CN105423901B - The five interdigital metal strain plates in sensitive grid side of axial direction distribution of the measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid - Google Patents
The five interdigital metal strain plates in sensitive grid side of axial direction distribution of the measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
Abstract
A kind of axial direction distribution five interdigital metal strain plates in sensitive grid side of the measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid, including substrate and five sensitive grids being fixed thereon, each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the axis of all sensitive segments is in the parallel lines in same plane；In the plane, in the axial direction i.e. axially, with axially vertical for transverse direction；Horizontal zero deflection axially has deviation between each sensitive grid center, and each sensitive grid is to dredge first sensitive grid, dredge second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid from left to right vertically by its center；Preceding two, it is in interdigital arrangement respectively between rear two sensitive grid；Each sensitive grid all-in resistance changing value under identical strain is in 1：1：4：3：3.Sensitive grid in time-sharing multiplex, the present invention almost can measure close second sensitive grid and the axial single order local derviation of close first sensitive grid center simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor field, especially a kind of metal strain plate.
Background technology
The operation principle of metal resistance strain gauge is resistance strain effect, i.e. wire is in effect strained, its electricity
Resistance occurs to change accordingly with the size of mechanically deform occurred (stretching or compression).The theoretical formula of resistance strain effect
It is as follows:
Wherein R is its resistance value, and ρ is metal material resistivity, and L is metal material length, and S is metal material sectional area.
Wire is bearing to strain during mechanically deform occurs, and ρ, L, S three will change, so as to cause gold
Belong to the change of material resistance value.When metal material is stretched, length increase, sectional area reduces, resistance value increase；When compressed
When, length reduces, and sectional area increase, resistance value reduces.Therefore, as long as the change of resistance value can be measured, wire can be known
Strained situation.Metal material resistance change rate formula can be exported by relevant knowledges such as formula (1) and the mechanics of materials
Wherein Δ R is resistance variation amount, and Δ L is the change of metal material length on pulling force or pressure action direction
Amount, ε are that the strain in same direction is usually referred to as axial strain, and K is metal material ga(u)ge factor.
In actual applications, metal resistance strain gauge is pasted onto to the table of Sensor Elastic Element or tested machine components
Face.When the flexible member in sensor or tested machine components are produced strain by active force, foil gauge thereon is pasted onto
Identical mechanically deform occurs therewith, causes strain sheet resistance that corresponding change occurs.At this moment, resistance strain gage is just by mechanical quantity
Be converted to the variable quantity output of resistance.
But we are also required to understand the partial derivative of workpiece strain sometimes, for example there are three kinds of occasions, but not limited to this below
Three, it is necessary to use workpiece surface strain partial derivative：
First, due to nearby occurring that strain is concentrated, and often occurs damaging it first as workpiece at workpiece shapes mutation
Place, the strain partial derivative near at shape mutation is monitored, can intuitively obtain strain intensity at this.
Second, largely existed by comer pieces in building, bridge, plant equipment, the relevant knowledge of the mechanics of materials is taught that, bending
The axial strain of beam surface is directly proportional to section turn moment, and the axial first-order partial derivative of section turn moment is directly proportional to section shearing strain,
Exactly section shearing strain can be known by the axial first-order partial derivative of surface axial strain, and the shearing strain can not use foil gauge
Arrived in workpiece surface direct measurement；
3rd, when applied elasticity research workpiece strains, internal strain is decided by partial differential equation, and equation solution needs
Boundary condition, and workpiece surface strain partial derivative is exactly one of boundary condition, this is that general foil gauge can not provide.
In addition, to some positions of workpiece, such as the position such as at the shaft shoulder, part edge, due to the mutation of geomery, its
Bigger change often accordingly be present in strain.However, just due to the mutation of geomery so that more difficult placement in general at this
Foil gauge is, it is necessary to the product of a kind of inclined marginal position of energy measuring strain piece rather than center position strain local derviation.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of that existing metal strain plate can not detect strain local derviation, the present invention provides one kind and can measured
The axial direction point of the measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid of energy effective detection surface strain axial direction local derviation should be changed
The interdigital metal strain plate in sensitive grid side of cloth five, particularly measuring workpiece corner, edge etc. has size restriction site to foil gauge
Axial single order local derviation.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of axial direction five interdigital metals in sensitive grid side of distribution of measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid should
Become piece, including substrate, it is characterised in that：The metal strain plate also includes five sensitive grids, the both ends difference of each sensitive grid
A pin is connected, five sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate；
Each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the both ends of the sensitive segment are changeover portion, and the sensitive segment is in thin
Strip, the changeover portion are in tubbiness shape, and the resistance of the sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of the changeover portion, same strain state
Under the increased resistance value of the sensitive segment be much larger than the increased resistance value of the changeover portion, the increased resistance value of the changeover portion connects
It is bordering on 0；
All cross section centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, and the sensitive segment axis is straight line section, institute
In stating the diameter parallel of each sensitive segment in five sensitive grids and being generally aligned in the same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, edge
The sensitive segment axis direction is axially, with axially vertical direction for laterally；Its both sides resistance value be present on each sensitive segment
An equal cross section, take the cross-section centroid position and formed place sensitive segment by nominal mass of the sensitive segment resistance value
Nominal particle, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is collectively forming are the center of sensitive grid；
Zero deflection in the horizontal between each sensitive grid center, there is deviation in the axial direction；Each sensitive grid presses sensitive grid centre bit
The order put, it is followed successively by thin first sensitive grid from left to right vertically, dredges second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and Mi Jia
Sensitive grid.It is Δ x to dredge distance between first sensitive grid center and middle sensitive grid centerA, in middle sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid
Distance is also Δ x between the heartA；It is Δ x to dredge distance between second sensitive grid center and middle sensitive grid centerB, middle sensitive grid center with it is close
Distance is also Δ x between second sensitive grid centerB；The distance for dredging first sensitive grid center and thin second sensitive grid center is Δ x1, close first is quick
It is Δ x to feel distance between grid center and close second sensitive grid center1；Δx1=Δ xA-ΔxB；
Each sensitive segment axis determines in plane that it is in interdigital arrangement between first sensitive grid and thin second sensitive grid that the left side, which is dredged, right
It is in interdigital arrangement between the close first sensitive grid in side and close second sensitive grid, without the interdigital arrangement between other sensitive grids；
The sensitive segment all-in resistance for dredge first sensitive grid, dredging second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid is in
1：1：4：3：3 proportionate relationship, dredge first sensitive grid, dredge the quick of second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid
The all-in resistance changing value for feeling section sensitive segment under identical strain is also in 1：1：4：3：3 proportionate relationship.
Further, all shape of cross section sizes of each sensitive segment are consistent, take the axis point midway of each sensitive segment
And the nominal particle of place sensitive segment is formed using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass, the thin first sensitive grid, dredge second sensitivity
Grid, middle sensitive grid, the sensitive segment total length of close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid are in 1：1：4：3：3 proportionate relationship.The program
For a kind of scheme that can be selected, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal cross section position of form center of its both sides resistance value i.e.
Can or other positions.
Further, the pin of the close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is respectively positioned on the inside of foil gauge.Purpose is to reduce
The distance of close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid to foil gauge right side edge.
Further, the sensitive segment axial length of relatively middle sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid can it is shorter and
Cross direction profiles can be closeer.Purpose is the distance for reducing close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid center to foil gauge right side edge.
Among five sensitive grids, except being in interdigital arrangement between above-mentioned two pairs of sensitive grids, without between other sensitive grids
Interdigital arrangement.The interdigital arrangement refers to：Two sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis institute in the plane, vertical with sensitive segment axis
The sensitive segment of two sensitive grids distribution straggly on direction, the order occurred respectively to the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in this direction and time
Number is not limited.
Using the linear relationship between metal material increased resistance value and strain, this foil gauge is as common foil gauge
It can be used for measuring strain.On the other hand, according in numerical differentiation theory, (such as Yi Fengkang is compiled, National Defense Industry Press 1978
December in year publishes《Numerical computation method》Page 21 (1.4.11)-(1.4.14) formulas make equidistant interpolation analysis) on single order local derviation
Circular, the numerical computation method of f (x, y) x directions first-order partial derivative is as follows：
Wherein x1=x0+ h, x2=x1+ h, it is (x to pay special attention to above formula2, y) position first-order partial derivative value formula, the formula
Smaller truncated error is o (h2) be step-length square higher order indefinite small.By being generally acknowledged that sensitive gate resistance in formula (2) engineering
Variable quantity direct ratio and the strain at sensitive grid center, with reference to each sensitive gate resistance and the ratio of the resistance change under same strain
Example relation, dredge the resistance of first sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid and subtract the resistance value of middle sensitive grid, then divided by thin first sensitive grid in
The heart and the distance at close first sensitive grid center are the axial single order numerical value local derviation of strain, are that close first is sensitive according to theoretical this of numerical differentiation
The axial single order numerical value local derviation of grid center；Equally, dredge the resistance of second sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid and subtract middle sensitive grid
Resistance value, then divided by thin second sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center distance for strain axial single order numerical value local derviation,
According to numerical differentiation it is theoretical this be close second sensitive grid center axial single order numerical value local derviation.Above-mentioned close first sensitive grid and close second
The axial single order local derviation of sensitive grid center can be realized by centering sensitive grid time-sharing multiplex and almost measured simultaneously.Therefore should answer
The advantage for becoming piece is that its right side can be used for the general foil gauge such as measurement workpiece corner, edge because size limitation can not measurement portion
The axial single order local derviation of close positions at the two of position.
It should be noted that keeping dredging first sensitive grid, dredging second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitivity in technique
The variable quantity of grid changeover portion all-in resistance and changeover portion resistance under external strain is in 1：1：4：3：3 numerical relation is surveyed with heightening
Accuracy of measurement, if the resistance of changeover portion and the lower resistance change of strain be can not ignore, systematic error can be also used as in detection
Eliminated.
Further, the metal strain plate also includes cover plate, and the cover plate is covered in the sensitive grid and substrate.
Further, the sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
Further, the substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos base bottom, metallic substrates or temporary substrate.
Five sensitive grid left, center, right are arranged in substrate.It is of course also possible to it is other arrangements.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in：By the time-sharing multiplex of centering sensitive grid, foil gauge can almost simultaneously
Detect the surface strain axial direction single order local derviation of close first sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center Liang Ge positions, particularly foil gauge
The measurable workpiece corner in right side, edge etc. have close positions axial direction single order local derviation at the two of size restriction site to foil gauge.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the axial direction five interdigital metals in sensitive grid side of distribution of the measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid should
Become the schematic diagram of piece.
Fig. 2 is that the axial direction five interdigital metals in sensitive grid side of distribution of the measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid should
Become piece top view.
Fig. 3 is measuring bridge schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
1~Fig. 3 of reference picture, a kind of five sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid
The interdigital metal strain plate in side, including substrate, it is characterised in that：The metal strain plate also includes five sensitive grids, each sensitive
The both ends of grid connect a pin respectively, and five sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate；
Each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the both ends of the sensitive segment are changeover portion, and the sensitive segment is in thin
Strip, the changeover portion are in tubbiness shape, and the resistance of the sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of the changeover portion, same strain state
Under the increased resistance value of the sensitive segment be much larger than the increased resistance value of the changeover portion, the increased resistance value of the changeover portion connects
It is bordering on 0；
All cross section centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, and the sensitive segment axis is straight line section, institute
In stating the diameter parallel of each sensitive segment in five sensitive grids and being generally aligned in the same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, edge
The sensitive segment axis direction is axially, with axially vertical direction for laterally；Its both sides resistance value be present on each sensitive segment
An equal cross section, take the cross-section centroid position and formed place sensitive segment by nominal mass of the sensitive segment resistance value
Nominal particle, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is collectively forming are the center of sensitive grid；
Zero deflection in the horizontal between each sensitive grid center, there is deviation in the axial direction；Each sensitive grid presses sensitive grid centre bit
The order put, it is followed successively by thin first sensitive grid from left to right vertically, dredges second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and Mi Jia
Sensitive grid.It is Δ x to dredge distance between first sensitive grid center and middle sensitive grid centerA, in middle sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid
Distance is also Δ x between the heartA；It is Δ x to dredge distance between second sensitive grid center and middle sensitive grid centerB, middle sensitive grid center with it is close
Distance is also Δ x between second sensitive grid centerB；The distance for dredging first sensitive grid center and thin second sensitive grid center is Δ x1, close first is quick
It is Δ x to feel distance between grid center and close second sensitive grid center1；Δx1=Δ xA-ΔxB；
Each sensitive segment axis determines in plane that it is in interdigital arrangement between first sensitive grid and thin second sensitive grid that the left side, which is dredged, right
It is in interdigital arrangement between the close first sensitive grid in side and close second sensitive grid, without the interdigital arrangement between other sensitive grids；
The sensitive segment all-in resistance for dredge first sensitive grid, dredging second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid is in
1：1：4：3：3 proportionate relationship, dredge first sensitive grid, dredge the quick of second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid
The all-in resistance changing value for feeling section sensitive segment under identical strain is also in 1：1：4：3：3 proportionate relationship.
Further, all shape of cross section sizes of each sensitive segment are consistent, take the axis point midway of each sensitive segment
And the nominal particle of place sensitive segment is formed using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass, the thin first sensitive grid, dredge second sensitivity
Grid, middle sensitive grid, the sensitive segment total length of close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid are in 1：1：4：3：3 proportionate relationship.The program
For a kind of scheme that can be selected, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal cross section position of form center of its both sides resistance value i.e.
Can or other positions.
Further, the pin of the close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is respectively positioned on the inside of foil gauge.Purpose is to reduce
The distance of close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid to foil gauge right side edge.
Further, the sensitive segment axial length of relatively middle sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid can it is shorter and
Cross direction profiles can be closeer.Purpose is the distance for reducing close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid center to foil gauge right side edge.
Among five sensitive grids, except being in interdigital arrangement between above-mentioned two pairs of sensitive grids, without between other sensitive grids
Interdigital arrangement.The interdigital arrangement refers to：Two sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis institute in the plane, vertical with sensitive segment axis
The sensitive segment of two sensitive grids distribution straggly on direction, the order occurred respectively to the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in this direction and time
Number is not limited.
The axial direction five sensitive grid sides of distribution of the measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid of the present embodiment are interdigital
Metal strain plate, including substrate 1, the metal strain plate also include five sensitive grids, and the both ends of each sensitive grid connect respectively
A piece pin, five sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate 1.
It is quick that thin first sensitive grid 2, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first can be fixed on substrate 1
Grid 6 are felt, for shape, the positions and dimensions for keeping each sensitive grid to fix；Substrate 1 is very thin, so as to which the strain of surface of test piece is accurate
Really it is delivered to thin first sensitive grid 2, dredges second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6.Substrate 1 can
To be glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos base bottom, metallic substrates and temporary substrate.Generally with cohere, weld, ceramics spray
Substrate is fixed on the tested position of test block by the modes such as painting.Some lines for being used for foil gauge positioning can be also printed in substrate 1.
Cover plate is made of materials such as paper or glue, is covered in thin first sensitive grid 2, is dredged second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second
In sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and substrate 1, play the protective layer of protection against the tide, corrosion protection, loss prevention etc..
Pin 7 is used to connect sensitive grid and measuring circuit, dredges first sensitive grid 2, dredges second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second
Sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 respectively have two pins 7, pair with foil and membrane type foil gauge, the thin first that pin 7 is connected with it
Sensitive grid 2, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 combine as a whole.Dredge first sensitive grid 2
Two pins are 7-1 and 7-2, and two pins for dredging second sensitive grid 3 be 7-3 and 7-4, two pins of middle sensitive grid 4 for 7-5 with
7-6, two pins of close second sensitive grid 5 are 7-7 and 7-8, and two pins of close first sensitive grid 6 are 7-9 and 7-10.Pin 7-7
The left side of close second sensitive grid 5 is respectively positioned on 7-8, it is therefore an objective to reduce the distance that close second sensitive grid 5 arrives foil gauge right side edge；Pin
7-9 and 7-10 is respectively positioned on the left side of close first sensitive grid 6, it is therefore an objective to reduces the distance that close first sensitive grid 6 arrives foil gauge right side edge.
Dredge first sensitive grid 2, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 according to its metal
The difference of sensitive material and processing technology, can be wire form, foil, diaphragm type, thick-film type.No matter which kind of is dredged first sensitive grid 2, dredged
Second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, the equal very little of thickness of close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 so that dredge first sensitive grid 2, dredge second
Sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, the axial length of close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 depend on the deformation of workpiece with it and become
Change.It is of the invention basic it is critical that dredging first sensitive grid 2, dredging second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close
Cooperation between first sensitive grid 6, there are following main points：
First, five sensitive grids are arranged in substrate, thin first sensitive grid 2 is referred to as, dredges second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid
4th, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6.
Second, dredge first sensitive grid 2, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 can divide
For multiple sensitive segments 8 and multiple changeover portions 9, the connection of each sensitive segment 8 is formed sensitive grid by each changeover portion 9.Comparatively, sensitive segment
8 is elongated in shape, and resistance is larger and its resistance is more sensitive to straining；The changeover portion 9 is in tubbiness shape substantially so that the mistake
The resistance very little of section and insensitive to straining is crossed, resistance variations are close to 0 under working condition, therefore the summation of sensitive segment resistance
The all-in resistance of essentially single sensitive grid.Fig. 2 has marked sensitive segment 8 and changeover portion 9 in more detail from apparent angle.
3rd, the sensitive segment 8 of each sensitive grid is in elongated strip, and all cross section centres of form composition of each sensitive segment 8 is quick
Feel section axis, the axis of sensitive segment 8 is straight line section, the diameter parallel of each sensitive segment 8 and is generally aligned in the same plane.Each
Projection of shape of all cross sections of sensitive segment 8 along sensitive segment axis direction is consistent.Take the axis point midway of each sensitive segment
And the nominal particle of place sensitive segment is formed using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass, the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is common
The centroid position of formation is the center of sensitive grid.
4th, dredge first sensitive grid 2, dredge the sensitivity of second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6
Section total length is in 1：1：4：3：3 proportionate relationship；Dredge first sensitive grid 2, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, the close and of second sensitive grid 5
The sensitive segment all-in resistance of close first sensitive grid 6 is in 1：1：4：3：3 proportionate relationship, dredge first sensitive grid 2, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitivity
The all-in resistance changing value of the sensitive segment of grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 sensitive segment under identical strain is also in 1：
1：4：3：3 proportionate relationship.
5th, overlook and dredge first sensitive grid 2, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6,
They are respectively provided with symmetry axis and symmetrical overlapping of axles (x-axis in Fig. 2), dredge first sensitive grid 2, dredge second sensitive grid 3, be middle sensitive grid 4, close
Second sensitive grid 5 and the respective sensitive segment 8 of close first sensitive grid 6 are all parallel with the symmetry axis, the sensitive segment 8 of each sensitive grid on
This axial symmetry is distributed.Therefore, it can be said that it is quick to dredge first sensitive grid 2, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first
It is coaxial to feel grid 6, that is, detects equidirectional strain and dredges first sensitive grid 2, dredges second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5
In x-axis, there is axial deviation at their center without lateral deviation for center with close first sensitive grid 6.Answered according in Fig. 2
Become the top view of piece, the sensitive segment 8 for dredging first sensitive grid 2 has lateral symmetry axle ySA, the center of first sensitive grid 2 is dredged in x-axis and ySAAxle
Intersection point, the sensitive segment 8 for dredging second sensitive grid 3 has lateral symmetry axle ySB, the center of second sensitive grid 3 is dredged in x-axis and ySBThe friendship of axle
Point, the sensitive segment 8 of middle sensitive grid 4 have lateral symmetry axle yM, the center of middle sensitive grid 4 is in x-axis and yMThe intersection point of axle, close second are sensitive
The sensitive segment 8 of grid 5 has lateral symmetry axle yDB, the center of close second sensitive grid 5 is in x-axis and yDBThe intersection point of axle, close first sensitive grid 6
Sensitive segment 8 has lateral symmetry axle yDA, the center of close first sensitive grid 6 is in x-axis and yDAThe intersection point of axle.
6th, it is Δ x to dredge distance between the center of first sensitive grid 2 and the center of middle sensitive grid 4A, the center of middle sensitive grid 4
Distance is also Δ x between the center of close first sensitive grid 6A；Dredge the spacing at the center of second sensitive grid 3 and the center of middle sensitive grid 4
From for Δ xB, distance is also Δ x between the center of middle sensitive grid 4 and the center of close second sensitive grid 5B；Dredge the center of first sensitive grid 2
Distance with the center of thin second sensitive grid 3 is Δ x1, distance between the center of close second sensitive grid 5 and the center of close first sensitive grid 6
For Δ x1, Δ x1=Δ xA-ΔxB, as shown in Figure 2.As shown in Figure 2, each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, and it is quick that first is dredged on the left side
It is in interdigital arrangement to feel between grid 2 and thin second sensitive grid 3, is in interdigital arrangement between the close second sensitive grid 5 in the right and close first sensitive grid 6,
Without the interdigital arrangement between other sensitive grids.The interdigital arrangement refers to：Plane where the axis of each sensitive segment 8 of two sensitive grids
On, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids in sensitive segment axis vertical direction, to the quick of two sensitive grids in this direction
The order and number that sense section occurs respectively are not limited.It is quick due to dredging first sensitive grid 2, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second
The relative position of sense grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6 is ensured relatively accurately to be secured by foil gauge production technology, and this is also this hair
The bright workpiece that can detect strains one of key of axial partial derivative.
In summary, the thin first sensitive grid 2 of the present invention, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4, close second sensitive grid 5 and close first are quick
The all-in resistance changing value for feeling sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of grid 6 is also in 1：1：4：3：3 proportionate relationship, each sensitivity
Grid central cross zero deflection, axially there is deviation, and it is Δ x to dredge distance between the center of first sensitive grid 2 and the center of middle sensitive grid 4A,
Distance is also Δ x between the center of middle sensitive grid 4 and the center of close first sensitive grid 6A；Dredge the center of second sensitive grid 3 and middle sensitivity
Distance is Δ x between the center of grid 4B, distance is also Δ x between the center of middle sensitive grid 4 and the center of close second sensitive grid 5B；Dredge
The distance at the center of first sensitive grid 2 and the center of thin second sensitive grid 3 is Δ x1, the center of close second sensitive grid 5 and close first sensitive grid 6
Center between distance be Δ x1, Δ x1=Δ xA-ΔxB。
It is R to make and the resistance of first sensitive grid 2 is dredged under free stateL0, the middle resistance of sensitive grid 4 is RM0, the close resistance of first sensitive grid 6 is
RR0, should there is RL0+RR0=RM0=R0.When the foil gauge of the present invention is placed in into certain surface strain, dredging the resistance of first sensitive grid 2 is
R0+ΔRL, the middle resistance of sensitive grid 4 is R0+ΔRM0, the close resistance of first sensitive grid 6 is R0+ΔRR；On the other hand, dredge first sensitive grid 2 with
And the center of close first sensitive grid 6 is located at x-axis and y in Fig. 2 respectivelySAIntersection point and x-axis and yDAIntersection point, at a distance of 2 Δs on axial direction
xA.Formula (3) using the relation and numerical differentiation of sensitive gate resistance and surface strain has：
WhereinFor the center of close first sensitive grid 6, εLTo dredge the strain at the center of first sensitive grid 2, εMFor middle sensitive grid
Strain at 4 centers, εRFor the strain at the close center of first sensitive grid 6.This is that the present embodiment measurement surface strains axial local derviation
Principle.Pay special attention to, the numerical differentiation that above formula is calculated is inclined for the strain axial direction single order of the center of close first sensitive grid 6
Lead, the position is the right side of foil gauge, therefore has and be easy to measurement workpiece corner, edge etc. to have size limitation to foil gauge
The advantage of the axial single order local derviation at position.With reference to Fig. 2, it is noted that the sensitivity of the middle sensitive grid 4 of sensitive segment 8 of close first sensitive grid 6
Section it is 8 short (in actual figure 2 above the length of sensitive segment 8 of close first sensitive grid 6 for the sensitive segment 8 of middle sensitive grid 4 half), it is close in transverse direction
The sensitive segment 8 of first sensitive grid 6 arranges that closeer (hop count of the sensitive segment 8 of close first sensitive grid 6 is middle sensitive grid 4 in actual figure 2 above
3/2 times of the hop count of sensitive segment 8), and the pin 7-9 and 7-10 of close first sensitive grid 6 be arranged in the left side of close first sensitive grid 6, its
Purpose is to reduce the close center of first sensitive grid 6 as far as possible to the distance of foil gauge right side edge, above-mentioned in order to further play
Advantage.Equally, answering for the close center of second sensitive grid 5 of calculating can be coordinated by dredging second sensitive grid 3, middle sensitive grid 4 and close second sensitive grid 5
Become axial first-order partial derivative；The density arranged in transverse direction is increased by the length for the sensitive segment 8 for shortening close second sensitive grid 5, and will
The pin arrangement of close second sensitive grid 5 and the left side of the sensitive grid, reduce the close center of second sensitive grid 5 to foil gauge right side edge as far as possible
Distance.The strain for straining axial single order local derviation and the close center of second sensitive grid 5 of the center of above-mentioned close first sensitive grid 6
Axial first-order partial derivative can be realized by the time-sharing multiplex of centering sensitive grid 4 and almost measured simultaneously.
Electric bridge is coordinated to can be used for measuring strain, strain axial single order local derviation the present embodiment, it is assumed that bridge input voltage is
ui, output voltage uo, the schematic diagram of measuring bridge is shown in Fig. 3.When without workpiece effects of strain, each arm resistance of electric bridge is according to up time
Pin direction is respectively labeled as R1、R2、R3、R4, in the also electric bridge where these sign flag resistance in the case of will not obscuring.Often
The sensitive grid or resistance of foil gauge can be laid on individual electric bridge.It is identical with general foil gauge arrangement, if in multiple bridge arms
Upper placement sensitive grid, the requirement of order, strain difinite quality to each installation position.During without workpiece effects of strain, the output of electric bridge
Voltage equation is
Now, it is desirable to bridge balance i.e. uo=0, then it must is fulfilled for so-called bridge balance condition R1R3-R2R4=0,
The electric bridge of use further meets
R1=R2=R3=R4, (6)
Since first, when meeting condition (6), according to relevant theoretical foil gauge sensitivity highest；Second, measuring strain or
The method that person strains axial local derviation is required to condition (6) establishment.When foil gauge also strains with external world's strain, above-mentioned electric bridge
Equilibrium condition is typically no longer set up, now
Due to Δ Ri＜ ＜ RiFirst ≈ of (i=1,2,3,4) event is set up, and second ≈ works as Δ R1-ΔR2With Δ R3-ΔR4
Jack per line or contrary sign but | Δ R1-ΔR2| with | Δ R3-ΔR4| not in close proximity to when set up, the reasonable selection foil gauge in engineering
Installation position can be realized completely.It is generally available the voltage measurement strain of formula (7) acquisition；Can convolution to straining axial local derviation
(4) and formula (7), reasonable design arrange each bridge arm sensitive grid and resistance, such as bridge arm R1Sensitive grid 4 in arrangement, bridge arm R2Series connection
Close first sensitive grid 6 and thin first sensitive grid 2 are arranged, remaining bridge arm configuration substitutional resistance, can be obtained with being answered at the close center of first sensitive grid 6
Become the linear magnitude of voltage u of axial single order local derviationo, the voltage is that small-signal need to be amplified.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. five interdigital metal strains in sensitive grid side of axial direction distribution of measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid Piece, including substrate, it is characterised in that：The metal strain plate also includes five sensitive grids, and the both ends of each sensitive grid connect respectively A pin is connect, five sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate；Each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the both ends of the sensitive segment are changeover portion, and the sensitive segment is in elongate strip Shape, the changeover portion are in tubbiness shape, and the resistance of the sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of the changeover portion, institute under same strain state The increased resistance value for stating sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of the changeover portion, the increased resistance value of the changeover portion close to 0；All cross section centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, and the sensitive segment axis is straight line section, and described five The diameter parallel of each sensitive segment and it is generally aligned in the same plane in individual sensitive grid, sensitive segment axis determined in plane, along described Sensitive segment axis direction is axially, with axially vertical direction for laterally；It is equal to there is its both sides resistance value on each sensitive segment A cross section, take the cross-section centroid position and using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass formed where sensitive segment name Particle, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is collectively forming are the center of sensitive grid；Zero deflection in the horizontal between each sensitive grid center, there is deviation in the axial direction；Each sensitive grid is by sensitive grid center Sequentially, it is followed successively by thin first sensitive grid from left to right vertically, dredges second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitivity Grid；It is Δ x to dredge distance between first sensitive grid center and middle sensitive grid centerA, middle sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center it Between distance be also Δ xA；It is Δ x to dredge distance between second sensitive grid center and middle sensitive grid centerB, middle sensitive grid center and close second are quick Distance is also Δ x between feeling grid centerB；The distance for dredging first sensitive grid center and thin second sensitive grid center is Δ x1, close second sensitive grid Distance is Δ x between center and close first sensitive grid center1；Δx1=Δ xA-ΔxB；Each sensitive segment axis determines in plane that it is in interdigital arrangement between first sensitive grid and thin second sensitive grid that the left side, which is dredged, and the right is close It is in interdigital arrangement between first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid, without the interdigital arrangement between other sensitive grids；Dredge first sensitive grid, dredge the sensitive segment all-in resistance of second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid in 1：1： 4：3：3 proportionate relationship, dredge first sensitive grid, dredge the sensitive segment of second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid The all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment is also in 1 under identical strain：1：4：3：3 proportionate relationship.
- 2. the axial direction five sensitive grid sides of distribution of the measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 Interdigital metal strain plate, it is characterised in that：All shape of cross section sizes of each sensitive segment are consistent, take the axle of each sensitive segment Line point midway and the nominal particle that place sensitive segment is formed using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass, the thin first are sensitive Grid, the sensitive segment total length of second sensitive grid, middle sensitive grid, close second sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid is dredged in 1：1：4：3：3 ratio Relation.
- 3. the axial direction distribution five of the measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is sensitive The interdigital metal strain plate in grid side, it is characterised in that：The pin of the close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is respectively positioned in foil gauge Side.
- 4. the axial direction distribution five of the measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is sensitive The interdigital metal strain plate in grid side, it is characterised in that：The sensitive segment axial direction of relatively middle sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid Length can be shorter and cross direction profiles can be closeer.
- 5. the axial direction distribution five of the measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is sensitive The interdigital metal strain plate in grid side, it is characterised in that：The metal strain plate also includes cover plate, and the cover plate is covered in the sensitivity On grid and substrate.
- 6. the axial direction distribution five of the measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is sensitive The interdigital metal strain plate in grid side, it is characterised in that：The sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
- 7. the axial direction distribution five of the measurable unilateral central axial local derviation of double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is sensitive The interdigital metal strain plate in grid side, it is characterised in that：The substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos base bottom or metal Substrate.
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Effective date of registration: 20200729 Address after: 221300 Tushan street, Tushan Town, Pizhou City, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Pizhou Huiteng Jingfa Construction Co.,Ltd. Address before: 510000 unit 2414-2416, building, No. five, No. 371, Tianhe District, Guangdong, China Patentee before: GUANGDONG GAOHANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OPERATION Co.,Ltd. Effective date of registration: 20200729 Address after: 510000 unit 2414-2416, building, No. five, No. 371, Tianhe District, Guangdong, China Patentee after: GUANGDONG GAOHANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OPERATION Co.,Ltd. Address before: The city Zhaohui six districts Chao Wang Road Hangzhou city Zhejiang province Zhejiang University of Technology No. 18 310014 Patentee before: ZHEJIANG University OF TECHNOLOGY |