CN105444738B - Method for Measuring Stratum Horizontal Displacement Using Active Inclinometer and Active Inclinometer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method utilizing movable inclinometer to measure stratum horizontal displacement, utilization activity inclinometer carries out horizontal total displacement and the measurement of horizontal-shift displacement, and according to measuring the horizontal displacement of numerical computations stratum.The present invention also discloses movable inclinometer, including plate reading, GPS position finder, inclinometer pipe and deviational survey cable, cable bearer and GPS position finder adapter sleeve, plate reading is positioned at inclinometer pipe side, and both are separately provided, deviational survey cable is installed on cable bearer, GPS position finder adapter sleeve is fixed on inclinometer pipe upper end, one end of deviational survey cable is connected through GPS position finder adapter sleeve with the movable probe being arranged in inclinometer pipe, GPS position finder adapter sleeve is provided with at least one GPS position finder, cable bearer is provided with the bluetooth for deviational survey cable reception signal is transferred to plate reading.Utilize the present invention can effectively shorten drilling depth, reduce Financial cost, make measurement data more meet on-the-spot actual, provide more reliable foundation for side slope, foundation pit support construction.

Description

Method for Measuring Stratum Horizontal Displacement Using Active Inclinometer and Active Inclinometer

technical field

The invention relates to a movable inclinometer, in particular to a method for measuring stratum horizontal displacement by using the movable inclinometer and the movable inclinometer.

Background technique

At present, the inclinometer is an instrument used to measure the top angle and azimuth angle of engineering structures such as boreholes, foundation pits, foundations, walls and dam slopes. The inclinometer mainly includes a probe guide wheel and an inclinometer. The probe and the guide wheel of the measuring head are settled or lifted along the guide groove of the inclinometer guide. The acceleration sensor in the inclinometer guide head can sense the inclination angle of the guide tube at each depth, output a voltage signal, and pass it through a specific sine function. Converted to horizontal displacement.

The existing inclinometer method requires that the horizontal displacement at the bottom of the inclinometer tube be zero within the monitoring period, which requires that the depth of the inclinometer hole be deeper than the disturbance depth of the engineering excavation. In actual engineering, the deeper the drilling depth, the more difficult the drilling, the higher the cost, and it is difficult to meet this requirement. If there is a horizontal displacement at the bottom of the inclinometer hole, this method of inclinometer measurement does not take into account the horizontal displacement at the bottom of the inclinometer. The horizontal displacement obtained by using the data obtained by the above measurement method is only a part of the actual horizontal displacement and cannot be fully and accurately Reflecting the characteristics of engineering practice, correspondingly, there are potential engineering risks in the engineering practice based on the analysis results. Since active inclinometers are widely used in rock and soil slopes, building foundations, mines, excavation of foundation pits, internal horizontal displacement observations of underground structural engineering and subgrade section settlement observations, if the horizontal displacement of a certain stratum is too large, the engineering structure will be damaged. Destabilization and destruction will cause significant national economic losses.

This shows that the prior art needs to be further improved and improved.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of method that utilizes movable inclinometer to measure stratum horizontal displacement and movable inclinometer, its operation is simple and easy, can shorten drilling depth effectively and eliminate existing inclinometer The defect that the instrument cannot measure the horizontal displacement of the formation.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for measuring stratum horizontal displacement using an active inclinometer, comprising the following steps

Step 1, first use the portable GPS locator connection sleeve and the GPS locator to measure the initial coordinate value D ₁ of the inclinometer pipe just buried;

Step 2, after the survey time according to the engineering inclinometer requirements, put the inclinometer pipe into the borehole to be measured, place the reading instrument on the surface, install the GPS locator on the GPS locator connecting sleeve, and the GPS locator connecting sleeve The lower end is fixed on the inclinometer tube, and the upper end of the GPS locator connecting sleeve is connected to the cable conduit. The cable conduit is fixed by the iron ring of the cable bracket, and the cable guide wheel is placed on the cable bracket, and the bluetooth is turned on for measurement;

Step 3: Determine the number of measurements n. Before starting the measurement, use the GPS locator to measure the coordinate value D ₂ at the top of the inclinometer pipe. During the entire measurement times n, move the movable probe along the inclinometer pipe from the first measuring point to The last measuring point moves the distance L each time, and the distance L of each movement is controlled by the scale value on the inclinometer cable; during the movement process, there is actually an offset in the stratum, and the movement of the stratum drives the inclinometer tube to shift , when the movable probe moves to each depth, the bluetooth transmits the voltage signal to the reading instrument U ₊ , which satisfies the formula U ₊ =K ₀ +KgSinθ, where: K ₀ is the accelerometer bias value, K is the acceleration g is the acceleration of gravity; when the active inclinometer is in a vertical state, the theoretical value of the inclinometer probe is zero, but in actual conditions there will be a value close to zero output, which is the offset error of the zero point. That is, K ₀ in the formula, in order to eliminate the influence of K ₀ , turn the movable probe 180°, and perform the second measurement at this point: U _- ＝K ₀ -KgSinθ The offset value K ₀ is eliminated by subtracting the two formulas, and the difference The number U ₊ -U _- = 2KgSinθ, the θ value can be obtained by calculating the above principle formula, then when the active probe moves from the previous measuring point to the next measuring point, the horizontal offset displacement of the active probe Z _i = LSinθ _i , i = 1, 2...n, where n is the number of measuring points, the total horizontal displacement X ₁ of the inclinometer tube is calculated by using the formula X ₁ = D ₁ -D ₂ through the coordinate values D ₁ and D ₂ , within the entire measurement times n, the measured The total displacement of the horizontal deflection of the inclined pipe Then the formation horizontal displacement X _i can be calculated by the following formula, X _i =X ₁ -Z, the depth measured by the active probe is H _i =Lcosθ _i , i=0,1,2...n, n is the measurement point Quantity, total depth measured by active probe

A movable inclinometer, comprising a reading instrument, a GPS locator, an inclinometer pipe, an inclinometer cable, a cable bracket and a GPS locator connecting sleeve, the reading instrument is located on one side of the inclinometer pipe, and the two are set separately, The incline cable is installed on the cable bracket, the GPS locator connecting sleeve is fixed on the upper end of the inclinometer pipe, one end of the inclinometer cable passes through the GPS locator connecting sleeve and is connected with the movable probe set in the inclinometer pipe, and the GPS locator connecting sleeve is At least one GPS locator is provided, and the cable bracket is provided with Bluetooth for transmitting the voltage signal of the inclinometer cable to the reading instrument;

The cable support is provided with a cable guide wheel for supporting the inclinometer cable and an iron ring for fixing the cable conduit.

The lower end of the cable transmission tube is fixedly connected with the upper end of the GPS locator connecting sleeve.

A reading hole is left on the cable transmission pipe to read the lowering length of the inclinometer cable.

The inclinometer cable is provided with a scale value for measuring the moving distance of the movable probe along the inclinometer tube, and the scale value on the cable is read through a reading hole left on the cable transmission tube.

Four guide wheels are installed on the movable probe, wherein two guide wheels are installed on the upper part of the movable probe, and the other two guide wheels are installed on the lower part of the movable probe. The guide groove ensures that the guide wheel moves in it, so that the movable probe can move up and down smoothly in the inclinometer tube, avoiding swing, and effectively improving the accuracy of measurement data.

An accelerometer chamber is arranged in the movable probe, an accelerometer sensor is arranged in the accelerometer chamber, and the movable probe can move up and down along the inclinometer tube driven by the inclinometer cable.

The top of the movable probe is provided with a cable connector for connecting with the inclinometer cable, and the cable connector is internally connected with the acceleration sensor, and the voltage signal measured by the speed sensor is transmitted to the reading instrument through the inclinometer cable and Bluetooth.

The bottom end of the movable probe is provided with a buffer pad, which can prevent impact on the movable probe during work and affect data accuracy, thereby effectively improving work efficiency and data accuracy.

The bottom of the inclinometer tube is provided with a sealing sleeve to prevent the foreign matter in the borehole from entering the inclinometer tube, affecting the measurement, and causing damage to the inclinometer tube, affecting the service life, and ensuring that the movable probe in the inclinometer tube is normal sports.

The inclinometer pipe is made of PVC plastic, which is corrosion-resistant, low in cost, easy to form, light in weight and easy to carry.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the movable inclinometer in the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to operate, and the present invention can effectively shorten the drilling depth, reduce the economic cost, and can fully take into account the movement variation of a certain depth formation over time, Measure the total horizontal displacement and horizontal offset displacement, use the data obtained by the GPS locator to analyze the horizontal displacement, and calculate the horizontal displacement of the stratum according to the measured value, which can fully and accurately reflect the characteristics of engineering practice, and analyze accordingly In the engineering practice based on the results, the influence of the stratum horizontal displacement can be completely eliminated. The method of using the movable inclinometer in the present invention to measure the horizontal displacement of the formation solves the disadvantage that the inclinometer can only work under the assumption that the position of the measuring hole is fixed in the past, makes the measurement data more accurate, and supports construction for slopes and foundation pits provide a more reliable basis. Moreover, accurate data can be measured without drilling too deep holes by using the invention, which effectively reduces the measurement cost. At the same time, using the movable inclinometer in the present invention can effectively save labor, prevent cable knotting during the lifting process of the inclinometer cable, improve work efficiency, avoid contact with sharp objects on the ground surface, cause damage to the inclinometer cable, and affect the normal signal. transmission.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of movable inclinometer in the present invention.

Figure 2 is a top view of the inclinometer tube.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable probe in the present invention.

Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cable support for the inclinometer;

Fig. 5 is a principle diagram of measuring formation horizontal displacement by using the present invention.

Among them, 1. Reader, 2. GPS locator, 3. Inclinometer cable, 4. Cable conduit, 5. Movable probe, 6. GPS locator connection sleeve, 7. Inclinometer tube, 8. Cable bracket, 9. Reading hole, 10. Cable guide wheel, 11. Guide wheel handle, 12. Ground surface, 13. Bluetooth, 14. Iron ring, 15. Bracket body, 16. Guide groove, 17. Guide wheel, 18. Seal Cover, 19, cable connector, 20, accelerometer chamber, 21, buffer pad.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the movable inclinometer includes a reading instrument 1, a GPS locator 2, an inclinometer tube 7, an inclinometer cable 3, a cable bracket 8 and a GPS locator connecting sleeve 6, and the reading instrument 1 Located on one side of the inclinometer tube 7, and both are set separately, the inclinometer cable 3 is installed on the cable bracket 8, the GPS locator connecting sleeve 6 is fixed on the upper end of the inclinometer tube 7, and one end of the inclinometer cable 3 passes through the GPS locator The connection sleeve 6 is connected to the movable probe 5 arranged in the inclinometer pipe 7, and a GPS locator 2 is arranged on the GPS locator connection sleeve 6; the cable bracket 8 is provided with a device for transmitting the voltage signal received by the inclinometer cable 3 to Bluetooth 13 of Reader 1.

Four guide wheels 17 are installed on the movable probe 5, wherein two guide wheels 17 are installed on the top of the movable probe 5, and the other two guide wheels 17 are installed on the bottom of the movable probe 5, and the inwall of the inclinometer tube 7 is provided with a The guide groove 16 matched with the guide wheel 17, the movable probe 5 can move up and down along the inclinometer tube 7 under the drive of the inclinometer cable 3, the movable probe 5 is provided with an accelerometer chamber 20, and the accelerometer chamber 20 An accelerometer sensor is provided, and the inclinometer cable 3 can transmit the voltage signal measured by the accelerometer sensor to the reading instrument 1 through Bluetooth 13 in real time.

The cable support 8 includes a support frame body 15 on which a cable guide wheel 10 for supporting the inclinometer cable 3 and an iron ring 14 for fixing the cable transmission pipe 4 are arranged. One end of the inclinometer cable is connected to the movable probe 5 through the iron ring 14, the cable transmission pipe 4, and the GPS locator connecting sleeve 6 successively. The lower end of the cable transmission pipe 4 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the GPS locator connecting sleeve 6 . A reading hole 9 is left on the cable transmission pipe 4 to read the lowering length of the inclinometer cable 3 . The inclinometer cable 3 is provided with a scale value for measuring the moving distance of the movable probe 5 along the inclinometer tube 7 .

The top of the movable probe 5 is provided with a cable connector 19 for connecting with the inclinometer cable 3 . The bottom end of the movable probe 5 is also provided with a buffer pad 21, which can prevent the movable probe 5 from impacting the data during work.

The bottom of the inclinometer tube 7 is provided with a sealing sleeve 18 to prevent the foreign matter in the borehole from entering the inclinometer tube, affecting the measurement, and causing damage to the inclinometer tube, affecting the service life, and ensuring that the movable probe in the inclinometer tube is normal sports. The inclinometer pipe 7 is made of PVC plastic, which is corrosion-resistant, low in cost, easy to form, light in weight and easy to carry.

As shown in Figure 5, a kind of method utilizing described movable inclinometer to measure stratum horizontal displacement comprises the steps:

Step 1, first use the portable GPS locator connection sleeve and the GPS locator to measure the initial coordinate value D ₁ of the inclinometer pipe just buried;

Step 2, after the survey time according to the engineering inclinometer requirements, put the inclinometer pipe into the borehole to be measured, place the reading instrument on the surface, install the GPS locator on the GPS locator connecting sleeve, and the GPS locator connecting sleeve The lower end is fixed on the inclinometer tube, and the upper end of the GPS locator connecting sleeve is connected to the cable conduit. The cable conduit is fixed by the iron ring of the cable bracket, and the cable guide wheel is placed on the cable bracket, and the bluetooth is turned on for measurement;

Step 3: Determine the number of measurements n. Before starting the measurement, use the GPS locator to measure the coordinate value D ₂ at the top of the inclinometer pipe. During the entire measurement times n, move the movable probe along the inclinometer pipe from the first measuring point to The last measuring point moves the distance L each time, and the distance L of each movement is controlled by the scale value on the inclinometer cable; during the movement process, there is actually an offset in the stratum, and the movement of the stratum drives the inclinometer tube to shift , when the movable probe moves to each depth, the bluetooth transmits the voltage signal to the reading instrument U ₊ , which satisfies the formula U ₊ =K ₀ +KgSinθ (where: K ₀ is the accelerometer bias value, K is the acceleration meter sensitivity, g is the acceleration of gravity); when the active inclinometer is in a vertical state, the theoretical value of the inclinometer probe is zero, but in actual conditions there will be a value close to zero output, which is the offset error of the zero point , that is, K ₀ in the formula, in order to eliminate the influence of K ₀ , turn the movable probe 180°, and conduct the second measurement at this point: U _- =K ₀ -KgSinθ subtract the offset value K ₀ from the two formulas, and get The difference U ₊ -U _- = 2KgSinθ, the θ value can be obtained by calculating the above principle formula, then when the active probe moves from the previous measuring point to the next measuring point, the horizontal offset displacement of the active probe Z _i = LSinθ _i , i = 1 ,2……n, where n is the number of measuring points, the total horizontal displacement X ₁ of the inclinometer is calculated by using the formula X ₁ =D ₁ -D ₂ through the coordinate values D ₁ and D ₂ , within the entire measurement times n, The total displacement of the horizontal deflection of the inclinometer tube Then the formation horizontal displacement X _i can be calculated by the following formula, X _i =X ₁ -Z, the depth measured by the active probe is H _i =Lcosθ _i , i=0,1,2...n, n is the measurement point Quantity, total depth measured by active probe

The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail by the following calculation examples:

1) Calculate the total horizontal displacement of the inclinometer tube by measuring the coordinate values D _{1 and} D ₂ of the inclinometer tube before and after the offset by the GPS locator X ₁ =D ₁ -D ₂ =1.242;

2) The moving distance of the movable probe along the inclinometer pipe is L=0.5m each time, and the number of measurements is n=4. After the data is transmitted from the reading instrument to the computer, the formula U ₊ -U _- = 2KgSinθ is used for calculation and processing to obtain θ ₁ = 22° , θ ₂ =26°, θ ₃ =23°, θ ₄ =25°;

3) Horizontal offset displacement by active probe Z _i =LSinθ _i , (i=0,1,2...n), Z ₁ =0.5sin22=0.187, Z ₂ =0.5sin26=0.219, Z ₃ =0.5sin23= 0.195, _Z4 = 0.5 sin25 = 0.211;

4) The formation horizontal displacement X _i at each depth, the depth measured by the movable probe is H _i = Lcosθ _i , (i = 0, 1, 2...n):

H ₁ =0.00mX ₁ =D ₁ -D ₂ =1.242

H ₂ =-0.464mX ₂ =X ₁ -Z ₁ =1.242-0.187=1.055

H ₃ =-0.913mX ₃ =X ₁ -(Z ₁ +Z ₂ )=1.242-0.406=0.836

H ₄ ＝-1.373mX ₄ ＝X ₁ -(Z ₁ +Z ₂ +Z ₃ )＝1.242-0.601＝0.641

H ₅ ＝-1.808mX ₅ ＝X ₁ -(Z ₁ +Z ₂ +Z ₃ +Z ₄ )＝1.242-0.812＝0.430

The parts not mentioned in the present invention can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art.

Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. one kind utilizes the method that stratum horizontal displacement measured by movable inclinometer, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:

Step 1, first GPS position finder adapter sleeve and GPS position finder with Portable belt measure the inclinometer pipe initial coordinate values D just buried underground₁；

Step 2, after the exploration time required according to engineering deviational survey, inclinometer pipe is put into boring to be measured, and plate reading is placed on earth's surface, and GPS position finder is arranged on GPS position finder adapter sleeve, GPS position finder adapter sleeve lower end is fixed on inclinometer pipe, being connected with cable conducting tube GPS position finder adapter sleeve upper end, cable conducting tube is fixed by the iron ring of cable bearer, and cable bearer is put cable roller, open bluetooth, measurement；

Step 3, formulates pendulous frequency n, before starting measurement, records the coordinate figure D on inclinometer pipe top with GPS position finder₂, in whole pendulous frequency n, by movable probe along inclinometer pipe from first measuring point to each displacement L of last measuring point, the distance L of movement is controlled by the scale value on deviational survey cable every time；In the process of movement, stratum there are in fact side-play amount, and the mobile drive inclinometer pipe on stratum offsets, and when movable probe moves to each depth, bluetooth transmits in the way of voltage signal to plate reading U₊, meet formula U₊=K₀+ KgSin θ, in formula: K₀Partially be worth for accelerometer, K is accelerometer response, g is acceleration of gravity；Movable inclinometer is under vertical state, and the theoretical value of clinometer probe is zero, but has the value output that one close to zero in practical situations both, here it is the offset error of zero point, i.e. K in formula₀, in order to eliminate K₀Impact, movable probe is turned 180 °, this point carry out second time measure: U_-=K₀-KgSin θ two formula is subtracted each other and will be partially worth K₀Eliminate, obtain difference U₊-U_-=2KgSin θ, can be calculated θ value by above-mentioned principle formula, then movable probe from previous measuring point move to next measuring point time, movable probe horizontal-shift displacement Z_i=LSin θ_i, i=1,2 ... n, wherein n is the quantity of measuring point, by coordinate figure D₁And D₂Utilize formula X₁=D₁-D₂Calculate the horizontal total displacement X obtaining inclinometer pipe₁, in whole pendulous frequency n, the horizontal-shift total displacement of inclinometer pipeThen can calculate stratum horizontal displacement X by following formula_i, X_i=X₁-Z, movable probe institute depth measurement degree is H_i=Lcos θ_i, i=0,1,2 ... n, n are the quantity of measuring point, the surveyed total depth of movable probe