CN105463298B - A kind of method that low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is smelted in sensing of pressurizeing - Google Patents
A kind of method that low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is smelted in sensing of pressurizeing Download PDFInfo
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is smelted in sensing of pressurizeing, belong to field of metallurgy, include suitable for smelting 0.1~0.6% carbon, 0~0.5% manganese, 12~24% chromium, the silicon no more than 1%, 0~3% molybdenum, 0.1~0.6% nitrogen, 0~2% nickel, 0~1% vanadium, the aluminium no more than 0.02%, the sulphur no more than 0.002%, the high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel that surplus is iron and inevitable impurity, specifically include：Dispensing, cloth；Heated up after vacuumizing；High-purity argon gas, plus graphite deoxidation are filled after raw material is melting down；It is evacuated to 10Pa processing industry silicon deoxidations；Inflated with nitrogen alloying；Plus 5~10min of nickel magnesium alloy and rare-earth thermal insulating；Nitrogen charging casting etc..
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high nitrogen stainless steel technical field of smelting, and in particular to low-aluminium high nitrogen geneva is smelted in one kind pressurization sensing
The method of body stainless steel.
Background technology
High nitrogen martensitic stain less steel refers to martensitic stain less steel of the nitrogen content more than 0.08% in steel.It is stainless in martensite
The addition of nitrogen in steel expands austenite phase field temperature range, restrained effectively δ-ferrite and is formed；Ensureing gap solid solution
While reinforcing, carbide refinement can be made, and with the disperse educt of nitride etc., not only significantly improve martensitic stain less steel
Intensity, hardness, and still ensure that original toughness of martensitic stain less steel.In addition, the addition of nitrogen is conducive to improving nitrogenous horse
The decay resistance of family name's body steel.Due to the Good All-around Property with the above, high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel can be applied to the axis of rolling
Hold, the field such as cutter and engine.For example, high (the 0.3%C-15%Cr-1%Mo- of nitrogen martensite stainless bearing steel 1.4108
0.4%N), it can be applied to gear shaft of space shuttle fuel pump bearing, aeroplane engine main bearing and ball-screw etc.；It is another
It is Corrosion Resistant Stainless Steel for Plastic Mould M340 (0.54%C-17.3%Cr-1.1%Mo-0.2% to plant typical high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel
N), the market demand of high-end anti-corrosion mirror-surface plastic die is mainly met.
Under normal pressure, nitrogen solubility in body-centred cubic martensite steel is relatively low, therefore is difficult to obtain nitrogen content at ambient pressure
The higher and uniform martensitic stain less steel of composition, pressurization metallurgy is the excellent nitrogenous and high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of processability
Important channel.Due to the missing of China's pressurization metallurgical equipment, the kind for seriously constraining nitrogenous and high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is opened
Hair and application.The production of current high nitrogen stainless steel is mainly using pressurization electroslag remelting process, and existing process has the following disadvantages：Deposit
In nitrogen skewness, secondary remelting is needed sometimes；In addition also have addition silicon nitride but cause increase silicon, prepare combination electrode but
Cost substantially increases；Further, nitride is added into slag causes slag to seethe with excitement, and disturbs fusion process, may cause electrode tip
Metal film is exposed in high pressure nitrogen, it is impossible to control liquid metal to absorption of nitrogen etc..
In contrast to this, nitrogenous and high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is prepared using pressurized Induction Melting, can be by sensing stirring wound
Good Nitrogen Absorption Kinetics condition is made, accelerates diffusion of the nitrogen in molten steel, shortens nitrogen in molten steel and reaches balance at a particular pressure
Time.But because the solubility of martensite nitrogen in steel is very low, how two benches pressure of smelting and cast rationally is controlled, accurate control
The nitrogen content in high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is made, it is to avoid coagulation defect, the problem of be one in the urgent need to address.To as axle
Hold, the high nitrogen martensite steel of gear, mould, can make to produce substantial amounts of aluminium nitride in steel using aluminium deoxidation, intercrystalline precipitation is excessive
Aluminium nitride can cause the hot-short of steel and cause forging transversal crack, and easily turn into fatigue crack source, hence it is evident that reduce its fatigability
Energy.The oxygen content in high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel how is effectively reduced, the generation of harmful nitridation aluminum inclusion is reduced, is also pressurization
The problem of high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of induction melting must be solved.Further, since the addition of nitrogen makes high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel
Resistance of deformation increases, in order to improve the hot-working character of high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel, it is necessary to by sulfur content control in steel relatively low
Level.
The content of the invention
The method of low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is smelted in a kind of pressurization sensing that the present invention is provided, it is adaptable to smelt composition
For：C：0.1~0.6%, Mn：0~5%, Cr：12~24%, Si：≤ 1%, Mo：0~3%, N：0.1~0.6%, Ni：0~
2%, V：0~1%, Al≤0.02%, S≤0.002%, Fe：The target steel grade of surplus.
The present invention core concept be：After in pressurization induction furnace that metallurgical raw material is melting down, taken off first using vacuum carbon
Oxygen content in molten steel is reduced to certain level by oxygen technique；Silicon and the further deep deoxidation of nickel magnesium alloy are added, while nickel magnesium
The addition of alloy has certain desulfurized effect；A certain amount of rare earth is eventually adding, deep desulfurization is carried out, while also can be by oxygen content
It is reduced to relatively low level.The technique avoids the aluminium deoxidation from causing to generate a large amount of aluminum nitride inclusions things, while steel can be reduced effectively
In sulfur content.Smelted and pressure of casting, it is to avoid the nitrogen content in coagulation defect, precise control steel, obtained by Proper Match
Nitrogen content is 0.1~0.6%, aluminium content≤0.02%, composition be uniform, dense structure low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel.
The present invention is a kind of method that low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is smelted using pressurization sensing, and its specific steps is such as
Under.
(1) determine to smelt and casting pressure and dispensing according to formula：According to steel grade target component and smelting temperature, according to nitrogen
Solubility formula in steel 1., calculate smelt pressure p, and according to formula 2. calculate casting pressure p '；With reference to raw materials for metallurgy into
The quality of raw material needed for dividing and being smelted steel ingot Mass Calculation, prepares raw materials for metallurgy, and raw material includes：Ingot iron, crome metal
Or ferrochrome, metal molybdenum or molybdenum-iron, metallic nickel, manganese metal or electrolytic manganese, industrial silicon, vanadium metal or vanadium iron, graphite, nickel magnesium alloy,
Cerium or lanthanum etc.；In steel ingot, add 3~10% carbon again on the basis of target carbon content, on the basis of target Si content again
Add 1~5% silicon, for deoxidation；It is to be smelted the nickel for being 20% containing magnesium of ingot quality 0.04~0.2% to add quality
Magnesium alloy, recovery rate is 10~30%, carries out deep deoxidation, and reduce sulfur content；Quality is added to be smelted ingot quality
0.004~0.03% cerium or lanthanum, recovery rate is 20~40%, for deep desulfurization.
Steel grade target component is respectively by mass percentage：C：0.1~0.6%, Mn：0~5%, Cr：12~24%,
Si：≤ 1%, Mo：0~3%, N：0.1~0.6%, Ni：0~2%, V：0~1%, Al≤0.02%, S≤0.002%, Fe：
Surplus.
Smelt the computing formula of pressure p 1.：
In formula：P is smelts pressure, and unit is MPa；It is 0.101325MPa for standard atmospheric pressure；T is smelting temperature, single
Position is K.
Cast pressure p ' computing formula 2.：
In formula：P' is casting pressure, and unit is MPa.
(2) cloth：By according to being smelted the good ingot iron of steel ingot Mass Calculation, crome metal or ferrochrome, metal
Molybdenum or molybdenum-iron, metallic nickel are put into the crucible in pressurization induction furnace, will account for graphite, the industry of graphite gross mass 40%~80%
Silicon, manganese metal or electrolytic manganese, vanadium metal or vanadium iron, remaining 20%~60% graphite, nickel magnesium alloy, cerium or lanthanum etc. are successively
It is placed in feeding chamber.
(3) it is load melting：Start vavuum pump, pressurization sensing furnace pressure is evacuated to below 10Pa, vavuum pump is closed；It is powered
Heating, gradually increases the power of induction furnace, raw materials for metallurgy in crucible is melted.
(4) deoxidation：After treating that raw materials for metallurgy is melting down in crucible, be filled with into pressurization induction furnace high-purity argon gas to 10~
50kPa, the graphite for accounting for graphite gross mass 40%~80% is added into molten steel, is started vavuum pump, is proceeded by carbon deoxygenation,
Until vacuum is to below 10Pa and liquid level is steady, there is no bubble generation；If period reaction is excessively acutely, vacuum can be closed
Pump, appropriate reduction power are simultaneously filled with a small amount of high-purity argon gas, are further continued for vacuumizing after liquid level is steady.After vacuum carbon deoxidization terminates, plus
Enter industrial silicon, further deoxidation.
(5) alloying：High pure nitrogen to the pressure that purity >=99.999% is filled with into pressurization induction furnace is smelting pressure
P, then sequentially adds manganese metal or electrolytic manganese, vanadium metal or vanadium iron, remaining 20%~60% by feeding chamber into molten steel
Graphite carries out alloying, and nickel magnesium alloy and cerium are added afterwards or lanthanum carries out deep deoxidation and deep desulfurization, and 1540~1580
5~10min is incubated at a temperature of DEG C, alloying element is uniformly distributed in molten steel.
(6) pressurization casting：High pure nitrogen to the furnace pressure that purity >=99.999% is filled with into pressurization induction furnace is p',
Then cast at 1540~1580 DEG C；After casting terminates, kept for more than 20 minutes, gradually lower furnace pressure afterwards,
Take out steel ingot.
The method of low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is smelted in a kind of pressurization sensing that the present invention is provided, it is characterised in that：By
Hardness, the wearability of martensite steel, crystal grain thinning can be improved in vanadium, and the solubility of nitrogen can be significantly improved, the present invention is combined
Nitrogen solubility thermodynamic analysis and experimental study, the smelting calculation of pressure formula that proposition consideration vanadium is acted on nitrogen solubility is 1..
Under conditions of steel grade target component and smelting temperature are determined, acquisition can be calculated and smelt pressure p.
The method of low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is smelted in a kind of pressurization sensing that the present invention is provided, it is characterised in that：For
Avoid in high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel process of setting, due to by nitrogen solubility very low high temperature ferrite area, causing nitrogen in steel
Solubility declines, and causes to produce nitrogen pore, and the generation of the problem can be avoided by improving casting pressure.According to experimental study, sheet
Invention propose for nitrogen solubility it is lower high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel casting pressure p ' computing formula 2..
The method of low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is smelted in a kind of pressurization sensing that the present invention is provided, it is characterised in that：For
Avoid deoxidier aluminium from adding in steel, the harmful aluminum nitride inclusions thing of generation is combined with nitrogen, the present invention is taken off using vacuum carbon deoxidization, silicon
Oxygen and nickel magnesium alloy deoxidation are combined, and can obtain nitrogen content effectively by the Control for Oxygen Content in steel within 20 × 10-6
In the low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of 0.1~0.6%, aluminium content≤0.02%.
The method of low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is smelted in a kind of pressurization sensing that the present invention is provided, it is characterised in that：
Alloying latter stage, into molten steel add nickel magnesium alloy can by sulfur content reduction to a certain extent, and add a small amount of cerium or
Lanthanum, for deep desulfurization so that sulfur content≤0.002%, can improve the hot-working character of steel grade, be prevented from forging, rolling
Ftractureed etc. in hot procedure.
The method of low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is smelted in a kind of pressurization sensing that the present invention is provided, it is characterised in that：For
Prevent in molten steel that oxygen content is very high, pressure it is very low under conditions of, add carbon and occur uncontrollable reaction between carbon and oxygen, may lead
Molten steel vigorous splash is caused, before vacuum carbon deoxidization, 10~50kPa high-purity argon gas is filled with into stove, adds account for the total matter of graphite afterwards
The graphite of amount 40%~80%, restarts vavuum pump, reaction between carbon and oxygen is carried out under controlled condition.Be filled with high-purity argon gas be because
Argon gas is lower than the solubility of nitrogen in molten steel, and being filled with nitrogen can make molten steel dissolve part nitrogen, may be due in follow-up vacuumize
The spilling of nitrogen causes molten steel splash, and then produces dangerous.
The method of low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is smelted in a kind of pressurization sensing that the present invention is provided, using vacuum carbon deoxidization
With reference to the mode of silicon deoxidation, nickel magnesium alloy deoxidation and rare earth desulfurization, the oxygen and sulfur content in steel can be effectively reduced, while avoiding aluminium
Deoxidation causes to generate a large amount of aluminum nitride inclusions things；By reasonably smelting and pressure of casting, it is to avoid produce nitrogen precipitation, nitrogen pore etc.
Nitrogen content in coagulation defect, precise control steel, obtains uniform composition, dense structure, nitrogen content in 0.1~0.6%, aluminium content
≤ 0.02%, the low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of sulfur content≤0.002%.
Embodiment
Describe the embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment not office of the present invention in detail with reference to embodiment
It is limited to following embodiments.
In illustrated embodiment of the present invention, smelting equipment is 25kg pressurized Induction Melting stoves, and final vacuum is 0.1Pa, most
High pressure is 6MPa, and power is 50kW, and batch is 20.0~21.5kg.
The main component of raw materials for metallurgy used is shown in Table 1 in illustrated embodiment of the present invention.
The raw materials for metallurgy main component of table 1/wt.%
Embodiment one
Using pressurized Induction Melting 21.0kg target steel grade 30Cr15MoN0.4, its composition range is as shown in table 2.
The steel grade 30Cr15MoN0.4 composition ranges of table 2 and target component/wt.%
(1) determine to smelt and casting pressure and dispensing：According to about 1550 DEG C of steel grade target component and smelting temperature in table 2,
According to formula 1., 2. formula calculate and obtain：Smelting pressure p is 0.37MPa, pressure p of casting ' it is 1.0MPa.Raw materials for metallurgy and its
Quality is as follows：Ingot iron 17250g, crome metal 3240g, metal molybdenum 210g, manganese metal 90g, industrial silicon 101g, graphite 67g.
Wherein graphite and industrial silicon adds 6.8% and 3.1% on the basis of target component respectively, for deoxidation.In addition, addition 21.0g
Nickel magnesium alloy containing magnesium 20% carries out deep deoxidation, and adds the deep desulfurization of 10.5g ceriums progress.
(2) cloth：Ingot iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum are put into the crucible in pressurization induction furnace, the total matter of graphite will be accounted for
The graphite of amount 60%, industrial silicon, manganese metal, remaining 40% graphite, nickel magnesium alloy, cerium are sequentially placed into feeding chamber.
(3) it is load melting：Start vavuum pump, sensing furnace pressure is evacuated to 5.2Pa, vavuum pump is closed；Be powered heating, rises
Beginning power is 4kW, gradually increases to 35kW, raw materials for metallurgy in crucible is melted.
(4) deoxidation：After treating that raw materials for metallurgy is melting down in crucible, the height of purity >=99.999% is filled with into pressurization induction furnace
Pure argon adds the graphite for accounting for graphite gross mass 60% into molten steel to 30kPa, starts vavuum pump, proceeds by carbon deoxidation anti-
Should, until vacuum is to 8.5Pa and liquid level is steady, there is no bubble generation.Industrial silicon, further deoxidation are added afterwards.
(5) alloying：High pure nitrogen to the pressure that purity >=99.999% is filled with into induction furnace is 0.37MPa, then
Manganese metal, remaining 40% graphite are sequentially added into molten steel by feeding chamber and carries out alloying, add afterwards nickel magnesium alloy and
Cerium carries out deep deoxidation and deep desulfurization, and is incubated 8min at a temperature of 1545~1555 DEG C, alloy is uniformly divided in molten steel
Cloth.
(6) pressurization casting：Being filled with high pure nitrogen to the furnace pressure of purity >=99.999% into pressurization induction furnace is
1.0MPa, is then cast at 1550 DEG C；Casting is kept after 30min after terminating, and gradually lowers furnace pressure, takes out steel
Ingot.
The high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel 30Cr15MoN0.4 ingot castings of gained are smelted without nitrogen pore, dense structure, the composition such as institute of table 3
Show.
Table 3 smelts gained 30Cr15MoN0.4 compositions/wt.%
Embodiment two
Using pressurized Induction Melting 20.0kg target steel grade 50Cr18MoVN0.36, its composition range is as shown in table 4.
The steel grade 50Cr18MoVN0.36 composition ranges of table 4 and target component/wt.%
(1) determine to smelt and casting pressure and dispensing：According to about 1550 DEG C of steel grade target component and smelting temperature in table 4,
According to formula 1., 2. formula calculate and obtain：Smelting pressure p is 0.22MPa, pressure p of casting ' it is 1.0MPa.Raw materials for metallurgy and its
Quality is as follows：Ingot iron 15950g, crome metal 3529g, metal molybdenum 220g, manganese metal 64g, industrial silicon 97g, vanadium metal 40g,
Graphite 110g.Wherein graphite and industrial silicon adds 5.7% and 4.8% on the basis of target component respectively, for deoxidation.In addition,
Add nickel magnesium alloys of the 25.0g containing magnesium 20% and carry out deep deoxidation, addition 12.0g Rare Earth Lanthanums carry out deep desulfurization.
(2) cloth：Ingot iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum are put into the crucible in pressurization induction furnace, the total matter of graphite will be accounted for
The graphite of amount 55%, industrial silicon, manganese metal, vanadium metal, remaining 45% graphite, nickel magnesium alloy, Rare Earth Lanthanum are sequentially placed into charging
In storehouse.
(3) it is load melting：Start vavuum pump, sensing furnace pressure is evacuated to 6.5Pa, vavuum pump is closed；Be powered heating, rises
Beginning power is 4kW, gradually increases to 34kW, raw materials for metallurgy in crucible is melted.
(4) deoxidation：After treating that raw materials for metallurgy is melting down in crucible, the height of purity >=99.999% is filled with into pressurization induction furnace
Pure argon adds the graphite for accounting for graphite gross mass 55% into molten steel to 20kPa, starts vavuum pump, proceeds by carbon deoxidation anti-
Should, until vacuum is to 6.5Pa and liquid level is steady, there is no bubble generation.Industrial silicon, further deoxidation are added afterwards.
(5) alloying：High pure nitrogen to the pressure that purity >=99.999% is filled with into induction furnace is 0.22MPa, then
Manganese metal, vanadium metal, remaining 45% graphite are sequentially added into molten steel by feeding chamber and carry out alloying, nickel magnesium is added afterwards
Alloy and Rare Earth Lanthanum carry out deep deoxidation and deep desulfurization, and are incubated 10min at a temperature of 1548~1558 DEG C, make alloy in molten steel
It is uniformly distributed.
(6) pressurization casting：Being filled with high pure nitrogen to the furnace pressure of purity >=99.999% into pressurization induction furnace is
1.0MPa, is then cast at 1553 DEG C；Casting is kept after 35min after terminating, and gradually lowers furnace pressure, takes out steel
Ingot.
The high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel 50Cr18MoVN0.36 ingot castings of gained are smelted without nitrogen pore, dense structure, composition such as table 5
It is shown.
Table 5 smelts gained 50Cr18MoVN0.36 compositions/wt.%
Embodiment three
Using pressurized Induction Melting 20.5kg target steel grade 12Cr16MoNiVN0.5, its composition range is as shown in table 6.
The steel grade 12Cr16MoNiVN0.5 composition ranges of table 6 and target component/wt.%
(1) determine to smelt and casting pressure and dispensing：According to about 1550 DEG C of steel grade target component and smelting temperature in table 6,
According to formula 1., 2. formula calculate and obtain：Smelting pressure p is 0.46MPa, pressure p of casting ' it is 1.2MPa.Raw materials for metallurgy and its
Quality is as follows：Ingot iron 16470g, crome metal 3349g, metal molybdenum 205g, metallic nickel 205g, manganese metal 110g, industrial silicon
77g, vanadium metal 61.5g, graphite 26g.Wherein graphite and industrial silicon adds 7.0% and 3.0% on the basis of target component respectively,
For deoxidation.In addition, nickel magnesium alloys of the addition 20.5g containing magnesium 20% carries out deep deoxidation, addition 10.3g Rare Earth Lanthanums carry out desulfurization.
(2) cloth：Ingot iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum, metallic nickel are put into the crucible in pressurization induction furnace, will be accounted for
The graphite of graphite gross mass 70%, industrial silicon, manganese metal, vanadium metal, remaining 30% graphite, nickel magnesium alloy, Rare Earth Lanthanum are successively
It is placed in feeding chamber.
(3) it is load melting：Start vavuum pump, sensing furnace pressure is evacuated to 6.3Pa, vavuum pump is closed；Be powered heating, rises
Beginning power is 4kW, gradually increases to 36kW, raw materials for metallurgy in crucible is melted.
(4) deoxidation：After treating that raw materials for metallurgy is melting down in crucible, the height of purity >=99.999% is filled with into pressurization induction furnace
Pure argon adds the graphite for accounting for graphite gross mass 70% into molten steel to 25kPa, starts vavuum pump, proceeds by carbon deoxidation anti-
Should, until vacuum is to 5.5Pa and liquid level is steady, there is no bubble generation.Industrial silicon, further deoxidation are added afterwards.
(5) alloying：High pure nitrogen to the pressure that purity >=99.999% is filled with into induction furnace is 0.46MPa, then
Manganese metal, vanadium metal, remaining 30% graphite are sequentially added into molten steel by feeding chamber and carry out alloying, nickel magnesium is added afterwards
Alloy and Rare Earth Lanthanum carry out deep deoxidation and deep desulfurization, and are incubated 12min at a temperature of 1546~1554 DEG C, make alloy in molten steel
It is uniformly distributed.
(6) pressurization casting：Being filled with high pure nitrogen to the furnace pressure of purity >=99.999% into pressurization induction furnace is
1.2MPa, is then cast at 1548 DEG C；Casting is kept after 25min after terminating, and gradually lowers furnace pressure, takes out steel
Ingot.
The high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel 12Cr16MoNiVN0.5 ingot castings of gained are smelted without nitrogen pore, dense structure, composition such as table
Shown in 7.
Table 7 smelts gained 12Cr16MoNiVN0.5 compositions/wt.%
Meanwhile, it can obtain the uniform ingot casting of pore-free, composition by controlling cast and freezing pressure.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method that low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is smelted using pressurization sensing, it is characterised in that methods described includes
Following steps：
(1) according to steel grade target component and smelting temperature, according to solubility formula of the nitrogen in steel 1., calculate and smelt pressure p, and
According to formula 2. calculate casting pressure p '；With reference to raw materials for metallurgy composition and raw material needed for being smelted steel ingot Mass Calculation matter
Amount, prepares raw materials for metallurgy, and raw material includes：Ingot iron, crome metal or ferrochrome, metal molybdenum or molybdenum-iron, metallic nickel, manganese metal or electricity
Xie Meng, industrial silicon, vanadium metal or vanadium iron, graphite, nickel magnesium alloy, cerium or lanthanum etc.；In steel ingot, on the basis of target carbon content
Add again 3~10% carbon, add again on the basis of target Si content 1~5% silicon, for deoxidation；Smelting steel is wanted in addition
Ingot quality 0.04~0.2% is containing the nickel magnesium alloy that magnesium is 20%, and recovery rate is 10~30%, carries out deep deoxidation；Smelting is wanted in addition
The cerium of ingot quality 0.004~0.03% or lanthanum are refined, recovery rate is 20~40%, for deep desulfurization；
Smelt the computing formula of pressure p 1.：
In formula：P is smelts pressure, and unit is MPa；pΘIt is 0.101325MPa for standard atmospheric pressure；T is smelting temperature, unit
For K；
Cast pressure p ' computing formula 2.：
In formula：P' is casting pressure, and unit is MPa；
(2) by according to be smelted steel ingot Mass Calculation good ingot iron, crome metal or ferrochrome, metal molybdenum or molybdenum-iron,
Metallic nickel is put into the crucible in pressurization induction furnace, will account for the graphite of graphite gross mass 40%~80%, industrial silicon, manganese metal or
Electrolytic manganese, vanadium metal or vanadium iron, remaining 20%~60% graphite, nickel magnesium alloy, cerium or lanthanum etc. are sequentially placed into feeding chamber
In；
(3) start vavuum pump, pressurization sensing furnace pressure is evacuated to below 10Pa, vavuum pump is closed；Be powered heating, gradually increases
The power of induction furnace, melts to raw materials for metallurgy in crucible；
(4) after treating that raw materials for metallurgy is melting down in crucible, high-purity argon gas is filled with to 10~50kPa into pressurization induction furnace, to molten steel
It is middle to add the graphite for accounting for graphite gross mass 40%~80%, start vavuum pump, proceed by carbon deoxygenation, until vacuum is arrived
Below 10Pa and liquid level are steady, and there is no bubble generation；If period reaction is excessively acutely, closes vavuum pump, suitably reduce power
And a small amount of high-purity argon gas is filled with, it is further continued for vacuumizing after liquid level is steady；After vacuum carbon deoxidization terminates, industrial silicon is added, further
Deoxidation；
(5) high pure nitrogen to the pressure that purity >=99.999% is filled with into pressurization induction furnace is smelting pressure p, then by adding
Feed bin sequentially adds manganese metal into molten steel or electrolytic manganese, vanadium metal or vanadium iron, remaining 20%~60% graphite carry out alloy
Change, nickel magnesium alloy and cerium are added afterwards or lanthanum carries out deep deoxidation and deep desulfurization, and 5 are incubated at a temperature of 1540~1580 DEG C
~10min, makes alloying element be uniformly distributed in molten steel；
(6) it is p' the high pure nitrogen of purity >=99.999% to furnace pressure to be filled with into pressurization induction furnace, then 1540~
Cast at 1580 DEG C；After casting terminates, kept for more than 20 minutes, gradually lower furnace pressure afterwards, take out steel ingot.
2. the method according to claim 1 that low-aluminium high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is smelted using pressurization sensing, its feature is existed
In the steel grade target component includes by mass percentage：0.1~0.6% carbon, 0~0.5% manganese, 12~24%
Chromium, the silicon no more than 1%, 0~3% molybdenum, 0.1~0.6% nitrogen, 0~2% nickel, 0~1% vanadium, no more than 0.02%
Aluminium, the sulphur no more than 0.002%, surplus be iron and inevitable impurity.
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