CN105449823B - Photovoltaic charging system and operation method and device thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic charging system and operation method and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
本发明给出光伏充电系统，其包括光伏基板、储能电池和用于外接电动车充电端的充电端口，并具有充电连接关系如下：充电连接A.光伏基板经DC‑DC变换接至储能电池，充电连接B.储能电池经DC‑DC变换接至充电端口，充电连接C.光伏基板经DC‑DC变换接至充电端口。该光伏充电系统充电变换过程简单，效率高。该光伏充电系统优选地，由两个DC‑DC变换器并列地实现充电连接A。本发明还给出该优选的光伏充电系统的运行方法；该运行方法中的步骤，可以建立功能模块，组合成功能模块构架，主要通过存储在计算机可读存储介质中的计算机程序来实现。
The present invention provides a photovoltaic charging system, which includes a photovoltaic substrate, an energy storage battery, and a charging port for externally connecting the charging terminal of an electric vehicle, and has a charging connection relationship as follows: charging connection A. The photovoltaic substrate is connected to the energy storage battery through DC-DC conversion , charging connection B. The energy storage battery is connected to the charging port through DC-DC conversion, and the charging connection C. The photovoltaic substrate is connected to the charging port through DC-DC conversion. The photovoltaic charging system has a simple charging conversion process and high efficiency. In the photovoltaic charging system, preferably, the charging connection A is realized by two DC-DC converters in parallel. The present invention also provides an operating method of the preferred photovoltaic charging system; the steps in the operating method can establish functional modules and combine them into a functional module framework, which is mainly realized by computer programs stored in computer-readable storage media.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种光伏充电系统及其运行方法，该运行方法中的步骤，可以建立功能模块，组合成功能模块构架，主要通过存储在计算机可读存储介质中的计算机程序来实现。The invention relates to a photovoltaic charging system and its operating method. The steps in the operating method can establish functional modules and combine them into a functional module framework, which is mainly realized by computer programs stored in computer-readable storage media.
背景技术Background technique
随着能源危机的加剧和环保意识的增强，电动车获得了广泛的发展和使用。电动车的充电需要充电站。为充分利用能源，目前的充电站上方的遮阳棚通常铺设光伏基板。With the intensification of the energy crisis and the enhancement of environmental awareness, electric vehicles have been widely developed and used. Charging an electric vehicle requires a charging station. In order to make full use of energy, the sunshade above the current charging station is usually laid with photovoltaic substrates.
目前采用并网逆变器将光伏基板产生的直流电逆变成交流电输送到电网上。充电站需将交流电变换为直流电再输出，从光伏基板到充电站输出的过程相当于经过了直流到交流，又由交流到直流的多级变换，这使整个系统效率较低。At present, grid-connected inverters are used to invert the DC power generated by the photovoltaic substrate into AC power and transmit it to the grid. The charging station needs to convert alternating current into direct current and then output it. The process from photovoltaic substrate to charging station output is equivalent to a multi-level transformation from direct current to alternating current, and then from alternating current to direct current, which makes the entire system less efficient.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是简化光伏充电系统的充电变换过程，提高效率。The purpose of the invention is to simplify the charging transformation process of the photovoltaic charging system and improve the efficiency.
本发明提供一种光伏充电系统请参见图1，包括光伏基板、储能电池和用于外接电动车充电端的充电端口，并具有充电连接关系如下：The present invention provides a photovoltaic charging system, please refer to Figure 1, which includes a photovoltaic substrate, an energy storage battery and a charging port for externally connecting the charging terminal of an electric vehicle, and has a charging connection relationship as follows:
充电连接A. 光伏基板经DC-DC变换接至储能电池，Charging connection A. The photovoltaic substrate is connected to the energy storage battery through DC-DC conversion,
充电连接B. 储能电池经DC-DC变换接至充电端口，Charging connection B. The energy storage battery is connected to the charging port through DC-DC conversion,
充电连接C. 光伏基板经DC-DC变换接至充电端口。Charging connection C. The photovoltaic substrate is connected to the charging port through DC-DC conversion.
所述的光伏充电系统的光伏基板产生的电能可以直接为电动车充电，也可以储存在储能电池里，储能电池里的电能也可以为电动车充电，无需使用交流电，简化了变换过程，提高了效率。The electric energy generated by the photovoltaic substrate of the photovoltaic charging system can directly charge the electric vehicle, or can be stored in the energy storage battery, and the electric energy in the energy storage battery can also charge the electric vehicle without using alternating current, which simplifies the conversion process. Increased efficiency.
本发明提供的光伏充电系统具体请参见图2，具有能够双向变换的第一DC-DC变换器1，其第一侧接储能电池，第二侧能够切换至光伏基板以实现充电连接A和切换至充电端口以实现充电连接B。由于充电连接A、B不会同时进行，该具体的光伏充电系统就用一个双向变换器来实现充电连接A、B，可节省一个变换器。The photovoltaic charging system provided by the present invention can refer to Fig. 2 for details. It has a first DC-DC converter 1 capable of bidirectional conversion, the first side of which is connected to the energy storage battery, and the second side can be switched to the photovoltaic substrate to realize the charging connection A and Switch to charging port for charging connection B. Since the charging connection A and B will not be performed at the same time, this specific photovoltaic charging system uses a bidirectional converter to realize the charging connection A and B, which can save one converter.
本发明提供另一种具体的光伏充电系统请参见图3，具有第一DC-DC变换器和第二DC-DC变换器2，具体如下：The present invention provides another specific photovoltaic charging system, please refer to FIG. 3, which has a first DC-DC converter and a second DC-DC converter 2, specifically as follows:
第一DC-DC变换器实现充电连接A；The first DC-DC converter realizes the charging connection A;
第二DC-DC变换器2输入侧接光伏基板，输出侧能够切换至储能电池以实现充电连接A和切换至充电端口以实现充电连接C，从而使得第一、第二DC-DC变换器能够并列地实现充电连接A。该光伏充电系统的运行方法如下：当只需让光伏基板给储能电池充电，电动车无需充电时，若第一、第二DC-DC变换器当中只运行一个不足以承受光伏基板提供的电能，则执行步骤A1.用第一、第二DC-DC变换器一起实现充电连接A，从而让光伏基板通过这两个DC-DC变换器一起给储能电池充电；当只需让光伏基板给储能电池充电，电动车无需充电时，若第一、第二DC-DC变换器当中运行任一个即足以承受光伏基板提供的电能，则执行步骤A2.同一时刻只用其中一个DC-DC变换器实现充电连接A，具体地，第一、第二DC-DC变换器轮流实现充电连接A，从而让光伏基板通过这两个DC-DC变换器轮流给储能电池充电。充电系统可以因应光伏基板产生电能大小的不同，充分利用变换器的容量，灵活地使用变换器，既节省成本，又使器件损耗小。该运行方法中的步骤，可以建立功能模块，组合成功能模块构架，主要通过存储在计算机可读存储介质中的计算机程序来实现。The input side of the second DC-DC converter 2 is connected to the photovoltaic substrate, and the output side can be switched to the energy storage battery to realize the charging connection A and switched to the charging port to realize the charging connection C, so that the first and second DC-DC converters Charging connections A can be realized in parallel. The operation method of the photovoltaic charging system is as follows: when only the photovoltaic substrate is required to charge the energy storage battery, and the electric vehicle does not need to be charged, if only one of the first and second DC-DC converters is running, it is not enough to withstand the electric energy provided by the photovoltaic substrate. , then execute step A1. Use the first and second DC-DC converters together to realize the charging connection A, so that the photovoltaic substrate can charge the energy storage battery together through the two DC-DC converters; When the energy storage battery is charged and the electric vehicle does not need to be charged, if either one of the first and second DC-DC converters is sufficient to withstand the electric energy provided by the photovoltaic substrate, then perform step A2. Only one of the DC-DC converters is used at the same time Specifically, the first and second DC-DC converters realize the charging connection A in turn, so that the photovoltaic substrate can charge the energy storage battery in turn through the two DC-DC converters. The charging system can make full use of the capacity of the converter and flexibly use the converter in response to the difference in the amount of electric energy generated by the photovoltaic substrate, which not only saves costs, but also reduces device loss. The steps in the operation method can establish functional modules and combine them into a functional module framework, which is mainly realized by computer programs stored in computer-readable storage media.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为光伏充电系统的充电连接关系示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the charging connection relationship of the photovoltaic charging system;
图2为第一DC-DC变换器1在光伏充电系统中的连接关系示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the first DC-DC converter 1 in the photovoltaic charging system;
图3为第二DC-DC变换器2在光伏充电系统中的连接关系示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the second DC-DC converter 2 in the photovoltaic charging system;
图4为光伏充电系统的连接关系示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the photovoltaic charging system;
图5为光伏充电系统模式1的线路连接及能量流向示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of line connection and energy flow of photovoltaic charging system mode 1;
图6为光伏充电系统模式2的线路连接及能量流向示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of line connection and energy flow of photovoltaic charging system mode 2;
图7为光伏充电系统夜间模式的线路连接及能量流向示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of line connection and energy flow in the night mode of the photovoltaic charging system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
光伏充电系统如图4所示：具有能够双向变换的第一DC-DC变换器1，其第一侧接储能电池，第二侧能够切换至光伏基板以实现充电连接A和切换至充电端口以实现充电连接B；具有第二DC-DC变换器2，其输入侧接光伏基板，输出侧能够切换至储能电池以实现充电连接A和切换至充电端口以实现充电连接C。具体线路连接如图5、图6或图7所示，第一DC-DC变换器1的第一侧连接到储能电池，第一DC-DC变换器1的第二侧连接到开关S1、S2各自的2脚。S1、S2各自的3脚连接到光伏基板，S1、S2各自的1脚连接到充电端口。第二DC-DC变换器2的输入端连接到光伏基板，第二DC-DC变换器2的输出端连接到S3、S4各自的2脚。S3、S4各自的3脚连接到储能电池，S3、S4各自的1脚连接到充电端口。S1、S2、S3和S4为可控开关，各自能切换到1脚或3脚，以实现连接关系的转换。开关S1、S2、S3和S4可以采用继电器、接触器、功率管等。The photovoltaic charging system is shown in Figure 4: it has the first DC-DC converter 1 capable of bidirectional conversion, its first side is connected to the energy storage battery, and the second side can be switched to the photovoltaic substrate to realize the charging connection A and switching to the charging port To realize the charging connection B; there is a second DC-DC converter 2, the input side of which is connected to the photovoltaic substrate, and the output side can be switched to the energy storage battery to realize the charging connection A and switched to the charging port to realize the charging connection C. The specific line connection is shown in Figure 5, Figure 6 or Figure 7, the first side of the first DC-DC converter 1 is connected to the energy storage battery, and the second side of the first DC-DC converter 1 is connected to the switch S1, S2's respective 2 pins. The 3 pins of S1 and S2 are connected to the photovoltaic substrate, and the 1 pins of S1 and S2 are connected to the charging port. The input end of the second DC-DC converter 2 is connected to the photovoltaic substrate, and the output end of the second DC-DC converter 2 is connected to pins 2 of S3 and S4 respectively. The 3 pins of S3 and S4 are connected to the energy storage battery, and the 1 pins of S3 and S4 are connected to the charging port. S1, S2, S3 and S4 are controllable switches, each of which can be switched to pin 1 or pin 3 to realize the conversion of the connection relationship. The switches S1, S2, S3 and S4 can adopt relays, contactors, power tubes and the like.
在有阳光的白天，当没有电动车充电时，进行模式1：只有光伏基板对储能电池充电，市电充电设备处于待机状态。图4所示的光伏充电系统切换至如图5的状态，开关S1、S2、S3和S4闭合到3脚，第一DC-DC变换器1和第二DC-DC变换器2一起实现充电连接A。光伏基板通过第一DC-DC变换器1和第二DC-DC变换器2一起给储能电池充电，从而把光伏基板产生的电能储存到储能电池里。设计时，变换器的额定功率可以按接入的光伏基板功率的一半设计，如果接入的光伏基板的功率是6000W，每个变换器可以按3000W的额定功率设计，无需使用6000W的变换器，可节省成本。采用两个变换器的好处是可以充分利用变换器的容量。由于光伏基板产生的能量是不断变化的，早晨能量较小，随着阳光增强，能量逐渐变大，一般到中午到达最大输出功率，然后又随着阳光的减弱而减少，在没有电动车充电时，当光伏基板产生的能量小于其额定功率的一半时，一个变换器足以承受光伏基板产生的能量，可以轮流使用这两个变换器的其中之一为储能电池充电，另一个待机休息以降低损耗，当光伏基板产生的能量大于额定功率的一半时，使用两个变换器一起为储能电池充电。In sunny days, when there is no electric vehicle charging, mode 1 is performed: only the photovoltaic substrate charges the energy storage battery, and the mains charging equipment is in a standby state. The photovoltaic charging system shown in Figure 4 is switched to the state shown in Figure 5, the switches S1, S2, S3 and S4 are closed to pin 3, and the first DC-DC converter 1 and the second DC-DC converter 2 realize the charging connection together a. The photovoltaic substrate charges the energy storage battery through the first DC-DC converter 1 and the second DC-DC converter 2, so that the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic substrate is stored in the energy storage battery. When designing, the rated power of the converter can be designed according to half of the power of the connected photovoltaic substrate. If the power of the connected photovoltaic substrate is 6000W, each converter can be designed according to the rated power of 3000W, without using a 6000W converter. Cost savings can be achieved. The advantage of using two converters is that the capacity of the converters can be fully utilized. Since the energy generated by the photovoltaic substrate is constantly changing, the energy is small in the morning, and gradually increases as the sunlight increases. Generally, it reaches the maximum output power at noon, and then decreases as the sunlight weakens. When there is no electric vehicle charging , when the energy generated by the photovoltaic substrate is less than half of its rated power, one converter is sufficient to withstand the energy generated by the photovoltaic substrate, and one of the two converters can be used in turn to charge the energy storage battery, while the other rests on standby to reduce When the energy generated by the photovoltaic substrate is greater than half of the rated power, two converters are used to charge the energy storage battery together.
当有电动车充电时，进行模式2：光伏基板、储能电池、市电充电设备一起为电动车充电，且光伏基板产生的能量只为电动车充电，不再为储能电池充电。见图4、6，开关S1、S2、S3和S4闭合到1脚，第二DC-DC变换器2实现充电连接C，第一DC-DC变换器1实现充电连接B。光伏基板通过第二DC-DC变换器2为电动车充电，储能电池通过第一DC-DC变换器1为电动车充电，当光伏和储能电池的充电电流不足时，市电充电设备加入一起为电动车充电。当有电动车充电时，光伏基板产生的能量只能通过第二DC-DC变换器2输送到电动车上，此时光伏基板产生的能量在中午阳光猛烈时可能会超过第二DC-DC变换器2的额定功率，但由于变换器具有一定的过载能力，仍可以将光伏基板产生的能量输送到电动车上，快速充电一般在30分钟内完成，在这个时间内，器件温度还不会上升到保护值。另外，阳光猛烈时，S1、S2可分别切换至3脚，从而第一DC-DC变换器1实现充电连接A，第二DC-DC变换器2实现充电连接C，使光伏基板同时为电动车和储能电池充电。When there is an electric vehicle charging, proceed to mode 2: the photovoltaic substrate, energy storage battery, and mains charging equipment charge the electric vehicle together, and the energy generated by the photovoltaic substrate only charges the electric vehicle, not the energy storage battery. See Figures 4 and 6, the switches S1, S2, S3 and S4 are closed to pin 1, the second DC-DC converter 2 realizes the charging connection C, and the first DC-DC converter 1 realizes the charging connection B. The photovoltaic substrate charges the electric vehicle through the second DC-DC converter 2, and the energy storage battery charges the electric vehicle through the first DC-DC converter 1. When the charging current of the photovoltaic and energy storage battery is insufficient, the mains charging equipment joins Charge your electric car together. When an electric vehicle is charging, the energy generated by the photovoltaic substrate can only be delivered to the electric vehicle through the second DC-DC converter 2. At this time, the energy generated by the photovoltaic substrate may exceed the second DC-DC conversion when the sun is fierce at noon. The rated power of the inverter 2, but because the inverter has a certain overload capacity, it can still transmit the energy generated by the photovoltaic substrate to the electric vehicle. The fast charging is generally completed within 30 minutes. During this time, the temperature of the device will not rise. to the protection value. In addition, when the sun is strong, S1 and S2 can be switched to 3 pins respectively, so that the first DC-DC converter 1 realizes the charging connection A, and the second DC-DC converter 2 realizes the charging connection C, so that the photovoltaic substrate can be used as an electric vehicle at the same time. and energy storage batteries.
在电价低谷时期，一般是午夜时分，光伏基板无电能输出（夜间模式）。见图4、7，开关S1、S2、S3、S4闭合到1脚，第二DC-DC变换器2处于停机状态，第一DC-DC变换器1实现充电连接B(但与图4中所示的方向相反)，市电充电设备通过第一DC-DC变换器1为储能电池充电。此时若需对电动车充电，则市电充电设备优先为电动车充电。在电价高峰时间，如早上，此时光伏基板产生的能量还很小，优先采用储能电池里的电能为电动车充电，这样一方面降低了电价成本，另一方面将储能电池里的能量充分释放，为储存光伏基板产生的电能做准备。During the low electricity price period, usually at midnight, the photovoltaic substrate has no power output (night mode). See Figures 4 and 7, the switches S1, S2, S3, and S4 are closed to pin 1, the second DC-DC converter 2 is in a shutdown state, and the first DC-DC converter 1 realizes the charging connection B (but it is different from that in Figure 4 opposite to the direction shown), the mains charging device charges the energy storage battery through the first DC-DC converter 1. If the electric vehicle needs to be charged at this time, the electric vehicle will be charged by the mains charging equipment first. During the peak hours of electricity prices, such as in the morning, when the energy generated by the photovoltaic substrate is still very small, the electric energy in the energy storage battery is preferentially used to charge the electric vehicle. Fully released to prepare for storing the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic substrate.
当电网停电时，本发明的光伏充电系统可以通过光伏基板和储能电池提供的电能，继续为电动车充电。When the power grid fails, the photovoltaic charging system of the present invention can continue to charge the electric vehicle through the electric energy provided by the photovoltaic substrate and the energy storage battery.
第二DC-DC变换器2可以采用非隔离拓扑，也可以采用隔离拓扑。若第一DC-DC变换器1、第二DC-DC变换器2和市电充电设备的输出共地，可以取消开关S2和S4。The second DC-DC converter 2 may adopt a non-isolated topology or an isolated topology. If the outputs of the first DC-DC converter 1 , the second DC-DC converter 2 and the mains charging device share the same ground, the switches S2 and S4 can be eliminated.
对于本发明给出的方法中的步骤，可以建立功能模块，组合成功能模块构架，主要通过存储在计算机可读存储介质中的计算机程序来实现。For the steps in the method provided by the present invention, functional modules can be established and combined into a functional module framework, which is mainly realized by computer programs stored in computer-readable storage media.
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