CN105484125B - 一种收集利用雨水的台阶 - Google Patents
一种收集利用雨水的台阶 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105484125B CN105484125B CN201510994476.6A CN201510994476A CN105484125B CN 105484125 B CN105484125 B CN 105484125B CN 201510994476 A CN201510994476 A CN 201510994476A CN 105484125 B CN105484125 B CN 105484125B
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- CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].N Chemical compound 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[N].N CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
- E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
- E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
- E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
- C02F2301/022—Laminar
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
Abstract
本发明涉及一种收集利用雨水的台阶，所述台阶包括自上而下依次设置的透水面层、连接层、第一净化层、持水层、第二净化层、储水空腔、基层，并且上一级台阶中储水空腔的顶部与下一级台阶中储水空腔的顶部相连通。本发明充分利用台阶与台阶之间的重力落差，对雨水进行净化、收集、利用并储存一小部分雨水在台阶中，既满足了绿化用水需要，又能在干燥的天气保持台阶湿润，缓解城市热岛效应。
Description
一种收集利用雨水的台阶
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及一种台阶，特别是涉及一种收集利用雨水的台阶。
背景技术
[0002]随着城市的发展，越来越多的地表建筑物和各种硬化铺装所覆盖，严重破坏了天 然水循环，一方面使地表易产生积水并形成高峰值的径流，排入河道后增加防洪压力，产生 隐患；另一方面，在水资源日益紧张的今天，排入河道的雨水顺着河道流入下游，没有很好 的有效利用，造成水资源的浪费。
[0003]雨水利用作为开源和节流并举的一项措施，是缓解或解决上述水问题的一项重要 措施。但是近年来，城市水体水质恶化的现象时有发生，降雨过程中大量污染物随地表径流 的淋洗、冲刷进入水体是造成污染的主要原因之一，因此在对雨水进行利用时要注意雨水 的净化问题。
[0004]我国已针对雨水利用进行了诸多研究和实践，并取得了一定的效果，但是对于在 生活中随处可见的台阶对于雨水处理方面并没有有效地利用起来。雨天时，由于排水口一 般都设置在广场或道路两侧，一般在台阶上设置的很少，导致雨水会在台阶上集聚，对人行 造成一定的困扰。
发明内容
[0005]本发明的目的是提出一种可净化雨水并能收集利用雨水的台阶，使台阶既能满足 绿化用水的需求，又能在干燥的天气保持台阶湿润，还能缓解城市热岛效应。
[0006]为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种收集利用雨水的台阶，所述台阶包括自上而 下依次设置的透水面层、连接层、第一净化层、持水层、第二净化层、储水空腔、基层，并且上 一级台阶中储水空腔的顶部与下一级台阶中储水空腔的顶部相连通。
[0007] 优选地，所述透水面层的空隙率为10%〜25%，厚度为2〜4cm，所述透水面层由透 水沥青、透水混凝土、透水砖、透水砾石中的一种或多种铺设而成。
[0008] 优选地，所述连接层由粒径为0.1〜0.3cm的骨料和粘结剂混合而成，所述骨料为 粗砂和/或矿渣;并且所述连接层的厚度为0.8〜1 • 2cm，透水率大于或等于2.0 X l(T2cm/S。 [0009] 优选地，所述第一净化层的厚度为2〜4cm，由树脂、陶粒、好氧微生物组成，其中树 脂为孔径在100〜lOOOnm的全多孔树脂，陶粒为粒径在2〜2.5cm的多孔陶粒。
[0010] 优选地，所述持水层由粒径1〜2cm的级配碎石铺设而成，厚度为2〜4cm，孔隙率为 15% 〜25%。
[0011] 优选地，所述第二净化层的厚度为2〜3cm，由树脂、陶粒、好氧微生物和厌氧微生 物组成，其中树脂为孔径在100〜lOOOnm的全多孔树脂，陶粒为粒径在2〜2.5cm的多孔陶 粒。
[0012] 优选地，所述储水空腔包括外壁、横向设置在所述储水空腔内的第一水泥隔水板 以及纵向设置在所述储水空腔内的第二水泥隔水板，所述第一水泥隔水板的上部设有导流 槽。
[0013] 优选地，所述储水空腔的高度为6〜10cm;所述导流槽的槽深为1〜2cm，槽宽为3〜 5cm 〇
[0014] 优选地，上一级台阶中所述导流槽通过第一水泥隔水板和外壁之间的空腔与下一 级台阶中储水空腔相连通。
[0015] 基于上述技术方案，本发明的优点是：
[0016] 本发明针对当前雨天台阶易积水的问题，发明了一种可净化并收集利用雨水的台 阶结构，充分利用台阶与台阶之间的重力落差，对雨水进行净化、收集、利用并储存一小部 分雨水在台阶中，既满足了绿化用水需要，又能在干燥的天气保持台阶湿润，缓解城市热岛 效应。
附图说明
[0017] 此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发 明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
[0018] 图1为收集利用雨水的台阶结构示意图；
[0019] 图2为储水空腔的结构示意图；
[0020] 其中，1〜透水面层;2〜连接层;3〜第一净化层;4〜持水层;5〜第二净化层;6〜 储水空腔;7〜基层;8〜外壁;9〜第一水泥隔水板;10〜第二水泥隔水板;11〜导流槽。
具体实施方式
[0021]下面通过附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
[0022]本发明提供了一种收集利用雨水的台阶，如图1所示，其中示出了本发明的一种优 选实施方式。本发明的收集利用雨水的台阶包括自上而下依次设置的透水面层1、连接层2、 第一净化层3、持水层4、第二净化层5、储水空腔6、基层7,并且上一级台阶中储水空腔6的顶 部与下一级台阶中储水空腔6的顶部相连通。
[0023] 本发明的透水面层1的空隙率为10%〜25%，厚度为2〜4cm。所述透水面层1由透 水沥青、透水混凝土、透水砖、透水砾石中的一种或多种铺设而成，优选为透水沥青、透水混 凝土、透水砖、透水砾石不少于2种的组合，并且所述透水面层1宽度较下面各层宽1〜3cm。 所述透水面层1的主要作用为将路面的雨水快速渗透至地下，并完成对雨水的初级过滤，避 免一些大颗粒物进入地下；
[0024]优选地，所述连接层2由粒径为0.1〜0.3cm的骨料和粘结剂混合而成，所述骨料为 粗砂和/或矿渣，所述粘结剂可为无机、有机或二者相混合的粘结剂。并且所述连接层2的厚 度为0 • 8〜1 • 2cm，透水率大于或等于2.0 X l(T2cm/s。所述连接层2的主要作用为连接透水面 层1与第一净化层3。
[0025]所述第一净化层3的厚度为2〜4cm，由树脂、陶粒、好氧微生物组成，其中树脂为孔 径在100〜lOOOnm的全多孔树脂，陶粒为粒径在2〜2.5cm的多孔陶粒。其主要作用为:所述 第一净化层3距离地面较近透气性较好，当雨水渗透下来时，微生物可大量繁殖，并附着于 多孔的树脂和陶粒上，利用微生物对雨水中污染物如C0D、TN、TP和氨氮的去除作用，可对雨 水进行快速高效的净化作用
[0026]如图1所示，所述第一净化层3之下设有持水层4,所述持水层4由粒径1〜2cm的级 配碎石铺设而成，厚度为2〜4cm，孔隙率为15 %〜25 %。通过设置持水层4，利用其材料空隙 表面可以附着并保持一部分水分，在天晴后，可以随着温度升高缓慢蒸发，降低地表温度另 外多孔结构可以吸附雨水中的TP，使其形成不溶性的钙、铁等化合物沉淀下来，起到净化与 蒸发的双重作用。
[0027]优选地，所述持水层4之下设有第二净化层5，所述第二净化层5的厚度为2〜3cm， 由树脂、陶粒、好氧微生物和厌氧微生物组成，其中树脂为孔径在1〇〇〜l〇〇〇nm的全多孔树 脂，陶粒为粒径在2〜2_5cm的多孔陶粒。所述第二净化层5的作用原理与第一净化层3大致 相同，但是由于第二净化层5距离地面较远，形成一定的厌氧环境，可通过厌氧微生物进一 步净化持水层中缓慢下渗的雨水中的污染物，主要是雨水中的TN，加强净化效果。
[0028]如图2所示，所述储水空腔6包括外壁8、横向设置在所述储水空腔6内的第一水泥 隔水板9以及纵向设置在所述储水空腔6内的第二水泥隔水板1 〇，所述第一水泥隔水板9的 上部设有导流槽11。在本发明中，“横向”是指正交于沿台阶的方向，“纵向”是指沿台阶的方 向。优选地，上一级台阶中所述导流槽11通过第一水泥隔水板9和外壁8之间的空腔与下一 级台阶中储水空腔6相连通。并且所述储水空腔6的高度为6〜10cm;所述导流槽11的槽深为 1〜2cm，槽宽为3〜5cm。
[0029]本发明的所述储水空腔6能够将上层净化完成的雨水进行储存，当储存的雨水高 度超过所述导流槽11的下沿后，将由于重力差落入下一级台阶中，直到最底部的台阶，其水 流方向A如图1所示。第一水泥隔水板9和第二水泥隔水板10可保证每级台阶中都存储一部 分雨水。当遇到干旱天气时，储水空腔6中的存水可向上蒸发，改善区域小气候，缓解城市热 岛效应。而多余的雨水逐级向下，直到所有所述储水空腔6都已填满雨水，保证此台阶收集 净化雨水系统的效果，多余的雨水可连接绿化管网作为绿化用水进行绿地的浇灌，节约水 资源。另外储水空腔6内储存雨水，还可以减少径流雨水量，减少区域外排雨水。
[0030]所述基层7为台阶构建基本结构，可采用常规方式并根据实际情况进行材料选择 和铺设。
[G031]本发明的收集利用雨水的台阶的实施方法可参考如下步骤进行施工：
[0032] A •施工准备:清理作业场地，做好材料、工具准备；
[G033] B.按照设计要求放线；
[0034] C •台阶基层施工，保证台阶基础稳定；
[GG35] D•按照台阶结构进行储水空腔的构建；
[G036] E.储水空腔构建完成后，按照层状结构进行各层铺设；
[0037] F •清理现场、养护并投入使用。
[QQ38]本发明针对当前雨天台阶易积水的问题，发明了一种可净化并收集利用雨水的台 阶结构，充分利用台阶与台阶之间的重力落差，对雨水进行净化、收集、利用并储存一小部 分雨水在台阶中，既满足了绿化用水需要，又能在千燥的天气保持台阶湿润，缓解城市热岛 效应。
[0039]最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制；尽 管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解:依然 可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换;而不脱离本发 明技术方案的精神，其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。
Claims (7)
1. 一种收集利用雨水的台阶，其特征在于：所述台阶包括自上而下依次设置的透水面 层⑴、连接层⑵、第一净化层⑶、持水层⑷、第二净化层⑸、储水空腔⑹、基层⑺，并 且上一级台阶中储水空腔(6)的顶部与下一级台阶中储水空腔⑹的顶部相连通，所述储水 空腔⑹包括外壁(8)、横向设置在所述储水空腔⑹内的第一水泥隔水板⑼以及纵向设置 在所述储水空腔⑹内的第二水泥隔水板(10)，所述第一水泥隔水板⑼的上部设有导流槽 (11)，上一级台阶中所述导流槽(11)通过第一水泥隔水板⑼和外壁⑻之间的空腔与下— 级台阶中储水空腔⑹相连通;所述第一净化层⑶的厚度为2〜4cm，由树脂、陶粒、好氧微 生物组成;所述持水层(4)由粒径1〜2cm的级配碎石铺设而成;所述第二净化层(5)的厚度 为2〜3cm，由树脂、陶粒、好氧微生物和厌氧微生物组成。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的台阶，其特征在于:所述透水面层（1)的空隙率为10%〜25%， 厚度为2〜4cm，所述透水面层(1)由透水沥青、透水混凝土、透水砖、透水砾石中的一种或多 种铺设而成。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的台阶，其特征在于:所述连接层(2)由粒径为0.1〜0.3cm的骨 料和粘结剂混合而成，所述骨料为粗砂和/或矿渣；并且所述连接层（2)的厚度为0.8〜 1.2cm〇
4. 根据权利要求1所述的台阶，其特征在于:所述第一净化层(3)中树脂为孔径在100〜 lOOOnm的全多孔树脂，陶粒为粒径在2〜2 • 5cm的多孔陶粒。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的台阶，其特征在于:所述持水层(4)厚度为2〜4cm，孔隙率为 15% 〜25% 〇
6. 根据权利要求1所述的台阶，其特征在于:所述第二净化层(5)中树脂为孔径在100〜 lOOOnm的全多孔树脂，陶粒为粒径在2〜2 • 5cm的多孔陶粒。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的台阶，其特征在于:所述储水空腔(6)的高度为6〜l〇cm;所述 导流槽(11)的槽深为1〜2cm，槽宽为3〜5cm。
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