CN104967112A - Direct current micro-grid coordination control method of light storage electric car charging station - Google Patents
Direct current micro-grid coordination control method of light storage electric car charging station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a direct current micro-grid coordination control method of a light storage electric car charging station, and relates to the micro-grid technology field. The technical problem is solved that a direct current bus voltage is kept smooth and stable. The method employs a storage battery and flywheels for hybrid energy storage, a direct voltage is divided into five levels from high to low, layered coordination optimization control of a direct current bus is carried out, and coordination optimization control of photovoltaic power generation, electric car charging and discharging, load power requirements and grid side converter charging and discharging in a charging station direct current micro-grid is carried out. The method can keep balance of the system power in different operation modes of charging station micro-grid island and grid connection and achieves stable control of a direct current bus voltage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to micro-capacitance sensor technology, particularly relate to the technology of the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of a kind of light storage formula electric automobile charging station.
Background technology
In direct-current micro-grid, the balance of energy controls to be summed up as the adjustment of DC bus-bar voltage and the management of the quality of power supply, and direct voltage is the sole indicator of reflection system internal power balance.In 5th phase " modern electric " in 2014, " photovoltaic DC microgrid coordinates the research of DC voltage control strategy " is civilian, with the direct-current grid of photovoltaic generating system, energy-storage system, alternating current-direct current load composition for research object, on the basis analyzing DC micro-electric Running State, propose direct voltage coordination control strategy, this strategy is according to the sagging change of the layering of DC bus-bar voltage, realizing the cooperation control between each converter, is the easy flexible control mode of one of direct-current grid.But droop control cannot realize the constant control to direct voltage, the unavoidable voltage fluctuation that will cause in the face of the switching of generation of electricity by new energy fluctuation or load of micro-grid system, is difficult to meet power and energy two aspect requirement simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
For the defect existed in above-mentioned prior art, technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating that can maintain the light storage formula electric automobile charging station of DC bus-bar voltage smooth steady.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of a kind of light storage formula electric automobile charging station provided by the present invention, relate to light storage formula electric automobile charging station, photovoltaic generating system is configured with in described light storage formula electric automobile charging station, and for the EV charge-discharge system of electric automobile charge and discharge control, it is characterized in that: in light storage formula electric automobile charging station, configure mixed energy storage system, and in mixed energy storage system, configure batteries to store energy unit and flywheel energy storage unit; The functional role of mixed energy storage system is distributed by the method for step S1; Hierarchical coordinative optimal control is carried out by the method for step S2;
Step S1: the functional role distributing mixed energy storage system
When mixed energy storage system supports as the DC bus-bar voltage of light storage formula electric automobile charging station, be the charge-discharge electric power of the single order Butterworth lowpass filters separation mixed energy storage system of T by a time constant;
Utilize flywheel energy storage unit smooth high frequencies power fluctuation and low frequency power, utilize batteries to store energy unit to maintain DC bus-bar voltage smooth steady;
When mixed energy storage system is in idle Reserve State, firm power discharge and recharge is carried out to flywheel energy storage unit, remain unchanged after making it reach rotating speed of target, then constant current discharge and recharge is carried out to batteries to store energy unit, make it reach target residual electric quantity
;
Step S2: hierarchical coordinative optimal control
Setting DC bus normal voltage
for 600V, and to set switching point stagnant loop voltag Δ U be 3V, according to system power balance principle, with DC side bus normal voltage for nominal reference threshold values, direct voltage is divided into from high to low 5 levels, adopts the control mode of the direct voltage level belonging to its current voltage value to carry out coordination optimization control to DC bus;
5 levels of direct voltage represent with perunit value, first direct voltage level is 1.06-1.10, and the second direct voltage level is 1.02-1.06, and the 3rd direct voltage level is 1.00-1.02,4th direct voltage level is 0.98-1.02, and the 5th direct voltage level is 0.94-0.98;
The control mode of the first direct voltage level: carry out voltage stabilizing by the unidirectional DC/DC converter of photovoltaic generating system and control, maintaining DC bus-bar voltage is 1.06
+ Δ U;
Now carry out charging to EV charge-discharge system to control, maximum current charging is carried out to batteries to store energy unit and in target residual electric quantity
charging is stopped after reaching 80%, maintenance rotation speed operation is carried out to flywheel energy storage unit and keeps storage power constant, adopt U/f to control when system isolated island to net side AC/DC converter, when system grid connection is run, PQ control is adopted to net side AC/DC converter or with constant maximum current to AC transmission power;
The control mode of the second direct voltage level: carry out voltage/current droop control by two-way DC/DC converter by batteries to store energy unit, maintains the stable of busbar voltage; Now by the charge-discharge electric power of the level and smooth batteries to store energy unit of flywheel energy storage unit, photovoltaic generating system works in MPPT maximum power point tracking pattern, charge or discharge control is carried out to EV charge-discharge system, identical with the control mode of the first direct voltage level to the control mode of net side AC/DC converter;
Three, the control mode of the 4th direct voltage level: system running pattern, for being incorporated into the power networks, is carried out the stability contorting of voltage/current sagging power control realization DC bus-bar voltage by net side AC/DC converter; Now, mixed energy storage system enters grid-connected stand-by state, and to carry out discharge and recharge stand-by, the target residual electric quantity of batteries to store energy unit
desired value be set to 70% and adopt constant current discharge and recharge, the target revolution of flywheel energy storage unit is set to 80% and adopts firm power discharge and recharge, batteries to store energy unit and flywheel energy storage unit stop discharge and recharge after reaching desired value respectively, and maintain dbjective state and carry out stand-by, photovoltaic generating system works in MPPT maximum power point tracking pattern, and EV charge-discharge system also carries out free discharge and recharge;
The difference of the control mode of the 5th direct voltage level and the control mode of the second direct voltage level is: in the control mode of the 5th direct voltage level, when the energy of traffic overload in system beyond system supplies at once to realize power Control of decreasing load, alternating current-direct current load in system is divided into important load and secondary load two grades from height to low by importance by the control mode of the 5th direct voltage level, secondary load is preferentially excised, simultaneously the voltage stabilization of the discharge and recharge scheduled maintenance DC bus of control EV charge-discharge system when needs carry out power off-load.
The direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of light storage formula electric automobile charging station provided by the invention, in conjunction with the hierarchical control of flywheel-accumulator hybrid energy-storing mode and DC bus-bar voltage, realize photovoltaic generation in charging station direct-current grid, electric automobile discharge and recharge, the coordination optimization of load power demand and grid side converter discharge and recharge controls, at charging station micro-capacitance sensor isolated island, under grid-connected different operational mode, the equal balance that can maintain system power, realize the stability contorting of DC bus-bar voltage, and mixed energy storage system when supporting as busbar voltage under island operation state, flywheel energy storage smooth high frequencies power fluctuation and part low frequency power, battery balance reference power then can maintain the smooth steady of busbar voltage better.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the light storage formula electric automobile charging station in the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of the light storage formula electric automobile charging station of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is in the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of light storage formula electric automobile charging station of the embodiment of the present invention, the transfer function Bode diagram of batteries to store energy unit and flywheel energy storage unit;
Fig. 3 is the DC bus hierarchical coordinative Optimal Control Strategy figure in the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of the light storage formula electric automobile charging station of the embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 3 a is wherein the charge power figure that net side AC/DC carries to AC, the control characteristic figure of Fig. 3 b to be the charge power figure of batteries to store energy unit, Fig. 3 c be photovoltaic generation, charging electric vehicle power, the corresponding different voltage layer of load off-load power;
Fig. 4 is in the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of light storage formula electric automobile charging station of the embodiment of the present invention, the PQ control block diagram of net side AC/DC converter, in this figure
for active power reference signal,
for reactive power reference signal,
for AC three-phase voltage,
for AC d shaft voltage,
for AC flows through the three-phase current of filter inductance,
for d axle filter inductance electric current,
for q axle filter inductance electric current,
for converter AC port exports d axle reference voltage,
for converter AC port exports q axle reference voltage;
Fig. 5 is in the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of light storage formula electric automobile charging station of the embodiment of the present invention, the U/f control block diagram of net side AC/DC converter, in this figure,
for d axle filter capacitor electric current,
for q axle filter capacitor electric current;
Fig. 6 is in the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of light storage formula electric automobile charging station of the embodiment of the present invention, the sagging power control block figure of voltage/current of net side AC/DC converter, in this figure
for DC side busbar voltage,
for AC/DC converter charging current,
for the sagging coefficient of voltage/current;
Fig. 7 is in the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of light storage formula electric automobile charging station of the embodiment of the present invention, the voltage/current droop control block diagram of the two-way DC/DC converter of batteries to store energy unit, in this figure
for the sagging coefficient of voltage/current,
for battery charging current,
first, second level of=1.06*600V() or 0.96*600V(layer 5);
Fig. 8 is in the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of light storage formula electric automobile charging station of the embodiment of the present invention, the control block diagram of flywheel energy storage unit, in this figure
for fly-wheel motor stator d shaft voltage reference signal,
for fly-wheel motor stator q shaft voltage reference signal,
for fly-wheel motor stator d shaft current,
for fly-wheel motor stator q shaft current,
for fly-wheel motor stator d axle inductance,
for fly-wheel motor stator q axle inductance,
for the number of pole-pairs of fly-wheel motor,
for the mechanical angle speed of flywheel;
Fig. 9 is in the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of light storage formula electric automobile charging station of the embodiment of the present invention, the control structure block diagram of photovoltaic DC/DC converter.
Figure 10 is in the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of light storage formula electric automobile charging station of the embodiment of the present invention, the stage constant current charge control block diagram of electric automobile, in this figure
for accumulator of electric car charging current,
for DC/DC convertor controls voltage;
Figure 11 be the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of the light storage formula electric automobile charging station of the embodiment of the present invention in isolated island situation containing the simulation result figure that battery completely fills, Figure 11 a is wherein the generated output oscillogram of photovoltaic generating system, Figure 11 b is load required power oscillogram, Figure 11 c is the charge power oscillogram of EV charge-discharge system, Figure 11 d is the charge power oscillogram of flywheel energy storage unit, Figure 11 e is Speed of Reaction Wheels oscillogram, Figure 11 f is storage battery dump energy oscillogram, Figure 11 g is battery charging current oscillogram, Figure 11 h is DC bus-bar voltage oscillogram,
Figure 12 is that the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of the light storage formula electric automobile charging station of the embodiment of the present invention crosses containing battery the simulation result figure put in isolated island situation, Figure 12 a is wherein the generated output oscillogram of photovoltaic generating system, Figure 12 b is load required power oscillogram, Figure 12 c is the charge power oscillogram of EV charge-discharge system, Figure 12 d is the charge power oscillogram of flywheel energy storage unit, Figure 12 e is Speed of Reaction Wheels oscillogram, Figure 12 f is storage battery dump energy oscillogram, Figure 12 g is battery charging current oscillogram, Figure 12 h is DC bus-bar voltage oscillogram,
Figure 13 is the simulation result figure that the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of the light storage formula electric automobile charging station of the embodiment of the present invention adopts PQ to control at grid-connected situation off line side AC/DC converter, Figure 13 a is wherein the generated output oscillogram of photovoltaic generating system, Figure 13 b is load required power oscillogram, Figure 13 c is the charge power oscillogram of EV charge-discharge system, Figure 13 d is the charge power oscillogram of flywheel energy storage unit, Figure 13 e is Speed of Reaction Wheels oscillogram, Figure 13 f is storage battery dump energy oscillogram, Figure 13 g is battery charging current oscillogram, Figure 13 h is DC bus-bar voltage oscillogram,
Figure 14 is the simulation result figure of direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating hybrid energy-storing charging in grid-connected situation of the light storage formula electric automobile charging station of the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 14 a is wherein the generated output oscillogram of photovoltaic generating system, Figure 14 b is load required power oscillogram, Figure 14 c is the charge power oscillogram of EV charge-discharge system, Figure 14 d is the charge power oscillogram of flywheel energy storage unit, Figure 14 e is Speed of Reaction Wheels oscillogram, Figure 14 f is storage battery dump energy oscillogram, Figure 14 g is battery charging current oscillogram, Figure 14 h is ac bus charge power oscillogram, Figure 14 i is DC bus-bar voltage oscillogram.
Embodiment
Illustrate below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiments of the invention are described in further detail; but the present embodiment is not limited to the present invention; every employing analog structure of the present invention and similar change thereof, all should list protection scope of the present invention in, the pause mark in the present invention all represent and relation.
As shown in Figure 1, the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of a kind of light storage formula electric automobile charging station that the embodiment of the present invention provides, relate to light storage formula electric automobile charging station, photovoltaic generating system is configured with in described light storage formula electric automobile charging station, and for the EV charge-discharge system of electric automobile charge and discharge control, it is characterized in that: in light storage formula electric automobile charging station, configure mixed energy storage system, and in mixed energy storage system, configure batteries to store energy unit and flywheel energy storage unit; The functional role of mixed energy storage system is distributed by the method for step S1; Hierarchical coordinative optimal control is carried out by the method for step S2;
Step S1: the functional role distributing mixed energy storage system
When mixed energy storage system supports as the DC bus-bar voltage of light storage formula electric automobile charging station, be the charge-discharge electric power of the single order Butterworth lowpass filters separation mixed energy storage system of T by a time constant, that is:
Wherein,
for the charge power of batteries to store energy unit,
for the charge power of mixed energy storage system,
for the charge power of flywheel energy storage unit,
for Laplacian;
Utilize flywheel energy storage unit smooth high frequencies power fluctuation and low frequency power, utilize batteries to store energy unit to maintain DC bus-bar voltage smooth steady;
When mixed energy storage system is in idle Reserve State, firm power discharge and recharge is carried out to flywheel energy storage unit, remain unchanged after making it reach rotating speed of target, then constant current discharge and recharge is carried out to batteries to store energy unit, make it reach target residual electric quantity
;
Fig. 2 is the transfer function Bode diagram of batteries to store energy unit and flywheel energy storage unit, the filtering angular frequency of to be corresponding time constant the be T of the ω f in this figure, as can be seen from Figure 2, when mixed energy storage system supports as DC bus-bar voltage, flywheel energy storage unit offset angle frequency can be greater than all high-frequency fluctuation components of ω f, and share a part of low-frequency fluctuation, thus make batteries to store energy unit bear DC component and part low frequency component, input power is smoothly relatively stable, and then maintains the smooth steady of DC bus-bar voltage;
Step S2: hierarchical coordinative optimal control (see Fig. 3)
Setting DC bus normal voltage
for 600V, and to set switching point stagnant loop voltag Δ U be 3V, according to system power balance principle, with DC side bus normal voltage for nominal reference threshold values, direct voltage is divided into from high to low 5 levels, adopts the control mode of the direct voltage level belonging to its current voltage value to carry out coordination optimization control to DC bus;
5 levels of direct voltage represent with perunit value, first direct voltage level is 1.06-1.10, and the second direct voltage level is 1.02-1.06, and the 3rd direct voltage level is 1.00-1.02,4th direct voltage level is 0.98-1.02, and the 5th direct voltage level is 0.94-0.98;
The control mode of the first direct voltage level: the current voltage value of DC bus belongs to this level and then shows that system power is superfluous,
Then carry out voltage stabilizing by the unidirectional DC/DC converter of photovoltaic generating system to control, maintaining DC bus-bar voltage is 1.06
+ Δ U, its system power equation of equilibrium is:
Wherein,
for the power output of photovoltaic generating system,
for the DC side workload demand power of photovoltaic generating system,
for the AC workload demand power of photovoltaic generating system,
for the charge power that photovoltaic generating system exports to EV charge-discharge system,
for the charge power of batteries to store energy unit;
Now carry out charging to EV charge-discharge system to control, maximum current charging is carried out to batteries to store energy unit and in target residual electric quantity
charging is stopped after reaching 80%, maintenance rotation speed operation is carried out to flywheel energy storage unit and keeps storage power constant, (this control method is prior art to adopt U/f to control when system isolated island to net side AC/DC converter, see Fig. 5), adopt PQ to control (this control method is prior art, see Fig. 4) when system grid connection is run to net side AC/DC converter or with constant maximum current to AC transmission power;
The control mode of the second direct voltage level: carry out voltage/current droop control (this control method is prior art, see Fig. 7) by two-way DC/DC converter by batteries to store energy unit, maintain the stable of busbar voltage, its system power equation of equilibrium is:
Wherein,
for the charge power of batteries to store energy unit,
for the power output of photovoltaic generating system,
for the DC side workload demand power of photovoltaic generating system,
for the charge power that photovoltaic generating system exports to EV charge-discharge system,
for the AC workload demand power of photovoltaic generating system,
for the power that DC side bus inputs to AC bus through net side AC/DC,
for the charge power of flywheel energy storage unit;
Now by the charge-discharge electric power of the level and smooth batteries to store energy unit of flywheel energy storage unit, photovoltaic generating system works in MPPT maximum power point tracking pattern, charge or discharge control is carried out to EV charge-discharge system, identical with the control mode of the first direct voltage level to the control mode of net side AC/DC converter;
Three, the control mode of the 4th direct voltage level: system running pattern is for being incorporated into the power networks, carry out the sagging power of voltage/current by net side AC/DC converter and control that (this control method is prior art, see Fig. 6) realize the stability contorting of DC bus-bar voltage, its system power equation of equilibrium is:
Wherein,
for the power that DC side bus inputs to AC bus through net side AC/DC,
for the power output of photovoltaic generating system,
for the DC side workload demand power of photovoltaic generating system,
for the charge power that photovoltaic generating system exports to EV charge-discharge system,
for the charge power of mixed energy storage system;
Now, mixed energy storage system enters grid-connected stand-by state, and to carry out discharge and recharge stand-by, the target residual electric quantity of batteries to store energy unit
desired value be set to 70% and adopt constant current discharge and recharge, the target revolution of flywheel energy storage unit is set to 80% and adopts firm power discharge and recharge, batteries to store energy unit and flywheel energy storage unit stop discharge and recharge after reaching desired value respectively, and maintain dbjective state and carry out stand-by, photovoltaic generating system works in MPPT maximum power point tracking pattern, and EV charge-discharge system also carries out free discharge and recharge;
The control mode of the 5th direct voltage level and the control mode of the second direct voltage level similar, its difference is: in the control mode of the 5th direct voltage level, when the energy of traffic overload in system beyond system supplies at once to realize power Control of decreasing load, alternating current-direct current load in system is divided into important load and secondary load two grades from height to low by importance by the control mode of the 5th direct voltage level, secondary load is preferentially excised, simultaneously the voltage stabilization of the discharge and recharge scheduled maintenance DC bus of control EV charge-discharge system when needs carry out power off-load.
Fig. 8 is the control principle block diagram of flywheel energy storage unit, and Fig. 9 is the control structure block diagram of photovoltaic DC/DC converter, and Figure 10 is the stage constant current charge control block diagram of electric automobile.
The method of the embodiment of the present invention adopts Matlab/Simulink to carry out emulation experiment, and experiment parameter is as follows:
The rated output power of photovoltaic generating system is 20kW, and the rated capacity of net side AC/DC converter is 30kW;
The electrokinetic cell employing rated voltage of electric automobile is the ferric phosphate lithium cell group of 360V, charge and discharge system adopts based on the stage constant current charge-discharge of dump energy that (which is prior art, see Figure 10), size of current is respectively 15A, 10A and 5A, electric automobile charging pile is set to 4, during islet operation, due to power system capacity restriction, only open 1 charging station carries out discharge and recharge;
Energy storage battery also adopts the storage battery identical with electric automobile power battery specification, and power system capacity is 100Ah, and the specified power that stores is 20kW, adopts 0.15C(to be 15A during grid-connected discharge and recharge) current constant control mode;
The maximum Power Limitation of storing of flywheel energy storage is 10kW, and maximum speed is 10000r/min, and minimum speed is 5000r/min, and its stand-by rated rotational frequency is 8000 r/min;
DC side load is resistor-type L1, and because DC load is through DC/DC converter access DC bus, its terminal voltage is steady state value, can be considered again invariable power type, and amount of capacity is 5kW; AC load is that invariable power type exchanges L2, L3, and capacity is 5kW; AC-DC type load successively decreases successively by L1, L2, L3 importance.
Figure 11 is that simulation scenarios is: during t=1.2s, the target residual electric quantity of energy storage battery containing the simulation result figure that battery completely fills in isolated island situation
reach 80%, for protection battery stops charging; Fly-wheel motor is followed storage battery and is entered maintenance rotating speed pattern; DC bus-bar voltage raises and enters the first direct voltage level, controls by photovoltaic converter voltage stabilizing the balance maintaining busbar voltage; After t=2.2s, charging electric vehicle electric current becomes 10A from 15A, and busbar voltage slightly raises thereupon; After t=3.2s, load L3 closes, and PL becomes 15kW, and busbar voltage decreases, and still works in the first direct voltage level; After t=4.2s, photovoltaic input power is reduced to 10kW, and system exists power shortage, and flywheel starts rapidly supplementary electric discharge, and makes DC bus-bar voltage
progressively be transitioned into the 5th direct voltage level, maintain the stable of busbar voltage by battery discharging.
As seen from Figure 11, system dc busbar voltage is obvious at the photovoltaic converter voltage stabilizing control effects of the first direct voltage level, prevents the DC bus-bar voltage caused because photovoltaic input power is superfluous to continue to raise.
Figure 12 crosses containing battery the simulation result figure put in isolated island situation, and simulation scenarios is: after t=2.2s, and DC bus-bar voltage is transitioned into the 5th direct voltage level by the second direct voltage level, enters battery discharging mode; After t=5.8s, the target residual electric quantity of energy storage battery
drop to 40%, cross film playback for preventing storage battery and ring the life-span, excise L3 rapidly; Now storage battery is still in electric discharge, after 0.05s (i.e. t=5.85s), continues excision load L2, under the gentle transition of flywheel, and DC bus-bar voltage
through the 4th, the 3rd direct voltage level, enter the second direct voltage level, enter battery charging mode.
As shown in Figure 12, at system stored energy storage battery under to one's heart's content condition, system effectively can excise load, maintain DC bus-bar voltage stable while, improve accumulator cell charging and discharging environment, extend the useful life of storage battery further.
Figure 13 is the simulation result figure adopting PQ to control at grid-connected situation off line side AC/DC converter, and simulation scenarios is: making the net side idle power output of AC/DC constant is 5kvar, and an only open charging pile job, during t=0.2s ~ 2.2s, photovoltaic system electricity generation power
=20kW, the active power that net side AC/DC carries to AC
=10kW; Charging electric vehicle electric current is 15A, and effective charge power is 5.4kW; Fly-wheel motor energy storage power
decline gradually, rotating speed n rises in subtracting acceleration, progressively seamlessly transits to energy storage battery by photovoltaic dump power; Battery charging current
increase gradually, thereupon DC bus-bar voltage
level and smooth rising, works in the second direct voltage layer; During t=2.2s ~ 4.2s,
be reduced to 10kW, fly-wheel motor responds the vacancy of makeup energy fast, becomes discharge mode from charge mode, and progressively transition power shortage accumulators; Along with the reduction of battery charging current, DC bus-bar voltage passes through the 3rd, the 4th direct voltage level, is transitioned into the 5th direct voltage level, enters battery discharging mode; During t=4.2s ~ 6.2s, load L3 closes,
become 15kW, busbar voltage continues to operate in the 5th direct voltage level and continuous decrease; During t=6.2s ~ 8.2s, electric automobile changes charge mode, and charging current becomes 10A, and the effective charge power of electric automobile is 3.6kW; Flywheel switches to charge mode rapidly by discharge mode, the power of level and smooth sudden change; Storage battery continues electric discharge, and change is mild; During t=8.2s ~ 12.2s,
be reduced to 5kW,
become 10kW, system produces necessarily less impulse current, but recovers rapidly.
As shown in Figure 13, under grid-connect mode, when adopting PQ to control, net side is equivalent to AC load, is similar to islet operation pattern; Along with the change of photovoltaic input power and system loading, and the change of charging electric vehicle operating mode, the fly-wheel motor in mixed energy storage system and the complimentary of storage battery, well can maintain system works in the balance of voltage of the second, the 5th direct voltage layer, transition is mild, successful.
Figure 14 is the simulation result figure of hybrid energy-storing charging in grid-connected situation, and simulation scenarios is: load L2, L3 are powered by bulk power grid, only retains DC load L1 by DC bus powered, and 4 charging pile openings simultaneously; During t=0.2 ~ 2.2s, system grid connection emulation starts,
=20kW, workload demand power
=5kW, the effective charge power of electric automobile adds up to 14.4kW; Storage battery is with 15A constant current charge, and fly-wheel motor charges with 5kW invariable power;
<0kW, AC is powered to DC side, and DC bus-bar voltage works in the 4th direct voltage level, maintains DC bus-bar voltage by two-way AC/DC converter
stable; During t=2.2s ~ 4.2,
be reduced to 10kW, now AC to be powered increase to DC side, and DC bus-bar voltage is slightly landed, and continues to operate in the 4th direct voltage level; During t=4.2 ~ 8.2s,
continue to be reduced to 5kW, the effective charge power of electric automobile is increased to 21.6kW; Now DC bus power residue load exceedes the output power limit of reversible transducer, mixed energy storage system switches to balance bus power mode, flywheel starts the changed power of level and smooth storage battery port, because DC bus-bar voltage continues to maintain the 4th direct voltage level, battery current is 0A; After t=8.2s,
go up for 10kW, the effective charge power of electric automobile is-21.6kW, changes discharge mode into; Mixed energy storage system changes control strategy for continuing charging, and soon storage battery and fly-wheel motor reach target residual electric quantity successively respectively
with rotating speed of target n value, stop charging, DC bus-bar voltage slightly changes thereupon, continues to operate in the 3rd, the 4th direct voltage level.
As shown in Figure 14, under grid-connect mode, mixed energy storage system effectively can carry out charging and controls, and in conjunction with change and the acting in conjunction of two-way AC/DC converter of its control strategy, the balance of maintenance DC bus-bar voltage further.
Claims (1)
1. the direct-current micro-grid control method for coordinating of a light storage formula electric automobile charging station, relate to light storage formula electric automobile charging station, photovoltaic generating system is configured with in described light storage formula electric automobile charging station, and for the EV charge-discharge system of electric automobile charge and discharge control, it is characterized in that: in light storage formula electric automobile charging station, configure mixed energy storage system, and in mixed energy storage system, configure batteries to store energy unit and flywheel energy storage unit; The functional role of mixed energy storage system is distributed by the method for step S1; Hierarchical coordinative optimal control is carried out by the method for step S2;
Step S1: the functional role distributing mixed energy storage system
When mixed energy storage system supports as the DC bus-bar voltage of light storage formula electric automobile charging station, be the charge-discharge electric power of the single order Butterworth lowpass filters separation mixed energy storage system of T by a time constant;
Utilize flywheel energy storage unit smooth high frequencies power fluctuation and low frequency power, utilize batteries to store energy unit to maintain DC bus-bar voltage smooth steady;
When mixed energy storage system is in idle Reserve State, firm power discharge and recharge is carried out to flywheel energy storage unit, remain unchanged after making it reach rotating speed of target, then constant current discharge and recharge is carried out to batteries to store energy unit, make it reach target residual electric quantity
;
Step S2: hierarchical coordinative optimal control
Setting DC bus normal voltage
for 600V, and to set switching point stagnant loop voltag Δ U be 3V, according to system power balance principle, with DC side bus normal voltage for nominal reference threshold values, direct voltage is divided into from high to low 5 levels, adopts the control mode of the direct voltage level belonging to its current voltage value to carry out coordination optimization control to DC bus;
5 levels of direct voltage represent with perunit value, first direct voltage level is 1.06-1.10, and the second direct voltage level is 1.02-1.06, and the 3rd direct voltage level is 1.00-1.02,4th direct voltage level is 0.98-1.02, and the 5th direct voltage level is 0.94-0.98;
The control mode of the first direct voltage level: carry out voltage stabilizing by the unidirectional DC/DC converter of photovoltaic generating system and control, maintaining DC bus-bar voltage is 1.06
+ Δ U;
Now carry out charging to EV charge-discharge system to control, maximum current charging is carried out to batteries to store energy unit and in target residual electric quantity
charging is stopped after reaching 80%, maintenance rotation speed operation is carried out to flywheel energy storage unit and keeps storage power constant, adopt U/f to control when system isolated island to net side AC/DC converter, when system grid connection is run, PQ control is adopted to net side AC/DC converter or with constant maximum current to AC transmission power;
The control mode of the second direct voltage level: carry out voltage/current droop control by two-way DC/DC converter by batteries to store energy unit, maintains the stable of busbar voltage; Now by the charge-discharge electric power of the level and smooth batteries to store energy unit of flywheel energy storage unit, photovoltaic generating system works in MPPT maximum power point tracking pattern, charge or discharge control is carried out to EV charge-discharge system, identical with the control mode of the first direct voltage level to the control mode of net side AC/DC converter;
Three, the control mode of the 4th direct voltage level: system running pattern, for being incorporated into the power networks, is carried out the stability contorting of voltage/current sagging power control realization DC bus-bar voltage by net side AC/DC converter; Now, mixed energy storage system enters grid-connected stand-by state, and to carry out discharge and recharge stand-by, the target residual electric quantity of batteries to store energy unit
desired value be set to 70% and adopt constant current discharge and recharge, the target revolution of flywheel energy storage unit is set to 80% and adopts firm power discharge and recharge, batteries to store energy unit and flywheel energy storage unit stop discharge and recharge after reaching desired value respectively, and maintain dbjective state and carry out stand-by, photovoltaic generating system works in MPPT maximum power point tracking pattern, and EV charge-discharge system also carries out free discharge and recharge;
The difference of the control mode of the 5th direct voltage level and the control mode of the second direct voltage level is: in the control mode of the 5th direct voltage level, when the energy of traffic overload in system beyond system supplies at once to realize power Control of decreasing load, alternating current-direct current load in system is divided into important load and secondary load two grades from height to low by importance by the control mode of the 5th direct voltage level, secondary load is preferentially excised, simultaneously the voltage stabilization of the discharge and recharge scheduled maintenance DC bus of control EV charge-discharge system when needs carry out power off-load.
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