CN105482014B - 一种pmma基偶氮光敏微球的制备方法及其反应设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种PMMA基偶氮光敏微球的制备方法及其反应设备,涉及光敏材料有机合成技术领域。采用偶氮化合物为起始原料,通过MMA的等离子体聚合在偶氮化合物表面,包裹一层PMMA,形成PMMA基偶氮光敏微球;制备方法的主要步骤包括:1)偶氮化合物的等离子体预处理;2)等离子体聚合:甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体等离子体聚合并沉积在偶氮化合物表面上。该制备方法所制得的偶氮光敏微球粒径分布均匀,产品性能稳定,且制备过程简单,易于实施,没有环境污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光敏材料有机合成技术领域。
背景技术
偶氮化合物是一种最具应用潜力的光敏材料。将偶氮基团通过共价键、氢键、离子键等形式链接在聚合物链上就形成了偶氮光敏聚合物。偶氮功能化聚合物在光学存储、非线性光学材料、液晶材料、光机械材料及药物释放载体等领域有着很好的应用前景。将偶氮基团引入聚合物体系中,一方面材料可获得新的光响应性能;另一方面偶氮基团与聚合物相互作用,使得材料原有性能发生改变,如光学透明性、热稳定性、成膜特性和力学性能等都会得到改善,从而扩展了偶氮化合物的应用范围。
目前,偶氮光敏聚合物的合成主要有两种途径,一种是共混掺杂法,另一种为共聚法。共混掺杂法是将偶氮化合物直接掺入聚合物体系中形成偶氮化合物/聚合物掺杂体系。虽然该工艺比较简单,但当偶氮化合物的掺杂浓度较高时体系容易产生相分离,特别在高温条件下,偶氮生色团容易分解和升华,降低了体系的稳定性,使其在实际应用中受到限制;而共聚法是通过化学反应将偶氮发色基团接枝到聚合物主链或支链上,该方法虽然解决了体系稳定性问题,但其溶解性和电子迁移效应等很难同时兼顾,另外,该方法合成步骤较多,工艺过程复杂,条件苛刻,且由于大量使用极性溶剂,不仅成本高,而且环境污染较重,给实际应用带来诸多不便。因此,探索制备偶氮光敏聚合物的新方法已成为国内外学者共同面对的难题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种PMMA基偶氮光敏微球的制备方法及其反应设备,所制得的偶氮光敏微球粒径分布均匀,产品性能稳定,且制备过程简单,易于实施,没有环境污染。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采取的技术方案是:一种PMMA基偶氮光敏微球的制备方法,采用偶氮化合物为起始原料,通过甲基丙烯酸甲酯的等离子体聚合在偶氮化合物表面,包裹一层PMMA,形成PMMA基偶氮光敏微球;制备方法的主要步骤包括:
1)偶氮化合物的等离子体预处理;
2)等离子体聚合:甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体等离子体聚合并沉积在偶氮化合物表面上。
优选的,等离子体聚合为:甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体等离子体聚合并沉积在偶氮化合物表面上,等离子体聚合放电参数条件为压力10~25Pa、等离子体脉冲宽度为20~100s、等离子体聚合功率为30~105W、等离子体聚合时间为80~260min、反应温度为50~70℃。
优选的,偶氮化合物的分子结构式为:
n为4、6、8或11。
优选的,偶氮化合物的等离子体预处理方式为:把1~5g偶氮化合物加入到等离子体聚合反应室内的旋转的石英瓶中,抽取等离子体聚合反应室内的气体至气压为2Pa,然后向等离子体聚合反应室通入高纯氮气至气压为80Pa,重复抽放气体三次,调节等离子体聚合反应室内压力为20Pa,在放电功率50W的条件下,用氮气等离子体对偶氮化合物处理20分钟。
优选的,石英瓶旋转速度为60~120rpm。
优选的,等离子体聚合步骤为:通过单体原料瓶向等离子体聚合反应室中通入气化的甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体,调整反应室内压力;接通脉冲射频电源,调整等离子体聚合放电参数条件,开始放电,达到所需的等离子体聚合时间后,关闭脉冲射频电源,停止放电,继续通入气化的甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体,并在此条件下保持1小时。
一种PMMA基偶氮光敏微球的制备方法所用的反应设备,包括等离子体聚合反应室,等离子体聚合反应室外侧上方和下方分别相对设有正电极和负电极,正电极和负电极与脉冲射频电源相连;等离子体聚合反应室侧壁设有传动电机,等离子体聚合反应室内腔设有横倒放置的石英瓶,石英瓶瓶口与传动电机连接,石英瓶外侧设有加热装置一,石英瓶瓶底中部设有蜂窝状通孔;等离子体聚合反应室连有气体抽吸装置、气体供给装置和真空计。
优选的,气体抽吸装置包括真空泵,真空泵通过抽真空管路与等离子体聚合反应室相连。
优选的,气体供给装置包括单体原料瓶和氮气气瓶,单体原料瓶和氮气气瓶通过气体供给管路与等离子体聚合反应室相连;单体原料瓶下方设有加热装置二。
优选的,加热装置一为加热套或电热丝。
PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯),英文全称:PolymethylMethacrylate。
甲基丙烯酸甲酯,英文名Methyl methacrylate(简称MMA)。
采用上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于:该制备方法所制得的偶氮光敏微球粒径为1.4~2.0μm,且微球具有较好的热稳定性,同时该制备过程简单,易于实施,没有环境污染,体现了材料设计的新理念。
附图说明
图1是本发明的反应设备结构示意图;
图中,1、氮气气瓶;2、加热装置二;3、单体原料瓶;4、气体供给管路;5、传动电机;6、负电极;7、加热装置一;8、石英瓶;9、蜂窝状通孔;10、等离子体聚合反应室;11、脉冲射频电源;12、等离子体聚合反应室门;13、真空计;14、正电极;15、真空泵;16、抽真空管路。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图1所示,本发明反应设备包括等离子体聚合反应室10,等离子体聚合反应室10外侧上方和下方分别相对设有正电极14和负电极6,正电极14和负电极6与脉冲射频电源11相连;等离子体聚合反应室10侧壁设有传动电机5,等离子体聚合反应室10内腔设有横倒放置的石英瓶8,石英瓶8瓶口与传动电机5连接,石英瓶8外侧设有加热装置一7,石英瓶8瓶底中部设有蜂窝状通孔9;等离子体聚合反应室10连有气体抽吸装置、气体供给装置和真空计13。
气体抽吸装置包括真空泵15,真空泵15通过抽真空管路16与等离子体聚合反应室10相连。气体供给装置包括单体原料瓶3和氮气气瓶1,单体原料瓶3和氮气气瓶1通过气体供给管路4与等离子体聚合反应室10相连;单体原料瓶3下方设有加热装置二2。加热装置一7为加热套或电热丝。
实施例1
一种PMMA基偶氮光敏微球的制备方法,其中:
偶氮化合物的分子结构式为:
n为4。
主要制备步骤包括:
(1)偶氮化合物的等离子体预处理:
把1g偶氮化合物加入到等离子体聚合反应室10内的旋转的石英瓶8中,抽取等离子体聚合反应室10内的气体至气压为2Pa,然后向等离子体聚合反应室10通入高纯氮气至气压为80Pa,重复抽放气体三次,调节等离子体聚合反应室10内压力为20Pa,在放电功率50W的条件下,用氮气等离子体对偶氮化合物处理20分钟。
(2)等离子体聚合,甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体等离子体聚合并沉积在偶氮化合物表面上:用加热装置一7把石英瓶8内的温度升至50℃,石英瓶8的旋转速度调为60rpm,然后通过单体原料瓶3向等离子体聚合反应室10中通入气化的甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)单体,调整反应室内压力为10Pa;接通脉冲射频电源11,调整等离子体聚合放电参数条件,等离子体脉冲宽度为20s、等离子体聚合功率为105W,开始放电,等离子体聚合时间达到80min后,关闭脉冲射频电源11,停止放电;继续通入气化的甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体,并在此条件下保持1小时,即得PMMA基偶氮光敏微球。
实施例2——实施例8
与实施例1的不同之处在于等离子体聚合放电参数条件不同,包括等离子体聚合反应室内压力、石英瓶内的温度、石英瓶旋转速度、等离子体脉冲宽度、等离子体聚合功率和等离子体聚合时间,各实施例等离子体聚合具体条件见表1。
实施例1~8制备的PMMA基偶氮光敏微球的性能测试结果见表2。
本发明制备方法所制得的偶氮光敏微球粒径为1.4~2.0μm,且微球具有较好的热稳定性,同时该制备过程简单,易于实施,没有环境污染,体现了材料设计的新理念。
Claims (5)
1.一种PMMA基偶氮光敏微球的制备方法,其特征在于:采用偶氮化合物为起始原料,通过甲基丙烯酸甲酯的等离子体聚合在偶氮化合物表面,包裹一层PMMA,形成PMMA基偶氮光敏微球;所述制备方法的主要步骤包括:
1)偶氮化合物的等离子体预处理:把1~5g偶氮化合物加入到等离子体聚合反应室(10)内的旋转的石英瓶(8)中,抽取等离子体聚合反应室(10)内的气体至气压为2Pa,然后向等离子体聚合反应室(10)通入高纯氮气至气压为80Pa,重复抽放气体三次,调节等离子体聚合反应室(10)内压力为20Pa,在放电功率50W的条件下,用氮气等离子体对偶氮化合物处理20分钟;
2)等离子体聚合:甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体等离子体聚合并沉积在偶氮化合物表面上,等离子体聚合放电参数条件为压力10~25Pa、等离子体脉冲宽度为20~100s、等离子体聚合功率为30~105W、等离子体聚合时间为80~260min、反应温度为50~70℃;
通过单体原料瓶(3)向等离子体聚合反应室(10)中通入气化的甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体,调整反应室内压力;接通脉冲射频电源(11),调整等离子体聚合放电参数条件,开始放电,达到所需的等离子体聚合时间后,关闭脉冲射频电源(11),停止放电,继续通入气化的甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体,并在此条件下保持1小时;
所述偶氮化合物的分子结构式为:
n为4、6、8或11。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种PMMA基偶氮光敏微球的制备方法,其特征在于:石英瓶(8)旋转速度为60~120rpm。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种PMMA基偶氮光敏微球的制备方法所用的反应设备,其特征在于:包括等离子体聚合反应室(10),等离子体聚合反应室(10)外侧上方和下方分别相对设有正电极(14)和负电极(6),正电极(14)和负电极(6)与脉冲射频电源(11)相连;等离子体聚合反应室(10)侧壁设有传动电机(5),等离子体聚合反应室(10)内腔设有横倒放置的石英瓶(8),石英瓶(8)瓶口与传动电机(5)连接,石英瓶(8)外侧设有加热装置一(7),石英瓶(8)瓶底中部设有蜂窝状通孔(9);等离子体聚合反应室(10)连有气体抽吸装置、气体供给装置和真空计(13);
气体供给装置包括单体原料瓶(3)和氮气气瓶(1),单体原料瓶(3)和氮气气瓶(1)通过气体供给管路(4)与等离子体聚合反应室(10)相连;单体原料瓶(3)下方设有加热装置二(2)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种PMMA基偶氮光敏微球的制备方法所用的反应设备,其特征在于:气体抽吸装置包括真空泵(15),真空泵(15)通过抽真空管路(16)与等离子体聚合反应室(10)相连。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种PMMA基偶氮光敏微球的制备方法所用的反应设备,其特征在于:加热装置一(7)为加热套或电热丝。
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