CN105492231B - 用于机动车的混合动力驱动装置 - Google Patents

用于机动车的混合动力驱动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105492231B
CN105492231B CN201480046030.4A CN201480046030A CN105492231B CN 105492231 B CN105492231 B CN 105492231B CN 201480046030 A CN201480046030 A CN 201480046030A CN 105492231 B CN105492231 B CN 105492231B
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clutch
planetary driving
input shaft
motor
driving device
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CN105492231A (zh
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T·朔勒
F·福尔默
S·胡梅尔
C·迈克斯纳
J·穆勒
R·莱施
M·里施
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4816—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox internal shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/70—Gearings
    • B60Y2400/73—Planetary gearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0043—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising four forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2007—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2043—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with five engaging means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/909—Gearing
    • Y10S903/91—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears
    • Y10S903/911—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears with two or more gear sets

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种混合动力驱动装置，用于机动车，所述混合动力驱动装置具有内燃机、电机并且具有至少两个可通过切换元件和制动器切换到不同变速级中的行星传动装置，所述行星传动装置可通过输入元件和输出元件与被驱动的输入轴和从动轴连接并且所述行星传动装置的反应元件可被离合或可被制动住。本发明提出，所述内燃机(12)输出到第一输入轴(22)上，所述电机(14)输出到同轴线的第二输入轴(24)上，所述两个行星传动装置(16，18)这样彼此耦联，使得通过所述离合器(K1至K4)和制动器(B)可切换通过所述内燃机(12)进行的四个前进挡和通过所述电机(14)进行的三个前进挡或倒车挡。

Description

用于机动车的混合动力驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的混合动力驱动装置。
背景技术
例如US 2011/0136608 A1揭示了开头所述类型的混合动力驱动装置，所述混合动力驱动装置作为驱动源具有内燃机和电机，所述内燃机和电机单独地或共同地输出到具有多个变速级的传动装置上。传动装置在此通过两个彼此耦联并且可通过多个制动器和离合器切换的行星传动装置构成，所述行星传动装置与两个进行驱动的传动装置输入轴同轴地取向。通过使用行星传动装置，混合动力驱动装置可在轴向上构造得短且紧凑，由此例如可在机动车中进行横向安装。此外，电机的设置应是这样的，使得所述电机除了其驱动功能之外也可作为发电机用于产生电流并且在可能情况下可作为用于机动车的启动机来使用，另外可通过转动方向换向形成倒车挡。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种混合动力驱动装置，所述混合动力驱动装置可在结构上构造得更简单且更紧凑并且所述混合动力驱动装置除了在传动技术上有利的变速比之外可实现较大的结构自由度。
所述目的通过一种用于机动车的混合动力驱动装置来实现，该混合动力驱动装置具有内燃机、电机以及两个可通过切换元件和制动器切换到不同变速级中的、彼此耦联的行星传动装置，该行星传动装置可通过输入元件分别与被驱动的第一输入轴和与之同轴的被驱动的第二输入轴连接，以及通过输出元件与公共的从动轴连接，其中，两个行星传动装置的反应元件可被耦联或可被制动住，其中，所述内燃机输出到第一输入轴上，所述电机输出到第二输入轴上，其中，第一行星传动装置具有固定在壳体上的太阳轮、行星架和齿圈,齿圈与第二输入轴固定连接，第二行星传动装置具有由第二输入轴支承的太阳轮、与从动轴固定连接的行星架和齿圈，两个行星传动装置这样彼此耦联，使得通过四个离合器和固定在壳体上的制动器可切换通过所述内燃机进行的四个前进挡和通过所述电机进行的三个前进挡或倒车挡，其中，借助于第一离合器可将第一行星传动装置的行星架与第一输入轴连接，借助于第二离合器可将第一行星传动装置的齿圈与第二输入轴连接，借助于第三离合器可将第一行星传动装置的行星架与从动轴连接，借助于第四离合器可将第二行星传动装置的齿圈与第二输入轴连接或者将第二行星传动装置的行星架与第二输入轴连接，其中，借助于制动器可制动第二行星传动装置的齿圈。
根据本发明提出，内燃机输出到第一输入轴上，电机输出到同轴的第二输入轴上，两个行星传动装置这样彼此耦联，使得通过离合器和制动器可切换通过内燃机进行的四个前进挡和通过电机进行的三个前进挡和/或倒车挡。由此，不仅在具有可接受的挡分级和大的变速器传动范围的内燃发动机驱动中而且在用于机动车的低和中等速度范围的电机驱动中得到特别有利的使用能力。通过电机的转动方向换向可形成倒车挡。
在本发明的一个有利扩展构型中，通过操作仅一个离合器还可控制无驱动连接地由内燃机到电机的贯通，由此，例如内燃机可通过电机启动和/或通过内燃机可对机动车的牵引电池充电。作为替换方案，由内燃机到电机的贯通也可通过相应接通的变速级来进行。
在结构上和控制技术上有利的是，两个行星传动装置可借助于四个离合器和固定在壳体上的制动器切换。
为此，通过内燃机侧的输入轴上的第一和第二离合器可使要么第一行星传动装置的行星架要么电机的输入轴或者说第一行星传动装置的齿圈与内燃机侧的输入轴连接。
在结构空间上有利的是，所述的两个离合器可构造成双离合器，所述离合器可在轴向上前后相继地或在径向上彼此叠置地设置。
此外，第一行星传动装置可具有固定在壳体上的太阳轮、可通过第三离合器与从动轴连接的行星架和齿圈，所述齿圈与电机的输入轴固定连接。
另外，电机的输入轴支承第二行星传动装置的太阳轮，所述第二行星传动装置的行星架与从动轴固定连接并且所述第二行星传动装置的齿圈可通过第四离合器与电机的输入轴连接并且通过一个制动器与壳体制动住。
为了实现在效率方面以及在挡分级方面有利的传动装置设计，两个行星传动装置可构造成负传动装置，优选具有内燃机侧的负传动装置的-1.65的标准变速比i0和第二负传动装置的-1.95的标准变速比i0。
附图说明
下面通过其它细节详细描述本发明的两个实施例。半侧绘制为框图的附图表示：
图1用于机动车的混合动力驱动装置，该混合动力驱动装置由驱动内燃机、电机和两个彼此耦联的行星传动装置组成，其中，变速级可通过双离合器、两个另外的离合器和制动器来切换；以及
图2作为图1的替换方案的混合动力驱动装置，在电机的驱动轴与行星传动装置之间改型地设置双离合器并且改型地连接离合器。
具体实施方式
图1中示出了用于机动车的混合动力驱动装置10，所述混合动力驱动装置基本上包括仅简示的内燃机12、电机14和两个行星传动装置16、18。
内燃机12可在中间连接有扭转振动减振器或双质量飞轮的情况下作用在第一输入轴22上，而电机14输出到同轴的第二输入轴24上。用26标记从动轴，所述从动轴例如通过齿轮28以及通过另外的未示出的传动元件与机动车的车桥差速器传动连接。
如图所示，电机14可以以空心轴结构形式来构造，其中，转子14a和优选固定在壳体上的定子14b可或多或少地围绕行星传动装置18定位并且转子14a可通过法兰14c输出到输入轴24上。但电机14也可直接设置在输入轴24上。
内燃机侧的输入轴22通过离合器K1要么驱动支承行星轮16b的行星架16a的行星传动装置16要么通过离合器K2驱动行星传动装置16的齿圈16c，其中，齿圈16c通过连接法兰24a与输入轴24固定连接。
离合器K1和K2构造成双离合器，其中，所述离合器为了实现轴向结构短的构造而在径向上彼此叠置地设置。
行星传动装置16的太阳轮16d固定地支撑在壳体30(仅通过虚线表示)上，而行星架16a可通过第三离合器K3与从动轴26耦联。
第二行星传动装置18的太阳轮18d固定地设置在第二输入轴24上并且通过行星轮18b与行星架18a在传动上连接，第二行星传动装置的齿圈18c或者可通过固定在壳体上的制动器B制动住或者可通过第四离合器K4与输入轴24耦联。此外，行星架18a在传动上与从动轴26固定地连接。
通过两个行星传动装置16、18在输入轴22、24与从动轴26之间的上述耦联，如下所述，可切换内燃发动机驱动中的四个前进挡、电机驱动中的三个前进挡以及内燃机12与电机14之间无驱动的连接，其中，离合器K1至K4和制动器B如下地被激活：
行星传动装置16、18在变速技术上构造成负传动装置，具有行星传动装置16的-1.65的标准变速比i0和行星传动装置18的-1.95的标准变速比i0。
离合器K1至K4和制动器B的操作可以以本身公知的方式液压地和/或电动地进行，其中，所述切换元件可优选构造成片式离合器。另外，通过相应的驱控，在内燃发动机运行中电机14的驱动力矩在三个前进挡中叠加或者说为此被控制(助力运行)。
图2示出了混合动力驱动装置10，所述混合动力驱动装置在其它方面与图1结构相同，具有改型的双离合器，在所述改型的双离合器中离合器K1和K2在轴向上彼此前后相继地连接。此外，示出了离合器K4的改型的连接，所述离合器使电机的驱动轴24与行星传动装置2的行星架耦联。
径向上彼此叠置地设置的离合器K1、K2(图1)在轴向上需要很少的结构空间，而轴向取向的设置在径向方向上要求很少的安装空间，这在可能情况下对于以空心轴结构形式定位电机14而言可以是有利的。
电机14在可能情况下也可设置在内燃机12与行星传动装置16之间并且通过作为输入轴24的空心轴连接到行星传动装置18上。行星传动装置16、18在此可镜像地这样定位，使得行星传动装置18又与电机14直接轴向相邻。
离合器K2或制动器B可作为内燃发动机的起动元件使用或者说被相应地构造。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于机动车的混合动力驱动装置，该混合动力驱动装置具有内燃机(12)、电机(14)以及两个可通过切换元件和制动器切换到不同变速级中的、彼此耦联的行星传动装置(16,18)，该行星传动装置可通过输入元件(16a,18d)分别与被驱动的第一输入轴(22)和与之同轴的被驱动的第二输入轴(24)连接，以及通过输出元件(16a,18a)与公共的从动轴(26)连接，其中，两个行星传动装置(16,18)的反应元件可被耦联或可被制动住，其中，所述内燃机(12)输出到第一输入轴(22)上，所述电机(14)输出到第二输入轴(24)上，其中，第一行星传动装置(16)具有固定在壳体上的太阳轮(16d)、行星架(16a)和齿圈(16c),齿圈(16c)与第二输入轴(24)固定连接，第二行星传动装置(18)具有由第二输入轴(24)支承的太阳轮(18d)、与从动轴(26)固定连接的行星架(18a)和齿圈(18c)，两个行星传动装置(16，18)这样彼此耦联，使得通过四个离合器(K1至K4)和固定在壳体上的制动器(B)可切换通过所述内燃机(12)进行的四个前进挡和通过所述电机(14)进行的三个前进挡或倒车挡，其中，借助于第一离合器(K1)可将第一行星传动装置(16)的行星架(16a)与第一输入轴(22)连接，借助于第二离合器(K2)可将第一行星传动装置(16)的齿圈(16c)与第二输入轴(24)连接，借助于第三离合器(K3)可将第一行星传动装置(16)的行星架(16a)与从动轴(26)连接，借助于第四离合器(K4)可将第二行星传动装置(18)的齿圈(18c)与第二输入轴(24)连接或者将第二行星传动装置(18)的行星架(18a)与第二输入轴(24)连接，其中，借助于制动器(B)可制动第二行星传动装置(18)的齿圈(18c)。
2.根据权利要求1的混合动力驱动装置，其特征在于：通过操作所述第一或第二离合器(K1或K2)还能够控制无驱动连接的由所述内燃机(12)到电机(14)的贯通，其中，所述第一离合器(K1)在所述内燃机(12)与所述电机(14)之间实现不同于所述第二离合器(K2)的变速比。
3.根据权利要求1或2的混合动力驱动装置，其特征在于：第一离合器(K1)和第二离合器(K2)构造成双离合器，在该双离合器中第一离合器(K1)和第二离合器(K2)在轴向上前后相继地设置。
4.根据权利要求1或2的混合动力驱动装置，其特征在于：第一离合器(K1)和第二离合器(K2)构造成双离合器，在该双离合器中所述第一离合器(K1)和所述第二离合器(K2)在径向上彼此叠置地设置。
5.根据权利要求1或2的混合动力驱动装置，其特征在于：所述两个行星传动装置(16，18)构造成负传动装置。
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