CN105424790B - 一种检测白酒中外源添加乳酸乙酯的方法 - Google Patents

一种检测白酒中外源添加乳酸乙酯的方法 Download PDF

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CN105424790B
CN105424790B CN201510822001.9A CN201510822001A CN105424790B CN 105424790 B CN105424790 B CN 105424790B CN 201510822001 A CN201510822001 A CN 201510822001A CN 105424790 B CN105424790 B CN 105424790B
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钟其顶
王道兵
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China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于稳定同位素技术和原理检测白酒中外源添加乳酸乙酯的方法,属于白酒真实性鉴别技术领域。主要步骤如下:(1)测定某一香型的真实白酒样品中目标化合物(乳酸乙酯)的碳同位素组成,测定目标化合物的碳同位素内源标志物的碳同位素组成,并确定目标化合物与内标物之间δ13C值的平均差异和标准偏差(σ);(2)测定待检白酒样品中目标化合物和其内源标志物的δ13C值,计算二者的差值Δ13C待检样品;(3)判断待检样品中是否含有外源添加的乳酸乙酯。本发明利用稳定同位素技术建立了一种能够准确检测白酒中是否含有外源添加的乳酸乙酯的方法。

Description

一种检测白酒中外源添加乳酸乙酯的方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及基于稳定同位素技术鉴别白酒真实性的方法,属于白酒产品真实性识别技术领域。
背景技术:
白酒是中国特有的蒸馏酒产品,与白兰地、苏格兰威士忌、伏特加、朗姆酒和杜松子酒并列为世界著名的六大蒸馏酒。白酒是中华民族历史悠久的传统产物,也是满足人们不断进步的物质文化和精神文化需求不可或缺的、具有深厚历史文化底蕴的饮品。当前,白酒产业已经成为我国食品产业的重要组成部分:2014年我国白酒行业累计产量1257.13万t,全年白酒行业销售收入5259亿元,实现利润总额699亿元。
根据GB/T 17204-2008《饮料酒分类》和GB/T 15109-2008《白酒工业术语》的规定,我国白酒按生产工艺分为新工艺白酒和传统固态酒,固态法白酒是以粮食为原料,采用固态(或半固态)糖化、发酵、蒸馏,经陈酿、勾兑而成的未添加食用酒精及非白酒发酵产生的呈香、呈味物质,具有本品固有风格特征的白酒;而新工艺白酒则采用液态酒精生产技术,串蒸、调香和固液结合等方式进行生产,且允许使用食用酒精、香气和香味等物质调整成品酒质量,其品质质量和产品成本均明显低于传统固态白酒。为了保护传统固态白酒和消费者权益,国家标准明确要求凡采用新工艺生产的白酒需要明确标注执行相关产品标准,以示区别传统香型白酒。但由于配套检测技术缺失,市场上不少企业为了最大利益化而用食用酒精加香精香料勾兑白酒冒充纯粮固态酿造白酒、低质酒添加特定呈香、呈味物质冒充优级白酒,这严重扰乱了市场经济秩序,影响了政府公信力和消费者的消费信心,也妨碍了中国经济新常态下白酒行业的转型升级。因此,建立白酒中外源添加的呈香、呈味物质的有效检测技术是当前白酒产业研究领域有待解决的技术难题。
由下列文献(联机样品制备同位素质谱法测定蜂蜜碳同位素比值)、(Improveddetection of sugar addition to apple juices and concentrates using internalstandard 13C IRMS)、(Authenticity control on lemon essential oils employing GC-C-IRMS)、(Detection of Exogenous Sugars or Organic Acids Addition in PineappleJuices and Concentrates by 13C IRMS Analysis)、(The use of GC-C-IRMS in theDetection of Adulterated Vanilla Bean Extracts)、(Determination of the13C/12Cratios of ethanol and higher alcohols in wine by GC-C-IRMS analysis)、(Gaschromatography carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry applied to thedetection of neutral alcohol in Scotch whisky an internal referenceapproach)、(Authentication of tequila by gas chromatography and stable isotoperatio analyses)、(Heavy and light beer:a carbon isotope approach to detect C(4)carbon in beers of different origins,styles,and prices)、(Determination ofthe 13C Content of Glycerol Samples of Different Origin)可知,基于稳定碳同位素的自然分馏作用,碳同位素技术在蜂蜜、果汁、精油、葡萄酒、啤酒以及威士忌、龙舌兰酒等蒸馏酒的真实性鉴别中起到越来越重要的作用,而同位素内源性标志物的选用则大幅提升了该技术在相关食品真伪鉴别和掺假检测领域的应用价值。当前,白酒行业应用稳定同位素技术进行产品真伪鉴别的研究也有报道(如论文:固态法白酒与固液法白酒的同位素鉴别技术;专利:一种鉴别固态法白酒真伪的方法),但上述研究主要针对的是白酒中食用酒精的检测,而对白酒中是否含有外源添加的乳酸乙酯等食品添加剂未做探讨,并且国内的相关研究依然是通过相关的数据库进行辅助鉴别,运行和维护成本颇高。由于白酒中含有众多的化学组分,若白酒中无非法添加,则这些化学组分均为发酵过程中微生物代谢产生,具有代谢同源性,因而各物质的δ13C之间必然可互相作为13C-内源性标志物。依据此原理,本发明以白酒中易被添加的乳酸乙酯为研究对象,筛选了白酒中上述两物质的13C-内源性标志物,确定了白酒中外源添加的乳酸乙酯的检测方法,从而实现了白酒真伪的有效鉴别。
发明内容:
(1)拟解决的问题
本发明针对白酒市场上存在的白酒中非法添加食品添加剂而难以检测的技术难题,开发一种能够有效检测白酒中外源添加的乳酸乙酯的技术方法,以规范市场行为,保护消费者和合法企业利益,促进白酒行业健康有序发展。
(2)本发明的具体方案如下:
a)真实样品收集:从白酒企业获得以传统固态发酵技术生产的固态法酿造白酒样品;
b)待测样品:从市场上购买的标称为“固态法白酒”的样品;
c)测定真实样品中目标化合物的碳同位素比值(δ13Ctarget),如乳酸乙酯的δ13C
d)为目标化合物筛选碳同位素内源标志物,测定真实样品的δ13C内标物
e)建立真实样品中目标化合物δ13C值和其内源标志物δ13C值之间差异(δ13C13C内标物或δ13C13C内标物)的平均值和标准偏差,确定该差异的置信区间(3σ);
f)待测样品测定:测定待测样品中目标化合物的δ13Ctarget和其内源标志物的δ13C内标物
g)判定步骤:将f)步骤得到的待测样品的δ13C差值与步骤e)获得的平均值进行显著差异判定:若不存在显著差异,则证明待测样品中的目标化合物不存在外源添加的情况;若存在显著差异,则待测样品中的目标化合物存在外源添加的情况。
3)有益效果:
本发明建立了一种有效检测白酒中是否含有外源添加的乳酸乙酯的方法,解决了白酒市场监管中面临的检测手段和技术方法缺失的问题,确保白酒分类标准有效贯彻实施,保护正规白酒生产企业的知识产权和消费者利益,规范白酒产业发展。
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例一:
a)从某传统固态工艺白酒企业获得浓香型白酒的新蒸馏基酒样品11个,作为未外源添加乳酸乙酯的真实样品;
b)从市场上购买标称未外源添加乳酸乙酯的白酒样品4个;
c)测定真实样品的乳酸乙酯的δ13C值(分别记做δ13C和δ13C);
d)选择正丙醇作为乳酸乙酯的碳同位素内源标志物,测定真实样品中正丙醇的δ13C值,记做δ13C正丙醇
e)分别计算乳酸乙酯与正丙醇之间碳同位素比值的差值和差值的标准偏差(见表1),可见浓香型白酒乳酸乙酯与正丙醇δ13C差值的分布范围为-10.57‰~-12.71‰;
表1未添加乳酸乙酯的白酒样品Δ13C描述统计
f)待测样品中乳酸乙酯与正丙醇的δ13C差值,见表2;
表2待测样品的Δ13C描述统计
由表1可知,本文所收集的该企业的浓香型白酒的乳酸乙酯与正丙醇的差值Δ13C的分布范围为-10.57‰~-12.71‰,平均值为-11.47‰,按照6σ原则,若待检样品中无外源添加的乳酸乙酯,则乳酸乙酯与正丙醇的差值应分布在-9.34‰~-13.60‰之间。对比表2可知,样品1中不含外源添加的乳酸乙酯;样品2和样品4中无外源添加的乳酸乙酯;样品3也含有外源添加的乳酸乙酯。
实施例二:
A)选择未添加乳酸乙酯的新蒸馏基酒样品A为参考样;
B)将食品添加剂乳酸乙酯各按照1:9,2:8,4:6,6:4和8:2的比例加入样品A中,勾兑出5个新工艺白酒;
C)测定样品A和5个新工艺白酒的正丙醇、乳酸乙酯的δ13C值,计算乳酸乙酯分别于与正丙醇的碳同位素之间的差值Δ13C,结果见表3。
表3样品测定描述统计
由表3可知,新工艺白酒中乳酸乙酯与正丙醇之间的碳同位素差异Δ13C随添加的乳酸乙酯含量的增加而增加,而且当乳酸乙酯的添加量超过20%时,样品中乳酸乙酯与正丙醇之间的碳同位素差异Δ13C偏离了未添加乳酸乙酯的白酒的Δ13C分布范围,由此可见,未添加乳酸乙酯的白酒中乳酸乙酯与正丙醇的Δ13C有别于含有外源成分的白酒,因此通过结合碳同位素技术和同位素内源标志物原则能够有效检测白酒中外源添加的乳酸乙酯。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种检测白酒中外源添加的乳酸乙酯的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)测定真实白酒样品中目标化合物乳酸乙酯的稳定碳同位素组成;
2)测定真实白酒样品中乳酸乙酯的稳定碳同位素内源性标志物正丙醇的δ13C值,记做δ13C正丙醇
3)确定目标化合物与正丙醇之间δ13C值的平均差异Δ13C真实样品和标准偏差(σ);
4)测定待测样品中的目标化合物乳酸乙酯和内源标志物正丙醇的δ13C值,并计算目标化合物与内源标志物δ13C值的差异Δ13C待检样品
5)比较Δ13C待检样品和Δ13C真实样品,若二者的差异在±3σ内,则说明待测样品中乳酸乙酯不含外源添加成分,反之则有外源添加,
其中所述的白酒是浓香型、酱香型或芝麻香型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述的真实样品是按照香型分类,从传统工艺白酒生产企业收集的真正无添加的新生产蒸馏酒的基酒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于用稳定同位素比值质谱仪测定乳酸乙酯及其内源性标志物的δ13C值。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于判定白酒样品有无添加时,以Δ13C真实样品为目标值,以6σ作为白酒中目标化合物及其内源标志物δ13C值之间的自然波动范围。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述的白酒样品应符合GB/T 17204-2008中4.2.1.3的规定。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的白酒是浓香型。
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