫代甘油、偏亚硫酸氢钾、没食子酸丙酯、甲醛次硫酸钠、偏亚硫酸氢钠、硫代硫酸钠、二氧化硫、生育酚、生育酚乙酸酯、生育酚半琥珠酸酯、TPGS或其他生育酚衍生物、等等。
在一个具体实施方案中,除了在快速分散粒料中的崩解剂之外,包含快速分散微粒料的本发明的ODT组合物还可以包括一种另外的崩解剂。该另外的崩解剂可以与用在快速分散粒料中的崩解剂相同或不同。该另外的崩解剂可以按基于总片剂重量的高达约10%存在于本发明的ODT组合物中。
可任选的药学上可接受的赋形剂类可以被掺入含有替马西泮的颗粒、含有替马西泮的微粒料、替马西泮分层的珠粒、快速分散的微粒料,或可以被另外加入到含有替马西泮的颗粒、含有替马西泮的微粒料、替马西泮分层的珠粒、或快速分散的微粒料中。在一些情况下,这些可任选的药学上可接受的赋形剂可以包括还存在于含有替马西泮的颗粒、含有替马西泮的微粒料、替马西泮分层的珠粒、或快速分散的微粒料中的成分。例如,可以将含有替马西泮的微粒料和快速分散的微粒料(包括一种崩解剂)与一种崩解剂进行共混,该崩解剂可以与存在于快速分散的微粒料中的崩解剂相同或不同。
在一个实施方案中,除了药物(例如替马西泮)、粘合剂、糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及崩解剂外,本发明的组合物还包括微晶纤维素(例如AvicelPH101、AvicelPH102、CeolusKG-802或KG-1000、ProsolvSMCC50、SMCC90、或它们的混合物)。
在含有药物的微粒料中可任选的药学上可接受的成分(例如填充剂类或稀释剂类以及崩解剂类)的量的范围可以从约5%-80%,包括约5%-70%、约5%-60%、约5%-50%、约5%-40%、约5%-30%、约5%-20%、约5%-15%、约5%-10%、约10%-70%、约10%-60%、约10%-50%、约10%-40%、约10%-30%、约10%-20%、约10%-15%、约20%-70%、约20%-60%、约20%-50%、约20%-40%、约20%-30%、约20%-25%、约30%-70%、约30%-60%、约30%-50%、约30%-40%、约30%-35%、约40%-70%、约40%-60%、约40%-50%、约40%-45%、约50%-70%、约50%-60%、约50%-55%、约60%-70%、或约60%-65%。
本发明的组合物可以包括至少一种药物(例如替马西泮)、一种或多种ODT粘合剂聚合物、一种或多种崩解剂、以及一种或多种糖醇;至少一种药物(例如替马西泮)、一种或多种ODT粘合剂聚合物、一种或多种崩解剂、以及一种或多种糖类化合物;或至少一种药物(例如替马西泮)、一种或多种ODT粘合剂聚合物、一种或多种崩解剂、一种或多种糖醇、以及一种或多种糖类化合物。在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物包括至少一种药物(例如替马西泮)、一种ODT粘合剂聚合物、崩解剂、一种糖醇。在另一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物包括至少一种药物(例如替马西泮)、羟丙基纤维素、交聚维酮、以及甘露醇。
例如,本发明的组合物可以包括药物颗粒与快速分散的微粒料的一个混合物,该混合物被压制成一种口腔崩解片的形式。这些药物颗粒可以是例如药物晶体、通过将药物在一种或多种ODT粘合剂聚合物的存在下造粒(湿法或干法)来制备的药物微粒料、以及可任选的另外的药学上可接受的赋形剂。或者,这些药物颗粒可以是药物成层的珠粒,这些珠粒是通过将药物溶解或悬浮在一种或多种使药物成层的粘合剂的溶液中、将生成的溶液或悬浮液包被在惰性内芯颗粒(例如糖球,如50-100筛目或150-300μm的CP-203、纤维素球、二氧化硅球、等等)上、并且将溶剂去除来制备的。
合适的使药物成层的粘合剂包括任何在此披露的ODT粘合剂聚合物,例如淀粉、改性的纤维素(例如羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠)、海藻酸、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(聚维酮)、以及它们的混合物。在药物层中的药物的量、以及药物层的厚度是可以更进的,以提供一种治疗有效剂量的药物。含有药物的层包括约90%到约99%的药物、以及约10%到约1%的粘合剂,并且含有药物的层是药物成层的珠粒总重量的约10%到约30%。
本发明的ODT组合物的药物(例如替马西泮)颗粒(例如晶体、微粒料或药物成层的珠粒)具有的平均粒度为1-400μm。通过在此所述的流化床包衣法或凝聚法,将平均粒度的范围是约1-200μm、在一些实施方案中为约50-150μm的药物晶体用一个掩味层包被。在其他实施方案中,将具有约5-50μm的平均粒度的药物晶体通过在此所述的溶剂凝聚法进行掩味。
如在此所述,药物颗粒可以包含另外的赋形剂。当药物颗粒包含另外的赋形剂(例如填充剂类或稀释剂类以及崩解剂类)时,这些另外的赋形剂在药物颗粒中的量的范围可以从约5%-80%,包括约5%-70%、约5%-60%、约5%-50%、约5%-40%、约5%-30%、约5%-20%、约5%-15%、约5%-10%、约10%-70%、约10%-60%、约10%-50%、约10%-40%、约10%-30%、约10%-20%、约10%-15%、约20%-70%、约20%-60%、约20%-50%、约20%-40%、约20%-30%、约20%-25%、约30%-70%、约30%-60%、约30%-50%、约30%-40%、约30%-35%、约40%-70%、约40%-60%、约40%-50%、约40%-45%、约50%-70%、约50%-60%、约50%-55%、约60%-70%、或约60%-65%。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的ODT组合物包括药物(例如替马西泮)颗粒与一种ODT粘合剂聚合物以及快速分散的粒料的组合。快速分散的粒料在本发明的ODT组合物中的量可以取决于所希望的崩解时间、感官特性和所希望的药物剂量而变化,并且其范围可以从约50%到约90%,包括约50%-80%、约50%-70%、约50%-60%、约60%-80%、约60%-70%、或约70%-80%,包括其间所有的值、范围、和子范围。
同样,本发明的ODT组合物应包含足量的药物颗粒以提供一个治疗有效剂量的药物。药物在药物颗粒中的量的范围可以从约5%到约50%,包括约5-40%、约5-30%、约5-20%、约5-10%、约10-40%、约10-30%、约10-20%、约20-40%、以及约20-30%,包括其间所有的值、范围、和子范围。
本发明的组合物可以是通过将药物、一种或多种ODT粘合剂聚合物、以及快速分散的微粒料(如以上所述)的混合物进行造粒来制备的,或是通过将药物、一种或多种ODT粘合剂聚合物、一种或多种崩解剂、以及一种或多种糖醇和/或糖类化合物的混合物进行造粒来制备的。然后将成粒的混合物进行压制。
当本发明的组合物包括药物颗粒(例如替马西泮微粒料或替马西泮成层的珠粒)时,这些药物颗粒可以包被有一个掩味层,例如在美国专利公开号2006/0105038、2006/0078614、以及2006/0105039中所述的那些,出于所有目的将其通过引用以其全文结合在此。当该掩味层存在时,它包括一种或多种不溶于水的聚合物。合适的不溶于水的聚合物的非限制性例子包括例如乙基纤维素(例如来自Dow的ETHOCELStandardPremium)、聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVA)、醋酸纤维素(CA)、纤维素醋酸丁酸酯(CAB)、以及以商标名“EUDRAGIT”可得的甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物(如EudragitRL、EudragitRS、EudragitNE30D、等等)。在一个具体实施方案中,不溶于水的聚合物是乙基纤维素,它具有在7-100cps范围内的粘度(作为5%的溶液在80/20甲苯/乙醇中、在25℃下、在一个乌氏粘度计中测量)。
在其他实施方案中,掩味层包括一种或多种不溶于水的聚合物与一种成孔物的组合的混合物,该混合物不溶于水和唾液,但是在酸性条件下(例如在胃中)容易溶解。合适的成孔物包括例如可溶于胃的氧化物类、氢氧化物类、以及有机和无机酸的盐类、连同可溶于胃的成孔聚合物。合适的成孔物的一个非限制性的清单包括碳酸钙、磷酸钙、糖化钙、琥珀酸钙、酒石酸钙、醋酸铁、氢氧化铁、磷酸铁、碳酸镁、柠檬酸镁、氢氧化镁、磷酸镁、及其类似物、E系列的聚合物(例如E100或EPO)或一种聚(聚乙烯醇缩乙醛二乙氨基乙酸),例如从SankyoCompanyLimited,Tokyo(Japan)可得的以及它们的混合物。不溶于水的聚合物与成孔物之比典型地从约95/5到约50/50而变化,或在一些实施方案中从约85/15到65/35而变化。
由于用一种不溶于水的聚合物对含有药物的颗粒(例如替马西泮细晶粒(crystallites)、微粒料、或药物成层的珠粒)进行包被可能降低药物的释放速率,掩味包衣也可以包括一种成孔物。成孔物包括可溶于胃的成孔物(此类成孔物不溶于水和唾液,但是在酸性条件下容易溶解,例如在胃中发现的那些)、以及可溶于水的成孔物。合适的可溶于胃的成孔物的非限制性例子包括例如碳酸钙、柠檬酸镁、以及氢氧化镁。合适的可溶于水的成孔物的非限制性例子包括例如氯化钠、蔗糖、以及聚维酮。在掩味层中不溶于水的聚合物与成孔物之比的范围是从约95/5到约50/50。掩味层的范围是掩味的含有替马西泮的颗粒的总重量的约5%到约30%,或掩味的含有替马西泮的颗粒的总重量的约5%-25%、约5%-20%、约5%-15%、约5%-10%、约10%-30%、约10%-25%、约10%-20%、约10%-15%、约15%-30%、约50%-25%、约15%-20%、约20%-30%、约20%-25%、或约25%-30%。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的ODT组合物是通过以下步骤来制备的:(a)形成药物颗粒(例如含有替马西泮的粒料、微囊化的替马西泮晶体、替马西泮成层的珠粒、等等);(b)将药物颗粒与一种崩解剂、一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及0.5-3%的一种ODT粘合剂(基于ODT组合物的总重量)进行共混;并且(c)将共混物压制成一种ODT。
在一个实施方案中,形成药物颗粒的以上步骤(a)是将药物与其他赋形剂(例如一种糖醇,如甘露醇)进行造粒。造粒步骤可以在干的或湿的条件(取决于所使用的赋形剂)下在常规的造粒设备(例如从Glatt和FluidAir可得的流化床造粒机)中进行。在一个具体实施方案中,药物颗粒是通过将药物和甘露醇进行湿法造粒来制备的。在另一个实施方案中,步骤(a)是通过流化床包衣或凝聚法将药物晶体微胶囊化,例如用一种掩味或密封包衣组合物包被。在仍然另一个实施方案中,步骤(a)是通过用药物和一种使药物成层的粘合剂(如PVP)的溶液或分散体包被一个惰性内芯(如糖球)而形成药物成层的珠粒。
在以上步骤(b)中的崩解剂以及糖醇和/或糖类化合物可以被单独地加入药物(例如替马西泮)颗粒中、然后进行混合;或可替代地进行合并以形成快速崩解的粒料,然后将该粒料与药物颗粒进行混合。在一个实施方案中,步骤(b)是将药物颗粒与快速崩解的粒料进行共混,快速崩解的粒料是通过将至少一种崩解剂与至少一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物在一台流化床造粒机中进行湿法造粒(例如使用水作为造粒流体)或干法造粒来制备的。在一个具体的实施方案中,快速崩解的粒料包括交聚维酮以及甘露醇。在其他实施方案中,将药物(例如替马西泮)颗粒、崩解剂、以及糖醇和/或糖类化合物一起与可任选地另外的赋形剂如压制助剂(例如微晶纤维素)或润滑剂(例如硬脂酸镁)进行造粒。在一个实施方案中,将结晶的替马西泮、一种糖醇、一种崩解剂、以及一种压制助剂与一种可溶于水的ODT粘合剂的一个溶液进行造粒。在另一个实施方案中,将结晶的替马西泮、甘露醇、交聚维酮以及微晶纤维素与羟丙基纤维素的一个水溶液进行造粒。
以上的压制步骤(c)可以使用常规方法来进行,例如用一台旋转式压片机或一台外部润滑的压片机。
省略ODT粘合剂(在药物、崩解剂、糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及任选的另外的赋形剂的造粒过程中)的替代方法不能以可接受的产率提供商业上可接受的ODT。例如,在其中将D-甘露醇(具有不大于35μm的平均粒径)、交聚维酮、以及替马西泮与包括甘露醇和交聚维酮的快速分散的微粒料以及其他赋形剂(薄荷调味剂、一种增甜剂以及另外的崩解剂)进行造粒的一种方法中,在流化床造粒机的侧面上发生了成粒的材料的显著粘着(这导致了低的产率)以及包含显著细粉部分细粉的微粒料的一个双峰分布。粘着问题还导致了以下ODT产品的生产,这些产品具有色斑外观(由于多种成分在片剂中的不一致的分布)、不一致的药物(例如替马西泮)水平、以及在压制过程中由高水平的细粉引起的在片剂上的划痕(条纹)。
出人意料地,ODT粘合剂向本发明组合物中的加入显著减少了造成所观察到的划痕的细粉,并且降低了粘着到流化床造粒机的侧面上的材料的量,由此增加了产品产率以及ODT的总的构成均匀性,特别是在长的生产运行中。此外,ODT粘合剂的选择和浓度是至关重要的以避免产生更大的和/或更硬的团聚体(这些团聚体要求研磨以实现更高的可用的产率(增加的生产率))并且维持在体外/体内条件下的溶出速率,这提供了与常规口服剂型的生物等效性(例如将本发明的含有替马西泮的ODT组合物的溶出速率与参比列出的药物产品(替马西泮立即释放胶囊)进行对比)。
如在此所述,已经发现,暴露的药物颗粒、特别是细粉造成了在长的压片运行(典型的商业生产条件)过程中观察到的ODT片剂的所观察到的划痕和条纹。通过在造粒流体中使用少量的ODT粘合剂聚合物,出人意料地发现,粘着到流化床造粒机侧面上的材料的量可以被实质性地减少,并且在压制过程中在片剂上观察到的划痕也可以被实质性地减少。
此外,鉴于一些药物对加工条件的敏感性(例如替马西泮的高的爆炸可能性),发现ODT粘合剂聚合物的选择和浓度是至关重要的,这是为了避免产生更大的和/或更硬的团聚体,这些团聚体将要求研磨以实现更高的可用的产率并且将降低药物的生物利用率(由于更大的团聚体的更慢的溶解)。
因此,在一个具体实施方案中,本发明的ODT组合物是通过将包括按重量计约10-15%的替马西泮、一种糖醇(例如甘露醇)、以及一种崩解剂(例如交聚维酮)的一个组合物在相对低浓度(例如按重量计相对于ODT的重量小于约2%)的亲水ODT粘合剂聚合物溶液的存在下进行造粒、并且将此组合物压制成口腔崩解片来制备的。所生成的ODT是足够坚牢的以包装成用于保存、运输和商业化的泡壳或瓶子,经给药后具有良好的感官特性、快速的体外崩解、以及快速的溶出/药物释放。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的ODT组合物是通过以下步骤来制备的:(a)通过将结晶的药物(具有约1-50μm的平均粒度)和一种或多种稀释剂/填充剂(如乳糖、甘露醇、微晶纤维素以及它们的混合物)与一种聚合物粘合剂在一台高剪切造粒机或一个流化床包衣机中进行造粒来制备含有药物的微粒剂;(b)将一种或多种糖醇、糖类化合物、或它们的混合物(各自具有不大于约30μm的平均粒径)与一种崩解剂(如交聚维酮)使用水或一种醇水混合物在一台常规的造粒机中进行造粒,并且将粒料在一个流化床设备或一个常规的烘箱中进行干燥以产生具有不大于约400μm的平均粒度的“快速分散的微粒料”;(c)将步骤(a)的药物微粒料与一种或多种调味剂、一种增甜剂、微晶纤维素、另外的崩解剂、以及步骤(b)的快速分散的微粒料进行共混;并且(d)使用例如一台常规的旋转式压片机将步骤(c)的共混物压制成片剂,该压片基配备一个外部润滑系统以将压模和冲头预润滑。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的ODT组合物是通过以下步骤来制备的:(a)通过将药物和一种或多种稀释剂/填充剂(如乳糖、甘露醇、微晶纤维素以及它们的混合物)与一种ODT粘合剂聚合物在一台高剪切造粒机或一个流化床包衣机中进行造粒来制备一种含有药物内芯的颗粒(例如替马西泮细晶粒、药物成层的珠粒、或含有替马西泮的微粒料),或者在一个流化床包衣机中将来自包括一种聚合物粘合剂以及药物的一个溶液/悬浮液在一种惰性颗粒(60-100筛目的糖球或纤维素球,例如,CP-203)上使药物成层并且可任选地施用一个密封包衣(例如Clear);(b)通过微包囊技术将内芯颗粒进行掩味(例如通过溶剂凝聚法、或通过流化床包被一种不溶于水的聚合物(如乙基纤维素)、或包被一种不溶于水的功能化聚合物与溶于水的/可溶于胃的成孔物的一个混合物(例如乙基纤维素与氯化钠或碳酸钙,其比例范围是从约50/50到95/5))以产生具有所希望的粒度分布(例如不大于约400μm的平均粒度、或不大于约300μm的平均粒度)的愉悦味道的微颗粒;(c)将一种或多种糖醇、糖类化合物或它们的混合物(各自具有不大于约30μm的平均粒径)与一种崩解剂(例如交聚维酮)进行造粒,如在此所披露的;(d)将步骤(b)的掩味的微颗粒与一种或多种调味剂、一种增甜剂、微晶纤维素、另外的崩解剂、以及步骤(c)的快速分散的微粒料进行共混;并且使用例如一个常规的旋转式压片机将步骤(d)的共混物压制成片剂,该压片基配备一个外部润滑系统以预润滑压模和冲头。
体外崩解时间/溶出试验:
崩解时间是使用USP<701>崩解试验程序来测量的。掩味的微颗粒和口腔崩解片的掩味特性可以通过将掩味的微颗粒或口腔崩解片放在一位试验受试者的舌部、在该受试者的口腔中来回移动掩味的微颗粒(在口腔崩解片崩解后)、并且记录所感知的药物的味道或余味(若有体验的话)进行评价。此外,掩味的微颗粒和口腔崩解片在胃中的快速释放特性可以通过测定药物释放的百分比来评价,该释放百分比是当通过USP官方方法(USP装置2;桨法75rpm,在900mL的具有0.05%的聚山梨醇酯80的乙酸钠缓冲液(pH4.0)中;检测:在310nm处的UV吸收)时测试的(在约30分钟内不小于约剂量的75%的释放被认为是可接受的)。
ODT组合物在病人的口腔中的崩解速率可以是约60秒或更短、约50秒或更短、约40秒或更短、约30秒或更短、约20秒或更短、或约10秒或更短内的级别。
可替代地,崩解速率可以是使用不同的在体外的试验方法来测试的,例如USP<701>崩解试验,而ODT的溶出是使用美国药典官方方法(USP装置2;桨法75rpm,在900mL的具有0.05%的聚山梨醇酯80的乙酸钠缓冲液(pH4.0)中;检测:在310nm处的UV吸收)来测试的。当使用USP<701>崩解试验时,ODT组合物的崩解速率比常规的非ODT组合物的崩解速率更快,例如60秒或更短、30秒或更短、20秒或更短、或10秒或更短。当使用美国药典官方方法时,药物(例如替马西泮)的释放速率是可比的,它可以比常规的非ODT组合物的释放速率稍快或稍慢,例如在30分钟内释放约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%、或约100%的替马西泮。
如以上所讨论的,因为ODT组合物是在患者口中崩解的,所以ODT组合物必须是适口的,即具有可接受的感官属性如味道、余味、“口感”(在体外崩解时间(DT)、口中或体内DT)、以及调味剂-增甜剂平衡(FSB)。味道和余味属性是使用1到10的苦味级别来定义的,即1(极苦;需要掩味)、5(可接受的)、以及10(愉悦的味道)。口感级别的范围是从1(非常沙砾,不能接受的)、5(没有沙砾)、以及10(奶油的,平滑)。FSB级别的范围是从4(低,需要增加)、7(最适宜)、以及10(过度,需要减小)。
本发明的ODT组合物具有至少约5、至少约6、至少约7、至少约8、至少约9、或约10的味道和余味属性。本发明的ODT组合物具有至少约5、至少约6、至少约7、至少约8、至少约9、或约10的口感属性。本发明的ODT组合物具有约5到约9、或约6到约8、或约7的FSB属性。
从ODT组合物放入口腔中的时刻直到吞咽为止,本发明的ODT组合物提供了可接受的掩味。当使用USP<701>崩解试验进行评价时,本发明的ODT组合物在约60秒或更短内崩解,并且此类组合物在口腔中与唾液接触约60秒内典型地崩解,从而形成掩味的微颗粒的一种平滑的、容易吞咽的悬浮体,具有一种可接受的余味。经进入胃后,掩味的微颗粒提供了替马西泮剂量的实质上完全的释放,例如当用USP官方溶出方法(USP装置2;桨法75rpm,在900mL的具有0.05%的聚山梨醇酯80的乙酸钠缓冲液(pH4.0)中;检测:在310nm处的UV吸收)测试溶出时,在约30分钟内释放不小于约60%、更特别地不小于约70%的总剂量。
根据一个实施方案的包括含有药物(例如替马西泮)的微粒料的本发明的组合物(例如ODT组合物)显示出以下特性:
适于在瓶和泡壳包装中包装、保存、运输和商业分配的可接受的硬度和脆性;
在口腔中与唾液接触约60秒内崩解,形成一种平滑的、容易吞咽的悬浮体,具有愉悦的味道(没有沙砾或余味),在<USP701>崩解试验中符合不大于60秒、更特别地不大于30秒的规格;并且
经进入胃后,实质上完全释放了替马西泮,如以下所表明:在官方溶出介质(USP装置2;桨法75rpm,在900mL的具有0.05%的聚山梨醇酯80的乙酸钠缓冲液(pH4.0)中;检测:在310nm处的UV吸收)中在约30分钟内释放不小于约75%的剂量。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含一个治疗有效量的替马西泮,本发明的组合物可以根据医师容易确定的任何合适的剂量安排来给予,并且适用于治疗失眠。在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种治疗患有睡眠障碍的患者的方法,包括在此所述的口腔崩解片组合物。在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种治疗患有吞咽困难和睡眠障碍的患者的方法,包括在此所述的口腔崩解片组合物。
以下的非限制性实例阐述了本发明的ODT组合物、以及制备此类组合物的方法。
实施例
实施例1
实施例1A-快速分散的微粒料
通过将D-甘露醇(具有约15μm的平均粒度)与交聚维酮XL-10以约95/5的比例在一台高剪切造粒机中使用净化水作为造粒流体进行混合而制备了快速分散的微粒料。通过将成粒的混合物分散在一个加热的对流烘箱的托盘中将生成的快速分散的微粒料进行干燥。干燥的快速分散的微粒料的平均粒度是小于约400μm。
实施例1B-30mg替马西泮ODT
将三氯蔗糖、樱桃或薄荷调味剂、交聚维酮XL-10以及微晶纤维素预共混,然后与结晶的替马西泮共混、并且压制成30mg的片剂,使用一台Hata压片机和11mm、圆形、标准的、凹形工具加工、一个真空传输系统、药片除尘器、一个金属检测器、以及一个MatsuiExLub系统。ExLub系统以一个预选定的速率将润滑剂(例如硬脂酸镁)喷雾到压模空腔中和冲头表面上,并且然后在压制之前真空抽出过量的润滑剂。将冲头和压模表面用硬脂酸镁进行外部润滑,从而因此使润滑剂只以痕量存在于片剂中。通过从约8kN到约16kN改变压制力来调节压片装置以提供具有小于1%的脆性和约30N的硬度的片剂。片剂重量(目标重量:500mg)的相对标准偏差(RSD)非常低,范围是从0.24%到1.22%。取决于压制力,片剂硬度的范围是从约34N到约129N,并且取决于片剂硬度,脆性的范围是从0.6%到1.5%。片剂崩解时间是小于30秒,并且溶出值是在30分钟内都>90%,使用了USP官方溶出方法(USP装置2;桨法75rpm,在900mL的具有0.05%的聚山梨醇酯80的乙酸钠缓冲液(pH4.0)中;检测:在310nm处的UV吸收)。尽管严格的片剂重量控制,替马西泮的测定值是低的,并且观察到高度可变的含量均一性值。低的替马西泮测定值似乎是由Hata压机的真空传输系统引起的,该系统在压制过程中真空抽出了细的药物颗粒。由于低的替马西泮测定以及高度可变的含量均一性值,此方法不被认为是商业上可行的。
实施例2
实施例2A-替马西泮微粒料
通过向一台GlattGPCG5流化床造粒机中装入替马西泮、甘露醇、以及交聚维酮,并且使用净化水作为一种造粒流体(批次大小为6kg)将混合物进行造粒而制备了替马西泮微粒料。制造具有约6.3%w/w、15.0%w/w以及30.0%w/w的药物浓度的批次,以评价增加替马西泮的浓度对所生成的粒料质量的影响。在这些批次的制造过程中观察到了粘着到流化床处理器的侧面上的甘露醇,这导致了一个双峰的粒度分布和显著的细粉部分细粉,这进而又引起了不稳定的流动特性。
实施例2B-替马西泮ODT(7.5、15、22.5和30mg替马西泮药量)
评价了不同的ODT组合物以测定配制品的“牢固性”(例如以下各项对ODT特性如硬度、脆性(目标:<0.6%)的影响:填充剂、崩解剂、增甜剂、调味剂、以及快速分散的微粒料的量、润滑剂喷雾条件、以及压片参数,如压制力、填充深度、片剂重量、转盘速度等等)。替马西泮压制批次是通过首先将三氯蔗糖、樱桃或薄荷调味剂、交聚维酮XL-10、以及微晶纤维素进行预共混、然后将此混合物与如在实施例1A中所述而制备的快速分散的微粒料、以及如以上在实施例2A中所述而制备的替马西泮微粒料(具有的药物含量为按重量计约6.3%或约30%,细节参见表1)进行共混而制备的,以0.5kg、2kg、或5kg的批次大小提供替马西泮组合物,在表2中具有6.0%w/w的理论替马西泮共混物测定值。
表1:替马西泮粒料的构成
表2:替马西泮ODT配制品的构成
替马西泮ODT | 1136-JMC-043 | 1136-JMC-041 |
替马西泮粒料 | 20.00% | 94.12% |
快速分散的粒料 | 75.62% | 1.50% |
交聚维酮XL-10 | 3.50% | 3.50% |
三氯蔗糖 | 0.43% | 0.43% |
NOR-CAP薄荷 | 0.35% | 0.35% |
FD&C Blue#1 | 0.10% | 0.10% |
总计 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
%颗粒<106μm | 32.1% | 39.0% |
堆密度 | 0.60g/mL | 0.57g/mL |
拍实密度(1120次拍动) | 0.76g/mL | 0.60g/mL |
测定:平均%(;) | 6.03%(5.96;6.09) | 6.28(6.16;6.39) |
30mg剂量的重量 | 500.0mg | 500.0mg |
7.5mg剂量的重量 | 125.0mg | 125.0mg |
将如上所述而制备的一个压制批次(1136-JMC-041)在配备了一个ExLub外部润滑系统的一台Hata压片机上以15rpm的转盘速度压制成7.5mg和30mg的片剂(细节参见表2)。还使用压制共混物(1136-JMC-043)压制了7.5-mg、15-mg、22.5、以及30-mg强度的替马西泮ODT片剂,这些片剂与30mgODT片剂成剂量比例(细节参见表3)。在这些短的压制运行过程中没有观察到与流动相关的问题或压制问题。就相对标准偏差(RSD)而言所测量的片重差异从0.21%到2.35%变化,并且获得了可接受的硬度和脆性值。崩解时间的范围是从低值13秒到高值41秒。关于含量均一性的相对标准偏差从约1.5%到4.5%变化。所观察到的特性似乎指示,制作中间产物连同最终组合物的方法是足够坚牢地以至少以此制造规模生产ODT。
实施例2C-商业规模的加工
通过在一台FluidAirFA0300流化床造粒机中制备替马西泮粒料将使用一个如在实施例2B中所述的GlattgPCG5而形成的替马西泮造粒配制品进行比例放大,该流化床造粒机配备了一个32”顶喷产品罩(批次大小:160kg)、100筛目底(产品支架)筛网、三个喷嘴(喷嘴尖直径为0.085”)、6.4mm的两个泵头/喷嘴蠕动泵设置、以及专用的10μm孔径的滤袋。将10.1kg替马西泮、140.0kg甘露醇、以及8kg交聚维酮装入FluidAir产品罩中。将这些成分造粒,同时喷雾一种三氯蔗糖和FD&CBlue#1水溶液(总计120kg:0.56kg三氯蔗糖、0.144kgFD&CBlue#1、余量为水)。使用了以下工艺参数:入口空气温度:60-90℃、风量:1300cfm(立方英尺每分钟)、喷雾率设定为25%、产品温度为<50℃。观察到细粉末在流化床处理器的内表面上的显著粘着。
将FluidAir处理过的替马西泮微粒料、如在实施例1A中所述而制备的快速分散的微粒料、以及其他赋形剂(三氯蔗糖、樱桃或薄荷调味剂、交聚维酮XL-10以及微晶纤维素)在一台10cu-ftV-掺混机中进行共混(批次大小:150kg),并且在配备有ExLub外部润滑系统的一台Hata压片机上进行压制。Hata压片机配备有11mm的圆形的、扁平面、半圆边缘“商品装潢”的工具,其中在一侧具有一个“R”单字母(monograph)。转盘速度设定在25rpm,并且将硬脂酸镁喷雾速度设定在大约1伏特到2伏特(中间喷雾速度)。几乎立即在“R”的岛中注意到了严重的残孔(picking)(即由于细粉对压模的污染引起的缺陷)。在操作约一小时后,还观察到了沿片剂侧面的划痕。还在片剂的外观上观察到了一些色斑,这表示了混合物的这些组分的不均匀混合。在中试规模批次的短的压制运行中没有观察到这些问题。
为了消除在比例放大过程中所识别出的问题,对加工条件和ODT配制品作了一些变更,这些变更包括:加入额外的崩解剂、改变转盘速度、改变工具加工配置、改变外部润滑喷雾速度、向ODT配制品中加入一种内部润滑剂。然而,这些工艺的变化都没有解决残孔、划痕、以及色斑问题。在FA300流化床造粒机中还制备了一个大规模的空白对照剂批次(即甘露醇和交聚维酮,但是没有替马西泮),并且与剩余的赋形剂(三氯蔗糖、樱桃或薄荷调味剂、交聚维酮XL-10以及微晶纤维素)进行共混并且在一台Hata压片机上使用商业外观半圆边缘工具加工进行压制,但是没有观察到划痕。因此,在压制过程中观察到的划痕归因于暴露的药物颗粒的存在,特别是在加工过程中产生的药物颗粒细粉的存在。
实施例3
实施例3A-含有一种ODT粘合剂的替马西泮粒料
在一台Glatt5流化床造粒机中在少量羟丙基纤维素NF的存在下将一系列的6个小规模批次(替马西泮粒料的组成参见表4,批次大小:6kg)进行造粒,遵循了以上在实施例2中使用的相同的操作参数。
实施例3B-替马西泮粒料的比例放大
表5中示出了替马西泮粒料的组成,并且在表5中表示了压制共混物的组成。
表5:替马西泮造粒和ODT压制共混物的组成
*基于按重量计12%的替马西泮的理论效能
**95/5甘露醇/交聚维酮XL-10
实施例3C-替马西泮微粒料
通过将混合物穿过一台研磨机,将甘露醇25(122.4kg)和交聚维酮XL-10(8.0kg)分别进行共研磨。将甘露醇、交聚维酮、连同前阶段的微晶纤维素(AvicelPH101;8kg)以及结晶的替马西泮(Mallinckrodt,19.2kg)共混约3-5分钟。通过向不锈钢容器中的113kg净化水USP中在搅拌下缓慢加入羟丙基纤维素(KlucelLF,2.4kg)直到溶解而制备了ODT粘合剂溶液。将一个FluidAirFA300单元预先加热,同时将其放空以减小粘合到该单元壁上的材料的量。将甘露醇、交聚维酮、微晶纤维素、以及结晶的替马西泮的预先共混的混合物加入到FluidAir单元并且预先加热。将上述羟丙基纤维素水溶液喷雾到共混物上并且进行造粒。造粒过程是在具有不同空气流动量和滤袋振动时间的3个回路中进行的,以使在最终造粒中的细粉的量最小化。在喷雾后,将湿粒料干燥以将造粒过程中的湿度降到低于2.00%。使用一个Kason30”筛具使干燥的粒料通过一个20筛目的市场级筛网,进入用一个内部防静电的聚乙烯袋双层加衬的纤维滚筒中。超尺寸的粒料没有进行研磨而是被丢弃,这是因为替马西泮API和粒料的爆炸可能性。如上所述,还制备个另了两外批次(各160kg)的粒料。该方法生产了具有非常均匀的粒度分布以及非常高的产量(范围从96.0%到98.8%)的替马西泮微粒料,超尺寸的材料的量的范围是从0.1%到0.9%。替马西泮测定值的范围是从11.8%到12.1%。这些结果显示了减少的粘着和细粉水平,并且在任何与微晶纤维素(关于ODT配制品构成的细节参见表6),NF共混的片上没有观察到划痕。所有其他的片剂特性与先前观察到的那些相似(ODT配制品的压片特性参见表7,(批次大小:6kg))。这些7.5、15、22.5以及30-mg强度的片剂在30分钟的单独的溶出值是在98-101%的范围内。
表6:小规模的重新配制的共混物的组成
在造粒过程中使用1.5%的羟丙基纤维素NF(KlucelLF)将该过程进行比例放大,以提供包含12.0w/w%浓度的替马西泮的替马西泮粒料。使用一台FluidAir造粒机如下制造两个批次(造粒的组成参见表4/5):将替马西泮微粒料与快速分散微粒料以及其他包括微晶纤维素的赋形剂(三氯蔗糖、樱桃或薄荷调味剂、交聚维酮XL-10以及微晶纤维素)进行共混以制成最终的压制共混物,其效能为按重量计6.0%的替马西泮(ODT共混物的构成参见表5)。然后使用一台配备了MatsuiExLub系统的Hata压片机将这些共混物压制成ODT(压片特性参见表8)。使外部润滑剂(硬脂酸镁)的喷雾速度从1.80g/min到3.17g/min变化以确定润滑剂喷雾速度对片剂溶出的影响。
溶出数据显示出,在替马西泮造粒过程中加入的ODT粘合剂或外部施用的润滑剂都对生成的片剂的溶出没有任何影响(对于所有配制品,在30分钟时溶出的替马西泮的量是大于99%)。此外,在短或长的压制运行中,没有遇到与流动相关的问题。以上的研究证实,解决了在先前的替马西泮造粒(没有一种ODT粘合剂聚合物)和包括此类粒料的替马西泮ODT片的压片过程中观察到的技术问题。
实施例3D-替马西泮ODT压制共混物
如以上所述而制备的组合物(表5)的压制共混包括两个共混步骤:1)将三氯蔗糖、薄荷调味剂、交聚维酮XL-10、以及微晶纤维素在一台2cu-ftV-掺混机中进行预共混,并且2)将预共混的混合物与实施例1A的快速分散的微粒料以及实施例3C(表4)的替马西泮微粒料在一台V-掺混机中进行最终共混。在预共混步骤中,将微晶纤维素、交聚维酮、Nor-Cap天然薄荷调味剂、以及三氯蔗糖首先在一台2cu-ftV-掺混机中共混,然后使其通过一个研磨机以打碎任何的块并且确保三氯蔗糖以及薄荷调味剂与其他赋形剂充分混合。在与其他赋形剂共混前,将薄荷调味剂通过一个40筛目的标准手把筛网以打碎任何的块。然后将这种共混的材料与如上所述而制备的替马西泮微粒料(实施例3C)以及快速分散的微粒料(实施例1A)一起放入10cu-ftV-掺混机中,并且在排入用防静电袋双层加衬的纤维滚筒中之前进一步共混。为了证实最终共混物的均质性,对6个共混批次中的其中3个进行了单位剂量共混研究,并且从10个不同的位置收集样品用于替马西泮测定(抽样位置和测定值参见图1)。
实施例3E-替马西泮ODT压制
将压制共混物批次在配备了一个Exlub外部润滑系统的一台Hata压片机上进行压制。在表8中给出了起始操作参数,这些参数随需要而变化以维持片剂重量、硬度、厚度以及脆性在商业容许量之内。片剂的重量范围典型地维持在目标片剂重量的±4%。启动ExLub系统,以确保当压片运行时润滑剂适当地喷雾。为了生产符合如在表9中所表示的规格的7.5mg片剂,在压机上调节压片参数,如填充深度(mm)、预压制位置(mm或kN)以及主要压制位置(mm或kN)。在成功设定后,使压机在“自动模式”下运行,直到压制运行完为止。在运行过程中,周期性地对片剂抽样以确保所生产的片剂符合规格。以15RPM的转盘速度,将一个共混物批次(批次大小:实施例3D的140kg)压制成7.5mg和30mg的片剂,而将另一个共混物批次压制成15mg和30mg的片剂。取决于批次大小,各批次运行大约6到8小时。每30分钟对一个五片的样品测试片剂重量、硬度以及厚度。每60分钟,还抽取一个足够的样品进行脆性试验。在任何的运行过程中不要求调节操作参数以将片剂特性保持在以下表9中给出的规格内。
表9:替马西泮ODT的操作参数
图2表示出了7.5mg和30mg的替马西泮ODT在每次运行中自始至终的重量变化。在所有12个压片运行(批次)中的片剂重量与相应的目标值保持非常接近。在表10中给出了平均片剂重量、厚度、硬度以及脆性连同平均相对标准偏差(RSD)的范围。在这些压片运行过程中没有观察到与流动相关的加工问题或划痕。此外,与在没有ODT粘合剂时制备的ODT(即实施例1&2)相比,所加入的粘合剂没有降低替马西泮的溶出速率(表10)。
表10:替马西泮ODT的注册的稳定性批次的特性
实施例4
实施例4A-研究科学试验计划
在以下的表11中连同图3中呈现了7.5mg、15mg、22.5mg、或30mg的在实施例3E中制备的替马西泮ODT以及胶囊的溶出特性。
表11:替马西泮ODT和Restoril胶囊的溶出:对比数据
对正常人类受试者在禁食和进食条件下进行了两项临床研究。第一项临床研究是用于在正常人类受试者中在禁食条件下评价与30mg替马西泮胶囊(引用的药物产品)相比的30mg替马西泮ODT(用水和不用水)的生物等效性的一个开放标记的、随机的、三阶段的、交叉式研究。第二项临床研究是在进食条件下一个两阶段的交叉式研究。两个研究都使用了替马西泮ODT(批次大小:570,000片,测定值:102.3%;含量均一性(平均:99.7%;CV:1.0%))和(胶囊批号9917J50709(批次大小:1.9百万单元;测定值:99.2%;CU(平均:100.7%;CV:1.5%))。
在禁食研究中,54位健康受试者(47位完成)在三个指定阶段中接受了三次单独的药物给予,每阶段一个单一的30mg剂量。在10小时的禁食之后,在研究的第1天的0时刻给予药物。所给予的药物是:在口腔片崩解后立即用240mL(8液量盎司)室温自来水的替马西泮ODT配制品、不用水的替马西泮ODT、或用240mL(8液量盎司)室温自来水的一种胶囊。在给药后禁止食物另外4小时。
在进食研究中,50位健康受试者接受一个30mg剂量的替马西泮ODT(在口腔片崩解后立即给予240mL(8液量盎司)室温自来水)、或一个单一的30mg的胶囊(在10小时过夜禁食并且消耗高脂肪的标准早餐后用240mL(8液量盎司)室温自来水)。
使用以下参数监测了替马西泮的临床安全性:不良事件、生命体征(坐位血压、脉搏、以及呼吸频率)、健康状态调查、身体检查、医疗史、临床实验验值(血液学、化学、尿分析法)、以及受损害判断的评估值。在各研究阶段,在给药之前(在给药达1小时前)、并且在给药后0.25、0.50、0.75、1、1.25、1,50、1.75、2、2.50、3、4、6、8、12、16、24、30、36、48、60、以及72小时获得了多个6mL的血液样品。从所有血液样品中分离出血浆并且使用一种有效的LC-MS/MS分析方法(校准范围:20-1200ng/mL)分析替马西泮。通过不良事件、生命体征、健康状态调查、身体检查、临床实验值、以及受损害判断的评估值监测了临床安全性。在药物代谢动力学(PK)参数变化的分析中使用了参数化普通线性模式方法(即非房室方法)。从log-转化的数据的ANOVA结果可见,对于AUC0-inf(ng*hr/mL)和Cmax(ng/mL)计算了90%置信区间、以及物内变异系数。分别在表12和13中出示了在禁食和进食研究中得到的结果,在图4和图5中出示了血浆浓度-时间曲线、平均AUC和Cmax、以及它们的标准偏差。此外,得到了未转化的参数Tmax(到最大血浆水平的时间,小时)、t1/2以及kel的ANOVA结果。基于这些数据,在禁食或进食状态下,发现30mg替马西泮ODT剂型(用水或不用水给药)与30mg胶囊(用水给药)是生物等价的。发现替马西泮的两种30mg剂型都是安全并且耐受性很好的。
表12:在禁食条件下替马西泮ODT对胶囊的PK参数
表13:在进食条件下替马西泮ODT对Restoril胶囊的PK数据
实施例5
实施例5A-替马西泮微胶囊,6%的包衣
将10kg环己烷、以及850g替马西泮结晶材料装入一个5-加仑的凝聚罐(配备6”的搅拌器叶片+4”的高剪切、3-叶片的插件),将150g乙基纤维素(EthocelStandard100Premium)、100g聚乙烯(EpolineC-10)装入罐中。将罐加热到大约80℃,同时在约200rpm下进行搅拌以溶解乙基纤维素。此后,使罐经历受控的冷却以引起相分离。一旦冷却至环境温度,将微胶囊过滤、用新鲜的环己烷漂洗、并且将过滤的材料转移到一个通风橱中以允许残留的环己烷蒸发,由此提供微囊化的替马西泮,具有一个6wt.%的乙基纤维素包衣。
实施例5B-替马西泮ODT
将三氯蔗糖(0.35%)、樱桃调味剂(0.50%)、微晶纤维素(来自日本东京AsahiKasei的KG-1000;5%)以及交聚维酮(4.15%)在一台0.25cu-ftV-掺混机中进行预共混,并且然后将其与如上所述而制备的替马西泮掩味的微颗粒(40%)、以及快速分散的微粒料(50%)进一步共混,并且压制成7.5mg、15mg、22.5mg、以及30mg的替马西泮ODT。
综上所述,本发明涉及以下技术方案:
1.一种口腔崩解片组合物,包括:
治疗有效量的至少一种药物;
0.5-3%的ODT粘合剂聚合物;
糖醇和/或糖类化合物;以及
崩解剂。
2.如技术方案1所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中该至少一种药物是选自下组,其构成为:苯并二氮杂类、镇痛药类、抗高血压药类、抗焦虑剂类、抗凝剂类、抗惊厥药类、抗糖尿病剂类、降血糖剂类、减充血药类、抗组胺药类、抗炎剂类、镇咳药类、抗肿瘤药类、β阻滞剂类、抗风湿剂类、消炎药类、抗紧张剂类、认知增强剂类、抗动脉粥样硬化剂类、减肥剂类、抗阳痿药物类、抗感染剂类、抗感染剂类、催眠剂类、抗帕金森氏综合征剂类、抗阿耳茨海默病剂类、抗抑郁药类、以及抗病毒剂类、糖原磷酸化酶抑制剂类、胆固醇酯转运蛋白抑制剂类、CNS(中枢神经系统)兴奋剂类、多巴胺受体激动剂类、止吐剂类、胃肠道药物类、精神治疗剂类、阿片样物质激动剂类、阿片样物质拮抗剂、抗癫痫药物类、组胺H2拮抗剂类、止喘剂类、平滑肌松弛剂类、以及骨骼肌松弛剂类。
3.如技术方案1所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中该至少一种药物是替马西泮。
4.如技术方案1所述的口腔崩解片组合物,该组合物是通过将至少一种药物、该糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及该崩解剂在该ODT粘合剂聚合物的存在下造粒而制备的。
5.如技术方案1所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中该组合物包括药物颗粒以及快速分散的微粒料;
这些快速分散的微粒料包括该糖醇和/或糖类化合物与该崩解剂的组合;并且
这些药物颗粒包括至少一种药物、一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及该ODT粘合剂聚合物。
6.如技术方案5所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中,在口腔中与唾液接触后或当通过<USP701>崩解试验进行测试时,该组合物在约30秒之内实质性地崩解。
7.如技术方案5所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中,在口腔中与唾液接触后或当通过<USP701>崩解试验进行测试时,该组合物在约60秒之内实质性地崩解。
8.如技术方案5所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中,当使用US药典装置2(桨法,在75rpm下,在900mL的具有0.05%的聚山梨醇酯的乙酸钠缓冲液(pH4.0)中)测试溶出性时,该组合物在30分钟内释放约70%的或更多的替马西泮。
9.如技术方案5所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中这些快速分散的微粒料具有约100-400μm的平均粒度。
10.如技术方案6所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中这些快速分散的粒料的糖醇和/或糖类化合物以及崩解剂的平均粒度各自独立地是约1-30μm。
11.如技术方案5所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中在这些快速分散的微粒料中崩解剂的量是约1-10%。
12.如技术方案11所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中该崩解剂是选自下组,其构成为:交聚维酮、淀粉乙醇酸钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、低取代的羟丙基纤维素、以及它们的混合物。
13.如技术方案11所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中该糖醇是选自下组,其构成为:甘露醇、烷基木糖醇、山梨糖醇、麦芽酚、麦芽糖醇、以及它们的混合物,并且该糖类化合物是选自下组,其构成为:乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、以及它们的混合物。
14.如技术方案11所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中这些快速分散的微粒料包括甘露醇以及交聚维酮。
15.如技术方案5所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中快速分散的微粒料的量是该口腔崩解片组合物的总重量的约50-90%。
16.如技术方案5所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中这些药物颗粒具有约100-400μm的平均粒度。
17.如技术方案16所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中这些药物颗粒包括该药物的细晶粒,这些药物细晶粒具有约1-200μm的平均粒度。
18.如技术方案10所述的口腔崩解片组合物,进一步包括一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂,其中这些药物颗粒具有约100-400μm的平均粒度,这些药物颗粒包括药物的细晶粒,这些药物细晶粒具有约1-50μm的平均粒度,并且这些药学上可接受的赋形剂各自具有约1-30μm的平均粒度。
19.如技术方案5所述的口腔崩解片组合物,进一步包括一个包被这些药物颗粒的掩味层。
20.如技术方案19所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中该掩味层按重量计是替马西泮颗粒总重量的约3-10%。
21.如技术方案19所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中该掩味层包括一种不溶于水的聚合物以及一种任选的成孔物。
22.如技术方案21所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中该掩味层包括一种不溶于水的聚合物以及一种成孔物,并且该成孔物是该掩味层总重量的约10-50%。
23.如技术方案20所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中该不溶于水的聚合物是具有约7-100cps的粘度的乙基纤维素。
24.一种制备如技术方案1所述的组合物的方法,包括:
将至少一种药物、0.5-3%的一种ODT粘合剂聚合物、一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及一种崩解剂进行混合;并且
将所述混合物压制,由此形成一种口腔崩解片。
25.如技术方案24所述的方法,其中所述混合包括:
将包括至少一种药物、一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及该ODT粘合剂聚合物的一种药物混合物造粒,由此形成药物微粒料;
将包括一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物与一种崩解剂的组合的一种崩解剂混合物造粒,由此形成快速分散的微粒料;并且
将这些药物微粒料与快速分散的微粒料进行共混。
26.如技术方案25所述的方法,进一步包括将这些药物微粒料和快速分散的微粒料与另外的多种药学上可接受的赋形剂进行共混。
27.如技术方案25所述的方法,进一步包括将这些药物微粒料用一个掩味层进行包被。
28.如技术方案24所述的方法,其中所述压制是用一台压片机来进行的,该压片机具有一个外部润滑系统,由此该压片机的压模和冲头被预润滑。
29.如技术方案24所述的方法,其中所述压制是用一台旋转式压片机来进行的。
30.治疗患有一种疾病或病症的患者的一种方法,包括给予一个有效量的如技术方案2所述的口腔崩解片组合物。
31.如技术方案30所述的方法,其中该疾病或病症是一种睡眠障碍,并且该至少一种药物是替马西泮。
32.如技术方案31所述的方法,其中所述患有一种睡眠障碍的患者有吞咽困难。
Claims (10)
1.一种口腔崩解片组合物,包括:
治疗有效量的至少一种药物;
0.5-3%的ODT粘合剂聚合物;
糖醇和/或糖类化合物;以及
崩解剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中该至少一种药物是选自下组,其构成为:苯并二氮杂类、镇痛药类、抗高血压药类、抗焦虑剂类、抗凝剂类、抗惊厥药类、抗糖尿病剂类、降血糖剂类、减充血药类、抗组胺药类、抗炎剂类、镇咳药类、抗肿瘤药类、β阻滞剂类、抗风湿剂类、消炎药类、抗紧张剂类、认知增强剂类、抗动脉粥样硬化剂类、减肥剂类、抗阳痿药物类、抗感染剂类、抗感染剂类、催眠剂类、抗帕金森氏综合征剂类、抗阿耳茨海默病剂类、抗抑郁药类、以及抗病毒剂类、糖原磷酸化酶抑制剂类、胆固醇酯转运蛋白抑制剂类、中枢神经系统兴奋剂类、多巴胺受体激动剂类、止吐剂类、胃肠道药物类、精神治疗剂类、阿片样物质激动剂类、阿片样物质拮抗剂、抗癫痫药物类、组胺H2拮抗剂类、止喘剂类、平滑肌松弛剂类、以及骨骼肌松弛剂类。
3.如权利要求1所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中该至少一种药物是替马西泮。
4.如权利要求1所述的口腔崩解片组合物,该组合物是通过将至少一种药物、该糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及该崩解剂在该ODT粘合剂聚合物的存在下造粒而制备的。
5.如权利要求1所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中该组合物包括药物颗粒以及快速分散的微粒料;
这些快速分散的微粒料包括该糖醇和/或糖类化合物与该崩解剂的组合;并且
这些药物颗粒包括至少一种药物、一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及该ODT粘合剂聚合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的口腔崩解片组合物,其中这些快速分散的微粒料具有约100-400μm的平均粒度。
7.一种制备如权利要求1所述的组合物的方法,包括:
将至少一种药物、0.5-3%的一种ODT粘合剂聚合物、一种糖醇和/或糖类化合物、以及一种崩解剂进行混合;并且
将所述混合物压制,由此形成一种口腔崩解片。
8.治疗患有一种疾病或病症的患者的一种方法,包括给予一个有效量的如权利要求2所述的口腔崩解片组合物。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中该疾病或病症是一种睡眠障碍,并且该至少一种药物是替马西泮。
10.制备6%包衣的替马西泮微胶囊的方法,包括:
1)将10kg环己烷、以及850g替马西泮结晶材料装入一个5-加仑的凝聚罐(配备6”的搅拌器叶片+4”的高剪切、3-叶片的插件),将150g乙基纤维素(EthocelStandard100Premium)、100g聚乙烯(EpolineC-10)装入罐中;
2)将罐加热到大约80℃,同时在约200rpm下进行搅拌以溶解乙基纤维素;
3)使罐经历受控的冷却以引起相分离;
4)一旦冷却至环境温度,将微胶囊过滤、用新鲜的环己烷漂洗、并且将过滤的材料转移到一个通风橱中以允许残留的环己烷蒸发,由此提供微囊化的替马西泮,具有一个6wt.%的乙基纤维素包衣。
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AU2011336300B2 (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2015-05-21 | Adare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Rapidly dispersing granules, orally disintegrating tablets and methods |
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CN102784126A (zh) * | 2012-08-23 | 2012-11-21 | 海南卫康制药(潜山)有限公司 | 利福平组合物冻干口腔崩解片及其制备方法 |
CN102784117A (zh) * | 2012-08-23 | 2012-11-21 | 海南卫康制药(潜山)有限公司 | 硫酸庆大霉素组合物冻干口腔崩解片及其制备方法 |
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CN110840850B (zh) * | 2018-07-24 | 2023-03-17 | 烟台药物研究所 | 一种高生物利用度的塞来昔布冻干口崩片及其制备方法 |
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EA202192202A1 (ru) * | 2019-02-08 | 2021-11-03 | Дзе Брихэм Энд Уимен'З Хоспитал, Инк. | Способы и композиции для лечения синдрома обструктивного апноэ, возникающего во сне |
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