CN105444738B - Method for Measuring Stratum Horizontal Displacement Using Active Inclinometer and Active Inclinometer - Google Patents
Method for Measuring Stratum Horizontal Displacement Using Active Inclinometer and Active Inclinometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN105444738B CN105444738B CN201510896343.5A CN201510896343A CN105444738B CN 105444738 B CN105444738 B CN 105444738B CN 201510896343 A CN201510896343 A CN 201510896343A CN 105444738 B CN105444738 B CN 105444738B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种活动测斜仪,尤其是一种利用活动测斜仪测量地层水平位移的方法及活动测斜仪。The invention relates to a movable inclinometer, in particular to a method for measuring stratum horizontal displacement by using the movable inclinometer and the movable inclinometer.
背景技术Background technique
目前,测斜仪是一种用于测量钻孔、基坑、地基基础、墙体和坝体坡等工程构筑物的顶角、方位角的仪器,测斜仪主要包括测头导轮和测斜探头,测头导轮是沿测斜导管的导槽沉降或提升,测斜导头内的加速度传感器可以敏感导管在每一深度处的倾斜角度,输出一个电压信号,通过特定的正弦函数将其换算成水平位移。At present, the inclinometer is an instrument used to measure the top angle and azimuth angle of engineering structures such as boreholes, foundation pits, foundations, walls and dam slopes. The inclinometer mainly includes a probe guide wheel and an inclinometer. The probe and the guide wheel of the measuring head are settled or lifted along the guide groove of the inclinometer guide. The acceleration sensor in the inclinometer guide head can sense the inclination angle of the guide tube at each depth, output a voltage signal, and pass it through a specific sine function. Converted to horizontal displacement.
现有的测斜方法要求在监测周期内,测斜管底部的水平位移为零,这需要测斜孔的深度要深于工程开挖的扰动深度。在实际工程中,钻孔深度越深,钻孔越困难,费用越高,很难达到这一要求。如果测斜孔底部存在水平位移,这种测斜方式并没有考虑到测斜仪底部的水平位移,利用上述测量方法所获得的数据分析出的水平位移只是实际水平位移的一部分,无法全面准确地反映工程实践特征,相应的在以此分析结果为依据的工程实践中,存在潜在的工程风险。由于活动测斜仪广泛应用于岩土边坡、建筑物地基、矿井、基坑开挖以及地下结构工程内部水平位移观测和路基剖面沉降观测中,若某一地层水平位移过大,导致工程结构失稳破坏,会造成重大的国民经济损失。The existing inclinometer method requires that the horizontal displacement at the bottom of the inclinometer tube be zero within the monitoring period, which requires that the depth of the inclinometer hole be deeper than the disturbance depth of the engineering excavation. In actual engineering, the deeper the drilling depth, the more difficult the drilling, the higher the cost, and it is difficult to meet this requirement. If there is a horizontal displacement at the bottom of the inclinometer hole, this method of inclinometer measurement does not take into account the horizontal displacement at the bottom of the inclinometer. The horizontal displacement obtained by using the data obtained by the above measurement method is only a part of the actual horizontal displacement and cannot be fully and accurately Reflecting the characteristics of engineering practice, correspondingly, there are potential engineering risks in the engineering practice based on the analysis results. Since active inclinometers are widely used in rock and soil slopes, building foundations, mines, excavation of foundation pits, internal horizontal displacement observations of underground structural engineering and subgrade section settlement observations, if the horizontal displacement of a certain stratum is too large, the engineering structure will be damaged. Destabilization and destruction will cause significant national economic losses.
由此可见,现有技术有待于进一步的改进和提高。This shows that the prior art needs to be further improved and improved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为克服上述现有技术的不足,提供一种利用活动测斜仪测量地层水平位移的方法及活动测斜仪,其操作简便,可有效缩短钻孔深度并消除现有测斜仪无法测量地层水平位移的缺陷。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of method that utilizes movable inclinometer to measure stratum horizontal displacement and movable inclinometer, its operation is simple and easy, can shorten drilling depth effectively and eliminate existing inclinometer The defect that the instrument cannot measure the horizontal displacement of the formation.
为实现上述目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种利用活动测斜仪测量地层水平位移的方法,包括如下步骤A method for measuring stratum horizontal displacement using an active inclinometer, comprising the following steps
步骤1,首先用便携带的GPS定位仪连接套和GPS定位仪测取刚埋设好的测斜管初始坐标值D1;Step 1, first use the portable GPS locator connection sleeve and the GPS locator to measure the initial coordinate value D 1 of the inclinometer pipe just buried;
步骤2,经过根据工程测斜要求的勘测时间后,将测斜管放入待测钻孔内,测读仪放置在地表,GPS定位仪安装在GPS定位仪连接套上,GPS定位仪连接套下端固定于测斜管上,将GPS定位仪连接套上端与电缆输导管相连,电缆输导管由电缆支架的铁圈固定,电缆支架上放上电缆导轮,打开蓝牙,进行测量;Step 2, after the survey time according to the engineering inclinometer requirements, put the inclinometer pipe into the borehole to be measured, place the reading instrument on the surface, install the GPS locator on the GPS locator connecting sleeve, and the GPS locator connecting sleeve The lower end is fixed on the inclinometer tube, and the upper end of the GPS locator connecting sleeve is connected to the cable conduit. The cable conduit is fixed by the iron ring of the cable bracket, and the cable guide wheel is placed on the cable bracket, and the bluetooth is turned on for measurement;
步骤3,制定测量次数n,在开始测量前,用GPS定位仪测得测斜管顶端的坐标值D2,在整个测量次数n内,将活动探头沿测斜管从第一个测点到最后一个测点每次移动距离L,每次移动的距离L通过测斜电缆上的刻度值进行控制;移动的过程中,地层实际上存在偏移量,地层的移动带动测斜管发生偏移,活动探头移动至每一深度处时,由蓝牙以电压信号的方式传输至测读仪U+,满足公式U+=K0+KgSinθ,式中:K0为加速度计偏值、K为加速度计灵敏度、g为重力加速度;活动测斜仪在竖直状态下,测斜仪探头的理论值为零,但在实际情况下会有一个接近零的值输出,这就是零点的偏移误差,即式中的K0,为了消除K0的影响,将活动探头调转180°,在该点进行第二次测量:U-=K0-KgSinθ两式相减将偏值K0消去,得差数U+-U-=2KgSinθ,通过上述原理公式计算可得θ值,则活动探头从前一测点移动至下一测点时,活动探头水平偏移位移Zi=LSinθi,i=1,2……n,其中n为测点的数量,通过坐标值D1和D2利用公式X1=D1-D2计算得到测斜管的水平总位移X1,整个测量次数n内,测斜管的水平偏移总位移则通过下式即可计算出地层水平位移Xi,Xi=X1-Z,活动探头所测深度为Hi=Lcosθi,i=0,1,2……n,n为测点的数量,活动探头所测总深度 Step 3: Determine the number of measurements n. Before starting the measurement, use the GPS locator to measure the coordinate value D 2 at the top of the inclinometer pipe. During the entire measurement times n, move the movable probe along the inclinometer pipe from the first measuring point to The last measuring point moves the distance L each time, and the distance L of each movement is controlled by the scale value on the inclinometer cable; during the movement process, there is actually an offset in the stratum, and the movement of the stratum drives the inclinometer tube to shift , when the movable probe moves to each depth, the bluetooth transmits the voltage signal to the reading instrument U + , which satisfies the formula U + =K 0 +KgSinθ, where: K 0 is the accelerometer bias value, K is the acceleration g is the acceleration of gravity; when the active inclinometer is in a vertical state, the theoretical value of the inclinometer probe is zero, but in actual conditions there will be a value close to zero output, which is the offset error of the zero point. That is, K 0 in the formula, in order to eliminate the influence of K 0 , turn the movable probe 180°, and perform the second measurement at this point: U - =K 0 -KgSinθ The offset value K 0 is eliminated by subtracting the two formulas, and the difference The number U + -U - = 2KgSinθ, the θ value can be obtained by calculating the above principle formula, then when the active probe moves from the previous measuring point to the next measuring point, the horizontal offset displacement of the active probe Z i = LSinθ i , i = 1, 2...n, where n is the number of measuring points, the total horizontal displacement X 1 of the inclinometer tube is calculated by using the formula X 1 = D 1 -D 2 through the coordinate values D 1 and D 2 , within the entire measurement times n, the measured The total displacement of the horizontal deflection of the inclined pipe Then the formation horizontal displacement X i can be calculated by the following formula, X i =X 1 -Z, the depth measured by the active probe is H i =Lcosθ i , i=0,1,2...n, n is the measurement point Quantity, total depth measured by active probe
一种活动测斜仪,包括测读仪、GPS定位仪、测斜管及测斜电缆、电缆支架和GPS定位仪连接套,测读仪位于测斜管一侧,且两者单独设置,测斜电缆安装于电缆支架上,GPS定位仪连接套固定于测斜管上端,测斜电缆的一端穿过GPS定位仪连接套与设置于测斜管中的活动探头相连,GPS定位仪连接套上设置有至少一个GPS定位仪,电缆支架上设置有用于将测斜电缆电压信号传输给测读仪的蓝牙;A movable inclinometer, comprising a reading instrument, a GPS locator, an inclinometer pipe, an inclinometer cable, a cable bracket and a GPS locator connecting sleeve, the reading instrument is located on one side of the inclinometer pipe, and the two are set separately, The incline cable is installed on the cable bracket, the GPS locator connecting sleeve is fixed on the upper end of the inclinometer pipe, one end of the inclinometer cable passes through the GPS locator connecting sleeve and is connected with the movable probe set in the inclinometer pipe, and the GPS locator connecting sleeve is At least one GPS locator is provided, and the cable bracket is provided with Bluetooth for transmitting the voltage signal of the inclinometer cable to the reading instrument;
所述电缆支架上设置有用于支撑测斜电缆的电缆导轮和固定电缆输导管的铁圈。The cable support is provided with a cable guide wheel for supporting the inclinometer cable and an iron ring for fixing the cable conduit.
所述电缆输导管下端与GPS定位仪连接套上端固定连接。The lower end of the cable transmission tube is fixedly connected with the upper end of the GPS locator connecting sleeve.
所述电缆输导管上留有读数孔,读取测斜电缆的下放长度。A reading hole is left on the cable transmission pipe to read the lowering length of the inclinometer cable.
所述测斜电缆上设置有用于测知活动探头沿测斜管移动距离的刻度值,通过电缆输导管上留有读数孔读取电缆上的刻度值。The inclinometer cable is provided with a scale value for measuring the moving distance of the movable probe along the inclinometer tube, and the scale value on the cable is read through a reading hole left on the cable transmission tube.
所述活动探头上安装有四个导向轮,其中两个导向轮安装在活动探头的上部,另外两个导向轮安装在活动探头的下部,测斜管的内壁上开设有与导向轮相适配的导向槽,导向槽保证导向轮在其内移动,使活动探头在测斜管中顺畅地上下运动,避免摆动,有效提高测量数据的准确性。Four guide wheels are installed on the movable probe, wherein two guide wheels are installed on the upper part of the movable probe, and the other two guide wheels are installed on the lower part of the movable probe. The guide groove ensures that the guide wheel moves in it, so that the movable probe can move up and down smoothly in the inclinometer tube, avoiding swing, and effectively improving the accuracy of measurement data.
所述活动探头内设置有加速度仪腔室,加速度仪腔室内设置有加速度计传感器,活动探头在测斜电缆的带动下能够沿测斜管做升降运动。An accelerometer chamber is arranged in the movable probe, an accelerometer sensor is arranged in the accelerometer chamber, and the movable probe can move up and down along the inclinometer tube driven by the inclinometer cable.
所述活动探头的顶端设置有用于和测斜电缆相连的电缆连接头,电缆连接头内部与加速度传感器相连,将速度传感器测得的电压信号经测斜电缆和蓝牙传输至测读仪。The top of the movable probe is provided with a cable connector for connecting with the inclinometer cable, and the cable connector is internally connected with the acceleration sensor, and the voltage signal measured by the speed sensor is transmitted to the reading instrument through the inclinometer cable and Bluetooth.
所述活动探头的底端设置有缓冲垫,缓冲垫可以避免在工作时,对活动探头造成冲击而影响数据准确性,有效提高工作效率和数据准确度。The bottom end of the movable probe is provided with a buffer pad, which can prevent impact on the movable probe during work and affect data accuracy, thereby effectively improving work efficiency and data accuracy.
所述测斜管的底部设置有密封套,避免钻孔中的异物进入测斜管中,对测量造成影响,以及对测斜管造成破坏,影响使用寿命,保证测斜管中的活动探头正常运动。The bottom of the inclinometer tube is provided with a sealing sleeve to prevent the foreign matter in the borehole from entering the inclinometer tube, affecting the measurement, and causing damage to the inclinometer tube, affecting the service life, and ensuring that the movable probe in the inclinometer tube is normal sports.
所述测斜管是由PVC塑料制成的,PVC塑料耐腐蚀,成本低,易于成形,质量轻,易携带。The inclinometer pipe is made of PVC plastic, which is corrosion-resistant, low in cost, easy to form, light in weight and easy to carry.
本发明的有益效果为:本发明中的活动测斜仪结构简单,操作方便,利用本发明可有效缩短钻孔深度,降低经济成本,能够充分考虑到某一深度地层随时间的移动变化量,进行水平总位移和水平偏移位移的测量,利用GPS定位仪所获得的数据分析出的水平位移,并根据测量数值计算地层水平位移,能够全面准确地反映工程实践特征,相应的在以此分析结果为依据的工程实践中,能完全将地层水平位移的影响消除。利用本发明中的活动测斜仪测量地层水平位移的方法解决了以往测斜仪只能在测孔位置固定假设条件下工作的弊端,使测量数据更加准确,为边坡、基坑支护施工提供了更可靠的依据。而且利用本发明无需打太深的孔即可测得准确数据,有效地降低了测量成本。同时,利用本发明中的活动测斜仪可有效地节省人工,防止测斜电缆提升过程中电缆打结,提高工作效率,避免与地表锋利物体接触,造成测斜电缆的破损,影响正常信号的传输。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the movable inclinometer in the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to operate, and the present invention can effectively shorten the drilling depth, reduce the economic cost, and can fully take into account the movement variation of a certain depth formation over time, Measure the total horizontal displacement and horizontal offset displacement, use the data obtained by the GPS locator to analyze the horizontal displacement, and calculate the horizontal displacement of the stratum according to the measured value, which can fully and accurately reflect the characteristics of engineering practice, and analyze accordingly In the engineering practice based on the results, the influence of the stratum horizontal displacement can be completely eliminated. The method of using the movable inclinometer in the present invention to measure the horizontal displacement of the formation solves the disadvantage that the inclinometer can only work under the assumption that the position of the measuring hole is fixed in the past, makes the measurement data more accurate, and supports construction for slopes and foundation pits provide a more reliable basis. Moreover, accurate data can be measured without drilling too deep holes by using the invention, which effectively reduces the measurement cost. At the same time, using the movable inclinometer in the present invention can effectively save labor, prevent cable knotting during the lifting process of the inclinometer cable, improve work efficiency, avoid contact with sharp objects on the ground surface, cause damage to the inclinometer cable, and affect the normal signal. transmission.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中活动测斜仪的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is the structural representation of movable inclinometer in the present invention.
图2为测斜管的俯视图。Figure 2 is a top view of the inclinometer tube.
图3为本发明中活动探头的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable probe in the present invention.
图4测斜管电缆支架结构示意图;Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cable support for the inclinometer;
图5为利用本发明测量地层水平位移的原理图。Fig. 5 is a principle diagram of measuring formation horizontal displacement by using the present invention.
其中,1、测读仪,2、GPS定位仪,3、测斜电缆,4、电缆输导管,5、活动探头,6、GPS定位仪连接套,7、测斜管,8、电缆支架,9、读数孔,10、电缆导轮,11、导轮把手,12、地表面,13、蓝牙,14、铁圈,15、支架骨体,16、导向槽,17、导向轮,18、密封套,19、电缆连接头,20、加速度仪腔室,21、缓冲垫。Among them, 1. Reader, 2. GPS locator, 3. Inclinometer cable, 4. Cable conduit, 5. Movable probe, 6. GPS locator connection sleeve, 7. Inclinometer tube, 8. Cable bracket, 9. Reading hole, 10. Cable guide wheel, 11. Guide wheel handle, 12. Ground surface, 13. Bluetooth, 14. Iron ring, 15. Bracket body, 16. Guide groove, 17. Guide wheel, 18. Seal Cover, 19, cable connector, 20, accelerometer chamber, 21, buffer pad.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1至图4所示,活动测斜仪,包括测读仪1、GPS定位仪2、测斜管7及测斜电缆3、电缆支架8和GPS定位仪连接套6,测读仪1位于测斜管7一侧,且两者单独设置,测斜电缆3安装于电缆支架8上,GPS定位仪连接套6固定于测斜管7上端,测斜电缆3的一端穿过GPS定位仪连接套6与设置于测斜管7中的活动探头5相连,GPS定位仪连接套6上设置有一个GPS定位仪2,;电缆支架8上设置有用于将测斜电缆3接收电压信号传输给测读仪1的蓝牙13。As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the movable inclinometer includes a reading instrument 1, a GPS locator 2, an inclinometer tube 7, an inclinometer cable 3, a cable bracket 8 and a GPS locator connecting sleeve 6, and the reading instrument 1 Located on one side of the inclinometer tube 7, and both are set separately, the inclinometer cable 3 is installed on the cable bracket 8, the GPS locator connecting sleeve 6 is fixed on the upper end of the inclinometer tube 7, and one end of the inclinometer cable 3 passes through the GPS locator The connection sleeve 6 is connected to the movable probe 5 arranged in the inclinometer pipe 7, and a GPS locator 2 is arranged on the GPS locator connection sleeve 6; the cable bracket 8 is provided with a device for transmitting the voltage signal received by the inclinometer cable 3 to Bluetooth 13 of Reader 1.
活动探头5上安装有四个导向轮17,其中两个导向轮17安装在活动探头5的上部,另外两个导向轮17安装在活动探头5的下部,测斜管7的内壁上开设有与导向轮17相适配的导向槽16,活动探头5在测斜电缆3的带动下能够沿测斜管7做升降运动,活动探头5内设置有加速度仪腔室20,加速度仪腔室20内设置有加速度计传感器,测斜电缆3可将加速度计传感器测得的电压信号通过蓝牙13实时传输至测读仪1。Four guide wheels 17 are installed on the movable probe 5, wherein two guide wheels 17 are installed on the top of the movable probe 5, and the other two guide wheels 17 are installed on the bottom of the movable probe 5, and the inwall of the inclinometer tube 7 is provided with a The guide groove 16 matched with the guide wheel 17, the movable probe 5 can move up and down along the inclinometer tube 7 under the drive of the inclinometer cable 3, the movable probe 5 is provided with an accelerometer chamber 20, and the accelerometer chamber 20 An accelerometer sensor is provided, and the inclinometer cable 3 can transmit the voltage signal measured by the accelerometer sensor to the reading instrument 1 through Bluetooth 13 in real time.
电缆支架8包括支架骨体15,支架骨体上设置有用于支撑测斜电缆3的电缆导轮10和固定电缆输导管4的铁圈14。测斜电缆一端依次通过铁圈14、电缆输导管4、GPS定位仪连接套6与活动探头5相连。电缆输导管4下端与GPS定位仪连接套6上端固定连接。电缆输导管4上留有读数孔9,读取测斜电缆3的下放长度。测斜电缆3上设置有用于测知活动探头5沿测斜管7移动距离的刻度值。The cable support 8 includes a support frame body 15 on which a cable guide wheel 10 for supporting the inclinometer cable 3 and an iron ring 14 for fixing the cable transmission pipe 4 are arranged. One end of the inclinometer cable is connected to the movable probe 5 through the iron ring 14, the cable transmission pipe 4, and the GPS locator connecting sleeve 6 successively. The lower end of the cable transmission pipe 4 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the GPS locator connecting sleeve 6 . A reading hole 9 is left on the cable transmission pipe 4 to read the lowering length of the inclinometer cable 3 . The inclinometer cable 3 is provided with a scale value for measuring the moving distance of the movable probe 5 along the inclinometer tube 7 .
活动探头5的顶端设置有用于和测斜电缆3连接的电缆连接头19。活动探头5的底端还设置有缓冲垫21,缓冲垫21可以避免工作时,对活动探头5造成冲击而影响数据。The top of the movable probe 5 is provided with a cable connector 19 for connecting with the inclinometer cable 3 . The bottom end of the movable probe 5 is also provided with a buffer pad 21, which can prevent the movable probe 5 from impacting the data during work.
测斜管7的底部设置有密封套18,避免钻孔中的异物进入测斜管中,对测量造成影响,以及对测斜管造成破坏,影响使用寿命,保证测斜管中的活动探头正常运动。测斜管7是由PVC塑料制成的,PVC塑料耐腐蚀,成本低,易于成形,质量轻,易携带。The bottom of the inclinometer tube 7 is provided with a sealing sleeve 18 to prevent the foreign matter in the borehole from entering the inclinometer tube, affecting the measurement, and causing damage to the inclinometer tube, affecting the service life, and ensuring that the movable probe in the inclinometer tube is normal sports. The inclinometer pipe 7 is made of PVC plastic, which is corrosion-resistant, low in cost, easy to form, light in weight and easy to carry.
如图5所示,一种利用所述活动测斜仪测量地层水平位移的方法,包括如下步骤:As shown in Figure 5, a kind of method utilizing described movable inclinometer to measure stratum horizontal displacement comprises the steps:
步骤1,首先用便携带的GPS定位仪连接套和GPS定位仪测取刚埋设好的测斜管初始坐标值D1;Step 1, first use the portable GPS locator connection sleeve and the GPS locator to measure the initial coordinate value D 1 of the inclinometer pipe just buried;
步骤2,经过根据工程测斜要求的勘测时间后,将测斜管放入待测钻孔内,测读仪放置在地表,GPS定位仪安装在GPS定位仪连接套上,GPS定位仪连接套下端固定于测斜管上,将GPS定位仪连接套上端与电缆输导管相连,电缆输导管由电缆支架的铁圈固定,电缆支架上放上电缆导轮,打开蓝牙,进行测量;Step 2, after the survey time according to the engineering inclinometer requirements, put the inclinometer pipe into the borehole to be measured, place the reading instrument on the surface, install the GPS locator on the GPS locator connecting sleeve, and the GPS locator connecting sleeve The lower end is fixed on the inclinometer tube, and the upper end of the GPS locator connecting sleeve is connected to the cable conduit. The cable conduit is fixed by the iron ring of the cable bracket, and the cable guide wheel is placed on the cable bracket, and the bluetooth is turned on for measurement;
步骤3,制定测量次数n,在开始测量前,用GPS定位仪测得测斜管顶端的坐标值D2,在整个测量次数n内,将活动探头沿测斜管从第一个测点到最后一个测点每次移动距离L,每次移动的距离L通过测斜电缆上的刻度值进行控制;移动的过程中,地层实际上存在偏移量,地层的移动带动测斜管发生偏移,活动探头移动至每一深度处时,由蓝牙以电压信号的方式传输至测读仪U+,满足公式U+=K0+KgSinθ(式中:K0为加速度计偏值、K为加速度计灵敏度、g为重力加速度);活动测斜仪在竖直状态下,测斜仪探头的理论值为零,但在实际情况下会有一个接近零的值输出,这就是零点的偏移误差,即式中的K0,为了消除K0的影响,将活动探头调转180°,在该点进行第二次测量:U-=K0-KgSinθ两式相减将偏值K0消去,得差数U+-U-=2KgSinθ,通过上述原理公式计算可得θ值,则活动探头从前一测点移动至下一测点时,活动探头水平偏移位移Zi=LSinθi,i=1,2……n,其中n为测点的数量,通过坐标值D1和D2利用公式X1=D1-D2计算得到测斜管的水平总位移X1,整个测量次数n内,测斜管的水平偏移总位移则通过下式即可计算出地层水平位移Xi,Xi=X1-Z,活动探头所测深度为Hi=Lcosθi,i=0,1,2……n,n为测点的数量,活动探头所测总深度 Step 3: Determine the number of measurements n. Before starting the measurement, use the GPS locator to measure the coordinate value D 2 at the top of the inclinometer pipe. During the entire measurement times n, move the movable probe along the inclinometer pipe from the first measuring point to The last measuring point moves the distance L each time, and the distance L of each movement is controlled by the scale value on the inclinometer cable; during the movement process, there is actually an offset in the stratum, and the movement of the stratum drives the inclinometer tube to shift , when the movable probe moves to each depth, the bluetooth transmits the voltage signal to the reading instrument U + , which satisfies the formula U + =K 0 +KgSinθ (where: K 0 is the accelerometer bias value, K is the acceleration meter sensitivity, g is the acceleration of gravity); when the active inclinometer is in a vertical state, the theoretical value of the inclinometer probe is zero, but in actual conditions there will be a value close to zero output, which is the offset error of the zero point , that is, K 0 in the formula, in order to eliminate the influence of K 0 , turn the movable probe 180°, and conduct the second measurement at this point: U - =K 0 -KgSinθ subtract the offset value K 0 from the two formulas, and get The difference U + -U - = 2KgSinθ, the θ value can be obtained by calculating the above principle formula, then when the active probe moves from the previous measuring point to the next measuring point, the horizontal offset displacement of the active probe Z i = LSinθ i , i = 1 ,2……n, where n is the number of measuring points, the total horizontal displacement X 1 of the inclinometer is calculated by using the formula X 1 =D 1 -D 2 through the coordinate values D 1 and D 2 , within the entire measurement times n, The total displacement of the horizontal deflection of the inclinometer tube Then the formation horizontal displacement X i can be calculated by the following formula, X i =X 1 -Z, the depth measured by the active probe is H i =Lcosθ i , i=0,1,2...n, n is the measurement point Quantity, total depth measured by active probe
通过以下计算示例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步地详细说明:The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail by the following calculation examples:
1)通过GPS定位仪测得偏移前后测斜管坐标值D1、D2计算测斜管的总水平位移X1=D1-D2=1.242;1) Calculate the total horizontal displacement of the inclinometer tube by measuring the coordinate values D 1 and D 2 of the inclinometer tube before and after the offset by the GPS locator X 1 =D 1 -D 2 =1.242;
2)活动探头沿测斜管每次移动的距离L=0.5m,测量次数n=4,由测读仪数据传输到电脑后利用公式U+-U-=2KgSinθ计算处理获得θ1=22°、θ2=26°、θ3=23°、θ4=25°;2) The moving distance of the movable probe along the inclinometer pipe is L=0.5m each time, and the number of measurements is n=4. After the data is transmitted from the reading instrument to the computer, the formula U + -U - = 2KgSinθ is used for calculation and processing to obtain θ 1 = 22° , θ 2 =26°, θ 3 =23°, θ 4 =25°;
3)由活动探头水平偏移位移Zi=LSinθi,(i=0,1,2……n),Z1=0.5sin22=0.187,Z2=0.5sin26=0.219,Z3=0.5sin23=0.195,Z4=0.5sin25=0.211;3) Horizontal offset displacement by active probe Z i =LSinθ i , (i=0,1,2...n), Z 1 =0.5sin22=0.187, Z 2 =0.5sin26=0.219, Z 3 =0.5sin23= 0.195, Z4 = 0.5 sin25 = 0.211;
4)每一深度的地层水平位移Xi,活动探头所测深度为Hi=Lcosθi,(i=0,1,2……n):4) The formation horizontal displacement X i at each depth, the depth measured by the movable probe is H i = Lcosθ i , (i = 0, 1, 2...n):
H1=0.00mX1=D1-D2=1.242H 1 =0.00mX 1 =D 1 -D 2 =1.242
H2=-0.464mX2=X1-Z1=1.242-0.187=1.055H 2 =-0.464mX 2 =X 1 -Z 1 =1.242-0.187=1.055
H3=-0.913mX3=X1-(Z1+Z2)=1.242-0.406=0.836H 3 =-0.913mX 3 =X 1 -(Z 1 +Z 2 )=1.242-0.406=0.836
H4=-1.373mX4=X1-(Z1+Z2+Z3)=1.242-0.601=0.641H 4 =-1.373mX 4 =X 1 -(Z 1 +Z 2 +Z 3 )=1.242-0.601=0.641
H5=-1.808mX5=X1-(Z1+Z2+Z3+Z4)=1.242-0.812=0.430H 5 =-1.808mX 5 =X 1 -(Z 1 +Z 2 +Z 3 +Z 4 )=1.242-0.812=0.430
本发明中未述及的部分采用或借鉴已有技术即可实现。The parts not mentioned in the present invention can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art.
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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