CN105371746B - Interdigital metal strain plate in five sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid - Google Patents
Interdigital metal strain plate in five sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
Abstract
Interdigital metal strain plate in five sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of a kind of measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid, including substrate and five sensitive grids being fixed thereon, each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the axis of all sensitive segments is in coplanar parallel lines；In the plane, in the axial direction i.e. axially, with axially vertical direction for laterally；Between five sensitive grid centers horizontal zero deflection and axially have deviation；Each sensitive grid is from left to right vertically thin sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid by its center sequence of positions；It is in interdigital arrangement respectively between two, middle part, two, the right sensitive grid, its sensitive segment all-in resistance changing value under identical strain is in 3：8：8：5：5.Sensitive grid is dredged by time-sharing multiplex, the present invention almost can measure Mi Jia simultaneously, the close right outside in second sensitive grid center to the center spacing is equal to strain axial direction single order local derviation of the center at Zhong Jia, middle second sensitive grid center spacing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor field, especially a kind of metal strain plate.
Background technology
The operation principle of metal resistance strain gauge is resistance strain effect, i.e. wire is in effect strained, its electricity
Resistance occurs to change accordingly with the size of mechanically deform occurred (stretching or compression).The theoretical formula of resistance strain effect
It is as follows:
Wherein R is its resistance value, and ρ is metal material resistivity, and L is metal material length, and S is metal material sectional area.
Wire is bearing to strain during mechanically deform occurs, and ρ, L, S three will change, so as to cause gold
Belong to the change of material resistance value.When metal material is stretched, length increase, sectional area reduces, resistance value increase；When compressed
When, length reduces, and sectional area increase, resistance value reduces.Therefore, as long as the change of resistance value can be measured, wire can be known
Strained situation.Metal material resistance change rate formula can be exported by relevant knowledges such as formula (1) and the mechanics of materials
Wherein Δ R is resistance variation amount, and Δ L is the change of metal material length on pulling force or pressure action direction
Amount, ε are that the strain in same direction is usually referred to as axial strain, and K is metal material ga(u)ge factor.
In actual applications, metal resistance strain gauge is pasted onto to the table of Sensor Elastic Element or tested machine components
Face.When the flexible member in sensor or tested machine components are produced strain by active force, foil gauge thereon is pasted onto
Identical mechanically deform occurs therewith, causes strain sheet resistance that corresponding change occurs.At this moment, resistance strain gage is just by mechanical quantity
Be converted to the variable quantity output of resistance.
But we are also required to understand the partial derivative of workpiece strain sometimes, for example there are three kinds of occasions, but not limited to this below
Three, it is necessary to use workpiece surface strain partial derivative：
First, due to nearby occurring that strain is concentrated, and often occurs damaging it first as workpiece at workpiece shapes mutation
Place, the strain partial derivative near at shape mutation is monitored, can intuitively obtain strain intensity at this.
Second, largely existed by comer pieces in building, bridge, plant equipment, the relevant knowledge of the mechanics of materials is taught that, bending
The axial strain of beam surface is directly proportional to section turn moment, and the axial partial derivative of section turn moment is directly proportional to section shearing strain, that is,
Section shearing strain can be known by the axial partial derivative of surface axial strain, and the shearing strain can not use foil gauge in workpiece table
Face direct measurement arrives；
3rd, when applied elasticity research workpiece strains, internal strain is decided by partial differential equation, and equation solution needs
Boundary condition, and workpiece surface strain partial derivative is exactly one of boundary condition, this is that general foil gauge can not provide.
In addition, to some positions of workpiece, such as the position such as at the shaft shoulder, part edge, due to the mutation of geomery, its
Bigger change often accordingly be present in strain.However, just due to the mutation of geomery so that more difficult placement in general at this
Foil gauge is, it is necessary to the production of a kind of energy inclined edge of measuring strain piece even edge outer fix rather than center position strain local derviation
Product.It so just may be implemented in and avoid arranging foil gauge at a certain distance from the more difficult target measured point for laying foil gauge, and finally survey
Measure the strain local derviation at the target measured point.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of that existing metal strain plate can not detect strain local derviation, the present invention provides one kind and can measured
The axial direction point of axial local derviation on the outside of the measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid of energy effective detection surface strain axial direction local derviation should be changed
Interdigital metal strain plate in the sensitive grid of cloth five, particularly measure workpiece corner, edge etc. have to foil gauge size restriction site or
Person other should not arrange the axial single order local derviation of foil gauge position.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
Interdigital metal should in five sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of a kind of measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid
Become piece, including substrate, the metal strain plate also include five sensitive grids, the both ends of each sensitive grid connect one and drawn respectively
Pin, five sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate；
Each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the both ends of the sensitive segment are changeover portion, and the sensitive segment is in thin
Strip, the changeover portion are in tubbiness shape, and the resistance of the sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of the changeover portion, same strain state
Under the increased resistance value of the sensitive segment be much larger than the increased resistance value of the changeover portion, the increased resistance value of the changeover portion connects
It is bordering on 0；
All cross section centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, and the sensitive segment axis is straight line section, institute
In stating the diameter parallel of each sensitive segment in five sensitive grids and being generally aligned in the same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, edge
The sensitive segment axis direction is axially, with axially vertical direction for laterally；Its both sides resistance value be present on each sensitive segment
An equal cross section, take the cross-section centroid position and formed place sensitive segment by nominal mass of the sensitive segment resistance value
Nominal particle, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is collectively forming are the center of sensitive grid；
Zero deflection in the horizontal between each sensitive grid center, there is deviation in the axial direction；Each sensitive grid presses sensitive grid centre bit
The order put, it is followed successively by thin sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second from left to right vertically
Sensitive grid.It is Δ x to dredge distance between sensitive grid center and middle first sensitive grid centerA, middle first sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid
Distance is also Δ x between centerA；It is Δ x to dredge distance between sensitive grid center and middle second sensitive grid centerB, middle second sensitive grid center
Distance is also Δ x between close second sensitive grid centerB, Δ xB＞ Δs xA；Middle first sensitive grid center and middle second sensitive grid center away from
From for Δ x1, distance is 2 Δ x between close first sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center1, Δ x1=Δ xB-ΔxA；
Each sensitive segment axis determined in plane, between first sensitive grid and middle second sensitive grid is in interdigital arrangement in middle part, right
It is in interdigital arrangement between the close first sensitive grid in side and close second sensitive grid, without the interdigital arrangement between other sensitive grids；
Dredging sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, the sensitive segment all-in resistance of close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is in
3：8：8：5：5 proportionate relationship, dredge the quick of sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid
The all-in resistance changing value for feeling section sensitive segment under identical strain is also in 3：8：8：5：5 proportionate relationship.
Further, all shape of cross section sizes of each sensitive segment are consistent, take the axis point midway of each sensitive segment
And using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass formed where sensitive segment nominal particle, the thin sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid,
The sensitive segment total length of middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is in 3：8：8：5：5 proportionate relationship.The program is
A kind of scheme that can be selected, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal cross section position of form center of its both sides resistance value i.e.
Can or other positions.
Further, the pin of the close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is respectively positioned on the inside of foil gauge.Purpose is to reduce
The distance of close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid to foil gauge right side edge.
Further, the sensitive segment axle of relatively middle first sensitive grid and middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid
Can be shorter to length and cross direction profiles can be closeer.Purpose is to reduce close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid center to foil gauge right side
The distance at edge.
Among five sensitive grids, except being in interdigital arrangement between above-mentioned two pairs of sensitive grids, without between other sensitive grids
Interdigital arrangement.The interdigital arrangement refers to：Two sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis institute in the plane, vertical with sensitive segment axis
The sensitive segment of two sensitive grids distribution straggly on direction, the order occurred respectively to the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in this direction and time
Number is not limited.
Using the linear relationship between metal material increased resistance value and strain, this foil gauge is as common foil gauge
It can be used for measuring strain.On the other hand, according in numerical differentiation theory, (such as Yi Fengkang is compiled, National Defense Industry Press 1978
December in year publishes《Numerical computation method》Page 21 (1.4.11)-(1.4.14) formulas make equidistant interpolation analysis) on single order local derviation
Circular, the numerical computation method of f (x, y) x directions first-order partial derivative is as follows：
Wherein x1=x0+ h, x2=x1+ h, it is (x to pay special attention to above formula2+ h, y) position first-order partial derivative value formula, the formula
Truncated error it is smaller be o (h2) be step-length square higher order indefinite small.By being generally acknowledged that sensitive grid electricity in formula (2) engineering
The strain at variable quantity direct ratio and sensitive grid center is hindered, with reference to each sensitive gate resistance and the resistance change under same strain
Proportionate relationship, dredge the resistance of sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid and subtract the resistance value of middle first sensitive grid, then divided by thin sensitive grid in
The heart and the distance at close first sensitive grid center are the axial single order numerical value local derviation of strain, are that close first is sensitive according to theoretical this of numerical differentiation
The axial single order numerical value local derviation at h distances, h here are equal to thin sensitive grid center to close first sensitive grid certainly to the right at grid center
The half of distance between center；Equally, dredge the resistance of sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid and subtract the resistance value of middle second sensitive grid, then
Divided by the distance at thin sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center is the axial single order numerical value local derviation of strain, is managed according to numerical differentiation
It is axial single order numerical value local derviation of the close second sensitive grid center to the right at h distances by this, h here is equal in thin sensitive grid certainly
Half of the heart to distance between close second sensitive grid center.The axial single order local derviation of position can be by dredging sensitive grid at above-mentioned two
Time-sharing multiplex almost measures simultaneously.Therefore the advantage of the foil gauge is that its right side can be used for measurement workpiece corner, edge etc. one
As foil gauge due to size limitation can not measuring point two at close positions axial single order local derviation.
It should be noted that keeping dredging sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitivity in technique
The variable quantity of grid changeover portion all-in resistance and changeover portion resistance under external strain is in 3：8：8：5：5 numerical relation is surveyed with heightening
Accuracy of measurement, if the resistance of changeover portion and the lower resistance change of strain be can not ignore, systematic error can be also used as in detection
Eliminated.
Further, the metal strain plate also includes cover plate, and the cover plate is covered in the sensitive grid and substrate.
Further, the sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
Further, the substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos base bottom, metallic substrates or temporary substrate.
Five sensitive grid left, center, right are arranged in substrate.It is of course also possible to it is other arrangements.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in：Sensitive grid is dredged by time-sharing multiplex, foil gauge can be detected almost simultaneously
Axial single order local derviation at the close right outside one in first sensitive grid center and at the right outside one in close second sensitive grid center, wherein close first is sensitive
The right outside in grid center is laterally upper with close first sensitive grid center zero deflection, on axial direction at this and the spacing at close first sensitive grid center etc.
Spacing in middle first sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center；The close right outside in second sensitive grid center is laterally upper sensitive with close second
Grid center zero deflection, the spacing on axial direction at this with close second sensitive grid center be equal to middle second sensitive grid center with close second sensitive grid
The spacing of the heart.Therefore the measurable workpiece corner in right side of foil gauge, edge etc. have phase at the two of size restriction site to foil gauge
Near position axial direction single order local derviation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be on the outside of measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid axial local derviation axial direction distribution five sensitive grids in interdigital metal should
Become the schematic diagram of piece.
Fig. 2 be on the outside of measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid axial local derviation axial direction distribution five sensitive grids in interdigital metal should
Become the top view of piece.
Fig. 3 is measuring bridge schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
1~Fig. 3 of reference picture, five sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of a kind of measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid
In interdigital metal strain plate, including substrate, the metal strain plate also includes five sensitive grids, the both ends difference of each sensitive grid
A pin is connected, five sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate；
Each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the both ends of the sensitive segment are changeover portion, and the sensitive segment is in thin
Strip, the changeover portion are in tubbiness shape, and the resistance of the sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of the changeover portion, same strain state
Under the increased resistance value of the sensitive segment be much larger than the increased resistance value of the changeover portion, the increased resistance value of the changeover portion connects
It is bordering on 0；
All cross section centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, and the sensitive segment axis is straight line section, institute
In stating the diameter parallel of each sensitive segment in five sensitive grids and being generally aligned in the same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, edge
The sensitive segment axis direction is axially, with axially vertical direction for laterally；Its both sides resistance value be present on each sensitive segment
An equal cross section, take the cross-section centroid position and formed place sensitive segment by nominal mass of the sensitive segment resistance value
Nominal particle, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is collectively forming are the center of sensitive grid；
Zero deflection in the horizontal between each sensitive grid center, there is deviation in the axial direction；Each sensitive grid presses sensitive grid centre bit
The order put, it is followed successively by thin sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second from left to right vertically
Sensitive grid.It is Δ x to dredge distance between sensitive grid center and middle first sensitive grid centerA, middle first sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid
Distance is also Δ x between centerA；It is Δ x to dredge distance between sensitive grid center and middle second sensitive grid centerB, middle second sensitive grid center
Distance is also Δ x between close second sensitive grid centerB, Δ xB＞ Δs xA；Middle first sensitive grid center and middle second sensitive grid center away from
From for Δ x1, distance is 2 Δ x between close first sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center1, Δ x1=Δ xB-ΔxA；
Each sensitive segment axis determined in plane, between first sensitive grid and middle second sensitive grid is in interdigital arrangement in middle part, right
It is in interdigital arrangement between the close first sensitive grid in side and close second sensitive grid, without the interdigital arrangement between other sensitive grids；
Dredging sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, the sensitive segment all-in resistance of close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is in
3：8：8：5：5 proportionate relationship, dredge the quick of sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid
The all-in resistance changing value for feeling section sensitive segment under identical strain is also in 3：8：8：5：5 proportionate relationship.
Further, all shape of cross section sizes of each sensitive segment are consistent, take the axis point midway of each sensitive segment
And using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass formed where sensitive segment nominal particle, the thin sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid,
The sensitive segment total length of middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is in 3：8：8：5：5 proportionate relationship.The program is
A kind of scheme that can be selected, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal cross section position of form center of its both sides resistance value i.e.
Can or other positions.
Further, the pin of the close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is respectively positioned on the inside of foil gauge.Purpose is to reduce
The distance of close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid to foil gauge right side edge.
Further, relatively middle first sensitive grid and middle second are sensitive, the sensitive segment axial direction of close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid
Length can be shorter and cross direction profiles can be closeer.Purpose is to reduce close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid center to foil gauge right edge
The distance of edge.
Among five sensitive grids, except being in interdigital arrangement between above-mentioned two pairs of sensitive grids, without between other sensitive grids
Interdigital arrangement.The interdigital arrangement refers to：Two sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis institute in the plane, vertical with sensitive segment axis
The sensitive segment of two sensitive grids distribution straggly on direction, the order occurred respectively to the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in this direction and time
Number is not limited.
It is interdigital in five sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of the measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid of the present embodiment
Metal strain plate, including substrate 1, the metal strain plate also include five sensitive grids, and the both ends of each sensitive grid connect respectively
A piece pin, five sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate 1.
It is quick that thin sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, close first sensitive grid 5 and close second can be fixed on substrate 1
Grid 6 are felt, for shape, the positions and dimensions for keeping each sensitive grid to fix；Substrate 1 is very thin, so as to which the strain of surface of test piece is accurate
Really it is delivered to thin sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, close first sensitive grid 5 and close second sensitive grid 6.Substrate 1 can
To be glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos base bottom, metallic substrates and temporary substrate.Generally with cohere, weld, ceramics spray
Substrate is fixed on the tested position of test block by the modes such as painting.Some lines for being used for foil gauge positioning can be also printed in substrate 1.
Cover plate is made of materials such as paper or glue, is covered in thin sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, Mi Jia
In sensitive grid 5, close second sensitive grid 6 and substrate 1, play the protective layer of protection against the tide, corrosion protection, loss prevention etc..
Pin 7 is used to connect sensitive grid and measuring circuit, dredges sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, Mi Jia
Sensitive grid 5 and close second sensitive grid 6 respectively have two pins 7, pair with foil and membrane type foil gauge, pin 7 is connected thin quick with it
Sense grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, close first sensitive grid 5 and close second sensitive grid 6 combine as a whole.Dredge the two of sensitive grid 2
Individual pin is 7-1 and 7-2, and two pins of middle first sensitive grid 3 are 7-3 and 7-4, two pins of middle second sensitive grid 4 for 7-5 and
7-6, two pins of close first sensitive grid 5 are 7-7 and 7-8, and two pins of close second sensitive grid 6 are 7-9 and 7-10.Pin 7-7
The left side of close first sensitive grid 5 is respectively positioned on 7-8, it is therefore an objective to reduce the distance that close first sensitive grid 5 arrives foil gauge right side edge；Pin
7-9 and 7-10 is respectively positioned on the left side of close second sensitive grid 6, it is therefore an objective to reduces the distance that close second sensitive grid 6 arrives foil gauge right side edge.
Sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, close first sensitive grid 5 and close second sensitive grid 6 are dredged according to its metal
The difference of sensitive material and processing technology, can be wire form, foil, diaphragm type, thick-film type.No matter which kind of dredges sensitive grid 2, middle first
Sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, the equal very little of thickness of close first sensitive grid 5 and close second sensitive grid 6 so that it is quick to dredge sensitive grid 2, middle first
The axial length for feeling grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, close first sensitive grid 5 and close second sensitive grid 6 depends on the deformation of workpiece with it and become
Change.It is of the invention basic it is critical that dredging sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, close first sensitive grid 5 and close
Cooperation between second sensitive grid 6, there are following main points：
First, five sensitive grids are arranged in substrate, are referred to as thin sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid
4th, close first sensitive grid 5 and close second sensitive grid 6.
Second, dredging sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, close first sensitive grid 5 and close second sensitive grid 6 can divide
For multiple sensitive segments 8 and multiple changeover portions 9, the connection of each sensitive segment 8 is formed sensitive grid by each changeover portion 9.Comparatively, sensitive segment
8 is elongated in shape, and resistance is larger and its resistance is more sensitive to straining；The changeover portion 9 is in tubbiness shape substantially so that the mistake
The resistance very little of section and insensitive to straining is crossed, resistance variations are close to 0 under working condition, therefore the summation of sensitive segment resistance
The all-in resistance of essentially single sensitive grid.Fig. 2 has marked sensitive segment 8 and changeover portion 9 in more detail from apparent angle.
3rd, the sensitive segment 8 of each sensitive grid is in elongated strip, and all cross section centres of form composition of each sensitive segment 8 is quick
Feel section axis, the axis of sensitive segment 8 is straight line section, the diameter parallel of each sensitive segment 8 and is generally aligned in the same plane.Each
Projection of shape of all cross sections of sensitive segment 8 along sensitive segment axis direction is consistent.Take the axis point midway of each sensitive segment
And the nominal particle of place sensitive segment is formed using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass, the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is common
The centroid position of formation is the center of sensitive grid.
4th, dredge the sensitivity of sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, close first sensitive grid 5 and close second sensitive grid 6
Section total length is in 3：8：8：5：5 proportionate relationship, dredge sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, the close and of first sensitive grid 5
The sensitive segment all-in resistance of close second sensitive grid 6 is in 3：8：8：5：5 proportionate relationship, it is sensitive to dredge sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second
The all-in resistance changing value of the sensitive segment of grid 4, close first sensitive grid 5 and close second sensitive grid 6 sensitive segment under identical strain is also in 3：
8：8：5：5 proportionate relationship.
5th, overlook and dredge sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, close first sensitive grid 5 and close second sensitive grid 6,
They are respectively provided with symmetry axis and symmetrical overlapping of axles (x-axis in Fig. 2), dredge sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, close
First sensitive grid 5 and the respective sensitive segment 8 of close second sensitive grid 6 are all parallel with the symmetry axis, the sensitive segment 8 of each sensitive grid on
This axial symmetry is distributed.Therefore, it can be said that it is quick to dredge sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, close first sensitive grid 5 and close second
It is coaxial to feel grid 6, that is, detects equidirectional strain and dredges sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, close first sensitive grid 5
In x-axis, there is axial deviation at their center without lateral deviation for center with close second sensitive grid 6.Answered according in Fig. 2
Become the top view of piece, the sensitive segment 8 for dredging sensitive grid 2 has lateral symmetry axle yS, the center of sensitive grid 2 is dredged in x-axis and ySThe friendship of axle
Point, the sensitive segment 8 of middle first sensitive grid 3 have lateral symmetry axle yMA, the center of middle first sensitive grid 3 is in x-axis and yMAThe intersection point of axle, in
The sensitive segment 8 of second sensitive grid 4 has lateral symmetry axle yMB, the center of middle second sensitive grid 4 is in x-axis and yMBThe intersection point of axle, close first are sensitive
The sensitive segment 8 of grid 5 has lateral symmetry axle yDA, the center of close first sensitive grid 5 is in x-axis and yDAThe intersection point of axle, close second sensitive grid 6
Sensitive segment 8 has lateral symmetry axle yDB, the center of close second sensitive grid 6 is in x-axis and yDBThe intersection point of axle.
6th, it is Δ x to dredge distance between the center of sensitive grid 2 and the center of middle first sensitive grid 3A, in middle first sensitive grid 3
Distance is also Δ x between the center of the heart and close first sensitive grid 5A；Dredge between the center of sensitive grid 2 and the center of middle second sensitive grid 4
Distance is Δ xB, distance is also Δ x between the center of middle second sensitive grid 4 and the center of close second sensitive grid 6B, Δ xB＞ Δs xA；In
The distance at the center of first sensitive grid 3 and the center of middle second sensitive grid 4 is Δ x1, the center of close first sensitive grid 5 and close second sensitive grid 6
Center between distance be 2 Δ x1, Δ x1=Δ xB-ΔxA, as shown in Figure 2.As shown in Figure 2, each sensitive segment axis determines to put down
It is in interdigital arrangement, the close first sensitive grid 5 in the right and close second sensitive grid 6 between first sensitive grid 3 and middle second sensitive grid 4 on face, in middle part
Between be in interdigital arrangement, without the interdigital arrangement between other sensitive grids.The interdigital arrangement refers to：Each sensitive segment of two sensitive grids
8 axis institute in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids in sensitive segment axis vertical direction, in this direction
The order and number that the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids occurs respectively are not limited.It is quick due to dredging sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second
The relative position of sense grid 4, close first sensitive grid 5 and close second sensitive grid 6 is ensured relatively accurately to be fixed by foil gauge production technology
, this is also one of key that the present invention can detect the axial partial derivative of workpiece strain.
In summary, the thin sensitive grid 2 of the present invention, middle first sensitive grid 3, middle second sensitive grid 4, close first sensitive grid 5 and close second are quick
The all-in resistance changing value for feeling sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of grid 6 is also in 3：8：8：5：5 proportionate relationship, each sensitivity
Grid central cross zero deflection, axially there is deviation, and it is Δ x to dredge distance between the center of sensitive grid 2 and the center of middle first sensitive grid 3A,
Distance is also Δ x between the center of middle first sensitive grid 3 and the center of close first sensitive grid 5A；Center and the middle second for dredging sensitive grid 2 are quick
Distance is Δ x between feeling the center of grid 4B, distance is also Δ between the center of middle second sensitive grid 4 and the center of close second sensitive grid 6
xB, Δ xB＞ Δs xA；The distance at the center of middle first sensitive grid 3 and the center of middle second sensitive grid 4 is Δ x1, in close first sensitive grid 5
Distance is 2 Δ x between the center of the heart and close second sensitive grid 61, Δ x1=Δ xB-ΔxA。
It is R to make and the resistance of sensitive grid 2 is dredged under free stateL0, the middle resistance of second sensitive grid 4 is RM0, the close resistance of second sensitive grid 6 is
RR0, should there is RL0+RR0=RM0=R0.When the foil gauge of the present invention is placed in into certain surface strain, it is R to dredge the resistance of sensitive grid 20+
ΔRL, the middle resistance of second sensitive grid 4 is R0+ΔRM0, the close resistance of second sensitive grid 6 is R0+ΔRR；On the other hand, dredge sensitive grid 2 and
The center of close second sensitive grid 6 is located at x-axis and y in Fig. 2 respectivelySIntersection point and x-axis and yDBIntersection point, at a distance of 2 Δ x on axial directionB。
Formula (3) using the relation and numerical differentiation of sensitive gate resistance and surface strain has：
WhereinFor the close center of second sensitive grid 6 Δ x in outside to the rightBPlace, that is, x-axis and y in Fig. 2OBIntersection point, εLIt is thin
Strain at the center of sensitive grid 2, εMFor the strain at the middle center of second sensitive grid 4, εRFor the strain at the close center of second sensitive grid 6.This
It is the principle that the present embodiment measurement surface strains axial local derviation.Pay special attention to, the numerical differentiation that above formula is calculated is that close second is quick
Feel the center Δ x in outside to the right of grid 6BThe strain axial direction single order local derviation of position, the position are the right side edge even edge of foil gauge
Outside, therefore with the axial single order local derviation for being easy to measurement workpiece corner, edge etc. to have size restriction site to foil gauge
Advantage.With reference to Fig. 2, it is noted that the pin 7-9 and 7-10 of close second sensitive grid 6 are arranged in the close left side of second sensitive grid 6, and its purpose is equal
It is to reduce the close center of second sensitive grid 6 as far as possible to the distance of foil gauge right side edge, in order to further play above-mentioned advantage.Together
Sample, the close center of the first sensitive grid 5 Δ x in outside to the right of calculating can be coordinated by dredging sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 3 and close first sensitive grid 5APosition
Put, that is, x-axis and y in Fig. 2OAThe intersection point of axle, strain axial direction first-order partial derivative；By by the pin cloth of close first sensitive grid 5
The left side with the sensitive grid is put, reduces the close center of first sensitive grid 5 as far as possible to the distance of foil gauge right side edge.Above-mentioned close second is sensitive
The center of grid 6 Δ x in outside to the rightBThe strain axial direction single order local derviation of position and the close center of first sensitive grid 5 Δ x in outside to the rightAAnswer position
Becoming axial first-order partial derivative can be by realizing almost while measuring to the time-sharing multiplex for dredging sensitive grid 2.
Electric bridge is coordinated to can be used for measuring strain, strain axial single order local derviation the present embodiment, it is assumed that bridge input voltage is
ui, output voltage uo, the schematic diagram of measuring bridge is shown in Fig. 3.When without workpiece effects of strain, each arm resistance of electric bridge is according to up time
Pin direction is respectively labeled as R1、R2、R3、R4, in the also electric bridge where these sign flag resistance in the case of will not obscuring.Often
The sensitive grid or resistance of foil gauge can be laid on individual electric bridge.It is identical with general foil gauge arrangement, if in multiple bridge arms
Upper placement sensitive grid, the requirement of order, strain difinite quality to each installation position.During without workpiece effects of strain, the output of electric bridge
Voltage equation is
Now, it is desirable to bridge balance i.e. uo=0, then it must is fulfilled for so-called bridge balance condition R1R3-R2R4=0,
The electric bridge of use further meets
R1=R2=R3=R4, (6)
Since first, when meeting condition (6), according to relevant theoretical foil gauge sensitivity highest；Second, measuring strain or
The method that person strains axial local derviation is required to condition (6) establishment.When foil gauge also strains with external world's strain, above-mentioned electric bridge
Equilibrium condition is typically no longer set up, now
Due to Δ Ri＜ ＜ RiFirst ≈ of (i=1,2,3,4) event is set up, and second ≈ works as Δ R1-ΔR2With Δ R3-ΔR4
Jack per line or contrary sign but | Δ R1-ΔR2| with | Δ R3-ΔR4| not in close proximity to when set up, the reasonable selection foil gauge in engineering
Installation position can be realized completely.It is generally available the voltage measurement strain of formula (7) acquisition；Can convolution to straining axial local derviation
(4) and formula (7), reasonable design arrange each bridge arm sensitive grid and resistance, such as bridge arm R1Second sensitive grid 4 in arrangement, bridge arm R2String
Connection arranges close second sensitive grid 6 and thin sensitive grid 2, remaining bridge arm configuration substitutional resistance, can obtain to the right with the close center of second sensitive grid 6
Outside Δ xBPlace strains the linear magnitude of voltage u of axial single order local derviationo, the voltage is that small-signal need to be amplified.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. interdigital metal strain in five sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid Piece, including substrate, it is characterised in that：The metal strain plate also includes five sensitive grids, and the both ends of each sensitive grid connect respectively A pin is connect, five sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate；Each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the both ends of the sensitive segment are changeover portion, and the sensitive segment is in elongate strip Shape, the changeover portion are in tubbiness shape, and the resistance of the sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of the changeover portion, institute under same strain state The increased resistance value for stating sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of the changeover portion, the increased resistance value of the changeover portion close to 0；All cross section centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, and the sensitive segment axis is straight line section, and described five The diameter parallel of each sensitive segment and it is generally aligned in the same plane in individual sensitive grid, sensitive segment axis determined in plane, along described Sensitive segment axis direction is axially, with axially vertical direction for laterally；It is equal to there is its both sides resistance value on each sensitive segment A cross section, take the cross-section centroid position and using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass formed where sensitive segment name Particle, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is collectively forming are the center of sensitive grid；Zero deflection in the horizontal between each sensitive grid center, there is deviation in the axial direction；Each sensitive grid is by sensitive grid center Sequentially, it is sensitive that thin sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second are followed successively by from left to right vertically Grid, it is Δ x to dredge distance between sensitive grid center and middle first sensitive grid centerA, middle first sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center Between distance be also Δ xA；It is Δ x to dredge distance between sensitive grid center and middle second sensitive grid centerB, middle second sensitive grid center with it is close Distance is also Δ x between second sensitive grid centerB, Δ xB＞ Δs xA；The distance at middle first sensitive grid center and middle second sensitive grid center is Δx1, distance is 2 Δ x between close first sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center1, Δ x1=Δ xB-ΔxA；Each sensitive segment axis determined in plane, is in interdigital arrangement between first sensitive grid and middle second sensitive grid in middle part, and the right is close It is in interdigital arrangement between first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid, without the interdigital arrangement between other sensitive grids；The sensitive segment all-in resistance for dredging sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is in 3：8： 8：5：5 proportionate relationship, dredge the sensitive segment of sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid The all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment is also in 3 under identical strain：8：8：5：5 proportionate relationship.
- 2. on the outside of measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 in five sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation Interdigital metal strain plate, it is characterised in that：All shape of cross section sizes of each sensitive segment are consistent, take the axle of each sensitive segment Line point midway and the nominal particle that place sensitive segment is formed using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass, the thin sensitive grid, Middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, the sensitive segment total length of close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid are in 3：8：8：5：5 ratio is closed System.
- 3. the axial direction distribution five of axial local derviation is sensitive on the outside of measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2 Interdigital metal strain plate in grid, it is characterised in that：The pin of the close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is respectively positioned in foil gauge Side.
- 4. the axial direction distribution five of axial local derviation is sensitive on the outside of measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2 Interdigital metal strain plate in grid, it is characterised in that：Relatively middle first sensitive grid and middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second are sensitive The sensitive segment axial length of grid can be shorter and cross direction profiles can be closeer.
- 5. the axial direction distribution five of axial local derviation is sensitive on the outside of measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2 Interdigital metal strain plate in grid, it is characterised in that：The metal strain plate also includes cover plate, and the cover plate is covered in the sensitivity On grid and substrate.
- 6. the axial direction distribution five of axial local derviation is sensitive on the outside of measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2 Interdigital metal strain plate in grid, it is characterised in that：The sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
- 7. the axial direction distribution five of axial local derviation is sensitive on the outside of measurable unilateral double offset sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2 Interdigital metal strain plate in grid, it is characterised in that：The substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos base bottom or metal Substrate.
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Effective date of registration: 20200812 Address after: No.50 Fuxing Road, industrial park, Tushan Town, Pizhou City, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Jiangsu Mingtai Construction Machinery Manufacturing Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Address before: 510000 unit 2414-2416, building, No. five, No. 371, Tianhe District, Guangdong, China Patentee before: GUANGDONG GAOHANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OPERATION Co.,Ltd. Effective date of registration: 20200812 Address after: 510000 unit 2414-2416, building, No. five, No. 371, Tianhe District, Guangdong, China Patentee after: GUANGDONG GAOHANG INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OPERATION Co.,Ltd. Address before: The city Zhaohui six districts Chao Wang Road Hangzhou city Zhejiang province Zhejiang University of Technology No. 18 310014 Patentee before: ZHEJIANG University OF TECHNOLOGY |