CN105496538A - 一种髋臼方形区接骨板 - Google Patents

一种髋臼方形区接骨板 Download PDF

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CN105496538A
CN105496538A CN201610080395.XA CN201610080395A CN105496538A CN 105496538 A CN105496538 A CN 105496538A CN 201610080395 A CN201610080395 A CN 201610080395A CN 105496538 A CN105496538 A CN 105496538A
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侯志勇
张英泽
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8061Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates specially adapted for particular bones
    • A61B17/8066Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates specially adapted for particular bones for pelvic reconstruction
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8004Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates with means for distracting or compressing the bone or bones
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8061Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates specially adapted for particular bones
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/808Instruments for holding or positioning bone plates, or for adjusting screw-to-plate locking mechanisms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B2017/564Methods for bone or joint treatment

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Abstract

一种髋臼方形区接骨板,属于骨科手术器械技术领域,用于对髋臼骨折进行有效固定。其技术方案是:本发明的接骨板为立体结构,接骨板的各个部分分别与髋臼方形区的弯曲形状相适配,因此接骨板各部分能够对髋臼骨折进行有效固定。本发明能够对髋臼前后柱骨折同时进行有效固定,可以通过对于髋臼方形区弓状线及坐骨棘部分的固定,增加了对髋臼方形区的覆盖及支撑,自方形区内侧壁将髋臼前柱后柱都能做到稳定性的重建。本发明是治疗髋骨骨折的首创,接骨板结构简单、使用方便、取得了意想不到的良好效果,解决了髋臼方形区骨折治疗中的难题,具有显著效益,值得推广使用。

Description

一种髋臼方形区接骨板
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗通过骨盆方形区固定髋臼前后柱骨折的接骨板,属于骨科手术器械技术领域。
背景技术
髋臼是组成人体下肢重要的负重关节,也是组成骨盆的重要部分,其骨折多为高能量损伤,多见于青年人。髋臼方形区周围骨折常伴有髋臼关节内骨折,治疗应根据临床表现、影像学评估等多种因素选择治疗方案,要求解剖复位,坚强固定,并做早期开始主动和被动的功能锻炼。
手术治疗已成为髋臼骨折的主要治疗方法。髋臼有前柱和后柱组成。髋臼骨折后往往合并方形区骨折,合并股骨头的中心性脱位。手术往往采用联合入路,即前方的髂腹股沟入路和后方的K-L入路治疗,于髋臼的前柱和后柱分别钢板固定。手术历时时间长,患者创伤大,出血多。如采用单一的前方入路手术治疗,前柱可以采用钢板坚强的固定,从前方向后柱置入螺钉固定不但要求术者技术水平较高而且对后柱的固定也不牢固。同样,采用单一的后方入路治疗,对于前柱的固定也不牢固。此外,对于方形区粉碎的骨折,前柱和后柱的钢板都不能进行有效地固定。如果不能牢固固定髋臼骨折块,容易发生再移位,引起髋关节创伤性关节炎或手术失败。因此,研究适合于粉碎性的髋臼方形区骨折的可同时固定前后柱的内植物就成为临床中面临的重要任务。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种髋臼方形区接骨板,以对受损较为严重的髋骨骨折进行满意的治疗,防止因髋骨损坏而带来的后遗症及后续手术。
解决上述技术问题的技术方案是:
一种髋臼方形区接骨板,它是两个长条形的加压锁定板组成的一个投影为L形的接骨板结构体,两条加压锁定板分别为耻骨支钢板,坐骨支钢板,耻骨支钢板的一端始于耻骨结节,耻骨支钢板的板面自耻骨结节向上旋转至耻骨梳,经过髂耻隆起沿弓状线至坐骨大切迹,耻骨支钢板的板面弯曲形状与经过的骨面形状相适配,坐骨支钢板的一端始于坐骨棘,自坐骨棘在髋臼方形区沿后缘到坐骨大切迹前缘,坐骨支钢板的板面弯曲形状与经过的骨面形状相适配,两部分加压锁定板在坐骨大切迹汇合连接为一体,耻骨支钢板和坐骨支钢板的板面上分别有多个锁定孔,多个锁定孔沿着耻骨支钢板和坐骨支钢板的板面长度方向均布。
上述髋臼方形区接骨板,它还有后柱拉力片,后柱拉力片的下端连接在耻骨支钢板和坐骨支钢板的连接处与髂骨相对的一侧,后柱拉力片的上端向后弯曲,后柱拉力片的板面与髂窝表面相适配,后柱拉力片的板面上有螺孔。
上述髋臼方形区接骨板,所述耻骨支钢板和坐骨支钢板之间有连接钢板,连接钢板的两端分别位于耻骨支钢板和坐骨支钢板的中部,连接钢板有弯曲度,连接钢板的弯曲度与闭孔一侧的髋臼方形区骨面相适配。
上述髋臼方形区接骨板,所述耻骨支钢板的锁定孔的两端的第二个孔为加压锁定孔。
上述髋臼方形区接骨板,所述坐骨支钢板的靠近坐骨棘的倒数第二个加压锁定孔。
本发明的有益效果是:
采用这种结构的能够对髋臼前后柱骨折同时进行有效固定的异形加压锁定接骨板,可以通过对于髋臼方形区弓状线及坐骨棘部分的固定,增加了对髋臼方形区的覆盖及支撑,自方形区内侧壁将髋臼前柱后柱都能做到稳定性的重建。本发明是治疗髋骨骨折的首创,接骨板结构简单、使用方便、取得了意想不到的良好效果,解决了长期没有解决的髋臼骨折治疗中的难题,具有显著效益,值得推广使用。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图;
图2是图1的侧视图;
图3是图2的对侧视图;
图4是图1的另一个侧视图;
图5是本发明的使用状态示意图。
图中标记如下:耻骨支钢板1、坐骨支钢板2、后柱拉力片3、连接钢板4、锁定孔5、耻骨结节6、耻骨梳7、髂耻隆起8、弓状线9、坐骨大切迹10、闭孔11、坐骨棘12、髋臼方形区13、髂窝14、耻骨下支15、耻骨联合关节面16、闭孔沟17。
具体实施方式
本发明是一种通过髋臼方形区内侧壁同时固定前后柱骨折的接骨板,可以最大限度的解剖修复髋臼的形态并做到稳定性固定,使受损骨块保持正常的解剖位置,以利于其复位生长。
图中显示,本发明由两个长条形的加压锁定板组成,两条加压锁定板分别为耻骨支钢板1和坐骨支钢板2,它还有后柱拉力片3和连接钢板4,上述部件共同构成一个投影为L形的接骨板空间结构体。
图中显示,耻骨支钢板1的一端始于耻骨结节6,耻骨支钢板1的板面自耻骨结节6向上旋转至耻骨梳7,过髂耻隆起8沿弓状线9至坐骨大切迹10,耻骨支钢板1的板面弯曲形状与经过的骨面形状相适配。
图中显示,坐骨支钢板2的一端始于坐骨棘12,自坐骨棘12在髋臼方形区13沿髋臼方形区13后缘到坐骨大切迹10前缘,坐骨支钢板2的板面弯曲形状与经过的骨面形状相适配,两块加压锁定板在坐骨大切迹10汇合连接。
图中显示,在耻骨支钢板1和坐骨支钢板2的板面上分别有多个锁定孔5,多个锁定孔5沿着耻骨支钢板1和坐骨支钢板2的板面长度方向均布。耻骨支钢板1的锁定孔5两端的第二个孔为加压锁定孔。坐骨支钢板2的靠近坐骨棘12的倒数第二个锁定孔5为加压锁定孔。每个锁定孔之间都做了塑形切迹,便于手术中更好的解剖贴附。
图中显示,后柱拉力片3的下端连接在耻骨支钢板1和坐骨支钢板2的连接处与髂骨相对的一侧,后柱拉力片3的上端向后弯曲,后柱拉力片3的板面与髂窝14表面相适配,后柱拉力片3的板面上有孔。
图中显示,耻骨支钢板1和坐骨支钢板2之间有连接钢板4连接,连接钢板4两端分别位于耻骨支钢板1和坐骨支钢板2中部,连接钢板4有弯曲度,连接钢板4弯曲度与闭孔11一侧的髋臼方形区13骨面相适配。
本发明的耻骨支钢板1自髋骨内壁对真骨盆环形固定,同时也能恢复髋臼前壁的解剖形态。坐骨支钢板2可以固定坐骨支对于髋臼后壁的解剖形态的恢复,做到稳定形固定。
耻骨支钢板1和坐骨支钢板2在坐骨大切迹10和弓状线9部分形成交汇,弓状线9部分的耻骨支钢板1在闭孔沟17部分附近与坐骨支钢板2在偏向坐骨棘12部分形成一个闭合的连接,构成一个三角形区域,对于髋臼方形区13闭孔肌内壁附着部分形成覆盖,对髋臼中心的方形区骨折有重建支撑的作用。
在螺钉角度方面,对于耻骨支钢板1和坐骨支钢板2的螺钉角度也是结合Stoppa或改良Stoppa手术入路的综合考虑,易于置入且避免螺钉对于髋臼的损坏。因内植入放置位置在髋臼内侧壁,Stoppa入路选取为耻骨联合向腹部脐部延伸约6-8CM切口,钢板上所有螺钉的置入角度及钻头钻孔的方向将其在手术切口的部分形成汇聚,同时可以避免更多的组织破坏。
后柱拉力片3向髂骨分延伸部分有一个螺孔,此螺钉位于腰小肌上附着点上缘,螺钉孔的方向主要用于自髂骨部分至坐骨结节的对于后柱的拉力固定。此螺钉的方向避开了其它螺钉与髋臼窝,对于髂骨与坐骨体即后柱有加压固定的作用。

Claims (5)

1.一种髋臼方形区接骨板,其特征在于:它是两个长条形的加压锁定板组成的一个投影为L形的接骨板结构体,两条加压锁定板分别为耻骨支钢板(1)和坐骨支钢板(2),耻骨支钢板(1)的一端始于耻骨结节(6),耻骨支钢板(1)的板面自耻骨结节(6)向上旋转至耻骨梳(7),过髂耻隆起(8)沿弓状线(9)至坐骨大切迹(10),耻骨支钢板(1)的板面弯曲形状与经过的骨面形状相适配,坐骨支钢板(2)的一端始于坐骨棘(12),自坐骨棘(12)在髋臼方形区(13)沿髋臼方形区(13)后缘到坐骨大切迹(10)前缘,坐骨支钢板(2)的板面弯曲形状与经过的骨面形状相适配,两部分加压锁定板在坐骨大切迹(10)汇合连接为一体,在耻骨支钢板(1)和坐骨支钢板(2)的板面上分别有多个锁定孔(5),多个锁定孔(5)沿着耻骨支钢板(1)和坐骨支钢板(2)的板面长度方向均布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的髋臼方形区接骨板,特征在于:它还有后柱拉力片(3),后柱拉力片(3)的下端连接在耻骨支钢板(1)和坐骨支钢板(2)的连接处与髂骨相对的一侧,后柱拉力片(3)的上端向后弯曲,后柱拉力片(3)的板面与髂窝(14)表面相适配,后柱拉力片(3)的板面上有螺孔。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的髋臼方形区接骨板,其特征在于:所述耻骨支钢板(1)和坐骨支钢板(2)之间有连接钢板(4)连接,连接钢板(4)两端分别位于耻骨支钢板(1)和坐骨支钢板(2)中部,连接钢板(4)有弯曲度,连接钢板(4)弯曲度与闭孔(11)一侧的髋臼方形区(13)骨面相适配。
4.根据权利要求3所述的髋臼方形区接骨板,其特征在于:所述耻骨支钢板(1)的锁定孔(5)两端的第二个孔为加压锁定孔。
5.根据权利要求4所述的髋臼方形区接骨板,其特征在于:所述坐骨支钢板(2)的靠近坐骨棘(12)的倒数第二个锁定孔(5)为加压锁定孔。
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Cited By (4)

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CN105769321A (zh) * 2016-05-03 2016-07-20 金柯楠 一种髋臼方形区骨折新型内固定装置
CN106667568A (zh) * 2016-12-31 2017-05-17 苏州市康力骨科器械有限公司 一种解剖型肩胛骨锁定钢板
CN107440779A (zh) * 2017-07-18 2017-12-08 陈伟 一种髋臼骨折复位坐骨螺钉置入安全角度定位器
CN107951556A (zh) * 2017-11-20 2018-04-24 李钊伟 复杂髋臼骨折内侧接骨板

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