CN105450555B - A kind of method for building up of network-on-a-chip and network-on-chip communication link - Google Patents
A kind of method for building up of network-on-a-chip and network-on-chip communication link Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of network-on-a-chip and the method for building up of network-on-chip communication link, wherein network-on-a-chip includes：First node, second node；Between first node and second node exist can direct communication link；Second node is the node that can directly or indirectly establish circuit-switched link；Source node and destination node belong to second node；First node, for receiving the data transfer request from source node, data transfer request carries the information of data transmission destination node；The available mode information for the circuit-switched link that source node passes through to the path between destination node is obtained, and determines source node to the objective circuit link exchange that can be established between destination node by available mode information；It indicates the second node that objective circuit link exchange is passed through, establishes the objective circuit link exchange for data transmission.For reducing the time-consuming for establishing communication link, the scalability of chip is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of computer technology, in particular to a kind of network-on-a-chip and network-on-chip communication link
Method for building up.
Background technique
Network-on-chip (Network on Chip, NoC) refers to：It is used to communicate between multiple functional modules in the chip
Dedicated network.Wireless network-on-chip (Wireless NoC, WiNoC) refers to：It is realized on chip based on wireless communication technique
Interference networks.
With the development of semiconductor technology, the number of transistors that unit area can integrate is more and more, in a chip
Interior integrated function and hardware module (such as processor core, Memory Controller Hub, accelerator) are also more and more.In this background
Under, traditional bus type interconnection mode is because become the bottleneck of system performance there are serious resource competing problem；Piece online
Therefore network also has become the interconnection scheme of mainstream.The function or hardware module of core Embedded are properly termed as a node,
The node for sending data is known as source node, and the node for receiving data is known as destination node.
There are two types of the network-on-chip implementation methods being widely used at present, is respectively：Network-on-chip based on circuit switching and
Network-on-chip based on packet switch.Wherein, the network-on-chip based on circuit switching is established between a source node and a destination node
Physics dedicated link does not need data cached packet.The program is low in energy consumption, and propagation delay time is short, but link to establish expense big, be applicable in
In big data quantity, continuous transmission.Data are cut into several groupings (packet), each grouping packet by the network-on-chip of packet switch
Several microplates (flit) are included, are forwarded by each on-chip router.The speed that the program establishes link is fast, but propagation delay time is high,
It is suitable for small data quantity, opportunistic transmission.
With the further growth of chip-scale, the scale of network-on-chip also rapid growth, this results in delay, power consumption and
The problem of scalability.Based on current semiconductor technology, network-on-chip is realized with metal wire and is interconnected, and can be made when scale increases
The average number of hops communicated in piece increases, so as to cause higher communication delay and power consumption.In some many-core processors, on piece
The power consumption of network has even accounted for the half of whole system power consumption.
The implementation for having a kind of network-on-chip at present is to combine packet switch with circuit switching.For small flow
Communication, is completed with packet network；Communication for big flow, is completed with circuit-switched network, and source node and destination node
Between circuit switched path then need in advance with specific protocol package establish.
The step of communication link of circuit switching is established be：Before source node initiates data transmission to destination node, first
Request packet is sent for establishing the communication link carried out data transmission to destination node.Destination node returns if link is available
Response bag, circuit switched path are established, and source node transmits data in a manner of circuit switching；If link is unavailable, then chain is waited
Road release, or attempt to establish other paths.
In above scheme, when establishing the communication link of dedicated circuit switching between two nodes of on piece, consumed
Time be significantly increased with the growth of network size, scalability is poor.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of network-on-a-chip and the method for building up of network-on-chip communication link, are used for
The time-consuming for establishing communication link is reduced, the scalability of chip is improved.
On the one hand the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of network-on-a-chip, including：
First node, second node；Between the first node and second node exist can direct communication link；It is described
Second node is the node that can directly or indirectly establish circuit-switched link；Data transmission sources are source node, data transmission
Target is purpose node, and the source node and the destination node belong to second node；
The first node, for receiving the data transfer request from source node, the data transfer request carries number
According to the information of transmission destination node；Obtain the circuit-switched link that the source node passes through to the path between the destination node
Available mode information, and determine the source node to can establish between the destination node by the available mode information
Objective circuit link exchange；It indicates the second node that the objective circuit link exchange is passed through, establishes the institute for data transmission
State objective circuit link exchange.
In conjunction with the implementation of one side, in the first possible implementation, the network-on-chip is drawn according to region
It is divided at least two sub-networks, includes a first node in each sub-network；Sub-network where source node include first
Node is source first node, and the sub-network where the source node is source sub-network；
Exist between the first node and second node can the link of direct communication include：Second node in sub-network
With in the sub-network first node exist can direct communication link；
The first node is handed over for obtaining the source node to the circuit that the path between the destination node is passed through
The available mode information for changing link includes：The source first node makes for sending wireless broadcast information to other first nodes
The first node for receiving the wireless broadcast information returns to what the source node passed through to the path between the destination node
The available mode information of circuit-switched link.
In conjunction with the first possible implementation implementation of one side, in the second possible implementation, institute
First node is stated, the second node that the objective circuit link exchange is passed through is used to indicate, is established for the described of data transmission
Objective circuit link exchange includes：The source first node, the source for passing through to the objective circuit link exchange
Second node in network sends instruction information, and include by the sub-network that the objective circuit link exchange is passed through first
The second node that node passes through to the objective circuit link exchange sends instruction information, establishes the mesh for data transmission
Mark circuit-switched link.
In conjunction with second of possible implementation implementation of one side, in the third possible implementation, institute
First node is stated, for making the first node for receiving the wireless broadcast information return to the source node to the destination node
Between path pass through circuit-switched link available mode information, including：Make receive the wireless broadcast information
One node, according to the available mode for the circuit-switched link that the source node is successively forwarded to the path between the destination node
Information；The available mode information of the circuit-switched link is located at sub-network edge and going out as sub-network for recording
The available mode of mouth or entrance.
In conjunction with one side the first, second or the third possible implementation implementation, can at the 4th kind
In the implementation of energy, the first node, for obtaining the source node to the path process between the destination node
The available mode information of circuit-switched link includes：The source first node, for being calculated by minimum adaptive routing algorithm
The source node is to the path of the minimum sub-network of approach between the destination node；
The source first node, for including to other first nodes transmission wireless broadcast information：The source first node,
The first node that sub-network for passing through to the path being calculated includes sends wireless broadcast information.
In conjunction with the 4th kind of possible implementation implementation of one side, in a fifth possible implementation, institute
First node is stated, the information field for including in the wireless broadcast information of transmission has：Enquiry circuit link exchange can
The address information for the first node that the sub-network of the instruction information, the path process being calculated believed with state includes, mesh
Address of node information.
In conjunction on the one hand, one side the first, second or the third possible implementation implementation, the
In six kinds of possible implementations, between the first node and second node it is existing can the link of direct communication be bus.
A kind of method for building up of network-on-chip communication link is provided in terms of the embodiment of the present invention two, including：
First node receives the data transfer request from source node, and the data transfer request carries data and transmits purpose
The information of node；The source node and the destination node belong to second node, the second node be can directly or
Connect the node for establishing circuit-switched link；Between the first node and second node exist can direct communication link；
The first node obtains the circuit-switched link that the source node passes through to the path between the destination node
Available mode information, and determine the source node to can establish between the destination node by the available mode information
Objective circuit link exchange；
The first node indicates the second node that the objective circuit link exchange is passed through, and establishes for data transmission
The objective circuit link exchange.
In conjunction with the implementation of two aspects, in the first possible implementation, the network-on-chip is drawn according to region
It is divided at least two sub-networks, includes a first node in each sub-network；Sub-network where source node include first
Node is source first node, and the sub-network where the source node is source sub-network；
Exist between the first node and second node can the link of direct communication include：Second node in sub-network
With in the sub-network first node exist can direct communication link；
The first node obtains the circuit-switched link that the source node passes through to the path between the destination node
Available mode information include：Source first node sends wireless broadcast information to other first nodes, makes to receive described wireless
The first node of broadcast message returns to the circuit-switched link that the source node passes through to the path between the destination node
Available mode information.
In conjunction with the first possible implementation implementation of two aspects, in the second possible implementation, institute
It states first node and indicates the second node that the objective circuit link exchange is passed through, establish the target electricity for data transmission
Road link exchange includes：
Second node hair of the source first node into the source sub-network that the objective circuit link exchange is passed through
The first node for sending instruction information, and including by the sub-network that the objective circuit link exchange is passed through is to the objective circuit
The second node that link exchange is passed through sends instruction information, establishes the objective circuit link exchange for data transmission.
In conjunction with second of possible implementation implementation of two aspects, in the third possible implementation, institute
State make to receive the wireless broadcast information first node return the source node between the destination node path pass through
The available mode information for the circuit-switched link crossed, including：
Make the first node for receiving the wireless broadcast information, according to the destination node between the source node
The available mode information for the circuit-switched link that path successively forwards；The available mode information of the circuit-switched link, is used for
Record is located at sub-network edge and as the outlet of sub-network or the available mode of entrance.
In conjunction with two aspect the first, second or the third possible implementation implementation, can at the 4th kind
In the implementation of energy, the first node obtains the source node and hands over to the circuit that the path between the destination node is passed through
The available mode information for changing link includes：
The source first node passes through minimum adaptive routing algorithm and calculates the source node between the destination node
The path of the minimum sub-network of approach；
The source first node sends wireless broadcast information to other first nodes：The source first node is to calculating
The first node that the sub-network that obtained path is passed through includes sends wireless broadcast information.
In conjunction with the 4th kind of possible implementation implementation of two aspects, in a fifth possible implementation, institute
Stating the information field for including in wireless broadcast information has：The instruction information, described of the available mode letter of enquiry circuit link exchange
Address information, the address information of destination node for the first node that the sub-network that the path being calculated is passed through includes.
In conjunction with two aspects, two aspects the first, second or the third possible implementation implementation, the
In six kinds of possible implementations, it is described can the link of direct communication include：Bus.
As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages that：First node can collect the second section
The available mode information of circuit-switched link between point, may thereby determine that the circuit-switched link between each second node is
It is no available；First node establishes objective circuit link exchange and does not need to occupy the circuit switching chain of bearer data transmission function
Road；Therefore, the time delay for establishing objective circuit link exchange can be very low, therefore the time-consuming of communication link is established in available reduction；
In addition, being that wire link does not need to cache since circuit-switched link is corresponding, the hardware spending for reducing circuit can be used.Therefore,
With better chip scalability.
Detailed description of the invention
To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, make required in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly introduced, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, without any creative labor, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings
His attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the on-chip network structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the sub-network structure schematic diagram of the network-on-chip of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the sub-network structure schematic diagram of the network-on-chip of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the sub-network interface structure schematic diagram of the network-on-chip of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the sub-network structure schematic diagram of the network-on-chip of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the method flow schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is message structure of embodiment of the present invention schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 A is the structural schematic diagram for the circuit-switched link that the embodiment of the present invention is established；
Fig. 8 B is that the embodiment of the present invention uses traditional packet/circuit-switched technology time-consuming structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 C is that the embodiment of the present invention uses the embodiment of the present invention time-consuming structural schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to the present invention make into
It is described in detail to one step, it is clear that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than whole implementation
Example.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
All other embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of network-on-a-chips, as shown in Figure 1, including：
First node 101, second node 102；Existing between above-mentioned first node 101 and second node 102 directly to lead to
The link of letter；Above-mentioned second node 102 is the node that can directly or indirectly establish circuit-switched link；Data transmission sources are source
The target of node 1021, data transmission is purpose node 1022, and above-mentioned source node 1021 and above-mentioned purpose node 1022 belong to
Second node 102；
Above-mentioned first node 101, for receiving the data transfer request from source node 1021, above-mentioned data transfer request
Carry the information of data transmission destination node 1022；Above-mentioned source node 1021 is obtained to the road between above-mentioned purpose node 1022
The available mode information for the circuit-switched link that diameter passes through, and determine that above-mentioned source node 1021 arrives by above-mentioned available mode information
The objective circuit link exchange that can be established between above-mentioned purpose node 1022；Indicate that above-mentioned objective circuit link exchange passes through the
Two nodes 102 establish the above-mentioned objective circuit link exchange for data transmission.
It is round in Fig. 1 to indicate node, it include first node 101 and second node 102；First node 101 and the second section
Link between point 102 uses dotted line, and the circuit-switched link between second node 102 uses solid line.Structure shown in FIG. 1 is only
For an example of the embodiment of the present invention, the thought based on the embodiment of the present invention, network-on-chip specific structure can also have various
Deformation, such as：The position of first node 101 in Fig. 1 is replaced with into second node 102, then the horizontal and vertical dotted line in 1
It is then solid line, first node 101 can physically be located at different layers from second node at this time, also possible.Therefore Fig. 1
As an example, the technical requirements provided based on the embodiment of the present invention, specific structure can have many variations, and Fig. 1 should not be managed
Solution is the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
In embodiments of the present invention, first node can collect the available mode letter of the circuit-switched link between second node
Breath determines whether the circuit-switched link between each second node can be used thus available；First node establishes objective circuit exchange
Link does not need to occupy the circuit-switched link of bearer data transmission function；Therefore, establish objective circuit link exchange when
Between delay can be very low, therefore the time-consuming for establishing communication link can be reduced；In addition, being wired since circuit-switched link is corresponding
Link does not need to cache, it is possible to reduce the hardware spending of circuit.Therefore, there is better chip scalability.
In the present embodiment, objective circuit link exchange is determined according to available mode information, in contrast table circuit switching chain
In the path calculation process on road, may there are not idle a path link source node and destination node, need at this time
It waits or objective circuit link exchange establishes failure.It, at this time can be by it is possible that can have a plurality of objective circuit link exchange
Selected according to scheduled technical indicator, or calculate objective circuit link exchange path when, using scheduled algorithm come
It calculates, the objective circuit link exchange being calculated is made there was only a preferred paths.The process specifically how calculated, Yi Jixuan
The process of objective circuit link exchange is selected, those skilled in the art can select from existing path computation algorithm, the present invention
Embodiment does not do uniqueness restriction.
In embodiments of the present invention, first node be theoretically can with only one, at this moment first node can manage
All second nodes.The embodiment of the invention also provides further solution, as shown in Fig. 2, the present embodiment can be with
Subregion is carried out to network-on-chip and obtains sub-network (a rounded square frame region is a sub-network in Fig. 2), sub-network
Number determines according to the extension demand of network-on-chip, theoretically for the number of sub-network can be unlimited, in the present embodiment, son
The number embodiment of the present invention of network not limits.Since each sub-network has the first node of oneself, then first node
Number with the number of sub-network be it is corresponding, the second node of each first node and the sub-network where oneself has and can directly lead to
The link of letter, and monitor the circuit-switched link in the sub-network where oneself.Wireless parties can be used between each first node
Formula connection, therefore, first node and other nodes can also pass through packet switch using radio broadcasting messaging information
Mode establishes communication link.Concrete scheme is as follows：
Above-mentioned network-on-chip is at least two sub-networks according to region division, includes a first node in each sub-network
101；The first node 101 that sub-network where source node 1021 includes is source first node 101, where above-mentioned source node 1021
Sub-network be source sub-network；
Exist between above-mentioned first node 101 and second node 102 can the link of direct communication include：In sub-network
Two nodes 102 and the first node 101 in the sub-network exist can direct communication link；
Above-mentioned first node 101, for obtaining above-mentioned source node 1021 to the path warp between above-mentioned purpose node 1022
The available mode information for the circuit-switched link crossed includes：Above-mentioned source first node 101, for being sent out to other first nodes 101
Wireless broadcast information is sent, the first node for receiving above-mentioned wireless broadcast information 101 is made to return to above-mentioned source node 1021 to above-mentioned
The available mode information for the circuit-switched link that path between destination node 1022 is passed through.
Based on the above design, network-on-chip is divided region by the present embodiment, and first node collects available electricity in region
The resource of road link exchange establishes circuit-switched link with the first node control with radio transmission-receiving function between each region
Offer data transmission path, therefore link establishment delay it is low.In addition, since the Radio Link between first node is for building
Transmission path is found, the wire link between second node is used for transmission data payload, and without caching on wire link
(buffer), hardware spending, power consumption and the transmission delay of circuit can be greatly reduced in this way.
In embodiments of the present invention, due to having carried out subregion to network-on-chip, and since each sub-network has
The first node of oneself, then each first node and oneself where sub-network second node have can direct communication chain
Road, and monitor the circuit-switched link in the sub-network where oneself.So in embodiments of the present invention, first node, which is assigned, builds
The scheme of the instruction information of vertical target link exchange, can be as follows：
Above-mentioned first node 101 is used to indicate the second node 102 that above-mentioned objective circuit link exchange is passed through, and establishes and uses
Include in the above-mentioned objective circuit link exchange of data transmission：Above-mentioned source first node 101, for being exchanged to above-mentioned objective circuit
The second node 102 in above-mentioned source sub-network that link passes through sends instruction information, and passes through above-mentioned objective circuit link exchange
The second node 102 that the first node 101 that the sub-network of process includes passes through to above-mentioned objective circuit link exchange sends instruction
Information establishes the above-mentioned objective circuit link exchange for data transmission.
As an example, as shown in figure 5, dotted arrow direction, which is first node, sends instruction information to second node
Direction.The path of runic solid line connection is objective circuit link exchange.
In embodiments of the present invention, due to dividing region to network-on-chip, then in embodiments of the present invention, circuit
The available mode information of link exchange can propose in the form of as unit of sub-network, the second node meeting at sub-network edge
There are entrance as input or the outlet as output, then these entrance and exits are then the entrance and exits of sub-network,
Circuit, which can be further reduced, based on this establishes delay.In addition, available mode information uses sub-network in the present embodiment
The mode of (sequentially identical as the sub-network sequence that the path of destination node to source node is passed through) forwarding realizes feedback step by step, avoids
Source first node is connected to multiple wireless signals simultaneously and generates the situation that interference causes reception wrong, as shown in figure 3, dotted arrow side
It is specific as follows to the feedback routing direction for available mode information：
Above-mentioned first node 101, for making the first node for receiving above-mentioned wireless broadcast information 101 return to above-mentioned source section
The available mode information for the circuit-switched link that point 1021 passes through to the path between above-mentioned purpose node 1022, including：Make to connect
The first node 101 for receiving above-mentioned wireless broadcast information, according between above-mentioned purpose node 1022 to above-mentioned source node 1021
The available mode information for the circuit-switched link that path successively forwards；The available mode information of foregoing circuit link exchange, is used for
Record is located at sub-network edge and as the outlet of sub-network or the available mode of entrance.
As an example, it is illustrated in figure 4 the schematic diagram of a sub-network, in Fig. 4, A~L is sub-network edge
Outlet or entrance, in Fig. 4 there are four direction edge interface, if the interface at one of edge as entrance, separately
Outer three directions can be used as exporting.So available mode information available mode information for then can be above A~L is used to table
Show the available mode of the circuit-switched link in this sub-network.
In embodiments of the present invention, first node, can be in the available mode information process for obtaining circuit-switched link
It is the available mode information for obtaining the circuit-switched link that all free routings between source node to destination node pass through,
It can precalculate and determine lesser range, then obtain the available mode information of the circuit-switched link in smaller range again,
With the speed of Speed-up Establishment objective circuit link exchange, concrete scheme can be as follows：
Above-mentioned first node 101, for obtaining above-mentioned source node 1021 to the path warp between above-mentioned purpose node 1022
The available mode information for the circuit-switched link crossed includes：Above-mentioned source first node 101, for being calculated by minimum adaptive routing
Method calculates above-mentioned source node 1021 to the path of the minimum sub-network of approach between above-mentioned purpose node 1022；
Above-mentioned source first node 101, for including to other first nodes 101 transmission wireless broadcast information：Above-mentioned source
One node 101, the first node 101 that the sub-network for passing through to the path being calculated includes send wireless broadcast information.
As an example, it please referring to shown in Fig. 3, the direction of data transfer request is dotted arrows direction shown in Fig. 3,
Realize that arrow direction is the sending direction of wireless broadcast information.
It is specific as follows the embodiment of the invention also provides the format for transmitting information between first node：
Above-mentioned first node 101, the information field for including in the above-mentioned wireless broadcast information of transmission have：Enquiry circuit
The first node that the sub-network that the instruction information of the available mode letter of link exchange, the above-mentioned path being calculated are passed through includes
101 address information, the address information of destination node 1022.
In embodiments of the present invention, the possible quantity of the sub-network that the path being calculated may be passed through is more, first node
Address information can share an extended field together with destination node, the address information of each first node individually occupy one
A extended field item；Subsequent embodiment will be illustrated in more detail with regard to this.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the preferred implementation schemes that connection is established between first node and second node, specifically
It is as follows：Between above-mentioned first node 101 and second node 102 it is existing can the link of direct communication be bus.First node with
Bus between second node is mainly used for, and first node collects the available mode letter of the circuit-switched link between second node
Breath, and issues instruction information to second node, and the requirement of second node information as indicated is made to establish circuit-switched link.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of method for building up of network-on-chip communication link, as shown in fig. 6, can simultaneously join together
On-chip network structure shown in Fig. 1~5 is read, including：
601：First node receives the data transfer request from source node, and above-mentioned data transfer request carries data transmission
The information of destination node；Above-mentioned source node and above-mentioned purpose node belong to second node, and above-mentioned second node is can be direct
Or the node of circuit-switched link is established indirectly；Between above-mentioned first node and second node exist can direct communication link；
602：Above-mentioned first node obtains the circuit switching that above-mentioned source node passes through to the path between above-mentioned purpose node
The available mode information of link, and determine that above-mentioned source node can be built between above-mentioned purpose node by above-mentioned available mode information
Vertical objective circuit link exchange；
603：Above-mentioned first node indicates the second node that above-mentioned objective circuit link exchange is passed through, and establishes and passes for data
Defeated above-mentioned objective circuit link exchange.
In embodiments of the present invention, first node can collect the available mode letter of the circuit-switched link between second node
Breath determines whether the circuit-switched link between each second node can be used thus available；First node establishes objective circuit exchange
Link does not need to occupy the circuit-switched link of bearer data transmission function；Therefore, establish objective circuit link exchange when
Between delay can be very low, therefore the time-consuming for establishing communication link can be reduced；In addition, being wired since circuit-switched link is corresponding
Link does not need to cache, it is possible to reduce the hardware spending of circuit.Therefore, there is better chip scalability.
In the present embodiment, objective circuit link exchange is determined according to available mode information, in contrast table circuit switching chain
In the path calculation process on road, may there are not idle a path link source node and destination node, need at this time
It waits or objective circuit link exchange establishes failure.It, at this time can be by it is possible that can have a plurality of objective circuit link exchange
Selected according to scheduled technical indicator, or calculate objective circuit link exchange path when, using scheduled algorithm come
It calculates, the objective circuit link exchange being calculated is made there was only a preferred paths.The process specifically how calculated, Yi Jixuan
The process of objective circuit link exchange is selected, those skilled in the art can select from existing path computation algorithm, the present invention
Embodiment does not do uniqueness restriction.
In embodiments of the present invention, first node be theoretically can with only one, at this moment first node can manage
All second nodes.The embodiment of the invention also provides further solution, as shown in Fig. 2, the present embodiment can be with
Subregion is carried out to network-on-chip and obtains sub-network (a rounded square frame region is a sub-network in Fig. 2), sub-network
Number determines according to the extension demand of network-on-chip, theoretically for the number of sub-network can be unlimited, in the present embodiment, son
The number embodiment of the present invention of network not limits.Since each sub-network has the first node of oneself, then first node
Number with the number of sub-network be it is corresponding, the second node of each first node and the sub-network where oneself has and can directly lead to
The link of letter, and monitor the circuit-switched link in the sub-network where oneself.Wireless parties can be used between each first node
Formula connection, therefore, first node and other nodes can also pass through packet switch using radio broadcasting messaging information
Mode establishes communication link.Concrete scheme is as follows：Above-mentioned network-on-chip is at least two sub-networks, every height according to region division
It include a first node in network；The first node that sub-network where source node includes is source first node, above-mentioned source section
Sub-network where point is source sub-network；
Exist between above-mentioned first node and second node can the link of direct communication include：Second node in sub-network
With in the sub-network first node exist can direct communication link；
Above-mentioned first node obtains the circuit-switched link that above-mentioned source node passes through to the path between above-mentioned purpose node
Available mode information include：Source first node sends wireless broadcast information to other first nodes, makes to receive above-mentioned wireless
The first node of broadcast message returns to the circuit-switched link that above-mentioned source node passes through to the path between above-mentioned purpose node
Available mode information.
Based on the above design, network-on-chip is divided region by the present embodiment, and first node collects available electricity in region
The resource of road link exchange establishes circuit-switched link with the first node control with radio transmission-receiving function between each region
Offer data transmission path, therefore link establishment delay it is low.In addition, since the Radio Link between first node is for building
Transmission path is found, the wire link between second node is used for transmission data payload, and buffer is not necessarily on wire link, in this way
Hardware spending, power consumption and the transmission delay of circuit can be greatly reduced.
In embodiments of the present invention, due to having carried out subregion to network-on-chip, and since each sub-network has
The first node of oneself, then each first node and oneself where sub-network second node have can direct communication chain
Road, and monitor the circuit-switched link in the sub-network where oneself.So in embodiments of the present invention, first node, which is assigned, builds
The scheme of the instruction information of vertical target link exchange, can be as follows：
Above-mentioned first node indicates the second node that above-mentioned objective circuit link exchange is passed through, and establishes for data transmission
Above-mentioned objective circuit link exchange includes：
Second node hair of the above-mentioned source first node into the above-mentioned source sub-network that above-mentioned objective circuit link exchange is passed through
The first node for sending instruction information, and including by the sub-network that above-mentioned objective circuit link exchange is passed through is to above-mentioned objective circuit
The second node that link exchange is passed through sends instruction information, establishes the above-mentioned objective circuit link exchange for data transmission.
In embodiments of the present invention, due to dividing region to network-on-chip, then in embodiments of the present invention, circuit
The available mode information of link exchange can propose in the form of as unit of sub-network, the second node at sub-network edge
Entrance as input or the outlet as output are had, then these entrance and exits are then the entrances of sub-network and go out
Mouthful, circuit can further be reduced based on this and establish delay.In addition, available mode information uses subnet in the present embodiment
The network mode that (sequentially identical as the sub-network sequence that the path of destination node to source node is passed through) forwards step by step realizes feedback, keeps away
Exempt from source first node while being connected to multiple wireless signals and generating to interfere to cause to receive wrong situation, as shown in figure 3, dotted arrow
Direction is the feedback routing direction of available mode information, specific as follows：
The above-mentioned first node for making to receive above-mentioned wireless broadcast information return above-mentioned source node to above-mentioned purpose node it
Between path pass through circuit-switched link available mode information, including：
Make the first node for receiving above-mentioned wireless broadcast information, according to above-mentioned purpose node between above-mentioned source node
The available mode information for the circuit-switched link that path successively forwards；The available mode information of foregoing circuit link exchange, is used for
Record is located at sub-network edge and as the outlet of sub-network or the available mode of entrance.
As an example, it is illustrated in figure 4 the schematic diagram of a sub-network, in Fig. 4, A~L is sub-network edge
Outlet or entrance, in Fig. 4 there are four direction edge interface, if the interface at one of edge as entrance, separately
Outer three directions can be used as exporting.So available mode information available mode information for then can be above A~L is used to table
Show the available mode of the circuit-switched link in this sub-network.
In embodiments of the present invention, first node, can be in the available mode information process for obtaining circuit-switched link
It is the available mode information for obtaining the circuit-switched link that all free routings between source node to destination node pass through,
It can precalculate and determine lesser range, then obtain the available mode information of the circuit-switched link in smaller range again,
With the speed of Speed-up Establishment objective circuit link exchange, concrete scheme can be as follows：
Above-mentioned first node obtains the circuit-switched link that above-mentioned source node passes through to the path between above-mentioned purpose node
Available mode information include：
Above-mentioned source first node passes through minimum adaptive routing algorithm and calculates above-mentioned source node between above-mentioned purpose node
The path of the minimum sub-network of approach；
Above-mentioned source first node sends wireless broadcast information to other first nodes：Above-mentioned source first node is to calculating
The first node that the sub-network that obtained path is passed through includes sends wireless broadcast information.
As an example, it please refers to shown in Fig. 3, the direction of data transfer request is dotted arrows side shown in Fig. 3
To realization arrow direction is the sending direction of wireless broadcast information.
It is specific as follows the embodiment of the invention also provides the format for transmitting information between first node：
The information field for including in above-mentioned wireless broadcast information has：The instruction of the available mode letter of enquiry circuit link exchange
The address letter of the address information, destination node of the first node that the sub-network that information, the above-mentioned path being calculated are passed through includes
Breath.
In embodiments of the present invention, the possible quantity of the sub-network that the path being calculated may be passed through is more, first node
Address information can share an extended field together with destination node, the address information of each first node individually occupy one
A extended field item；Subsequent embodiment will be illustrated in more detail with regard to this.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the preferred implementation schemes that connection is established between first node and second node, specifically
It is as follows：It is above-mentioned can the link of direct communication include：Bus.Bus between first node and second node is mainly used for, and first
Node collects the available mode information of the circuit-switched link between second node, and issues instruction information to second node,
The requirement of second node information as indicated is set to establish circuit-switched link.
Following embodiment as an example will illustrate in more detail the embodiment of the present invention with an example.
The embodiment of the present invention mainly for the technical issues of be：The network-on-chip needs of packet switch occupy a large amount of
Buffer, thus power consumption and area overhead are all very big.In addition, the foundation of circuit-switched link lacks the perception to network state,
Therefore the time of link establishment is long, influences the performance of communication.
The scheme that the embodiment of the present invention proposes is based on wireless packet switch and circuit-switched link (wire circuit exchange)
Combining transmission method is transmitted data wire link in a manner of circuit switching, is reached by wireless link transmission path
Transmission is established, on piece buffer is reduced and reduces the purpose of propagation delay time and power consumption to quick.On piece in embodiments of the present invention
The node of network is divided into two classes：One kind is wired routing node, and one kind is wireless routing node；Wired routing node corresponds to aforementioned
Second node in embodiment, wireless routing node correspond to the first node in previous embodiment, and basic conception is as follows：
1, entire network-on-chip is divided into several sub-networks, each sub-network includes a wireless routing node, the nothing
The foundation and revocation of route circuit switched path in sub-network where node control, and the link occupied information of management subnet network
With available link information；
2, it when source node needs to initiate the transmission across sub-network, is exchanged by the wireless routing node of each sub-network available
Link information establishes circuit switched path.
Specific implementation is as follows：
In embodiments of the present invention, network-on-chip is divided into several sub-networks, and each sub-network includes one wireless
Routing node and several wired routing nodes.Circuit-switched link can be established between adjacent wired routing node, carry out data biography
It is defeated.Wireless routing node is connected directly by bus with other nodes (wired routing node) in sub-network, wired to receive
The transmission of routing node requests and is configured with the circuit switched path of line routing node.In addition, wireless routing node is also responsible for receiving
Link occupancy situation in subnets safeguards available link information.Wired routing node corresponds to second in previous embodiment
Node, wireless routing node correspond to the first node in previous embodiment, can be with refering to structure shown in Fig. 2~5.In Fig. 2~5
Shown in structure, the dotted line between wireless routing node and wired routing node is bus.
The example that following embodiment will provide a circuit-switched link establishment process, in conjunction with network-on-chip structure to this
Inventive embodiments are described in detail, and include the following steps：
Step 1：According to the present invention, as some node (source node) on chip needs to pass to other nodes (destination node)
Transmission of data, the source node send to the wireless routing node of itself affiliated sub-network and pass firstly the need of by aforementioned arrangements bus
Defeated request.It please refers to shown in Fig. 3, the direction of data transfer request is dotted arrows direction shown in Fig. 3.The wireless routing node
After receiving transmission request, calculated using Minimal Adaptive Routing (minimum adaptive routing) algorithm by way of subnet
The least path of network, and successively transmission is established in selection, trial from shortest path according to the method for Y after " Y after first X " elder generation X.
Network-on-chip shown in fig. 5 is please referred to, if placed it in coordinate system, the method flow of above " Y after first X " is such as
Under：
1, it first attempts to be moved horizontally in same a line (X-direction) with close purpose subnet, until the subnet institute that achieves the goal
It is arranging；Then it is vertically moved on the column (Y-direction), until the subnet that achieves the goal；
2, such as above-mentioned path is unavailable, then again attempts to move horizontally on a line (X-direction) same first close to purpose
Net, until the adjacent column for the subnet column that achieves the goal；Then 1 row is moved in the Y direction close to purpose subnet；Then in the side X
To mobile 1 row with the subnet column that achieves the goal；It is finally vertically moved on the column (Y-direction), until the subnet that achieves the goal；
3, such as above-mentioned path is unavailable, then again attempts to move horizontally on a line (X-direction) same first close to purpose
Net, until the adjacent column for the subnet column that achieves the goal；Then 2 rows are moved in the Y direction close to purpose subnet；Then in the side X
To mobile 1 row with the subnet column that achieves the goal；It is finally vertically moved on the column (Y-direction), until the subnet that achieves the goal；
4, such as above-mentioned path is unavailable, and so on attempted, all possible path is traversed, until finding available road
Until diameter.
In addition, the method for " X after first Y " is also available, or carries out Path selection using other algorithms, the present invention is real
It applies example and does not make uniqueness restriction to this.
Step 2：Wireless routing node need to be inquired wired after selected one group is related to the sub-network of transmission between each sub-network
The available mode of link：The wireless routing node of source sub-network initiates inquiry broadcast, and broadcast packet is specified to be related to the sub-network of transmission
Address, each wireless routing node receive broadcast after judge oneself whether be related to transmitting, if so, then successively return wire link can
With state to source wireless routing node.
It please refers to shown in Fig. 3, realizes that arrow direction is the sending direction of wireless broadcast information, dotted arrow direction is available
The feedback routing direction of status information,
In embodiments of the present invention, the main reason for feedback procedure of wire link available mode forwards step by step be：If
Each wireless routing node replys wire link available mode to broadcast originator immediately after receiving broadcast, then is easy to produce
The case where multiple wireless routing nodes are replied simultaneously, causes the interference of wireless transmission signal, connect broadcast originator can not correctly
It receives；Secondly, whether the wire link of each sub-network can be used, it is related with the wire link available mode of subnet adjacent thereto
, such as：It is assumed that only L can be used for inputting in three nodes J, K, L on the left of subnet x in Fig. 4, remaining is all occupied；And
For the subnet x-1 on the left of subnet x, only F can be used for exporting in D, E, F of right side node, remaining is all occupied.This
In the case of, wire link can not be established between x and x-1.
Step 3：Source wireless routing node receive be related to transmission sub-network feedback after, source wireless routing node according to
The wire link available information of feedback is calculated, and available wire link is judged whether there is.As existed, then the wireless routing
Node establishes request to the wireless routing node broadcasting link for the sub-network for being related to transmission, and relevant wireless routing node receives this
Order is issued to corresponding wired routing node after request, establishes circuit-switched transfer access.
As an example, as shown in figure 5, dotted arrow direction is that wireless routing node is sent to wired routing node
The direction of order.The path of runic solid line connection is objective circuit link exchange.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the specific optional formats that information is transmitted between wireless routing node, as shown in fig. 7,
The field for including is as follows：
Flit type：Show the type of the packet, such as inquires purpose sub-network and sub-network has with the presence or absence of available on the way
Wired link；
Src Waddr：The wireless routing node address of source sub-network；
Dst Waddr：The wireless routing node address of purpose sub-network；
Dst Naddr：The address of destination node；
Inter Waddr：The wireless routing node address of sub-network on the way, Inter Waddr can number in order 1~
n。
In addition, the wireless routing node in the embodiment of the present invention can also be used to safeguard the wire link shape in sub-network
State, a kind of possible maintaining method are as follows：
1, the input in some direction of each wired routing node or when occupied output port, which is not useable for building
Found new wired transmission links；
2, it is in the node at sub-network edge for each, calculate its input port and is located at the defeated of other edges
It whether there is effective wire link between exit port, and save the information；
3, between sub-network step by step feedback link available information when, wireless routing node, which compares upper level sub-network, can use entrance
Outlet can be used with this sub-network, this sub-network, which is calculated, to use entrance, feed back to rear class sub-network.
By taking the sub-network of a 3x3 scale as an example, possess 9 sub- network edge ports as shown in figure 4,
For each entrance, it is respectively present 9 available ports (entrance at same edge not can be used as outlet), format is such as
Shown in the following table 1：
Table 1
| Entrance available outlet | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L |
| A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| … |
In the above maintenance scheme, in conjunction with Fig. 4 and table 1.Assuming that the subnet in Fig. 4 is n, reception right side subnet n+1's can
With entrance, the available entrance of itself is calculated according to table 1 and feeds back to the subnet n-1 being positioned above：
If the available entrance of the n+1 received is K and J, the outlet of corresponding n is E and F；
Then the available outlet of n, i.e. E column and F column are searched in table 1；
In E column and F column, the path of entrance A, C to F are only existed, there is no any paths to E.Therefore, feedback can be used into
Mouth A, C to subnet n-1.
Scheme based on the embodiment of the present invention can be had the beneficial effect that with bring：
The embodiment of the present invention, divides region for network-on-chip, available wire link resource is collected in region, in each area
The transmission path of circuit switching is established between domain with wireless transceiver (wireless routing node), link establishment delay is low.In addition, nothing
Radio Link between line routing node is used to establish the wire link for data transmission, and wire link is used for transmission data minus
It carries, due to being not necessarily to buffer on wire link, greatly reduces hardware spending, power consumption and the transmission delay of circuit.
For example, traditional packet/circuit-switched technology needs similarly for two dimension Mesh (multi-hop, a multi-hop) network
Want the time of 24 jumps to complete link establishment and start to transmit data, and the present invention only needs 9 jumps can be completed, as Fig. 8 A, 8B with
And shown in 8C：
Wherein 8A is the structural schematic diagram of wireline pathway that network-on-chip involves setting up, in a circle marked as node
Label.
What Fig. 8 B and Fig. 8 C illustrated is all the time that circuit connection is established, and is measured with the transmission hop count in network.Its
Middle Fig. 8 B is the time that traditional packet/circuit-switched technology circuit connection is established, and Fig. 8 C is that circuit connection of the embodiment of the present invention is built
The vertical time.
It please refers to shown in Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B, in order to establish the circuit-switched transfer road from 0 node to C node in left figure
Diameter, traditional packet/circuit-switched technology, which needs to send from 0, establishes packet S0C to C node, then by C feedback be successfully established message to
0 node could complete link establishment, start to transmit.In above process, S0CIt needs to get to C node by 12 jump set are defeated
It (jumps to by 1 up to node 1, process 2, which jumps to jump to by 12 up to node C), Fig. 8 B up to node 2 ..., shows S0C、A0CBao
The position at each moment, wherein horizontal axis is time (hop count), and the longitudinal axis is position.
It please refers to shown in Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 C, scheme, node 0 send request packet by bus first through the embodiment of the present invention
R0CTo wireless routing node U；Then U transmission is broadcast to V, Y, Z node；Z, successively primary subnet feedback link is available forward by Y, V
State AZY、AYV、AVU；U node learns that this path is available by feedback states, establishes packet S to V, Y, Z transmission linkUV、SUY、
SUZ；U, V, Y, Z pass through bus transmission link foundation order to the line node respectively controlled respectively, complete link establishment.
In Fig. 8 B and Fig. 8 C, square region shows the position of each message package at various moments, and wherein horizontal axis is (to jump the time
Number), the longitudinal axis is position, and the setting of most lastrow circuit is illustrated as the part of circuit foundation, and data are illustrated as the part of data transmission.
Traditional packet/circuit-switched technology needed for 24 times jumped completed link establishment and starts transmission data, and this hair
Bright needs 9 jumps can be completed, therefore can greatly save the link establishment time, improves the performance of network-on-chip.
It is worth noting that, above-mentioned apparatus is only divided according to the functional logic, but it is not limited to above-mentioned draw
Point, as long as corresponding functions can be realized；In addition, the specific name of each functional unit is also only to facilitate mutual area
Point, the protection scope being not intended to restrict the invention.
In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that realizing all or part of the steps in above-mentioned each method embodiment
It is that relevant hardware can be instructed to complete by program, corresponding program can store in a kind of computer readable storage medium
In, storage medium mentioned above can be read-only memory, disk or CD etc..
The above is only the preferable specific embodiments of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art the variation that can readily occur in or replaces in the technical scope that the embodiment of the present invention discloses
It changes, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claim
Subject to enclosing.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of network-on-a-chip, which is characterized in that including：
First node, second node；Between the first node and second node exist can direct communication link；Described second
Node is the node that can directly or indirectly establish circuit-switched link；Data transmission sources are source node, the target of data transmission
For purpose node, the source node and the destination node belong to second node；
The first node, for receiving the data transfer request from source node, the data transfer request carries data and passes
The information of defeated destination node；Obtain the source node between the destination node path pass through circuit-switched link can
With status information, and determine the source node to the target that can be established between the destination node by the available mode information
Circuit-switched link；It indicates the second node that the objective circuit link exchange is passed through, establishes the mesh for data transmission
Mark circuit-switched link；
The network-on-chip is at least two sub-networks according to region division, includes a first node in each sub-network；Source
The first node that sub-network where node includes is source first node, and the sub-network where the source node is source sub-network；
The first node is used to indicate the second node that the objective circuit link exchange is passed through, and establishes and transmits for data
The objective circuit link exchange include：The source first node, the institute for passing through to the objective circuit link exchange
It states the second node in the sub-network of source and sends instruction information, and include by the sub-network that the objective circuit link exchange is passed through
The second node that passes through to the objective circuit link exchange of first node send instruction information, establish for data transmission
The objective circuit link exchange.
2. network-on-a-chip according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Exist between the first node and second node can the link of direct communication include：Second node in sub-network with should
First node in sub-network exist can direct communication link；
The first node, the circuit-switched link passed through for obtaining the source node to the path between the destination node
Available mode information include：The source first node makes to receive for sending wireless broadcast information to other first nodes
The first node of the wireless broadcast information returns to the source node and hands over to the circuit that the path between the destination node is passed through
Change the available mode information of link.
3. network-on-a-chip according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
The first node, for making the first node for receiving the wireless broadcast information return to the source node to the mesh
Node between path pass through circuit-switched link available mode information, including：Make to receive the radio broadcasting letter
The first node of breath, the circuit-switched link successively forwarded according to the source node to the path between the destination node can
Use status information；The available mode information of the circuit-switched link is located at sub-network edge and as subnet for recording
The outlet of network or the available mode of entrance.
4. the network-on-a-chip according to Claims 2 or 3, which is characterized in that
The first node, the circuit-switched link passed through for obtaining the source node to the path between the destination node
Available mode information include：The source first node is arrived for calculating the source node by minimum adaptive routing algorithm
The path of the minimum sub-network of approach between the destination node；
The source first node, for including to other first nodes transmission wireless broadcast information：The source first node, is used for
The first node that the sub-network passed through to the path being calculated includes sends wireless broadcast information.
5. network-on-a-chip according to claim 4, which is characterized in that
The first node, the information field for including in the wireless broadcast information of transmission have：Enquiry circuit exchanging chain
The address letter for the first node that the sub-network that the instruction information of the available mode letter on road, the path being calculated are passed through includes
The address information of breath, destination node.
6. according to claim 1 to network-on-a-chip described in 3 any one, which is characterized in that
Between the first node and second node it is existing can the link of direct communication be bus.
7. a kind of method for building up of network-on-chip communication link, which is characterized in that including：
First node receives the data transfer request from source node, and the data transfer request carries data and transmits destination node
Information；The source node and the destination node belong to second node, and the second node is directly or indirectly to build
The node of vertical circuit-switched link；Between the first node and second node exist can direct communication link；
The first node obtain the source node between the destination node path pass through circuit-switched link can
With status information, and determine the source node to the target that can be established between the destination node by the available mode information
Circuit-switched link；
The first node indicates the second node that the objective circuit link exchange is passed through, and establishes for the described of data transmission
Objective circuit link exchange；
The network-on-chip is at least two sub-networks according to region division, includes a first node in each sub-network；Source
The first node that sub-network where node includes is source first node, and the sub-network where the source node is source sub-network；
The first node indicates the second node that the objective circuit link exchange is passed through, and establishes for the described of data transmission
Objective circuit link exchange includes：
Second node transmission of the source first node into the source sub-network that the objective circuit link exchange is passed through refers to
Show information, and is exchanged by the first node that the sub-network that the objective circuit link exchange is passed through includes to the objective circuit
The second node that link passes through sends instruction information, establishes the objective circuit link exchange for data transmission.
8. method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
Exist between the first node and second node can the link of direct communication include：Second node in sub-network with should
First node in sub-network exist can direct communication link；
The first node obtain the source node between the destination node path pass through circuit-switched link can
Include with status information：Source first node sends wireless broadcast information to other first nodes, makes to receive the radio broadcasting
The first node of information returns to the available of the circuit-switched link that the source node passes through to the path between the destination node
Status information.
9. method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the first node for making to receive the wireless broadcast information
The available mode information for the circuit-switched link that the source node passes through to the path between the destination node is returned, including：
Make the first node for receiving the wireless broadcast information, according to the destination node to the path between the source node
The available mode information of the circuit-switched link successively forwarded；The available mode information of the circuit-switched link, for recording
Positioned at sub-network edge and as the outlet of sub-network or the available mode of entrance.
10. method according to claim 8 or claim 9, which is characterized in that the first node obtains the source node to the mesh
Node between the available mode information of circuit-switched link passed through of path include：
The source first node passes through minimum adaptive routing algorithm and calculates the source node to approach between the destination node
The path of minimum sub-network；
The source first node sends wireless broadcast information to other first nodes：The source first node is to being calculated
Path pass through sub-network include first node send wireless broadcast information.
11. method according to claim 10, which is characterized in that the information field for including in the wireless broadcast information has：
The instruction information of the available mode letter of enquiry circuit link exchange, the sub-network of the path process being calculated include the
One address of node information, the address information of destination node.
12. method according to claim 8 or claim 9, which is characterized in that it is described can the link of direct communication include：Bus.
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| CN201410503972.2A CN105450555B (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2014-09-26 | A kind of method for building up of network-on-a-chip and network-on-chip communication link |
| PCT/CN2015/081081 WO2016045411A1 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2015-06-09 | Network on chip system, and method for establishing network on chip communication link |
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| CN116170366A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-05-26 | 成都海光集成电路设计有限公司 | Network on chip, computer motherboard and computer equipment |
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| CN102882783B (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2016-01-20 | 上海交通大学 | Based on topological structure, the method for routing of the network-on-chip of the three dimensional integrated circuits of TSV |
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| CN101834789B (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2012-11-21 | 南京大学 | Packet-circuit exchanging on-chip router oriented rollback steering routing algorithm and router used thereby |
| CN102368739A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-03-07 | 南京大学 | Broadcast mechanism routing algorithm orienting to packet-circuit switch on-chip router |
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| CN105450555A (en) | 2016-03-30 |
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