CN105424315A - Device and method for measuring impact on horizontal bearing performance of pile foundation from waves - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring impact on horizontal bearing performance of pile foundation from waves Download PDFInfo
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- CN105424315A CN105424315A CN201510747330.1A CN201510747330A CN105424315A CN 105424315 A CN105424315 A CN 105424315A CN 201510747330 A CN201510747330 A CN 201510747330A CN 105424315 A CN105424315 A CN 105424315A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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- Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and method for measuring the impact on the horizontal bearing performance of a pile foundation from waves, and the device comprises a water tank, model soil, a model file, a rear support, a loading plate, a displacement sensor, a strain gage, and an acceleration sensor. The interior of the water tank is provided with a wave-making plate, a wave height meter, and a wave elimination apparatus, wherein the bottom of a central segment is provided with a groove. Two sides of the groove are provided with inclined pedestals. A region which is formed by the enclosing of the inclined pedestals and the groove is provided with the model soil, and the model pile is fixedly embedded in the model soil. The method applies horizontal loads to the model pile through the rear support and the loading plate before and after the action of a wave generated by the wave-making plate in the water tank. The method determines the impact on the horizontal bearing performance of pile foundation from the wave based on the displacement curve of two horizontal loads. The device and method truly reflect the engineering environment where a marine pile foundation is located, accurately apply external load conditions through controlling a wave factor and the horizontal loads, and accurately obtains the internal force and deformation of the body of a pile through collecting the data of the strain gage, the displacement sensor, and the acceleration sensor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel Measuring Oceanic environment to the device of pile foundation performance impact, particularly, is a kind of device measured wave cycle reciprocating and affect pile foundation level load-carrying properties.
Background technology
Along with going deep into of utilizing marine resources development, the bad environments degree that offshore structure faces also progressively increases.For the engineering structure of offshore sea waters, pile foundation owing to having easy construction, load-bearing capacity is high and can adapt to various engineering geologic condition, becomes one of the most conventional foundation pattern.But in the face of complicated and severe extraneous load combined action, pile foundation distortion may exceed allowable value and even produce unstable failure, and then the normal use affecting offshore structure even has an accident.
Oceanographic engineering pile foundation presents the trend of horizontal bearing impaired performance more under environmental load effect.Oceanographic engineering pile foundation is main mainly with bearing horizontal loads, superstructure requires comparatively strict (lateral deformation of pile foundation must be less than allowable value) the lateral deformation of stake in actual applications, excessive lateral deformation may cause superstructure to work also may cause structural failure simultaneously, and lateral deformation of pile foundation then thinks relevant to the horizontal bearing performance of pile foundation.Except horizontal operation load action, pile foundation generally all bears long-term Wave Load.The effect of moving in circles for a long time of wave load can make soil around pile drag weaken, and the lateral deformation showing pile foundation is progressively accumulated, increased, and pile foundation level load-carrying properties decline.In current oceanographic engineering Pile Foundations Design, how more adequately to assess the decline of pile foundation horizontal bearing performance after wave action, there is no ripe method, this is also one of key issue of such Design of Foundation work.
Domestic and international at present large quantity research is carried out to pile foundation bearer properties under the wave action, many scholar's designs, implemented to follow pile foundation model test under bad load action.In this type of research, some scholars adopts vibrator or motor CYCLIC LOADING device to carry out simulated waves load, cannot simulating ocean environment Wave is on the impact of pile foundation and the soil body exactly, and especially wave cannot be embodied the attenuation of the soil body; In addition, also have some scholars to adopt the Wave Load of wave flume simulation pile foundation, but this kind of research is many to be fixed, and namely replaces the effect of the soil body with fixed constraint by Model Pile one end.For improving above-mentioned deficiency, the present invention utilizes wave flume simulated waves environment, and devise relevant charger horizontal loading is applied to pile foundation, the change of pile foundation in wave action anterior-posterior horizontal load-carrying properties can be measured easily, and then provide useful reference for the research of this aspect and design.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of device and method measured wave and affect pile foundation level load-carrying properties.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of device measured wave and pile foundation level load-carrying properties are affected provided by the invention, comprise the wave paddle be arranged in tank, slope base, tank groove and wave suppression arrangement, described wave paddle is located at one end of tank, for simulated waves environment; Described wave suppression arrangement is located at the other end of tank, for eliminating reflexion of wave; Place Model Pile in the region that slope base and tank groove are formed and be filled with model clay, described Model Pile top is through water body and top exceeds wave action face, described Model Pile top is provided with charger, be provided with sensor around described charger and Model Pile, described sensor is connected with data collector.
Particularly, described sensor comprises wave height recorder, displacement transducer, dynamometer, foil gauge, acceleration transducer and hole pressure meter.
Particularly, described wave height recorder is used for wave calibration, is vertically fixed on fore-stock, and above tank groove between Model Pile and wave paddle.Fore-stock is made up of the top board and front montant that are greater than tank width and is fixed on tank two wall upper end.
Particularly, institute's displacement sensors for measuring the displacement at pile top under horizontal loads, bottom the rear montant being fixed on fore-stock.
Particularly, described type stake top is provided with sleeve, and described sleeve arranges draw ring, and the probe front of institute's displacement sensors is contacted with the barrel forward end of Model Pile.
Particularly, after-poppet is fixed with above tank between Model Pile and wave suppression arrangement, lower sheave is fixed below montant before after-poppet, slot and fix top sheave in the middle of after-poppet top rear, wire rope is adopted to be connected between load plate with draw ring, steel wire penetrating lower sheave and top sheave and dynamometer is set between draw ring and lower sheave.
Particularly, pile strain when described foil gauge is for measuring wave action, stake is long to be evenly arranged in Model Pile, and is arranged symmetrically with along pile body circumferential section; Described speed pickup, for measuring displacement at pile top change, is arranged at the tapping on a top cover cylinder.
Particularly, described hole pressure meter, for measuring soil body pore water pressure change under wave action, is arranged on the inner different depth place of model clay.Hole pressure meter is fixed on lower carriage, and the base of lower carriage is arranged at tank bottom portion of groove and before and after Model Pile, is symmetrical arranged two.
The present invention proposes the measuring method of said apparatus simultaneously, and comprise the Installation and Measurement of device, wherein installation steps are as follows:
1, section position arranges tank groove in the sink, and the bottom of gullet before and after tank groove places two slope bases; Tank groove groove depth and slope substructure height determine according to the actual embedded depth of the Model Pile of required simulation.
2, paste foil gauge at Model Pile inwall and smear silica gel and do water-proofing treatment, the bottom of Model Pile arranges back cover disk and at stake top installing sleeve, mounting hole pressure meter on the precalculated position of lower carriage, in the space that tank groove and slope base are formed, model clay is inserted in layering, and puts into Model Pile in pre-position;
3, after banketing, retaining is to predetermined still water level in the sink; Wave-height gauge and displacement transducer are mounted to fore-stock, fore-stock is fixed on the tank roof before Model Pile, make wave-height gauge between Model Pile and wave paddle and displacement transducer probe peaks at pile cover front end;
4, lower sheave is mounted to before after-poppet below montant, and slots and fix top sheave in the middle of the top rear of after-poppet; Wire rope connects one end and connects draw ring and connect dynamometer, then through lower sheave and top sheave, the other end connects load plate; After-poppet is fixed on the roof of the tank after Model Pile, and keeps being positioned at more than the water surface to load plate during Model Pile horizontal addload;
5, degree of will speed up sensor is mounted to sleeve tapping, by wire, displacement transducer, acceleration transducer, hole pressure meter and foil gauge is connected to data collector;
Measuring process is as follows:
1, after all installment works complete, by static for this device 24 hours, tune-up data harvester subsequently, after confirming that all test original papers are working properly, carries at the enterprising windrow of load plate, controls preloading value according to the reading of dynamometer simultaneously; By the numerical value that classification applies horizontal dead load and obtains from displacement transducer, obtain the pile foundation level bearer properties before wave action;
2, remove this device, again carry out the installment work of banketing with correlation model, instrument, the front end of wire rope does not temporarily connect draw ring; After static 24 hours, use wave paddle to generate and specify wave, Model Pile is carried out to the wave action of certain number of times, and press the process data of meter and foil gauge by data collecting instrument recorded bit displacement sensor, hole, obtain pile foundation internal force, the soil body response characteristic under wave action;
3, stop wave action, wire rope connects draw ring, applies and the horizontal dead load effect not acting on equal conditions before wave, obtains the pile foundation level bearer properties after wave action;
4, twice pile foundation level static test before and after contrast, specifies the impact of wave on pile foundation level load-carrying properties, and the soil body obtained during different tests stage Internal forces and distortion and wave action responds.
Beneficial effect: compared with existing design, the present invention has following significant progress:
1. compare existing device, the present invention can oceanographic engineering pile foundation level carrying behavior in Reality simulation wave environment, by the load-displacement curve difference that pile foundation level bearing test before and after contrast Wave Load obtains, specify the impact of wave action on pile foundation level load-carrying properties, and pile foundation round robin can be obtained the reduction of soil around pile drag is affected.
2. apparatus of the present invention combine wave flume, by generating wave simulation wave action, to compare to circulate the common method of point loading simulated waves effect, the more real simulated waves effect of this device and the effect of wave to the soil body can be embodied, in addition in conjunction with wave-height gauge and control the operating power of wave paddle can the wave of accurate analog various ways, what this also made this device possesses measurement range widely.
3. general wave flume cannot arrange bottom solum, even and if be provided with soil layer, due to the restriction of the water reception tank degree of depth, the embedded depth of pile foundation is very limited, this device is by arranging the mode of groove and slope base in bottom of gullet local, make it possible to arrange larger soil thickness, and then the embedded depth requirement of Model Pile can be met preferably, simulate seabed conditions more accurately.
4. compare existing device, the present invention is provided with acceleration transducer and hole pressure meter, the change of the displacement at pile top during can measuring wave action respectively and soil around pile pore water pressure, arrange in conjunction with pile strain sheet, comparatively comprehensively can reflect pile foundation and soil body response characteristic under the wave action.And compare the method for other contact displacements, adopt acceleration transducer can avoid the interference responded stake.
5. horizontal loading apparatus simple installation, loads accurately.Only after-poppet need be fixed on the wall of tank limit, other devices are fixed on after-poppet.Utilize the gravity of counterweight to realize the stable applying of horizontal loading by pulley blocks, in wire rope, the setting of dynamometer also can ensure the accuracy of horizontal addload.In addition, horizontal loading apparatus structure is simple, and cost is lower.
Except technical matters, the technical characteristic forming technical scheme and the advantage brought by the technical characteristic of these technical schemes that the present invention recited above solves, a kind of advantage measured the other technologies feature that comprises in other technologies problem that wave can solve the device and method that pile foundation level load-carrying properties affect, technical scheme and these technical characteristics and bring of the present invention, will be described in more detail by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be the embodiment of the present invention cut open elevation drawing;
Fig. 2 is the sectional drawing at A-A place in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the sectional drawing at B-B place in Fig. 1;
Have in figure: 1 tank, 2 wave paddles, 3 wave suppression arrangements, 4 tank grooves, 5 slope bases, 6 model clays, 7 Model Pile, 8 sleeves, 9 draw rings, 10 fore-stocks, 11 lower carriages, 12 after-poppets, 13 lower sheaves, 14 top sheaves, 15 wire rope, 16 load plate, 17 wave height recorders, 18 displacement transducers, 19 dynamometers, 20 foil gauges, 21 acceleration transducers, 22 hole pressure meters, 23 data collectors.
Embodiment
Embodiment: below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.Following examples only for technical scheme of the present invention is clearly described, and can not limit the scope of the invention with this.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the present embodiment a kind of for measuring the device that wave affects pile foundation level load-carrying properties, comprising: tank 1, wave paddle 2, wave suppression arrangement 3, tank groove 4, slope base 5, model clay 6, Model Pile 7, sleeve 8, draw ring 9, fore-stock 10, lower carriage 11, after-poppet 12, lower sheave 13, top sheave 14, wire rope 15, load plate 16, wave height recorder 17, displacement transducer 18, dynamometer 19, foil gauge 20, acceleration transducer 21, hole pressure meter 22 and data collector 23.
As shown in Figure 1, described tank groove 4 is for rectangular recess and length is greater than 10 times of Model Pile footpaths, bottom of gullet before and after tank groove 4 arranges two slope bases 5, and tank groove 4 groove depth and slope base 5 height determine according to the actual embedded depth of the Model Pile of required simulation.It is right-angle triangle that slope base 5 cuts open facade, and width is consistent with tank inner width.For reducing the impact of slope base 5 on wave propagation, the gradient of slope base 5 is less than 1:10, and the vertical side of slope base 5 and the forward and backward end wall of tank groove 4 are to directly.Landfill model clay 6 in the region that slope base 5 and tank groove 4 surround, the surface of model clay 6 is concordant with rising of slope base 5.
Model Pile 7 is uniform cross section hollow stem, bottom is embedded in model clay 6, the bottom of Model Pile 7 lower end and tank groove 4 keeps certain distance to affect to avoid boundary effect, Model Pile 7 top is through water body and top exceeds wave action face, the inwall of Model Pile 7 posts foil gauge 20 and is arranged symmetrically with along pile body circumferential section, and foil gauge 20 surface adopts silica gel to carry out water-proofing treatment.The bottom of Model Pile 7 arranges back cover disk, back cover disk external diameter equals the external diameter of Model Pile 7, the stake top place of Model Pile 7 arranges sleeve 8, the internal diameter of sleeve 8 is slightly larger than the external diameter of Model Pile 7, and sleeve 8 side arranges the perforate for installing acceleration transducer 21 and is provided with the draw ring 9 of connecting steel wire ropes 15.Hole arranged pressure meter 22 in model clay 6 and before and after Model Pile 7, hole pressure meter 22 is by being fixed on lower carriage 11 to reach the object being arranged in different native depths.Lower carriage 11 is made up of base and straight-bar, and the base of lower carriage 11 is placed on bottom tank groove 4.Foil gauge 20, acceleration transducer 21, hole pressure meter 22 are connected with data collector 23 by wire.
Fore-stock 10 is arranged at Model Pile 7 front portion and is made up of abacus, front montant and rear montant, is fixed on tank roof by the abacus being greater than tank width.Wave-height gauge 17 is vertically arranged on the front montant of fore-stock 10, between Model Pile 7 and wave paddle 2, is located at the top of tank groove 4.Horizontal fixed displacement sensor 18 on the rear montant of fore-stock 10, displacement transducer 18 probe peaks at pile cover 8 front end.Displacement transducer 18 is connected with data collector 23 by wire.
After-poppet 12 is positioned at the rear of Model Pile 7 and is made up of abacus, front montant, is fixed on tank two wall upper end by the abacus being greater than tank width.Fix lower sheave 13 below the front montant of after-poppet 12, slot and fix top sheave 14 in the middle of the top rear of after-poppet 12, lower sheave 13 and lower sheave 14 are fixed pulley.Adopt wire rope 15 to be connected between load plate 16 with draw ring 9, wire rope 15 is through lower sheave 13 and top sheave 14.Load plate 16 is that square plate corner is connected with wire rope 15 respectively.Between draw ring 9 and lower sheave 13, dynamometer 19 is set.
As shown in Figure 2, shown tank 1 is Rectangular Water Trough, and the size of length direction is much larger than Width size, and one end of tank 1 arranges wave paddle 2, and the other end of tank 1 arranges wave suppression arrangement 3, is respectively used to manufacture wave and eliminate reflexion of wave.Tank groove 4 is arranged at the region, stage casing of tank 1, and Model Pile 7 is positioned at tank groove 6 center.
The installation process of this device is:
Arrange tank groove 4 at position, tank 1 stage casing, the bottom of gullet before and after tank groove 4 places two slope bases 5.Tank groove 4 groove depth and slope base 5 height determine according to the actual embedded depth of the Model Pile of required simulation.Paste foil gauge 20 at Model Pile 7 inwall and smear silica gel and do water-proofing treatment, the bottom of Model Pile 7 arranges back cover disk and at stake top installing sleeve 8.Mounting hole pressure meter 22 on the precalculated position of lower carriage 11.In the space that tank groove 4 and slope base 5 are formed, model clay 6 is inserted in layering, and puts into Model Pile 7 in pre-position.After banketing, in tank 1, retaining is to predetermined still water level.
Wave-height gauge 17 and displacement transducer 18 are mounted to fore-stock 10, fore-stock 10 is fixed on tank 1 roof before Model Pile 7, make wave-height gauge 17 between Model Pile 7 and wave paddle 2 and displacement transducer 18 probe peaks at pile cover 8 front end.
Slot and fix top sheave 14 below montant and in the top rear centre of after-poppet 12 before lower sheave 13 is mounted to after-poppet 12.Wire rope 15 connects one end and connects draw ring 9 and connect dynamometer 19, then through lower sheave 13 and top sheave 14, the other end connects load plate 16.After-poppet 12 is fixed on the roof of the tank 1 after Model Pile 7, and keeps being positioned at more than the water surface to load plate 16 during Model Pile 7 horizontal addload.
Degree of will speed up sensor 21 is mounted to sleeve 8 tapping.By wire, displacement transducer 18, acceleration transducer 21, hole pressure meter 22 and foil gauge 20 are connected to data collector 23.
This measurement device process is:
By static for this device 24 hours after all installment works complete, tune-up data harvester 23 subsequently, after confirming that all test original papers are working properly, carries at the enterprising windrow of load plate 16, controls preloading value according to the reading of dynamometer 19 simultaneously.By the numerical value that classification applies horizontal dead load and obtains from displacement transducer 18, obtain the pile foundation level bearer properties before wave action.
Remove this device, again carry out the installment work of banketing with correlation model, instrument, the front end of wire rope 15 does not temporarily connect draw ring 9.After static 24 hours, use wave paddle 2 to generate and specify wave, Model Pile 7 is carried out to the wave action of certain number of times, and press the process data of meter 22 and foil gauge 20 by data collecting instrument 23 recorded bit displacement sensor 18, hole, obtain pile foundation internal force, the soil body response characteristic under wave action.
Stop wave action, wire rope 15 connects draw ring 9, applies and the horizontal dead load effect not acting on equal conditions before wave, obtains the pile foundation level bearer properties after wave action.Before and after contrast twice pile foundation level static test can clear and definite wave on the impact of pile foundation level load-carrying properties, the soil body that the present invention simultaneously also can accurately obtain during different tests stage Internal forces and distortion and wave action responds.
Below by reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the art, in the scope of principle of the present invention and technological thought, multiple change, amendment, replacement and distortion are carried out to these embodiments and still falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. measure the device that wave affects pile foundation level load-carrying properties, it is characterized in that: comprise the wave paddle be arranged in tank, slope base, tank groove and wave suppression arrangement, described wave paddle is located at one end of tank, for simulated waves environment; Described wave suppression arrangement is located at the other end of tank, for eliminating reflexion of wave; Place Model Pile in the region that slope base and tank groove are formed and be filled with model clay, described Model Pile top is through water body and top exceeds wave action face, described Model Pile top is provided with charger, be provided with sensor around described charger and Model Pile, described sensor is connected with data collector.
2. a kind of device measured wave and affect pile foundation level load-carrying properties according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described sensor comprises wave height recorder, displacement transducer, dynamometer, foil gauge, acceleration transducer and hole pressure meter.
3. a kind of device measured wave and affect pile foundation level load-carrying properties according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described wave height recorder is used for wave calibration, is vertically fixed on fore-stock, and above tank groove between Model Pile and wave paddle.
4. a kind of device measured wave and affect pile foundation level load-carrying properties according to claim 3, is characterized in that: institute's displacement sensors for measuring the displacement at pile top under horizontal loads, bottom the rear montant being fixed on fore-stock.
5. a kind of device measured wave and pile foundation level load-carrying properties are affected according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described type stake top is provided with sleeve, described sleeve arranges draw ring, and the probe front of institute's displacement sensors is contacted with the barrel forward end of Model Pile.
6. a kind of device measured wave and pile foundation level load-carrying properties are affected according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: above the tank between Model Pile and wave suppression arrangement, be fixed with after-poppet, lower sheave is fixed below montant before after-poppet, slot and fix top sheave in the middle of after-poppet top rear, wire rope is adopted to be connected between load plate with draw ring, steel wire penetrating lower sheave and top sheave and dynamometer is set between draw ring and lower sheave.
7. a kind of device measured wave and pile foundation level load-carrying properties are affected according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: pile strain when described foil gauge is for measuring wave action, stake is long to be evenly arranged in Model Pile, and is arranged symmetrically with along pile body circumferential section; Described speed pickup, for measuring displacement at pile top change, is arranged at the tapping on a top cover cylinder.
8. a kind of device measured wave and affect pile foundation level load-carrying properties according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described hole pressure meter, for measuring soil body pore water pressure change under wave action, is arranged on the inner different depth place of model clay.
9. measure the method that wave affects pile foundation level load-carrying properties, it is characterized in that, comprise the Installation and Measurement of device, installation steps are as follows:
1, section position arranges tank groove in the sink, and the bottom of gullet before and after tank groove places two slope bases;
2, paste foil gauge at Model Pile inwall and smear silica gel and do water-proofing treatment, the bottom of Model Pile arranges back cover disk and at stake top installing sleeve, mounting hole pressure meter on the precalculated position of lower carriage, in the space that tank groove and slope base are formed, model clay is inserted in layering, and puts into Model Pile in pre-position;
3, after banketing, retaining is to predetermined still water level in the sink; Wave-height gauge and displacement transducer are mounted to fore-stock, fore-stock is fixed on the tank roof before Model Pile, make wave-height gauge between Model Pile and wave paddle and displacement transducer probe peaks at pile cover front end;
4, lower sheave is mounted to before after-poppet below montant, and slots and fix top sheave in the middle of the top rear of after-poppet; Wire rope connects one end and connects draw ring and connect dynamometer, then through lower sheave and top sheave, the other end connects load plate; After-poppet is fixed on the roof of the tank after Model Pile, and keeps being positioned at more than the water surface to load plate during Model Pile horizontal addload;
5, degree of will speed up sensor is mounted to sleeve tapping, by wire, displacement transducer, acceleration transducer, hole pressure meter and foil gauge is connected to data collector;
Measuring process is as follows:
1, after all installment works complete, by static for this device 24 hours, tune-up data harvester subsequently, after confirming that all test original papers are working properly, carries at the enterprising windrow of load plate, controls preloading value according to the reading of dynamometer simultaneously; By the numerical value that classification applies horizontal dead load and obtains from displacement transducer, obtain the pile foundation level bearer properties before wave action;
2, remove this device, again carry out the installment work of banketing with correlation model, instrument, the front end of wire rope does not temporarily connect draw ring; After static 24 hours, use wave paddle to generate and specify wave, Model Pile is carried out to the wave action of certain number of times, and press the process data of meter and foil gauge by data collecting instrument recorded bit displacement sensor, hole, obtain pile foundation internal force, the soil body response characteristic under wave action;
3, stop wave action, wire rope connects draw ring, applies and the horizontal dead load effect not acting on equal conditions before wave, obtains the pile foundation level bearer properties after wave action;
4, twice pile foundation level static test before and after contrast, specifies the impact of wave on pile foundation level load-carrying properties, and the soil body obtained during different tests stage Internal forces and distortion and wave action responds.
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2015
- 2015-11-05 CN CN201510747330.1A patent/CN105424315B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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