CN105454301B - The method for reducing postharvest fruit and vegetable storage disease using compound drug - Google Patents
The method for reducing postharvest fruit and vegetable storage disease using compound drug Download PDFInfo
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- CN105454301B CN105454301B CN201610035114.9A CN201610035114A CN105454301B CN 105454301 B CN105454301 B CN 105454301B CN 201610035114 A CN201610035114 A CN 201610035114A CN 105454301 B CN105454301 B CN 105454301B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/10—Animals; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for reducing postharvest fruit and vegetable storage disease using compound drug, belong to the method for prevention and treatment fruit vegetables storing disease；It is intended to provide a kind of method for safely, conveniently, efficiently reducing postharvest fruit and vegetable storage disease incidence.It is before extremely harvesting after crop bears fruit, to be sprayed three times using compound drug to crop, sprays a few days ago complete in harvesting for the last time；Each spraying time is after at 5 points in afternoon；The compound drug is by being diluted to 2000~5000 times of liquid: Prochloraz, natamycin, nisin after following two or three of raw material mixture.The present invention not only can be improved disease-controlling effect, and expand sterilization pedigree, overcome germ drug resistance, but also can reduce murder by poisoning, reduce food safety hazards；It is a kind of method for preventing and treating fruit vegetables storing disease.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for preventing and treating fruit vegetables storing disease more particularly to a kind of utilization compound drug to reduce fruits and vegetables
The method of postharvest storage disease.
Background technique
Postharvest fruit and vegetable storage disease is to cause the common phenomenon of fruits and vegetables " busy season rotten, dull season disconnected " predicament, how to reduce fruits and vegetables
Postharvest storage disease is to expand sale radius, reduces economic loss, realizes the key of " high yield good harvest ".In recent years, with life
Horizontal raising, requirement of the people to food quality and safety are higher and higher；How safely, conveniently, efficiently to fruits and vegetables
It carries out pre-harvest treatment, prevent and treat storage disease to be the project that numerous scientific research personnel are studying at present.
Although it was verified that Prochloraz, natamycin or nisin have preferably postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables
Inhibiting effect, but the fungicide of single composition can only prevent and treat disease caused by fungi or bacterium, and disease control pedigree is not as good as more
The complex composition of kind composition is broad.Combination sterilization composition has good synergistic effect, can significantly improve preventive effect, reduces miaow
The dosage of fresh amine is the important of controlling disease during fruits and vegetables organic production to reduce murder by poisoning, reduce food safety hazards
Means.It there is no harvesting is preceding to prevent and treat or reduce fruit vegetables storing using Prochloraz, natamycin, streptococcus lactis promotor composition at present
The report of disease.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome defect existing in the prior art, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of adopted using compound drug reduction fruits and vegetables
The method of storage disease afterwards, with achieve the purpose that safely, conveniently, efficiently reduce postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables.
To achieve the goals above, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: its method is after crop bears fruit to harvesting it
Before, crop is sprayed three times using compound drug, sprays a few days ago completed in harvesting for the last time；Each spraying time is afternoon
After 5 points；The compound drug is by being diluted to 2000~5000 times of liquid after following two or three of raw material mixture: Prochloraz is received
His mycin, nisin.
Wherein, compound drug can both have been formed by Prochloraz and natamycin by the weight ratio mixture for 1~5:1~3 or
Formed by Prochloraz and nisin by the weight ratio mixture of 1~3:1~4, can also be by natamycin and streptococcus lactis
Element is formed by the weight ratio mixture of 2~3:1~5, or by Prochloraz, natamycin and nisin by 2~5:2~
The weight ratio mixture of 3:1~5 forms.
Further technical solution of the invention are as follows: compound drug is 3000~4000 times of liquid after mixture.
Prochloraz in above-mentioned technical proposal is efficient, wide spectrum, low-toxicity fungicide, is broad-spectrum germicide, mainly
By inhibiting the biosynthesis of sterol, germ cell wall is made to be interfered.Though not having systemic action, make with certain conduction
With.When the medicament for entering soil by seed treatment, it is degraded mainly to volatile metabolite, is easily adsorbed by soil particle,
It is not easy by rain drop erosion.This medicine has inhibition to make to other biological low toxicity in soil, but to the fungi in certain soil in the soil
With splendid for multiple kinds of crops diseases control caused by sac fungus and Fungi Imperfecti.It is usually used in preventing and treating gourd, fruit and vegetable anthracnose, leaf
Pinta can also prevent and treat bakanae disease of rice, rice blast etc.；To citrus anthracnose, blossom-end rot, penicilliosis, green mould, banana anthrax
Disease, leaf spot, mango anthracnose, leaf spot of peanut, the vegetables anthracnose such as capsicum, eggplant, muskmelon, tomato, Strawberry anthracnose, oil
Dish sclerotiniose, leaf spot, mushroom brown spot, apple anthracnose, pear scab etc. have inhibiting effect.
Natamycin in above-mentioned technical proposal is a kind of natural, wide spectrum, efficient, safe and nontoxic biological agent, can be had
Effect inhibits the filamentous fungis such as saccharomycete and mould, prevents the generation of mycotoxin.June nineteen eighty-two and 1996, U.S. FDA was in
The food additives standard chemical techniques committee, state official approval natamycin can be used as food preservative.Its mechanism of action is main
It is to be acted on by natamycin by the sterol compound on its lactone ring structure and fungal cell membrane, forms antibiotic-sterol
Object is closed, to destroy the structure of the cytoplasma membrane of fungi.The hydrophilic segment (polyol part) of macrocyclic lactone forms water hole on film,
Damaging cells membrane permeability, and then cause amino acid in bacterium, the exudation of the substances such as electrolyte, thallus death.The preservative safety, nothing
Evil, when exclusive use, can only prevent fungus-caused disease.
Nisin in above-mentioned technical proposal is that a kind of wholefood efficient, nontoxic, safe, without side-effects is anti-
Rotten agent can effectively inhibit most of gram-positive bacteriums, and have stronger inhibiting effect to sporiferous bacterium.1969
It was entrusted respectively by Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAL/WHO) food additives joint specialist with 1992
Member can be approved as food preservative with ministry of Health of China.Its mechanism of action is the normal function by interfering cell membrane, is caused thin
The infiltration of after birth, nutrient loss and film potential decline, so as to cause the death of pathogenic bacteria and spoilage organisms cell.Preservative peace
Entirely, harmless, when exclusive use, can only prevent and treat disease caused by bacterium.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention is by adopting the above-described technical solution, by Prochloraz, natamycin, lactic acid chain
Two or three of progress mixture in coccus element, therefore disease-controlling effect both can be improved, expanded sterilization pedigree, overcome germ anti-
Pharmacological property, and murder by poisoning can be reduced, reduce food safety hazards.Due to the complicated component in compound drug, can be sent out in application
The deficiency waved synergistic effect, make up single pesticide.It was verified that pre-harvest treatment is carried out to a variety of fruits and vegetables using the method for the present invention,
Gray mold, black spot, the anthracnose, white rot on the fruits and vegetables such as tomato, Kidney bean, blueberry, dragon fruit, grape, citrus can be prevented and treated
A variety of biological diseases such as disease, Alternaria, Botrytis, effectively reduce the generation of postharvest disease of fruits and vegetables.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1(material to be tested is the blue certain kind of berries of powder)
1) 0.5g Prochloraz and 1.0g natamycin are mixed, obtains compound drug, it is spare is diluted to 2000 times of liquid；
2) selection growing way it is almost the same, 70 plants of healthy plant；With 35 plants therein for experimental group, preharvest spraying three times 2000
Times compound drug is control group preharvest spraying 1.5g Prochloraz three times with other 35 plants；
3) it sorted after fresh fruit picking, dispense and be transferred to PE freshness protection package (20 boxes/bag) after polyethylene capsule (125g/ box),
Tying after being pre-chilled at 0 ± 1 DEG C for 24 hours, is then stored under the conditions of 1 DEG C.
After storage 80 days, experimental group fruit disease rate only 10.34%；Control group fruit disease rate is 15.47%, storage period
There is yeast growth, generates vinosity.
Embodiment 2(material to be tested is kidney bean)
1) 0.5g Prochloraz and 1.0g nisin are mixed, obtains compound drug, it is spare is diluted to 2500 times of liquid；
2) selection growing way it is almost the same, 20 plants of healthy plant；With 10 plants therein for experimental group, preharvest spraying three times 2500
Times compound drug, with other 10 plants for control group, preharvest spraying 1.5g nisin three times；
3) it sorted after fresh fruit picking, dispense PE freshness protection package (5kg/ bags), tying after being pre-chilled at 9 ± 1 DEG C for 24 hours, then
It is stored under the conditions of 9 DEG C.
After storage 40 days, experimental group fruit disease rate is only 2.85%；Control group fruit disease rate is 18.19%, is stored
It rots caused by a small amount of mould of Cheng Zhongyou.
Embodiment 3(material to be tested is purplish red imperial dragon fruit)
1) 1.0g natamycin and 0.5g nisin are mixed, obtains compound drug, it is spare is diluted to 4000 times of liquid；
2) selection growing way it is almost the same, 80 plants of healthy plant；With 40 plants therein for experimental group, sprayed before adopting every 7 days
4000 times of compound drugs, spray three times altogether；With other 40 plants for control group, a 1.5g was sprayed every 7 days before adopting and receives him
Mycin sprays three times altogether；
3) it sorted after fresh fruit picking, dispense PE freshness protection package (10kg/ bags), tying after 48h is pre-chilled at 9 ± 1 DEG C, then
It is stored under the conditions of 9 DEG C.
After storage 30 days, experimental group fruit disease rate is only 8.36%；Control group fruit disease rate is 20%, in storage
There is bacterial disease.
Embodiment 4(material to be tested is the blue certain kind of berries of powder)
1) 0.5g Prochloraz, 0.5g natamycin and 0.5g nisin are mixed, obtains compound drug, is diluted to
5000 times of liquid are spare；
2) selection growing way it is almost the same, 100 plants of healthy plant；With wherein 50 plants for experimental group, preharvest spraying three times 5000
Times compound drug；
3) it sorted after fresh fruit picking, dispense and be transferred to PE freshness protection package (20 boxes/bag) after polyethylene capsule (125g/ box),
Tying after being pre-chilled at 0 ± 1 DEG C for 24 hours, is then stored under the conditions of 1 DEG C.
After storage 80 days, experimental group fruit disease rate only 3.25%；Compared with Example 1, reduce the use of natamycin
Dosage, and preventive effect increases significantly.
Embodiment 5(material to be tested is purplish red imperial dragon fruit)
1) 0.5g Prochloraz, 0.5g natamycin and 0.5g nisin are mixed, obtains compound drug, diluted
It is spare to 4000 times of liquid；
2) selection growing way it is almost the same, 80 plants of healthy plant；With wherein 40 plants for experimental group, one was sprayed every 7 days before adopting
Secondary 4000 times of compound drugs, spray three times altogether；
3) it sorted after fresh fruit picking, dispense PE freshness protection package (10kg/ bags), tying after 48h is pre-chilled at 9 ± 1 DEG C, then
It is stored under the conditions of 9 DEG C.
After storage 30 days, experimental group fruit disease rate is only 3.23%；Compared with Example 3, natamycin is significantly reduced
Dosage, and bactericidal effect obviously increases.
Embodiment 6, material to be tested and each step are the same as embodiment 1；Wherein, Prochloraz and natamycin are 0.5g, compounding
Medicament is 2000 times of liquid
Embodiment 7, material to be tested and each step are the same as embodiment 1；Wherein, Prochloraz 0.5g, natamycin 1.5g are multiple
Dose out powders are 5000 times of liquid.
Embodiment 8, material to be tested and each step are the same as embodiment 1；Wherein, Prochloraz 2.5g, natamycin 0.5g are multiple
Dose out powders are 3000 times of liquid.
Embodiment 9, material to be tested and each step are the same as embodiment 1；Wherein, Prochloraz 2.5g, natamycin 1.5g are multiple
Dose out powders are 4000 times of liquid.
Embodiment 10, material to be tested and each step are the same as embodiment 2；Wherein, Prochloraz and nisin are 0.5g,
Compound drug is 2000 times of liquid.
Embodiment 11, material to be tested and each step are the same as embodiment 2；Wherein, Prochloraz 0.5g, nisin are
2.0g, compound drug are 5000 times of liquid.
Embodiment 12, material to be tested and each step are the same as embodiment 2；Wherein, Prochloraz 1.5g, nisin are
0.5g, compound drug are 3000 times of liquid.
Embodiment 13, material to be tested and each step are the same as embodiment 2；Wherein, Prochloraz 1.5g, nisin are
2.0g, compound drug are 4000 times of liquid.
Embodiment 14, material to be tested and each step are the same as embodiment 3；Wherein, natamycin 1.0g, nisin are
2.5g, compound drug are 2000 times of liquid.
Embodiment 15, material to be tested and each step are the same as embodiment 3；Wherein, natamycin 1.5g, nisin are
0.5g, compound drug are 5000 times of liquid.
Embodiment 16, material to be tested and each step are the same as embodiment 3；Wherein, natamycin 1.5g, nisin are
2.5g, compound drug are 3000 times of liquid.
Embodiment 17, material to be tested and each step are the same as embodiment 4；Wherein, Prochloraz 0.4g, natamycin 0.6g,
Nisin is 0.2g, and compound drug is 2000 times of liquid.
Embodiment 18, material to be tested and each step are the same as embodiment 4；Wherein, Prochloraz 1.0g, natamycin 0.4g,
Nisin is 1.0g, and compound drug is 3000 times of liquid.
In above-mentioned a embodiment, spray every time compound drug time be at 5 points in afternoon after.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method for reducing postharvest fruit and vegetable storage disease using compound drug, it is characterised in that: to adopting after crop bears fruit
Before receipts, crop is sprayed three times using compound drug, sprays a few days ago completed in harvesting for the last time；Spraying time is every time
After at 5 points in afternoon；The compound drug is one of following three kinds mixed medicines: Prochloraz and nisin are by 1~3:1
2000~5000 times of liquid are diluted to after~4 weight ratio mixture, natamycin and nisin press the weight of 2~3:1~5
Than being diluted to 2000~5000 times of liquid after mixture, Prochloraz, natamycin and nisin press 2~5:2~3:1~5
Weight ratio mixture after be diluted to 2000~5000 times of liquid.
2. the method according to claim 1 for reducing postharvest fruit and vegetable storage disease using compound drug, it is characterised in that: multiple
Dose out powders are 3000~4000 times of liquid after mixture.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107467077A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-12-15 | 贵阳学院 | A kind of fruits and vegetables bactericide of extract solution containing cake of camellia oleifera seeds and its application |
| CN107347476A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-11-17 | 贵阳学院 | A kind of method for improving dragon fruit edible quality and extending storage period |
| CN108739998A (en) * | 2018-07-07 | 2018-11-06 | 广西农垦国有立新农场 | A kind of citrus plucks rear fresh-keeping method |
| CN108849195A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-23 | 苏红群 | A method of preventing Kiwi berry blossom-end rot |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101189981A (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2008-06-04 | 国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心（天津） | Composite antistaling agent for fruits and vegetables |
| CN101496538A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-08-05 | 天津市食品加工工程中心 | Fruit-dipping type garden stuff antistaling agent |
| WO2009060012A3 (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2010-06-10 | Basf Se | Plant health compositions comprising a beneficial microorganism and a pesticide |
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| CN103392792B (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-01-28 | 南京农业大学 | Biological control method for enhancing postharvest storability of strawberries |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101189981A (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2008-06-04 | 国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心（天津） | Composite antistaling agent for fruits and vegetables |
| WO2009060012A3 (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2010-06-10 | Basf Se | Plant health compositions comprising a beneficial microorganism and a pesticide |
| CN101496538A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-08-05 | 天津市食品加工工程中心 | Fruit-dipping type garden stuff antistaling agent |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 纳他霉素复配制剂在锦橙采后保鲜上的应用研究;刁源;《西南农业学报》;20130831;1618-1621 |
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