CN105457969A - 一种受有机污染物污染的建筑废物无害化处理方法 - Google Patents
一种受有机污染物污染的建筑废物无害化处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种受有机污染物污染的建筑废物无害化处理方法。将受有机污染物污染的建筑废物破碎;先过4目筛,再将筛上物过18目筛,得到两组筛下物;将过4目筛的筛下物平整为高度10~15mm的堆体;将过18目筛的筛下物平整为高度15~20mm的堆体;将两组堆体依次置于微波设备中,用微波辐照处理,微波功率0.8~1kw,微波辐照时间10~40min;微波辐照结束后,将建筑废物送入带有除尘装置的通风设备中,自然冷却至室温;检测分析,有机污染物的去除率为80%~95%;上述有机污染物是沸点100~400℃的有机物。本发明利用微波的热效应以及诱导催化作用来降解去除受污染建筑废物中的有机污染物,其具有去除效果好、反应时间短、二次污染少等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种受有机污染物污染的建筑废物无害化处理方法,属于环境工程领域。
背景技术
随着经济的快速发展,环保法制的加强,高污染工业企业关停、整改、淘汰落后和过剩产能,废弃工厂车间拆迁、整改过程中产生了大量工业建筑废物,它们不同于一般居民商业建筑废物,其中含有大量重金属、无机化合物和有机物等有毒有害物质。这些受污染建筑废物不经处理,直接填埋或再利用,将会对环境造成污染破坏。
目前,在受污染建筑废物无害化处理方面,尚处于空白。参考土壤修复方法,有机物的去除方法主要有生物法,化学氧化法,化学淋洗法和热处理法。生物法处理周期较长,且一些难生物降解有机物及一些对微生物有毒害作用的有机物很难用生物方法进行处理。化学氧化法需消耗大量的化学试剂,且对设备耐腐蚀性要求高,不经济。化学淋洗法只是单纯将污染物转移至洗脱液中,产生大量含有毒有害物质的淋洗液,二次污染严重。热处理法主要是通过加热使有机污染物在高温条件下氧化分解及以气态形式挥发出去。但是,还没有采用微波辐照去除建筑废物中的有机污染物的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种受有机污染物污染的建筑废物无害化处理方法,该有机污染物主要是沸点小于等于400℃的有机物。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用一种微波辐照方法,利用微波加热处理,相比于传统加热热效率高、能耗低,且微波能诱导催化降解有机污染物,在较低温度下有机污染物能达到较高的氧化分解率,二次污染少。
具体步骤如下:
A,将受有机污染物污染建筑废物破碎;用4目和18目组筛筛分,得两组筛下物;4目筛筛上物继续进行破碎后筛分;
B,将过4目筛的筛下物18目筛筛上物平整为高度15~20mm的堆体;将过18目筛的筛下物平整为高度10~15mm的堆体;
C,将B步的两组堆体依次置于微波设备中,用微波辐照处理堆体,微波功率0.8~1kw,微波辐照时间10~40min;
D,微波辐照结束后,将建筑废物送入带有除尘装置的通风设备中,自然冷却至室温;检测分析发现,有机污染物的去除率为80%~95%;
上述有机污染物是沸点100~400℃的有机物。
所述微波辐照时间是,受沸点<200℃的有机污染物污染建筑废物微波辐照处理时间为10~15min;受沸点200~300℃的有机污染物污染建筑废物微波辐照处理时间为15~25min;受沸点300~400℃的有机污染物污染建筑废物微波辐照处理时间为25~40min。
本发明的最大优点和效果是,由于本发明利用微波的热效应和诱导催化作用,去除受污染建筑废物中的有机污染物,实现受有机污染物污染建筑的无害化,本发明相比于化学淋洗及化学氧化法,不需添加化学物质,物耗低,不会造成因化学试剂添加引起的二次污染;相比于生物化,处理周期短,效率高,易于控制,适用范围广;相比于传统热处理,能实现较低温度下有机物氧化分解,能耗低。
具体实施方式
实施例1
A,用颚式破碎机或其他破碎机将受多环芳烃菲(沸点340℃)污染的建筑废物破碎,用4目和18目振动筛对破碎后受有机污染物污染建筑废物进行筛分,先过4目筛,筛下物过18目筛,得到两组筛下物;4目筛的筛上物,返回破碎机继续破碎后筛分。
B,将过4目筛的筛下物18目筛筛上物平整为高度15~20mm的堆体;将过18目筛的筛下物平整为高度10~15mm的堆体;
C,将B步的两组堆体依次置于微波设备中,用微波辐照处理,在微波功率0.8kw的微波场中辐照处理35min;
D,微波辐照结束后,将建筑废物送入带有除尘装置的通风设备中,自然冷却至室温;对微波辐照处理前后受多环芳烃菲污染建筑废物进行检测分析,多环芳烃菲的去除率为80%~90%。
实施例2
用实施例1相同的方法将受1,3,5-三氯苯污染(沸点208.5℃)建筑废物破碎后筛分,得到两组筛下物;
用实施例1相同的方法将两组筛下物堆体高度平整为15~20mm,和10~15mm;置于微波设备中,在功率0.8kw的微波场中辐照处理20min。
对微波辐照处理前后受1,3,5-三氯苯污染建筑废物进行检测分析,1,3,5-三氯苯的去除率为90%~95%。
实施例3
破碎、筛分以及堆体都与实施例1相同,有机污染物为甲拌磷(沸点120℃);置于微波设备,在功率0.8kw的微波场中辐照处理10min。
对微波辐照处理前后受甲拌磷污染建筑废物进行检测分析,甲拌磷的去除率为85%~95%。
Claims (2)
1.一种受有机污染物污染的建筑废物无害化处理方法,其特征在于:
A,将受有机污染物污染的建筑废物破碎;用4目和18目组筛筛分,得两组筛下物;4目筛筛上物继续进行破碎后筛分;
B,将过4目筛的筛下物18目筛筛上物平整为高度15~20mm的堆体;将过18目筛的筛下物平整为高度10~15mm的堆体;
C,微波辐照处理B步的两组堆体,微波功率0.8~1kw,微波辐照时间10~40min;
D,微波辐照结束后,将建筑废物送入带有除尘装置的通风设备中,自然冷却至室温;
上述有机污染物是沸点100~400℃的有机物。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种受有机污染物污染的建筑废物无害化处理方法,其特征在于:微波辐照时间是,受沸点<200℃的有机污染物污染的建筑废物微波辐照处理时间为10~15min;受沸点200~300℃的有机污染物污染建筑废物微波辐照处理时间为15~25min;受沸点300~400℃的有机污染物污染建筑废物微波辐照处理时间为25~40min。
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Citations (5)
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US5287818A (en) * | 1993-05-11 | 1994-02-22 | Aqua Heat Technology Inc. | Method for killing soil pathogens with micro-wave energy |
JP2001149915A (ja) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-06-05 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 有機ハロゲン化物質を含む土壌の無害化処理装置 |
CN1850371A (zh) * | 2006-06-02 | 2006-10-25 | 清华大学 | 土壤中多氯联苯的微波热解吸/碱催化分解处理方法 |
CN101513643A (zh) * | 2009-03-20 | 2009-08-26 | 华中科技大学 | 一种污染土壤的原位微波修复方法与设备 |
CN103480629A (zh) * | 2013-09-11 | 2014-01-01 | 同济大学 | 一种餐厨垃圾固相微波湿热脱油的方法 |
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US5287818A (en) * | 1993-05-11 | 1994-02-22 | Aqua Heat Technology Inc. | Method for killing soil pathogens with micro-wave energy |
JP2001149915A (ja) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-06-05 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 有機ハロゲン化物質を含む土壌の無害化処理装置 |
CN1850371A (zh) * | 2006-06-02 | 2006-10-25 | 清华大学 | 土壤中多氯联苯的微波热解吸/碱催化分解处理方法 |
CN101513643A (zh) * | 2009-03-20 | 2009-08-26 | 华中科技大学 | 一种污染土壤的原位微波修复方法与设备 |
CN103480629A (zh) * | 2013-09-11 | 2014-01-01 | 同济大学 | 一种餐厨垃圾固相微波湿热脱油的方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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朱湖地: "有机物污染土壤微波修复技术与设备研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库(电子期刊)》 * |
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