CN105474407B - 具有高电极化率层的太阳能电池模块 - Google Patents
具有高电极化率层的太阳能电池模块 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种太阳能电池(100A)模块,所述太阳能电池(100A)模块包括太阳能电池(101)和高电极化率层(220),所述太阳能电池(101)包封在保护性封装中,所述高电极化率层(220)放置在所述太阳能电池(101)上。所述高电极化率层(220)被极化,使得在所述高电极化率层(220)与所述太阳能电池(101)的界面处形成薄层电荷。所述保护性封装包含封装剂(223),所述封装剂(223)封装所述太阳能电池(101)。所述封装剂(223)可为多层封装剂,其中所述高电极化率层(220)为所述封装剂(223)的层。所述高电极化率层(220)也可为与所述封装剂(223)分隔开的材料。
Description
技术领域
本文所述的主题的实施例整体涉及太阳能电池,并且更具体地讲,涉及太阳能电池模块。
背景技术
太阳能电池是熟知的用于将太阳辐射转换成电能的装置。太阳能电池具有正面以及与正面相背对的背面,所述正面在正常操作过程中面向太阳以收集太阳辐射。照射在太阳能电池上的太阳辐射产生可用于为外部电路(诸如负载)供电的电荷。
若干太阳能电池可以连接在一起以形成太阳能电池阵列。太阳能电池阵列可以封装成太阳能电池模块,该模块包括保护层,所述保护层使太阳能电池阵列能够经受野外的环境条件。本发明的实施例涉及用于提高效率并解决太阳能电池模块中太阳能电池的表面衰减机制的解决方案。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,太阳能电池模块包括太阳能电池和高电极化率层,所述太阳能电池包封在保护性封装中,所述高电极化率层放置在所述太阳能电池上。高电极化率层被极化,使得在高电极化率层与太阳能电池的界面处形成薄层电荷。保护性封装包含封装剂,所述封装剂封装太阳能电池。封装剂可为多层封装剂,其中高电极化率层为封装剂的层。高电极化率层也可为与封装剂分隔开的材料。
本领域的普通技术人员在阅读包括附图和权利要求书的本发明全文之后,本公开的这些和其他特征对于他们而言将是显而易见的。
附图说明
当结合以下附图考虑时,通过参见具体实施方式和权利要求书可以更完全地理解所述主题,其中在所有附图中,类似的附图标记是指类似的元件。附图未按比例绘制。
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的太阳能电池模块。
图2和图3示出了根据本发明实施例的太阳能电池的前表面上的高电极化率层的示意图。
图4示出了根据本发明实施例的使用导电材料极化的高电极化率层。
图5示出了根据本发明实施例的具有高电极化率层的多层封装剂。
图6-图8为示意性地示出了根据本发明实施例的太阳能电池模块的制造的剖视图。
图9-图11为示意性地示出了根据本发明另一个实施例的太阳能电池模块的制造的剖视图。
具体实施方式
在本发明中,提供了许多具体细节,例如设备、部件和方法的例子,以获得对实施例的全面理解。然而,本领域的技术人员将会认识到,这些实施例可在没有所述具体细节中的一者或多者的情况下实施。在其他情况下,未示出或描述熟知的细节,以避免混淆本发明的方面。
图1示出了根据本发明实施例的太阳能电池模块100。太阳能电池模块100为所谓的“地面太阳能电池模块”,因为它是专为用于固定应用而设计,诸如在屋顶上使用或由发电站使用。在图1的例子中,太阳能电池模块100包括互连太阳能电池101的阵列。为了图示清晰起见,仅有一些太阳能电池101在图1中被标示。在图1中可见的为太阳能电池101的正面,其在正常操作过程中朝向太阳以收集太阳辐射。太阳能电池101的背面与正面相背对。框架102为太阳能电池阵列提供机械支撑。
在图1的例子中,太阳能电池101包括全背接触式太阳能电池,其易受前表面衰减机制诸如电势诱发衰减(例如,高电压衰减、电池极化)以及因暴露于紫外辐射所致的衰减的影响。在全背接触式太阳能电池中,太阳能电池的P型和N型扩散区以及接触到P型和N型扩散区的金属触点全部位于太阳能电池的背面上。在其他实施例中,太阳能电池101包括前接触太阳能电池。在前接触太阳能电池中,一种极性的扩散区(例如,N型扩散区)位于太阳能电池的正面上,并且相反极性的扩散区(例如,P型扩散区)位于太阳能电池的背面上。
太阳能电池模块100的前部103与太阳能电池101的正面在相同侧,并可见于图1中。太阳能电池模块100的后部104在前部103的下方。下文将更显而易见的是,前部103包括在太阳能电池101正面上形成的保护性材料层。
图2示出了根据本发明实施例的太阳能电池101的前表面上的高电极化率层201的示意图。一般来讲,电极化率为无量纲比例常数,其指示电介质材料响应于所施加的电场而极化的程度。更具体地讲,电极化率χe为比例常数,其将电场Ε与感生电介质极化密度Ρ相关联,使得:
Ρ=ε0χeΕ (方程式1)
其中Ρ为极化密度,ε0为自由空间电容率,χe为电极化率,并且Ε为电场。
层201具有“高电极化率”,因为其包含具有足够高的电极化率(例如,至少100)的材料,以允许高电极化率层201在电容器中时被极化并且在置于电场中时在其表面处感生出薄层电荷。当将高电极化率层201放置为邻近太阳能电池表面时,电场所感生出的薄层电荷可用于排斥或吸引电荷载流子以减少衰减,提高太阳能电池的效率等等。
在一个实施例中,太阳能电池101包括N型硅基板。因为太阳能电池101的块状硅为N型,太阳能电池101中的多数电荷载流子为电子。高电极化率层201可按照指向太阳能电池101前表面的极化矢量202进行极化,如图2所示。这在面向太阳能电池101的高电极化率层201表面上,特别是在界面203处产生正薄层电荷。正薄层电荷增加电势,所述电势排斥界面203处的空穴少数电荷载流子,从而减少表面复合以延迟表面衰减并提高太阳能电池效率。
如图3所示,高电极化率层201也可按照背朝太阳能电池101前表面指向的极化矢量202进行极化。这在面向太阳能电池101的高电极化率层201表面上,特别是在界面203处产生负薄层电荷。负薄层电荷可有利于减少其中多数电荷载流子为空穴的太阳能电池101中的表面复合,这与太阳能电池101具有P型硅基板的实施例中一样。在那些实施例中,界面203处的电子少数电荷载流子有利地被负薄层电荷排斥。
取决于太阳能电池101的配置,高电极化率层201与太阳能电池101的界面203处的特定薄层电荷极性可加剧特定前表面衰减。例如,当在界面203处感生出的薄层电荷为负并且太阳能电池101中的多数电荷载流子为电子时,负薄层电荷可将空穴少数电荷载流子朝高电极化率层201吸引,从而加速因电池极化所致的衰减。为了最小化电池极化,高电极化率层201可具有“高电阻率”,诸如至少1×1014Ω-cm的电阻率,以防止或最小化流过高电极化率层201的漏电流。更具体地讲,在一个实施例中,高电极化率层201可具有至少1×1014Ω-cm的电阻率以及至少100的电极化率。
高电极化率层201可包含聚合物,诸如聚乙烯或聚烯烃。在一个实施例中,为了极化聚合物,使聚合物暴露于电场,所述电场在足够高的温度下施加以使聚合物的偶极定向排列。然后在短于弛豫时间的时间量内降低温度以冻结偶极。可在层合过程中或在封装剂膜的挤出工艺过程中进行聚合物的极化。还可在聚合物的形成中使用添加剂以在太阳能电池模块100的标准操作温度下增加电极化率和弛豫时间。有机添加剂诸如樟脑酰亚胺(champoric imide)或樟脑酸酐(champhoric anhydride)可用于增倍无定形聚合物基质的电介质特性而基本上不影响关键特性,诸如电阻率和光学透明度。
还可通过将高电极化率层201放置为邻近材料来极化高电极化率层201,所述材料有利于极化率层201暴露于电场。例如,如图4所示,可将导电材料207(例如,铟锡氧化物;高电导率封装剂)的片材放置在高电极化率层201与透明顶盖221之间。可将电引线附接到导电材料207以便使高极化率层201更快极化。
高电极化率层201可作为封装剂或单独材料层结合到太阳能电池模块100中。在图5的例子中,封装剂210为具有高电极化率层212和高电阻率层211的多层封装剂。取决于制造封装剂210的工艺,封装剂210可仅具有放置在太阳能电池101前表面上的底部高电极化率层212;封装剂210在该实施例中不具有顶部高电极化率层212。
封装剂210可包含具有高电阻率的聚合物,诸如聚乙烯或聚烯烃。封装剂210的顶部和底部可掺杂有添加剂以提高其电极化率,而同时使封装剂210的本体不含添加剂。封装剂210的掺杂顶部和底部形成高电极化率层212,并且封装剂210的未掺杂本体形成高电阻率层211。底部高电极化率层212,即与太阳能电池101接合的层,被极化以在封装剂210与太阳能电池101的界面204处感生出薄层电荷。高电极化率层212可在例如封装剂210的挤出过程中被极化,以感生出薄层电荷(例如,正薄层电荷)。
图6-图8为示意性地示出了根据本发明实施例的太阳能电池模块100A的制造的剖视图。太阳能电池模块100A为图1的太阳能电池模块100的具体实施例。
图6为示出了根据本发明实施例的太阳能电池模块100A的部件的分解图。太阳能电池模块100A可包括透明顶盖221、封装剂223-1、高电极化率层220、串联连接的太阳能电池101、封装剂223-2和背板224。在一个实施例中,封装剂223-1和223-2为相同类型封装剂的单独片材。
透明顶盖221,其为前部103上的最上层,保护太阳能电池101免受环境的影响。将太阳能电池模块100A安装在野外,使得在正常操作过程中透明顶盖221面对太阳。太阳能电池101的正面经由透明顶盖221面向太阳。透明顶盖201可包含玻璃。
封装剂223(即,223-1、223-2)可包含聚乙基-醋酸乙烯酯(“EVA”)、聚烯烃、聚乙烯或适用于太阳能电池模块的其他封装剂材料。背板224可包含例如泰德拉/聚酯/EVA(“TPE”)、泰德拉/聚酯/泰德拉(“TPT”)或含有含氟聚合物的多层背板。
在图6的例子中,单独高电极化率层220放置在封装剂223-1与太阳能电池101的正面之间。高电极化率层220可具有至少100的电极化率,并且在一些实施例中具有至少1×1014Ω-cm的电阻率。高电极化率层220不一定具有高电阻率,尤其是在封装剂223-1具有高电阻率或从太阳能电池101的前表面到透明盖221的漏电流不会导致前表面显著衰减的实施例中。
在图7中,透明顶盖221、封装剂223-1、高电极化率层220、封装剂223-2和背板224形成在一起,从而制得包封太阳能电池101的保护性封装。在一些实施例中,上述部件可以图6的堆叠顺序形成在一起。更具体地讲,太阳能电池101放置在封装剂223-1与223-2之间,其中高电极化率层220介于封装剂223-1与太阳能电池101的前表面之间。背板224放置在封装剂223-2的下方,并且透明顶盖221直接放置在封装剂223-1上。然后通过例如真空层合,一起压制并加热太阳能电池模块100A的这些部件。层合工艺将封装剂223-1和223-2熔合在一起以封装太阳能电池101和高电极化率层220。在图7中,封装剂223-1和223-2被标记为223’,以指示它们已经熔合在一起。高电极化率层220可例如在层合工艺过程中被极化,以在高电极化率层220与太阳能电池101的界面处感生出薄层电荷(例如,正或负薄层电荷)。图8示出了安装在框架102上的图7的保护性封装。
图9-图11为示意性地示出了根据本发明另一个实施例的太阳能电池模块100B的制造的剖视图。太阳能电池模块100B为图1的太阳能电池模块100的具体实施例。
图9为示出了根据本发明实施例的太阳能电池模块100B的部件的分解图。太阳能电池模块100B可包括透明顶盖221、封装剂210、串联连接的太阳能电池101、封装剂223-2和背板224。太阳能电池模块100B与太阳能电池模块100A的不同之处在于未采用单独的高电极化率层220。相反,封装剂210替换封装剂223-1以提供高电极化率层,如之前参照图5所述(参见图5,封装剂210的高电极化率层212)。
在图10中,透明顶盖221、封装剂210、封装剂223-2和背板224形成在一起,从而制得包封太阳能电池101的保护性封装。可通过在例如真空层合工艺中一起压制并加热上述部件,而将上述部件以图9的堆叠顺序形成在一起。层合工艺使封装剂210和封装剂223-2熔合在一起以封装太阳能电池101。在图10中,封装剂210和223-2被一起标记为210/223,以指示它们已经熔合在一起。图11示出了安装在框架102上的图10的保护性封装。
已公开了具有高电极化率层的太阳能电池模块。虽然已提供了具体实施例,但是应当理解,这些实施例是用于举例说明的目的,而不用于限制。通过阅读本发明,许多另外的实施例对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
Claims (20)
1.一种太阳能电池模块,包括:
多个太阳能电池,所述多个太阳能电池具有正面以及与所述正面相背对的背面,所述正面在正常操作过程中面向太阳;
所述多个太阳能电池上的高电极化率层,所述高电极化率层具有至少100的电极化率;
封装剂,所述封装剂封装所述多个太阳能电池;以及
所述高电极化率层上的透明顶盖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述封装剂为多层封装剂并且所述高电极化率层为所述封装剂的层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述高电极化率层为所述封装剂的层,所述封装剂的层与所述多个太阳能电池接合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述高电极化率层在所述多个太阳能电池与所述高电极化率层的界面处感生出正薄层电荷。
5.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述高电极化率层在所述多个太阳能电池与所述高电极化率层的界面处感生出负薄层电荷。
6.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述高电极化率层与所述封装剂分隔开。
7.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池模块,其中通过将所述高电极化率层放置为邻近导电材料来极化所述高电极化率层。
8.一种太阳能电池模块,包括:
多个太阳能电池,所述多个太阳能电池具有正面以及与所述正面相背对的背面,所述正面在正常操作过程中面向太阳;
保护性封装,所述保护性封装包封所述多个太阳能电池;以及
所述多个太阳能电池的所述正面上的第一高电极化率层,所述第一高电极化率层具有至少100的电极化率。
9.根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述保护性封装包含多层封装剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述封装剂包括所述第一高电极化率层、第二高电极化率层以及高电阻率层,所述高电阻率层介于所述第一高电极化率层与所述第二高电极化率层之间。
11.根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池模块,其中通过将所述第一高电极化率层放置为邻近导电材料来极化所述第一高电极化率层。
12.根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述保护性封装包含封装剂,所述封装剂封装所述第一高电极化率层和所述多个太阳能电池。
13.根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述高电极化率层在所述多个太阳能电池与所述高电极化率层的界面处感生出正薄层电荷。
14.根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述高电极化率层在所述多个太阳能电池与所述高电极化率层的界面处感生出负薄层电荷。
15.一种太阳能电池模块,包括:
太阳能电池;
保护性封装,所述保护性封装包封所述太阳能电池;以及
所述太阳能电池上的第一高电极化率层,所述第一高电极化率层具有至少100的电极化率,并且被极化使得薄层电荷位于所述第一高电极化率层的表面上,所述表面面向所述太阳能电池。
16.根据权利要求15所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述第一高电极化率层被极化,使得所述第一高电极化率层的所述表面上的所述薄层电荷为正。
17.根据权利要求15所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述第一高电极化率层被极化,使得所述第一高电极化率层的所述表面上的所述薄层电荷为负。
18.根据权利要求15所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述保护性封装包含多层封装剂。
19.根据权利要求18所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述多层封装剂包括所述第一高电极化率层、第二高电极化率层以及高电阻率层,所述高电阻率层介于所述第一高电极化率层与所述第二高电极化率层之间。
20.根据权利要求15所述的太阳能电池模块,其中所述太阳能电池包括全背接触式太阳能电池。
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CN105474407A (zh) | 2016-04-06 |
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MY176881A (en) | 2020-08-25 |
AU2014306944A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
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JP2016528737A (ja) | 2016-09-15 |
US9685571B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 |
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EP3033772B1 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
US20150047690A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
KR20160042975A (ko) | 2016-04-20 |
MX347941B (es) | 2017-05-19 |
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TW201515249A (zh) | 2015-04-16 |
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