CN105465179A - 用于小齿轮的轴承单元 - Google Patents

用于小齿轮的轴承单元 Download PDF

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CN105465179A
CN105465179A CN201510834721.7A CN201510834721A CN105465179A CN 105465179 A CN105465179 A CN 105465179A CN 201510834721 A CN201510834721 A CN 201510834721A CN 105465179 A CN105465179 A CN 105465179A
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bearing unit
ball
row
raceway
outer shroud
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L·修拉
C·马尔德拉
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SKF AB
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/18Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
    • F16C19/181Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
    • F16C19/183Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
    • F16C19/184Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/50Other types of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C19/505Other types of ball or roller bearings with the diameter of the rolling elements of one row differing from the diameter of those of another row
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/60Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F16C33/6659Details of supply of the liquid to the bearing, e.g. passages or nozzles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/04Preventing damage to bearings during storage or transport thereof or when otherwise out of use
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/70Diameters; Radii
    • F16C2240/80Pitch circle diameters [PCD]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2361/00Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
    • F16C2361/61Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于小齿轮的轴承单元(10),其中小齿轮(90)通过轴承单元由轴承单元本身可转动地支撑,并安装成从该轴承单元突出,轴承单元设置有具有两个滚道(22a,22b)的单个外环(20);由隔离圈(33)和两个半环(31)限定的内环(30),两个半环(31)设置在隔离圈(33)的两侧,并彼此轴向对准,并且每个半圈具有分别的滚道(32a,32b);滚珠(41)的两列(40)设置在滚道(22a,32a)、(22b,32b)的内侧,其中滚珠列(40)以及滚珠(41)本身的直径均彼此不同,这取决于列(40)到小齿轮(90)的头部(90a)的距离等。

Description

用于小齿轮的轴承单元
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于小齿轮的轴承单元,其中小齿轮通过轴承单元由轴承本身可转动地支撑,并安装成从轴承单元突出。
背景技术
从美国专利6,769,809中,已知一种用于小齿轮的轴承单元,该轴承单元包括:
-内部设有两个滚道的单个外环;
-包括两个半环的内环,两个半环轴向设置彼此对准,并且每个半环具有分别的滚道;
-设置在所述滚道内侧的两列滚珠,其在外环和内环之间的中间位置,以允许内环相对于外环转动;
其中,第一列滚珠相对于另一列滚珠的直径具有不同的直径,并且滚珠的两列具有不同尺寸的直径。
在上述单元中,两个半环的滚道相对于外环的相关滚道轴向对准,此外,滚珠的两列设置在轴向彼此接近的位置上,从而,一方面,使轴承单元结构紧凑,而且在由小齿轮施加到轴承单元上的力的轴向分量特别大的情况下,或者在小齿轮存在更大的轴向尺寸,如典型的应用于汽车领域的情况下,还避免了使用轴承单元。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于小齿轮的轴承单元,除了通用特性,其还存在对轴向负载的高抗性,并且制造简单经济。
根据本发明,实现了轴承单元,其存在限定于所附权利要求中的特征。
附图说明
本发明将通过参考所附附图来进行说明,附图以轴向横截面并且具有示意性示出的部分的方式示出了非限制性的实施例。
具体实施方式
参照所附附图图,附图标记10表示用于小齿轮的轴承单元的整体,其中小齿轮90通过轴承单元10本身由轴承单元10可转动地支撑,并安装成从该轴承单元10突出,换言之,小齿轮安装成其头部90a在轴承单元10的外侧。
轴承单元10具有旋转中心轴线A,并且包括:
-内部设置有两个滚道22a和22b的单个外环20;
-由小齿轮90轴向接合的内环30,并且其依次包括:两个半环31,其轴向设置成彼此对准,并且每个半环具有分别的滚道32a和32b;以及隔离圈33,其插入在两个半环31之间并与两个半环31本身轴向接触;以及
-设置在滚道22a、32a和22b、32b内侧的双列40滚珠41,其设置在外环20与内环30之间的中间位置,以允许内环30相对于外环20转动。
轴承单元10是倾斜滚珠轴承单元,其中两个半环31的滚道32a、32b相对于外环20的相应滚道22a、22b轴向地移动,并且由于该结构,这样的轴承单元适于支撑组合负载,或支撑同时在轴向和径向方向上作用,并沿着每列40的接触线L作用的负载。在径向平面上,接触线L连接列40的滚珠41与相应滚道22a、32a和22b、32b之间的接触点,并与垂直于轴线A的相应线定界相应的接触角α和β:设置在滚道22a、32a内侧的滚珠41列40(为方便起见,从现在开始将表示为40a和41a)呈现出的接触角α的幅度等于设置在滚道22a、32a内侧的滚珠41列40(为方便起见,下文将表示为40b、41b)的接触角β的幅度。
在所示实施例中,接触角α和β设置成具有相同的幅度:然而,根据轴承单元10的一个未示出,但从前述描述中易于推断的实施例,特别是为了有助于减少滚珠41与滚道22a、32a之间的摩擦,接触角α和β的幅度可以是彼此不同的。也就是说,优选地,接触角α的幅度可以大于接触角β的幅度。相对于所描述的情况,接触角α与β的幅度之间的区别允许减少摩擦而不改变所谓的压力中心之间的距离,换句话说,不改变接触线L与轴线A的交点之间的距离。
列40a(即,设置在更接近于小齿轮90的头部90a位置处的列40a)的滚珠41a相对于列40b(即,设置在更远离小齿轮90的头部90a位置处的列40b)的滚珠41b具有不同尺寸的直径,并且这种差异必须对应于滚珠41b的直径增加至少20%。
而且,相对于滚珠41b列41b的直径尺寸,滚珠41a列40a具有更大的直径尺寸,而该增加必须是列40b的直径尺寸的至少10%。
在上述接触角α的幅度大于接触角β的幅度的情况下,以具有相同幅度的接触角α和β的对称单元作为参考,从小齿轮90的头部90a侧的滚珠41a列40a的直径尺寸的增加能够减小该列40a的接触角的幅度,换句话说,允许接触角α的幅度相对于接触角β的幅度的增加,从而,允许滚珠41a滑动的百分比,因此,总体摩擦降低。
通过从小齿轮90的头部90a侧增加滚珠41a列40a的直径尺寸,并且通过相对于接触角β的幅度大小来增加接触角α的幅度大小导致的另一个优势在于,列40a的接触椭圆向轴承单元10的中心移动,这减小了可能发生在滚道端部附近的应力集中。
两个半环31之间的隔离圈33的存在允许在两列40之间将其隔开,其允许使用具有小齿轮90的轴承单元10,该小齿轮具有适于例如机动车类型的应用的轴向尺寸。然而,这样的应用使轴承单元10具有非常高值的轴向和径向负载,这就是为什么必须采取相应的对策使轴承单元10更有抵抗力。因此,相比于用于小齿轮的轴承单元的传统的解决方案,轴承单元具有不同尺寸的滚珠列的直径时,最接近小齿轮的滚珠列的直径大于离小齿轮的头部最远的滚珠列的直径,并且轴承单元具有不同尺寸的滚珠的直径时,最接近小齿轮的列的滚珠的直径大于离小齿轮的头部最远的列的滚珠的直径,这允许具有更接近的接触角,换句话说,从而,陡峭的接触线L导致更高的负载能力,即,对于沿轴线A的弯曲力矩导致更高的抗性,并且最重要的是,减少摩擦。
此外,在两个半环31之间的隔离圈33的存在允许实现通过外环20的在两列40之间的中间位置处的至少一个通孔25:该孔25的大小没有强制约束,由于列40之间的轴向空间是绰绰有余的,而且可以这样以允许轴承10本身的方便、有效的润滑。在所示实施例中,轴承单元10设置有单个孔25;然而,根据不同的技术要求,由于上述因素,轴承单元10还可以设置其它孔25,其沿外环20的外圆周等距离地隔开。
为了运送上述轴承单元10,圆筒状的管状体70安装在两个环31的内部,在例如从生产商到终端用户的轴承单元10的处理过程中,这具有将所述环31保持在其安装位置上的目的,并且在相同的轴承单元的装配过程中,管状体由小齿轮90通过环31来移除或替换。
除了如以上所公开的发明的实施例,应该理解的是存在大量的变形。还应该理解的是,示例性实施例仅是示例,并不意味着以任何方式限制范围、适用性,或结构。相反,上述概述和详细说明将使本领域技术人员方便实现至少一个示例性实施例,应该理解的是,可以对示例性实施例所述的元件的功能和设置做出各种变化,而不脱离所附权利要求和其合法等同物的范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于小齿轮的轴承单元(10),其中小齿轮(90)通过轴承单元本身由轴承单元可转动地支撑,并安装成从该轴承单元突出,所述轴承单元(10)包括:
-单个外环(20),其内部设置有两个滚道(22a,22b);
-内环(30),其包括设置成轴向对准的两个半环(31),每个半环设置有分别的滚道(32a,32b);
-滚珠(41)两列(40),其设置在所述滚道(22a,32a)、(22b,32b)内部,在所述外环(20)与所述内环(30)之间的中间位置,以允许所述内环(30)相对于所述外环(20)转动;
以组合的方式,所述轴承单元的特征在于:
-所述内环(30)包括插入在所述两个半环(31)之间的隔离圈(33);
-所述两个半环(31)的滚道(32a,32b)相对于所述外环(20)的相应滚道(22a,22b)轴向地移动;
-所述滚珠(41)两列(40)的滚珠第一列(40a)的滚珠(41)相对于所述滚珠(41)两列(40)的滚珠第二列(40b)的滚珠(41)的直径尺寸具有不同尺寸的直径;
-所述滚珠第一列(40a)相对于所述滚珠第二列(40b)的直径尺寸具有不同尺寸的直径;
-所述滚珠第一列(40a)呈现的接触角的幅度等于所述滚珠第二列(40b)的接触角的幅度。
2.根据权利要求1的轴承单元,其特征在于,所述轴承单元还包括通过外环(20)实现的至少一个通孔(25),用于润滑所述轴承单元(10)。
CN201510834721.7A 2014-09-29 2015-09-24 用于小齿轮的轴承单元 Pending CN105465179A (zh)

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US20090263064A1 (en) * 2008-04-22 2009-10-22 Schaeffler Kg Angular ball bearing assembly for supporting a gear shaft assembly
CN104747592A (zh) * 2013-12-25 2015-07-01 株式会社捷太格特 车轮用轴承装置
CN204493445U (zh) * 2015-03-25 2015-07-22 新昌县城南石氏机械配件厂 一种耐磨损轮毂轴承

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CN110300859A (zh) * 2017-02-17 2019-10-01 蒂森克虏伯罗特艾德有限公司 磁性轴承及用于操作磁性轴承的方法
CN110300859B (zh) * 2017-02-17 2021-09-07 蒂森克虏伯罗特艾德有限公司 磁性轴承及用于操作磁性轴承的方法
US11226002B2 (en) 2017-02-17 2022-01-18 Thyssenkrupp Rothe Erde Gmbh Magnetic bearing and method for operating a magnetic bearing

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