CN106011371B - A kind of method of pressurize sensing and pressurization electroslag remelting duplex smelting high-nitrogen steel - Google Patents
A kind of method of pressurize sensing and pressurization electroslag remelting duplex smelting high-nitrogen steel Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5241—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an inductively heated furnace
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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Abstract
The invention belongs to high nitrogen steel technical field of smelting, and in particular to a kind of method of pressurize sensing and pressurization electroslag remelting duplex smelting high-nitrogen steel, suitable for smelting C：≤ 0.6%, Mn：≤ 30%, Cr：12~30%, Si：≤ 1%, Mo：0~4.5%, N：0.1~2%, Ni：0~4.5%, V：0~1%, S：≤ 0.015%, P：≤ 0.05%, Fe：The high nitrogen steel of surplus.According to steel grades during smelting, the electrode base metal of requirement of nitrogen is met by the smelting of pressurization induction furnace；Starting the arc slag making is carried out using the method for the solid-state starting the arc under a nitrogen atmosphere；Working chamber and cooling water pressure are promoted later, are smelted under 35V~40V, 2000A~3000A；This method provides technical guarantee for the high nitrogen stainless steel that exploitation sulfur content is low, non-metallic inclusion is few, even tissue is fine and close, nitrogen is evenly distributed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high nitrogen steel field of smelting, and in particular to a kind of pressurization sensing and pressurization electroslag remelting duplex smelt height
The method of nitrogen steel.
Background technology
With the development of steel industry and the progress of technology, high nitrogen stainless steel is due to its high intensity, high tenacity, good resistance to
The advantages that corrosive nature, it has also become the important development direction in stainless steel field.As alloying element important in steel, nitrogen is ensureing
While the solution strengthening of gap, and the performances such as the resistance to spot corrosion of stainless steel, anticorrosion stress-resistant can be effectively improved.Therefore high nitrogen is stainless
Steel has the performance more excellent than traditional stainless steel and is more widely applied prospect.
The key technology of high nitrogen steel production is the addition and holding of nitrogen.But since solubility of the nitrogen in steel is relatively low, and
And need, by the very low delta ferrite phase of nitrogen solubility, to easily lead to the segregation of nitrogen and the effusion of nitrogen in process of setting, it is serious to make
The about variety development of high nitrogen stainless steel and application.Pressurization metallurgy is the important channel of the excellent high nitrogen stainless steel of processability.Mesh
Before, it is pressurized Induction Melting and pressurization electroslag remelting to prepare the common method of high nitrogen steel.
Using pressurized Induction Melting high nitrogen stainless steel nitrogen alloying easy to implement, by determining that rational smelting and casting are pressed
Power, can realize the accurate control of nitrogen content, and can avoid the precipitation of nitrogen and the formation of stomata in process of setting.But due to adding
Pressure sensitivity answers the deoxidier and desulfurizing agent added on molten steel without slag, oxygen and sulfur content to reduce molten steel in smelting process, though
Right portion of product adheres to sidewall of crucible, but cannot thoroughly remove after floating, and can remain in and field trash is formed in steel.And the electroslag that pressurizes
In reflow process, during molten melt drop passes through slag bath, the impurity element sulphur in steel and nonmetallic folder can be effectively reduced
The content of sundries, the ESR ingot even tissue of production is fine and close, and can improve microscopic segregation.But pressurization electroslag remelting is used and is added
The nitrogen pick-up process for adding nitro-alloy is unstable, and nitrogen is unevenly distributed in ESR ingot, needs secondary remelting sometimes, and using addition nitridation
ESR ingot is easily made to increase silicon during silicon nitrogen pick-up.Therefore, pressurized Induction Melting and pressurization electroslag remelting are respectively provided with its respective advantage and not
Foot.
Invention content
In view of pressurized Induction Melting and pressurization electroslag remelting, there are respective advantage and deficiency, the present invention utilizes pressurization sense
Melting is answered to realize nitrogen alloying, nitrogen is uniformly distributed and can accurately control the nitrogen content of ingot casting, in subsequently pressurization electroslag remelting mistake
Field trash and sulfur content are effectively reduced in journey, improves the uniformity and compactness for being segregated and improving steel ingot.Therefore, the present invention discloses
A kind of method of pressurize sensing and pressurization electroslag remelting duplex smelting high-nitrogen steel is suitable for smelting target steel grades：C：
≤ 0.6%, Mn：≤ 30%, Cr：12~30%, Si：≤ 1%, Mo：0~4.5%, N：0.1~2%, Ni：0~4.5%, V：0
~1%, S：≤ 0.015%, P：≤ 0.05%, Fe：Surplus.
The core concept of the present invention is：The consutrode base material of target nitrogen content is smelted first with pressurization induction furnace,
And it is forged into the consutrode of suitable pressurization electroslag furnace electroslag remelting size.Then in the esr process that pressurizes, steel is removed
In impurity element sulphur and field trash.Meanwhile curing condition is substantially improved, the loose of steel ingot, component segregation etc. can be improved
Problem.The present invention explores a kind of reasonable, efficient preparation height by pressurized Induction Melting and electroslag remelting duplex technique of pressurizeing
The smelting process of nitrogen stainless steel, for the height that exploitation sulfur content is low, non-metallic inclusion is few, even tissue is fine and close, nitrogen is evenly distributed
Nitrogen stainless steel provides technical guarantee.
The present invention is a kind of method of pressurize sensing and pressurization electroslag remelting duplex smelting high-nitrogen steel, and it is molten to be divided into pressurization sensing
Refining and pressurization two stages of electroslag remelting.
Pressurized Induction Melting is as follows.
(1) dispensing is determined with pressure parameter：According to the elemental composition of target steel grade, pressurization is 1. calculated by following formula
The smelting pressure p of induction melting process1, 2. and 3. high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel or high nitrogen martensite are calculated not by formula respectively
The casting pressure p of rust steel2；For the higher high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel of nitrogen content, 4. nitrogen in raw materials for metallurgy is determined by formula
The amount of being actually added into；With reference to raw materials for metallurgy ingredient and the ingot quality smelted, the quality of raw material needed for calculating is prepared and smelts original
Material, raw material include ingot iron, crome metal or ferrochrome, metal molybdenum or molybdenum-iron, metallic nickel, manganese metal or electrolytic manganese, industrial silicon, nitrogen
Change chromium, vanadium metal or vanadium iron, graphite, nickel magnesium alloy etc.；It is more again on the basis of target carbon content for high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel
Add 3~10% carbon, the silicon for adding 1~5% again on the basis of target Si content is used for deoxidation；It is stainless for high-nitrogen austenitic
Steel adds the calcium-silicon of 0.8kg/t~1.6kg/t electrolytic aluminiums and 0.8kg/t~1.2kg/t calcics 20~28%, for taking off
Oxygen and inclusion modification processing；In addition, add in the ingot quality smelted 0.04~0.2%, containing the nickel magnesium that magnesium is 18~25%
Alloy, recovery rate are 10~30%, carry out deep deoxidation.
The elemental composition of target steel grade said before is by weight percentage：C：≤ 0.6%, Mn：≤ 30%, Cr：12
~30%, Si：≤ 1%, Mo：0~4.5%, N：0.1~2%, Ni：0~4.5%, V：0~1%, S：≤ 0.015%, P：≤
0.05%, Fe：Surplus.
Smelt pressure p1Calculation formula 1.：
In formula：p1To smelt pressure, unit MPa；pΘIt is 0.101325MPa for standard atmospheric pressure；T is smelting temperature,
Unit is K.
For high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, pressure p of casting2Calculation formula 2.：
p2=[(0.25~0.40) p1/pΘ+ (0.15~0.65)].
For high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel, pressure p of casting2Calculation formula 3.：
p2=[p1(0.2~0.8)].
Formula 2. with formula 3. in：p2For pressure of casting, unit MPa.
For high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, nitrogen is actually added into weight percent (wt%) in raw materials for metallurgy1Calculating it is public
Formula is 4.：
(wt%)1=[- 0.02p1/pΘ+ (0.66~0.76)] × (wt%)N。
Formula 4. in, (wt%)1Represent that nitrogen is actually added into weight percent in raw materials for metallurgy, (wt%)NRepresent that high nitrogen is stainless
The weight percent of nitrogen in the target component of steel.
(2) it feeds：Ingot iron, crome metal or ferrochrome, metal molybdenum or molybdenum-iron, metallic nickel are put into pressurization induction furnace
In crucible, by graphite, industrial silicon, manganese metal or electrolytic manganese, chromium nitride, vanadium metal or vanadium iron, electrolytic aluminium, calcium-silicon, nickel magnesium
Alloy etc. is placed in feeding chamber.
(3) it is load melting：Will pressurization induction furnace in be evacuated to 10Pa hereinafter, and be powered be warming up to pressurization induction furnace in earthenware
Furnace charge in crucible all melts.
(4) alloying：For the higher high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of carbon content, raw materials for metallurgy in crucible induction furnace to be pressurised
After melting down, the high-purity argon gas of purity >=99.999% is passed through into stove to 10kPa~50kPa, backward molten steel in add in and account for
The graphite of gross mass 40~80% starts vacuum pump, proceeds by carbon deoxygenation, up to vacuum degree to below 10Pa and liquid level
Steadily, there is no bubble generation, if during which reacting excessively violent, vacuum pump, appropriate reduction power can be closed and be filled with a small amount of height
Pure argon is further continued for vacuumizing after liquid level is steady.After vacuum carbon deoxidization, industrial silicon, further deoxidation are added in.It is backward plus
High pure nitrogen to the pressure that purity >=99.999% is filled in pressure induction furnace is smelting pressure p1, then by feeding chamber into stove
Manganese metal or electrolytic manganese, vanadium metal or vanadium iron, remaining graphite are sequentially added in crucible and carries out alloying, nickel magnesium is added in later and closes
Gold carries out deep deoxidation.For the relatively low high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel of carbon content, raw materials for metallurgy is melting down in crucible induction furnace to be pressurised
Later, the high pure nitrogen of purity >=99.999% is passed through into stove to smelting pressure p1, then by feeding chamber into stove crucible
In sequentially add industrial silicon, manganese metal or electrolytic manganese, chromium nitride, graphite carry out alloying, while add electrolytic aluminium and silico-calcium and close
Gold carries out deoxidation and inclusion modification processing, and adds in nickel magnesium alloy and carry out deep deoxidation.After alloying terminates 1540~
5~10min is kept the temperature at a temperature of 1580 DEG C, alloying element is made to be uniformly distributed in molten steel.
(5) it casts：The high pure nitrogen that purity >=99.999% is filled with into pressurization induction furnace is pressed to furnace pressure for casting
Power p2, then cast at 1540~1580 DEG C；After casting, pressure release is cooled down, bell is opened and takes out ingot mould, deviate from steel
Ingot.
Pressurization electroslag remelting is as follows.
(1) preparation of consutrode：The steel ingot that the induction furnace that pressurizes is smelted is forged into suitable pressurization electroslag furnace electroslag remelting
The consutrode of size, is welded on dummy electrode, and is connect with electrode jaw.
(2) preparation and baking of pre-melted slag：The pre-melted slag of special component is selected, and pre-melted slag is put into resistance furnace,
It is toasted 5 hours~7 hours at 600 DEG C~800 DEG C, to remove the moisture in slagging-off.
(3) laying of striking agent：Pressurization electricity arc ring, 0.30kg ± 0.05kg strikings bits being placed below consutrode
On the water tank of slag hearth bottom, consutrode, striking bits and bottom water tank three are in close contact, ensure there is electric current to pass through after being powered.
(4) starting the arc slag making：The slag being baked disposably is added in pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer, closed working chamber.It opens and supplies
Water system is passed through normal pressure cooling water into crystallizer, at the same into working chamber with 10L/min~15L/min speed be passed through purity >=
99.999% nitrogen 5min~10min, make melting room air discharge, be closed AC power, using solid-state starting the arc method into
Row starting the arc slag making, slugging 20min~25min under conditions of voltage is 25V~33V, electric current is 500A~2000A, and ensure
The stabilization of electric current, voltage prevents unexpected arc extinguishing, completes slag making.
(5) pressurize electroslag smelting：After slag making, the nitrogen supercharging of purity >=99.999% is filled with into working chamber extremely
p2, cooling water pressure in Synchronous lifting pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer to p2, and voltage is adjusted to 38V~40V, electric current to 2000A
~3000A, that is, start the electroslag smelting that pressurizes, and melting speed control equation is pressurization electroslag weight for v=(0.7~0.8) × D kg/h, D
Smelting furnace crystallizer size, unit mm are continuous according to the ratio of 0.4kg/ tons of steel~0.7kg/ tons of steel by step-by-step movement charger
Add in aluminum shot or calcium-silicon deoxidation；Current fluctuation ＜ ± 3%, voltage fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5%, molten fast wave are controlled in smelting process
Dynamic ＜ ± 0.5kg/h.
(6) later stage feeding is smelted：Consutrode is smelted when ending, and by the way of electric current is continuously decreased carrying out feeding fills out
It fills, reduces current control every time in 500A~1000A, it is ensured that feeding filling is abundant, ensures that feeding end face is smooth.
(7) it taps：After feeding, electrode is lifted, smelting terminates.After closing AC power 5min, pressurization electroslag is opened
Stove vent valve pressure release, the synchronous cooling water pressure reduced in pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer to normal pressure after treating steel ingot cooling, take off
Go out ESR ingot.
A kind of pressurization sensing of the present invention and the method for pressurization electroslag remelting duplex smelting high-nitrogen steel, it is characterised in that：It adopts
With pressurized Induction Melting and pressurization electroslag remelting duplex technique, nitrogen alloying is carried out in pressurization senses smelting process, it can be accurate
The nitrogen content of ingot casting is controlled, and nitrogen can be uniformly distributed, the nitrogen alloying process in the esr process that pressurizes that avoids is drawn
The slag risen boils, nitrogen is unevenly distributed, increases the problems such as silicon, does not need to secondary remelting.Secondly, in pressurization electroslag remelting mistake
Cheng Zhong, electrode tip are melted and are dripped across slag bath, and slag comes into full contact with, and nonmetallic inclusionsin steel and impurity element sulphur are by slag
Pond absorbs, and improves the purity of molten steel, reduces control requirement of the pressurized Induction Melting process to field trash and sulfur content.Together
When, pressurize esr process in required pressure can be greatly reduced, be conducive to extend pressurization electroslag furnace service life.Molten metal
It is covered by slag bath, avoids and reoxidize.In addition, being solidified in the crystallizer to pressurize due to molten steel in nitrogen, steel ingot can be improved
The problems such as loose, component segregation, and the directional crystallization of steel ingot from bottom to top improves the uniformity and compactness of steel ingot.
A kind of pressurization sensing of the present invention and the method for pressurization electroslag remelting duplex smelting high-nitrogen steel, it is characterised in that：By
Sulphur removal and field trash can be efficiently gone in pressurization electroslag remelting, need not add in rare earth in pressurization sensing smelting process carries out deep take off
Sulphur in order to avoid the desulfurization product that can not remove completely of remaining in steel, reduces desulfurization and field trash in pressurization sensing smelting process
Control requirement.
A kind of pressurization sensing of the present invention and the method for pressurization electroslag remelting duplex smelting high-nitrogen steel, it is characterised in that：
It pressurizes in esr process, the chemical composition of the pre-melted slag of selected special component is by mass percentage：CaF2：
70%, Al2O3：30%.
A kind of pressurization sensing of the present invention and the method for pressurization electroslag remelting duplex smelting high-nitrogen steel, it is characterised in that：
It pressurizes in esr process, nitrogen is filled with into crystallizer, make to solidify in the crystallizer that molten steel pressurizes in nitrogen, prevent nitrogen
Effusion.The casting pressure p for sensing process of pressurizeing2Formula 2. and be 3. equally applicable to pressurization esr process nitrogen pressure
Control.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the embodiment specific embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail, but the specific embodiment of the present invention not office
It is limited to following embodiments.
In illustrated embodiment of the present invention, smelting equipment is 25kg pressurization induction furnaces and 50kg pressurization electroslag refining furnaces.Its
Middle pressurization induction furnace final vacuum is 0.1Pa, and maximum pressure 6MPa, source nominal power is 50kW, and batch is
20.0kg~21.5kg；The electroslag refining furnace maximum pressure that pressurizes is 7MPa, and source nominal power is 500kW, and crystallizer internal diameter D is
130mm, consutrode weight are 15kg~50kg.
The main component of raw materials for metallurgy used is shown in Table 1 in illustrated embodiment of the present invention.
1 raw materials for metallurgy main component of table/wt%
Embodiment one
The high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of 21.0kg target steel grades is smelted using pressurization sensing and pressurization electroslag remelting duplex technique
30Cr15MoN0.4, Composition Control range and smelting control targe are shown in Table 2.
2 30Cr15MoN0.4 Composition Controls range of table and control targe/wt.%
It is as follows.
The pressurized Induction Melting stage：
(1) dispensing is determined with pressure parameter：According to about 1550 DEG C of steel grade target component in table 2 and smelting temperature, according to public
Formula is 1., 3. formula is calculated：Smelt pressure p1For 0.41MPa, pressure p of casting2For 0.90MPa.Raw materials for metallurgy and its quality are such as
Under：Ingot iron 17241.9g, crome metal 3176.36g, metal molybdenum 210.04g, manganese metal 112.91g, industrial silicon 70.51g,
Graphite 66.06g.Wherein graphite and industrial silicon adds 5.4% and 2.5% on the basis of target component respectively, for deoxidation.This
Outside, nickel magnesium alloys of the addition 10.5g containing magnesium 20% carries out deep deoxidation.
(2) it feeds：Ingot iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum are put into the crucible in pressurization induction furnace, gross mass will be accounted for
60% graphite, industrial silicon, manganese metal, remaining 40% graphite, nickel magnesium alloy are sequentially placed into feeding chamber.
(3) it is load melting：4.8Pa will be evacuated in pressurization induction furnace, closes vacuum pump later, be powered heating, starting
Power is 4kW, gradually increases to 35kW, until the furnace charge in crucible all melts.
(4) alloying：After raw materials for metallurgy is melting down in crucible induction furnace to be pressurised, purity >=99.999% is passed through into stove
High-purity argon gas to 25kPa after, added in into molten steel and account for the graphite of gross mass 60%.Start vacuum pump, proceed by carbon deoxidation
Reaction, up to vacuum degree to 8.5Pa and liquid level is steady, and there is no bubble generations.Add in industrial silicon, further deoxidation.It is backward
It is 0.41MPa that the high pure nitrogen of purity >=99.999% to pressure is filled in pressurization induction furnace, then by feeding chamber into stove earthenware
Manganese metal, remaining 40% graphite progress alloying are sequentially added in crucible, later addition nickel magnesium alloy progress deep deoxidation, and
8min is kept the temperature at a temperature of 1550 DEG C, alloying element is made to be uniformly distributed in molten steel.
(5) it casts：Being filled with high pure nitrogen to the furnace pressure of purity >=99.999% into pressurization induction furnace is
Then 0.90MPa casts at 1550 DEG C；After casting, pressure release is cooled down, bell is opened and takes out ingot mould, deviate from steel ingot.
The high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel 30Cr15MoN0.4 ingot castings of gained are smelted without nitrogen pore, dense structure, ingredient such as 3 institute of table
Show.
Gained 30Cr15MoN0.4 ingredients/wt% is smelted in the pressurization sensing of table 3
It pressurizes the electroslag remelting stage：
(1) preparation of consutrode：The 30Cr15MoN0.4 steel ingots that the induction furnace that pressurizes is smelted is small in 1150 DEG C of heating 2
When, start to forge, using smaller drafts, final forging temperature is not less than 1050 DEG C, be forged into Φ=80mm from power consumption
Pole is welded on dummy electrode, and is connect with electrode jaw.
(2) preparation and baking of slag charge：3.5kg pre-melted slags are put into resistance furnace, are toasted 7 hours at 700 DEG C, to go
Moisture in slagging-off.Pre-melted slag composition weight percent be：CaF2:70%, Al2O3:30%.
(3) laying of striking agent：Pressurization electroslag furnace bottom water arc ring, 0.31kg strikings bits being placed below consutrode
On case, consutrode, striking bits and bottom water tank three are in close contact, ensure there is electric current to pass through after being powered.
(4) starting the arc slag making：Baked pre-melted slag is uniformly poured into the crystallizer that internal diameter is D=130mm, closed pressurization
Electroslag furnace melting room.It opens water system and normal pressure water supply is carried out to pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer, while into working chamber with 13L/
Min speed is passed through the high pure nitrogen 6min of purity >=99.999%, discharges melting room air, is closed AC power, uses
Solid-state starting the arc method carry out starting the arc slag making, the slugging 23min under conditions of voltage is 28V, electric current is 1600A, and ensure electric current,
The stabilization of voltage prevents unexpected arc extinguishing, completes slag making.
(5) pressurize electroslag smelting：After slag making, the high pure nitrogen supercharging of purity >=99.999% is filled with into working chamber
To 0.90MPa, Synchronous lifting pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer cooling water pressure adjusts voltage to 36V, electric current extremely to 0.90MPa
2400A starts the electroslag smelting that pressurizes, melting speed control 100kg/h, control current fluctuation ＜ ± 3%, voltage in smelting process
Fluctuate ＜ ± 0.5%, molten speed fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5kg/h.The calcium-silicon of gross weight 120g is added in using step-by-step movement charger simultaneously
Carry out deoxidation.
(6) later stage feeding is smelted：Consutrode is smelted when ending, and by the way of electric current is continuously decreased carrying out feeding fills out
It fills, reduces current control every time in 800A, it is ensured that feeding filling is abundant, ensures that feeding end face is smooth.
(7) it taps：After feeding, electrode is lifted, smelting terminates.After closing AC power 5min, pressurization electroslag is opened
Stove vent valve pressure release, the synchronous cooling water pressure reduced in pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer to normal pressure after treating steel ingot cooling, take off
Go out ESR ingot, ingredient such as table 4.
30Cr15MoN0.4 ingredients/wt.% obtained by the pressurization electroslag remelting of table 4
It can be seen that, significantly reduced after this obtained pressurized electroslag remelting of ESR ingot sulfur content from upper table, remaining
Component content is basically unchanged.
Embodiment two
20.0kg target steel grade 50Cr17MoVN0.2 are smelted using pressurization sensing and pressurization electroslag remelting duplex technique,
Composition Control range and smelting control targe are shown in Table 5.
5 50Cr17MoVN0.2 Composition Controls range of table and control targe/wt%
It is as follows.
The pressurized Induction Melting stage：
(1) dispensing is determined with pressure parameter：According to about 1550 DEG C of steel grade target component in table 5 and smelting temperature, according to public
Formula is 1., 3. formula is calculated：Smelt pressure p1For 0.09MPa, pressure p of casting2For 0.6MPa.Raw materials for metallurgy and its quality are such as
Under：Ingot iron 16048.5g, crome metal 3428.46g, metal molybdenum 200.04g, manganese metal 96.78g, vanadium metal 20.01g, work
Industry silicon 74.52g, graphite 109.71g.Wherein graphite and industrial silicon adds 5.8% and 2.7% on the basis of target component respectively,
For deoxidation.In addition, nickel magnesium alloys of the addition 20.0g containing magnesium 20% carries out deep deoxidation.
(2) it feeds：Ingot iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum are put into the crucible in pressurization induction furnace, gross mass will be accounted for
65% graphite, industrial silicon, manganese metal, vanadium metal, remaining 35% graphite, nickel magnesium alloy are sequentially placed into feeding chamber.
(3) it is load melting：5.3Pa will be evacuated in pressurization induction furnace, closes vacuum pump later, be powered heating, starting
Power is 4kW, gradually increases to 34kW, until the furnace charge in crucible all melts.
(4) alloying：After raw materials for metallurgy is melting down in crucible induction furnace to be pressurised, purity >=99.999% is passed through into stove
High-purity argon gas to 30kPa after, added in into molten steel and account for the graphite of gross mass 65%.Start vacuum pump, proceed by carbon deoxidation
Reaction, up to vacuum degree to 8.0Pa and liquid level is steady, and there is no bubble generations.Add in industrial silicon, further deoxidation.It is backward
It is 0.09MPa that the high pure nitrogen of purity >=99.999% to pressure is filled in pressurization induction furnace, then by feeding chamber into stove earthenware
Manganese metal, vanadium metal, remaining 35% graphite are sequentially added in crucible and carries out alloying, nickel magnesium alloy is added in later and carries out deep take off
Oxygen, and 6min is kept the temperature at a temperature of 1550 DEG C, alloying element is made to be uniformly distributed in molten steel.
(5) it casts：High pure nitrogen to the furnace pressure that purity >=99.999% is filled with into pressurization induction furnace is 0.6MPa,
Then it casts at 1550 DEG C；After casting, pressure release is cooled down, bell is opened and takes out ingot mould, deviate from steel ingot.
The high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel 50Cr17MoVN0.2 ingot castings of gained are smelted without nitrogen pore, dense structure, ingredient such as table 6
It is shown.
Gained 50Cr17MoVN0.2 ingredients/wt% is smelted in the pressurization sensing of table 6
It pressurizes the electroslag remelting stage：
(1) preparation of consutrode：The 50Cr17MoVN0.2 steel ingots that the induction furnace that pressurizes is smelted is small in 1160 DEG C of heating 2
When, start to forge, using smaller drafts, final forging temperature is not less than 1080 DEG C, be forged into Φ=85mm from power consumption
Pole is welded on dummy electrode, and is connect with electrode jaw.
(2) preparation and baking of slag charge：3.4kg pre-melted slags are put into resistance furnace, are toasted 7 hours at 700 DEG C, to go
Moisture in slagging-off.Pre-melted slag composition weight percent be：CaF2:70%, Al2O3:30%.
(3) laying of striking agent：Pressurization electroslag furnace bottom water arc ring, 0.30kg strikings bits being placed below consutrode
On case, consutrode, striking bits and bottom water tank three are in close contact, ensure there is electric current to pass through after being powered.
(4) starting the arc slag making：Baked pre-melted slag is uniformly poured into the pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer that internal diameter D is 130mm,
Closed pressurization electroslag furnace working chamber.It opens water system and normal pressure water supply is carried out to pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer, while to working chamber
In the high pure nitrogen 6min of purity >=99.999% is passed through with 12L/min speed, discharge melting room air, be closed alternating current
Source, using the progress starting the arc slag making of solid-state starting the arc method, the slugging 20min under conditions of voltage is 30V, electric current is 1700A, and really
The stabilization of electric current, voltage is protected, prevents unexpected arc extinguishing, completes slag making.
(5) pressurize electroslag smelting：After slag making, the high pure nitrogen supercharging of purity >=99.999% is filled with into working chamber
To 0.6MPa, while cooling water pressure is accordingly promoted to 0.6MPa, and adjust voltage to 35V, electric current to 2350A, that is, start to add
Piezoelectricity slag melting, melting speed control 96kg/h, control current fluctuation ＜ ± 3% in smelting process, voltage fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5%,
Molten speed fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5kg/h.The calcium-silicon for adding in gross weight 120g using step-by-step movement charger simultaneously carries out deoxidation.
(6) later stage feeding is smelted：Consutrode is smelted when ending, and by the way of electric current is continuously decreased carrying out feeding fills out
It fills, reduces current control every time in 700A, it is ensured that feeding filling is abundant, ensures that feeding end face is smooth.
(7) it taps：After feeding, electrode is lifted, smelting terminates.After closing AC power 5min, pressurization electroslag is opened
Stove vent valve pressure release, the synchronous cooling water pressure reduced in pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer to normal pressure after treating steel ingot cooling, take off
Go out ESR ingot, ingredient such as table 7.
50Cr17MoVN0.2 ingredients/wt% obtained by the pressurization electroslag remelting of table 7
It can be seen that, significantly reduced after this obtained pressurized electroslag remelting of ESR ingot sulfur content from upper table, remaining
Component content is basically unchanged.
Embodiment three
20.5kg target steel grade 18Cr14Mn3Mo0.9N are smelted using pressurization sensing and pressurization electroslag remelting duplex technique,
Its Composition Control range and smelting control targe are shown in Table 8.
8 18Cr14Mn3Mo0.9N Composition Controls range of table and control targe/wt%
It is as follows.
The pressurized Induction Melting stage：
(1) dispensing is determined with pressure parameter：According to about 1550 DEG C of steel grade target component in table 2 and smelting temperature, according to public
Formula is 1., 2. formula is calculated：Smelt pressure p1For 0.25MPa, pressure p of casting2For 1.0MPa.Nitrogen content in raw materials for metallurgy
It is actually added into weight percentage (wt)1It is 0.58%, raw materials for metallurgy and its quality are as follows：Ingot iron 13684.8g, metal
Chromium 2746.09g, metal molybdenum 758.65g, manganese metal 3196g, chromium nitride 1116g, industrial silicon 94.53g, graphite 18.94g.This
Outside, the calcium-silicon of 1.5kg/t electrolytic aluminiums and 1.0kg/t calcics 24% is added, is handled for deoxidation and inclusion modification.This
Outside, it adds in nickel magnesium alloys of the 20.1g containing magnesium 20% and carries out deep deoxidation.
(2) it feeds：Ingot iron, crome metal, metal molybdenum are put into the crucible in pressurization induction furnace, by industrial silicon, gold
Belong to manganese, chromium nitride, graphite, electrolytic aluminium, calcium-silicon, nickel magnesium alloy to be sequentially placed into feeding chamber.
(3) it is load melting：6.0Pa will be evacuated in pressurization induction furnace, closes vacuum pump later, be powered heating, starting
Power is 4kW, gradually increases to 36kW, until the furnace charge in crucible all melts.
(4) alloying：After raw materials for metallurgy is melting down in crucible induction furnace to be pressurised, purity >=99.999% is passed through into stove
High pure nitrogen to pressure be 0.25MPa, then industrial silicon, manganese metal, nitrogen are sequentially added into stove by feeding chamber in crucible
Change chromium, graphite progress alloying, while add electrolytic aluminium and calcium-silicon progress deoxidation and inclusion modification processing, add nickel
Magnesium alloy carries out deep deoxidation, and keeps the temperature 8min at a temperature of 1550 DEG C, and alloying element is made to be uniformly distributed in molten steel.
(5) it casts：High pure nitrogen to the furnace pressure that purity >=99.999% is filled with into pressurization induction furnace is 1.0MPa,
Then it casts at 1550 DEG C；After casting, pressure release is cooled down, bell is opened and takes out ingot mould, deviate from steel ingot.
Gained high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel 18Cr14Mn3Mo0.9N ingot castings are smelted without nitrogen pore, dense structure, ingredient such as table
Shown in 9.
Gained 18Cr14Mn3Mo0.9N ingredients/wt% is smelted in the pressurization sensing of table 9
It pressurizes the electroslag remelting stage：
(1) preparation of consutrode：The 18Cr14Mn3Mo0.9N steel ingots that the induction furnace that pressurizes is smelted are heated 2 at 1200 DEG C
Hour, start to forge, using smaller drafts, final forging temperature is not less than 1100 DEG C, is forged into the consumable of Φ=80mm
Electrode is welded on dummy electrode, and is connect with electrode jaw.
(2) preparation and baking of slag charge：3.6kg pre-melted slags are put into resistance furnace, are toasted 7 hours at 700 DEG C, to go
Moisture in slagging-off.Pre-melted slag composition weight percent be：CaF2:70%, Al2O3:30%.
(3) laying of striking agent：Pressurization electroslag furnace bottom water arc ring, 0.29kg strikings bits being placed below consutrode
On case, consutrode, striking bits and bottom water tank three are in close contact, ensure there is electric current to pass through after being powered.
(4) starting the arc slag making：Baked pre-melted slag is uniformly poured into the pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer that internal diameter D is 130mm,
Closed pressurization electroslag furnace working chamber.It opens water system and normal pressure water supply is carried out to pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer, while to working chamber
In the high pure nitrogen 7min of purity >=99.999% is passed through with 14L/min speed, discharge melting room air, be closed alternating current
Source, using the progress starting the arc slag making of solid-state starting the arc method, the slugging 21min under conditions of voltage is 28V, electric current is 1600A, and really
The stabilization of electric current, voltage is protected, prevents unexpected arc extinguishing, completes slag making.
(5) pressurize electroslag smelting：After slag making, the high pure nitrogen supercharging of purity >=99.999% is filled with into working chamber
To 1.0MPa, while cooling water pressure is accordingly promoted to 1.0MPa, and adjust voltage to 34V, electric current to 2300A, that is, start to add
Piezoelectricity slag melting, melting speed control 92kg/h, control current fluctuation ＜ ± 3% in smelting process, voltage fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5%,
Molten speed fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5kg/h.The aluminum shot for adding in gross weight 120g using step-by-step movement charger simultaneously carries out deoxidation.
(6) later stage feeding is smelted：Consutrode is smelted when ending, and by the way of electric current is continuously decreased carrying out feeding fills out
It fills, reduces current control every time in 800A, it is ensured that feeding filling is abundant, ensures that feeding end face is smooth.
(7) it taps：After feeding, electrode is lifted, smelting terminates.After closing AC power 5min, pressurization electroslag is opened
Stove vent valve pressure release, the synchronous cooling water pressure reduced in pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer to normal pressure after treating steel ingot cooling, take off
Go out ESR ingot, ingredient such as table 10.
18Cr14Mn3Mo0.9N ingredients/wt% obtained by the pressurization electroslag remelting of table 10
It can be seen that, significantly reduced after this obtained pressurized electroslag remelting of ESR ingot sulfur content from upper table, remaining
Component content is basically unchanged.
Claims (2)
- A kind of 1. method of pressurize sensing and pressurization electroslag remelting duplex smelting high-nitrogen steel, which is characterized in that the method is divided into Pressurized Induction Melting and pressurization two stages of electroslag remelting, wherein：1) pressurized Induction Melting includes the following steps：(1) dispensing is determined with pressure parameter：According to target steel grade elemental composition, pressurization sense is 1. calculated by following calculation formula Answer the smelting pressure p of fusion process1, 2. and 3. calculate high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel or high nitrogen martensite respectively by calculation formula The casting pressure p of stainless steel2, for the higher high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel of nitrogen content, 4. determine to smelt by calculation formula former The amount of being actually added into of nitrogen in material；With reference to raw materials for metallurgy ingredient and the ingot quality smelted, the quality of raw material needed for calculating is prepared Raw materials for metallurgy, raw material include ingot iron, crome metal or ferrochrome, metal molybdenum or molybdenum-iron, metallic nickel, manganese metal or electrolytic manganese, work Industry silicon, chromium nitride, vanadium metal or vanadium iron, graphite and nickel magnesium alloy；For high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel, on target carbon content basis On add again 3~10% carbon, add again on the basis of target Si content 1~5% silicon, for deoxidation；For high nitrogen Ovshinsky Body stainless steel adds the calcium-silicon of 0.8kg/t~1.6kg/t electrolytic aluminiums and 0.8kg/t~1.2kg/t calcics 20~28%, It is handled for deoxidation and inclusion modification, in addition, adding in the ingot quality smelted 0.04~0.2%, being 18~25% containing magnesium Nickel magnesium alloy, recovery rate be 10~30%, carry out deep deoxidation；Smelt pressure p1Calculation formula be 1.Calculation formula 1. in：p1To smelt pressure, unit MPa；pΘIt is 0.101325MPa for standard atmospheric pressure；T is smelts temperature Degree, unit K；For high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, pressure p of casting2Calculation formula be 2.For high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel, pressure p of casting2Calculation formula be 3.Calculation formula 2. and 3. in, p2For pressure of casting, unit MPa；For high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, nitrogen is actually added into weight percent (wt%) in raw materials for metallurgy1Calculation formula be 4.Calculation formula 4. in, (wt%)1Represent that nitrogen is actually added into weight percent in raw materials for metallurgy, (wt%)NRepresent high nitrogen not The weight percent of nitrogen in the target component of rust steel；(2) it feeds：Ingot iron, crome metal or ferrochrome, metal molybdenum or molybdenum-iron, metallic nickel are put into the crucible in pressurization induction furnace In, by graphite, industrial silicon, manganese metal or electrolytic manganese, chromium nitride, vanadium metal or vanadium iron, electrolytic aluminium, calcium-silicon and nickel magnesium alloy It is placed in feeding chamber；(3) it is load melting：10Pa will be evacuated in pressurization induction furnace hereinafter, and being powered and being warming up in pressurization induction furnace in crucible Furnace charge all melt；(4) alloying：For the higher high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of carbon content, raw materials for metallurgy is melting down in crucible induction furnace to be pressurised Later, the high-purity argon gas of purity >=99.999% is passed through into stove to 10kPa~50kPa, backward molten steel in add in and account for total matter The graphite of amount 40~80% starts vacuum pump and proceeds by carbon deoxygenation, and up to vacuum degree to below 10Pa and liquid level is steady, There is no bubble generation, if during which reacting excessively violent, vacuum pump is closed, power is reduced and is filled with a small amount of high-purity argon gas, liquid level It is further continued for vacuumizing after steady；After vacuum carbon deoxidization, industrial silicon, further deoxidation are added in；Backward pressurization induction furnace in High pure nitrogen to the pressure for being filled with purity >=99.999% is smelting pressure p1, then by feeding chamber into stove in crucible successively It adds in manganese metal or electrolytic manganese, vanadium metal or vanadium iron, remaining graphite carries out alloying, it is deep de- to add in nickel magnesium alloy progress later Oxygen；For the relatively low high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel of carbon content, after raw materials for metallurgy is melting down in crucible induction furnace to be pressurised, into stove The high pure nitrogen of purity >=99.999% is passed through to smelting pressure p1, then work is sequentially added into stove by feeding chamber in crucible Industry silicon, manganese metal or electrolytic manganese, chromium nitride, graphite carry out alloying, at the same add electrolytic aluminium and calcium-silicon carry out deoxidation and Inclusion modification processing, and add in nickel magnesium alloy and carry out deep deoxidation；After alloying terminates at a temperature of 1540~1580 DEG C 5~10min is kept the temperature, alloying element is made to be uniformly distributed in molten steel；(5) it casts：High pure nitrogen to the furnace pressure that purity >=99.999% is filled with into pressurization induction furnace is casting pressure p2, Then it casts at 1540~1580 DEG C；After casting, pressure release is cooled down, bell is opened and takes out ingot mould, deviate from steel ingot,2) pressurization electroslag remelting includes the following steps：(1) preparation of consutrode：The steel ingot that the induction furnace that pressurizes is smelted is forged into suitable pressurization electroslag furnace electroslag remelting size Consutrode, be welded on dummy electrode, and connect with electrode jaw；(2) preparation and baking of pre-melted slag：Select special component be by mass percentage：CaF2：70%, Al2O3：30% it is pre- Pre-melted slag is put into resistance furnace by slag, is toasted 5 hours~7 hours at 600 DEG C~800 DEG C, to remove the moisture in slagging-off；(3) laying of striking agent：Pressurization electroslag furnace arc ring, 0.30kg ± 0.05kg strikings bits being placed below consutrode On the water tank of bottom, consutrode, striking bits and bottom water tank three are in close contact, ensure there is electric current to pass through after being powered；(4) starting the arc slag making：The slag being baked disposably is added in pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer, closed working chamber；It opens for water system Unite and normal pressure cooling water be passed through into crystallizer, at the same into working chamber with 10L/min~15L/min speed be passed through purity >= 99.999% nitrogen 5min~10min, make melting room air discharge, be closed AC power, using solid-state starting the arc method into Row starting the arc slag making, slugging 20min~25min under conditions of voltage is 25~33V, electric current is 500A~2000A, and ensure electricity The stabilization of stream, voltage prevents unexpected arc extinguishing, completes slag making；(5) pressurize electroslag smelting：After slag making, the nitrogen supercharging of purity >=99.999% is filled with into working chamber to p2, it is synchronous The cooling water pressure in pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer is promoted to p2, and adjust voltage to 38V~40V, electric current to 2000A~ 3000A, that is, start the electroslag smelting that pressurizes, and melting speed control equation is pressurization electroslag remelting for v=(0.7~0.8) × D kg/h, D Stove crystallizer size, unit mm are constantly added by step-by-step movement charger according to the ratio of 0.4kg/ tons of steel~0.7kg/ tons of steel Enter aluminum shot or calcium-silicon deoxidation；Current fluctuation ＜ ± 3%, voltage fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5%, molten speed fluctuation are controlled in smelting process ＜ ± 0.5kg/h；(6) later stage feeding is smelted：When consutrode smelts end of a period, feeding filling is carried out by the way of electric current is continuously decreased, often Secondary reduction current control is in 500A~1000A, it is ensured that feeding filling is abundant, ensures that feeding end face is smooth；(7) it taps：After feeding, electrode is lifted, smelting terminates, and after closing AC power 5min, opens pressurization electroslag furnace and puts Air valve pressure release, the synchronous cooling water pressure reduced in pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer to normal pressure, after treating steel ingot cooling, abjection electricity Slag ingot.
- 2. the method for a kind of pressurize sensing and pressurization electroslag remelting duplex smelting high-nitrogen steel according to claim 1, special Sign is that the target steel grade elemental composition is by weight percentage：C：≤ 0.6%, Mn：≤ 30%, Cr：12~30%, Si： ≤ 1%, Mo：0~4.5%, N：0.1~2%, Ni：0~4.5%, V：0~1%, S：≤ 0.015%, P：≤ 0.05%, Fe： Surplus.
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