CN105423903B - The five interdigital metal strain plates in sensitive grid side of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of measurable bilateral biasing sensitive grid - Google Patents
The five interdigital metal strain plates in sensitive grid side of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of measurable bilateral biasing sensitive grid Download PDFInfo
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
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Abstract
The five interdigital metal strain plates in sensitive grid side of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of a kind of measurable bilateral biasing sensitive grid, including substrate and five sensitive grids being fixed thereon, each sensitive grid include sensitive segment and changeover portion, and sensitive segment axis is in coplanar straight line；The plane interior edge sensitive segment axis direction is axially, with axially vertical for transverse direction；Horizontal zero deflection between five sensitive grid centers, axial component have deviation；Each sensitive grid presses its center sequence of positions, vertically left five sensitive grids and left three sensitive grids before this from left to right, and secondary be middle sensitive grid, and end is five sensitive grids of right three sensitive grids and the right side；It is in interdigital arrangement respectively between two, the left side, two, the right sensitive grid；Five sensitive grids all-in resistance changing value under same strain is in 5：3：8：3：5.Sensitive grid in time-sharing multiplex, the present invention can almost detect a left side five simultaneously, the right five left and right outsides in sensitive grid center to center spacing is equal to strain axial direction single order local derviation of the center at the spacing of middle sensitive grid center.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor field, especially a kind of metal strain plate.
Background technology
The operation principle of metal resistance strain gauge is resistance strain effect, i.e. wire is in effect strained, its electricity
Resistance occurs to change accordingly with the size of mechanically deform occurred (stretching or compression).The theoretical formula of resistance strain effect
It is as follows:
Wherein R is its resistance value, and ρ is metal material resistivity, and L is metal material length, and S is metal material sectional area.
Wire is bearing to strain during mechanically deform occurs, and ρ, L, S three will change, so as to cause gold
Belong to the change of material resistance value.When metal material is stretched, length increase, sectional area reduces, resistance value increase；When compressed
When, length reduces, and sectional area increase, resistance value reduces.Therefore, as long as the change of resistance value can be measured, wire can be known
Strained situation.Metal material resistance change rate formula can be exported by relevant knowledges such as formula (1) and the mechanics of materials
Wherein Δ R is resistance variation amount, and Δ L is the change of metal material length on pulling force or pressure action direction
Amount, ε are that the strain in same direction is usually referred to as axial strain, and K is metal material ga(u)ge factor.
In actual applications, metal resistance strain gauge is pasted onto to the table of Sensor Elastic Element or tested machine components
Face.When the flexible member in sensor or tested machine components are produced strain by active force, foil gauge thereon is pasted onto
Identical mechanically deform occurs therewith, causes strain sheet resistance that corresponding change occurs.At this moment, resistance strain gage is just by mechanical quantity
Be converted to the variable quantity output of resistance.
But we are also required to understand the partial derivative of workpiece strain sometimes, for example there are three kinds of occasions, but not limited to this below
Three, it is necessary to use workpiece surface strain partial derivative：
First, due to nearby occurring that strain is concentrated, and often occurs damaging it first as workpiece at workpiece shapes mutation
Place, the strain partial derivative near at shape mutation is monitored, can intuitively obtain strain intensity at this.
Second, largely existed by comer pieces in building, bridge, plant equipment, the relevant knowledge of the mechanics of materials is taught that, bending
The axial strain of beam surface is directly proportional to section turn moment, and the axial partial derivative of section turn moment is directly proportional to section shearing strain, that is,
Section shearing strain can be known by the axial partial derivative of surface axial strain, and the shearing strain can not use foil gauge in workpiece table
Face direct measurement arrives；
3rd, when applied elasticity research workpiece strains, internal strain is decided by partial differential equation, and equation solution needs
Boundary condition, and workpiece surface strain partial derivative is exactly one of boundary condition, this is that general foil gauge can not provide.
In addition, to some positions of workpiece, such as the position such as at the shaft shoulder, part edge, due to the mutation of geomery, its
Bigger change often accordingly be present in strain.However, just due to the mutation of geomery so that more difficult placement in general at this
Foil gauge is, it is necessary to the production of a kind of energy inclined edge of measuring strain piece even edge outer fix rather than center position strain local derviation
Product.It so just may be implemented in and avoid arranging foil gauge at a certain distance from the more difficult target measured point for laying foil gauge, and finally survey
Measure the strain local derviation at the target measured point.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of that existing metal strain plate can not detect strain local derviation, the present invention provides one kind and can measured
The axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of the measurable bilateral biasing sensitive grid of energy effective detection surface strain axial direction local derviation should be changed
The five interdigital metal strain plates in sensitive grid side, particularly measure workpiece corner, edge etc. have to foil gauge size restriction site or
Other should not arrange the axial single order local derviation of foil gauge position.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
The five interdigital metal strains in sensitive grid side of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of a kind of measurable bilateral biasing sensitive grid
Piece, including substrate, the metal strain plate also include five sensitive grids, and the both ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively,
Five sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate；
Each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the both ends of the sensitive segment are changeover portion, and the sensitive segment is in thin
Strip, the changeover portion are in tubbiness shape, and the resistance of the sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of the changeover portion, same strain state
Under the increased resistance value of the sensitive segment be much larger than the increased resistance value of the changeover portion, the increased resistance value of the changeover portion connects
It is bordering on 0；
All cross section centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, and the sensitive segment axis is straight line section, institute
In stating the diameter parallel of each sensitive segment in five sensitive grids and being generally aligned in the same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, edge
The sensitive segment axis direction is axially, with axially vertical direction for laterally；Its both sides resistance value be present on each sensitive segment
An equal cross section, take the cross-section centroid position and formed place sensitive segment by nominal mass of the sensitive segment resistance value
Nominal particle, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is collectively forming are the center of sensitive grid；
, deviation in the axial direction partly be present in zero deflection in the horizontal between five sensitive grid centers；Five sensitive grids are by quick
Feel the order of grid centers, be left five sensitive grids and left three sensitive grids first from left to right vertically, followed by middle sensitivity
Grid, it is finally right three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids；Zero deflection in the horizontal between five sensitive grid centers, in the axial direction part
Deviation be present, distance is 0 between left five sensitive grid centers and left three sensitive grid centers, in left five sensitive grid centers and middle sensitive grid
The distance of the heart is Δ x1, the distance at middle sensitive grid center and right five sensitive grid centers is Δ x1, right five sensitive grid centers and the right side three are quick
Distance is 0 between feeling grid center；
Each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, is in interdigital arrangement between left five sensitive grids and left three sensitive grids, the right side five is quick
It is in interdigital arrangement to feel between grid and right three sensitive grids；
Left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, the sensitive segment all-in resistance of five sensitive grids of middle sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and the right side are in
5：3：8：3：5 proportionate relationship, left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids it is quick
The all-in resistance changing value for feeling section sensitive segment under identical strain is also in 5：3：8：3：5 proportionate relationship.
Further, all shape of cross section sizes of each sensitive segment are consistent, take the axis point midway of each sensitive segment
And the nominal particle of place sensitive segment is formed using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass, left five sensitive grid, a left side three are sensitive
Grid, the sensitive segment total length of five sensitive grids of middle sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and the right side are in 5：3：8：3：5 proportionate relationship.The program
For a kind of scheme that can be selected, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal cross section position of form center of its both sides resistance value i.e.
Can or other positions.
Further, two pins of left five sensitive grids are respectively positioned on the right side of the sensitive grid, and two of right five sensitive grids
Pin is respectively positioned on the left side of the sensitive grid.Purpose is the distance and the right side for reducing left five sensitive grid centers to foil gauge left side edge
Distance of the five sensitive grid centers to foil gauge right side edge.
Further, the sensitive segment axial length of relatively middle sensitive grid, right five sensitive grids and left five sensitive grids can it is shorter and
Cross direction profiles can be closeer.Purpose is to reduce left five sensitive grid centers into the distance of foil gauge left side edge and right five sensitive grids
Distance of the heart to foil gauge right side edge.
It is in interdigital arrangement between left five sensitive grids and left three sensitive grids among five sensitive grids, right five sensitive grids and the right side three
It is in interdigital arrangement between sensitive grid, without the interdigital arrangement between other sensitive grids.The interdigital arrangement refers to：Two sensitive grids it is each
Sensitive segment axis institute in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids in sensitive segment axis vertical direction, at this
The order and number that the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids occurs respectively on direction are not limited.
Using the linear relationship between metal material increased resistance value and strain, this foil gauge is as common foil gauge
It can be used for measuring strain.On the other hand, according in numerical differentiation theory, (such as Yi Fengkang is compiled, National Defense Industry Press 1978
December in year publishes《Numerical computation method》Page 21 (1.4.11)-(1.4.14) formulas make equidistant interpolation analysis) on single order local derviation
Circular, the numerical computation method of f (x, y) x directions first-order partial derivative is as follows：
Wherein x1=x0+ h, x2=x1+ h, it is (x to pay special attention to above formula2+ h, y) position first-order partial derivative value formula, the formula
Truncated error it is smaller be o (h2) be step-length square higher order indefinite small.By being generally acknowledged that sensitive grid electricity in formula (2) engineering
The strain at variable quantity direct ratio and sensitive grid center is hindered, with reference to each sensitive gate resistance and the resistance change under same strain
The resistance of proportionate relationship, left five sensitive grids and right three sensitive grids and the resistance value for subtracting middle sensitive grid, then divided by left five sensitive grids
The distance at center and right three sensitive grid centers is the axial single order numerical value local derviation of strain, is that a left side five is quick according to theoretical this of numerical differentiation
Feel the axial single order numerical value local derviation of grid center position to the left at h distances, h here is equal to left five sensitive grid centers in certainly
The distance between sensitive grid；Equally, the resistance of right five sensitive grids and left three sensitive grids and the resistance value of middle sensitive grid is subtracted, then removed
Using the distance at right five sensitive grid centers and left three sensitive grid centers as the axial single order numerical value local derviation of strain, managed according to numerical differentiation
By this be right five sensitive grid centers to the right at h distances position axial single order numerical value local derviation, it is quick that h here is equal to the right side five certainly
Grid center is felt the distance between to middle sensitive grid.By measuring circuit can centering sensitive grid time-sharing multiplex, almost can measure simultaneously
Left five sensitive grids and the axial single order local derviation of right five sensitive grid centers.Therefore the advantage of the foil gauge is its both sides
The axial single order local derviation at the position that can not be measured due to size limitation for measuring the general foil gauge such as workpiece corner, edge.
It should be noted that keeping left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and the right side five sensitive in technique
The variable quantity of grid changeover portion all-in resistance and changeover portion resistance under external strain is in 5：3：8：3：5 numerical relation is surveyed with heightening
Accuracy of measurement, if the resistance of changeover portion and the lower resistance change of strain be can not ignore, systematic error can be also used as in detection
Eliminated.
Further, the metal strain plate also includes cover plate, and the cover plate is covered in the sensitive grid and substrate.
Further, the sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
Further, the substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos base bottom, metallic substrates or temporary substrate.
Five sensitive grid left, center, right are arranged in substrate.It is of course also possible to it is other arrangements.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in：By centering sensitive grid time-sharing multiplex, a left side five can be almost detected simultaneously
Axial single order local derviation at sensitive grid center left-external side one and at the right outside one in right five sensitive grid centers, wherein in left five sensitive grids
It is laterally upper with left five sensitive grid center zero deflections at heart left-external side, during the spacing at upper at this and five sensitive grid centers of a left side in axial direction is equal to
The spacing at sensitive grid center and left five sensitive grid centers；The right right outside in five sensitive grid centers is laterally upper with right five sensitive grid centers
Zero deflection, the spacing at this and right five sensitive grid centers is equal between middle sensitive grid center and right five sensitive grid centers on axial direction
Away from.Therefore the measurable workpiece corner of the present invention, edge etc. have to foil gauge size restriction site or other should not arrange strain
The axial single order local derviation of piece position.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the five interdigital metal strains in sensitive grid side of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of measurable bilateral biasing sensitive grid
The schematic diagram of piece.
Fig. 2 is the five interdigital metal strains in sensitive grid side of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of measurable bilateral biasing sensitive grid
Piece top view.
Fig. 3 is measuring bridge schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
1~Fig. 3 of reference picture, a kind of measurable bilateral bias the axial direction five sensitive grid sides of distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of sensitive grid
Interdigital metal strain plate, including substrate, the metal strain plate also include five sensitive grids, and the both ends of each sensitive grid connect respectively
A pin is connect, five sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate；
Each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the both ends of the sensitive segment are changeover portion, and the sensitive segment is in thin
Strip, the changeover portion are in tubbiness shape, and the resistance of the sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of the changeover portion, same strain state
Under the increased resistance value of the sensitive segment be much larger than the increased resistance value of the changeover portion, the increased resistance value of the changeover portion connects
It is bordering on 0；
All cross section centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, and the sensitive segment axis is straight line section, institute
In stating the diameter parallel of each sensitive segment in five sensitive grids and being generally aligned in the same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, edge
The sensitive segment axis direction is axially, with axially vertical direction for laterally；Its both sides resistance value be present on each sensitive segment
An equal cross section, take the cross-section centroid position and formed place sensitive segment by nominal mass of the sensitive segment resistance value
Nominal particle, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is collectively forming are the center of sensitive grid；
, deviation in the axial direction partly be present in zero deflection in the horizontal between five sensitive grid centers；Five sensitive grids are by quick
Feel the order of grid centers, be left five sensitive grids and left three sensitive grids first from left to right vertically, followed by middle sensitivity
Grid, it is finally right three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids；Zero deflection in the horizontal between five sensitive grid centers, in the axial direction part
Deviation be present, distance is 0 between left five sensitive grid centers and left three sensitive grid centers, in left five sensitive grid centers and middle sensitive grid
The distance of the heart is Δ x1, the distance at middle sensitive grid center and right five sensitive grid centers is Δ x1, right five sensitive grid centers and the right side three are quick
Distance is 0 between feeling grid center；
Each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, is in interdigital arrangement between left five sensitive grids and left three sensitive grids, the right side five is quick
It is in interdigital arrangement to feel between grid and right three sensitive grids；Left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and the right side
The sensitive segment all-in resistance of five sensitive grids is in 5：3：8：3：5 proportionate relationship, left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, middle sensitive grid, the right side
The sensitive segment of three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment under identical strain is also in 5：3：8：3：5
Proportionate relationship.
Further, all shape of cross section sizes of each sensitive segment are consistent, take the axis point midway of each sensitive segment
And the nominal particle of place sensitive segment is formed using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass, left five sensitive grid, a left side three are sensitive
Grid, the sensitive segment total length of five sensitive grids of middle sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and the right side are in 5：3：8：3：5 proportionate relationship.The program
For a kind of scheme that can be selected, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal cross section position of form center of its both sides resistance value i.e.
Can or other positions.
Further, two pins of left five sensitive grids are respectively positioned on the right side of the sensitive grid, and two of right five sensitive grids
Pin is respectively positioned on the left side of the sensitive grid.Purpose is the distance and the right side for reducing left five sensitive grid centers to foil gauge left side edge
Distance of the five sensitive grid centers to foil gauge right side edge.
Further, the sensitive segment axial length of relatively middle sensitive grid, right five sensitive grids and left five sensitive grids can it is shorter and
Cross direction profiles can be closeer.Purpose is to reduce left five sensitive grid centers into the distance of foil gauge left side edge and right five sensitive grids
Distance of the heart to foil gauge right side edge.
The five interdigital gold in sensitive grid side of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of the measurable bilateral biasing sensitive grid of the present embodiment
Belong to foil gauge, including substrate 1, the metal strain plate also include five sensitive grids, the both ends of each sensitive grid connect one respectively
Root pin, five sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate 1.
It is quick that left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, right three sensitive grids 5 and the right side five can be fixed on substrate 1
Grid 6 are felt, for shape, the positions and dimensions for keeping each sensitive grid to fix；Substrate 1 is very thin, so as to which the strain of surface of test piece is accurate
Really it is delivered to left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, right three sensitive grids 5 and right five sensitive grids 6.Substrate 1 can
To be glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos base bottom, metallic substrates and temporary substrate.Generally with cohere, weld, ceramics spray
Substrate is fixed on the tested position of test block by the modes such as painting.Some lines for being used for foil gauge positioning can be also printed in substrate 1.
Cover plate is made of materials such as paper or glue, is covered in left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, the right side three
In sensitive grid 5, right five sensitive grids 6 and substrate 1, play the protective layer of protection against the tide, corrosion protection, loss prevention etc..
Pin 7 is used to connect sensitive grid and measuring circuit, left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, the right side three
Sensitive grid 5 and right five sensitive grids 6 respectively have two pins 7, pair with foil and membrane type foil gauge, the left side five that pin 7 is connected with it
Sensitive grid 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, right three sensitive grids 5 and right five sensitive grids 6 combine as a whole.Left five sensitive grids 2
Two pins are 7-1 and 7-2, and two pins of left three sensitive grids 3 be 7-3 and 7-4, two pins of middle sensitive grid 4 for 7-5 with
7-6, two pins of right three sensitive grids 5 are 7-7 and 7-8, and two pins of right five sensitive grids 6 are 7-9 and 7-10.Pin 7-1
The right side of left five sensitive grids 2 is respectively positioned on 7-2, it is therefore an objective to reduce the distance that left five sensitive grids 2 arrive foil gauge left side edge；Pin
7-9 and 7-10 is respectively positioned on the left side of right five sensitive grids 6, it is therefore an objective to reduces the distance that right five sensitive grids 6 arrive foil gauge right side edge.
Left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, right three sensitive grids 5 and right five sensitive grids 6 are according to its metal
The difference of sensitive material and processing technology, can be wire form, foil, diaphragm type, thick-film type.No matter which kind of left five sensitive grid 2, left
The equal very little of thickness of three sensitive grids 3, five sensitive grids 6 of middle sensitive grid 4, right three sensitive grids 5 and the right side so that left five sensitive grids 2, a left side three
Sensitive grid 3, the axial length of five sensitive grids 6 of middle sensitive grid 4, right three sensitive grids 5 and the right side depend on the deformation of workpiece with it and become
Change.It is of the invention basic it is critical that left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, right three sensitive grids 5 and the right side
Cooperation between five sensitive grids 6, there is following main points：
First, five sensitive grids are arranged in substrate, are referred to as left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid
4th, right three sensitive grids 5 and right five sensitive grids 6.
Second, left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, right three sensitive grids 5 and right five sensitive grids 6 can divide
For multiple sensitive segments 8 and multiple changeover portions 9, the connection of each sensitive segment 8 is formed sensitive grid by each changeover portion 9.Comparatively, sensitive segment
8 is elongated in shape, and resistance is larger and its resistance is more sensitive to straining；The changeover portion 9 is in tubbiness shape substantially so that the mistake
The resistance very little of section and insensitive to straining is crossed, resistance variations are close to 0 under working condition, therefore the summation of sensitive segment resistance
The all-in resistance of essentially single sensitive grid.Fig. 2 has marked sensitive segment 8 and changeover portion 9 in more detail from apparent angle.
3rd, the sensitive segment 8 of each sensitive grid is in elongated strip, and all cross section centres of form composition of each sensitive segment 8 is quick
Feel section axis, the axis of sensitive segment 8 is straight line section, the diameter parallel of each sensitive segment 8 and is generally aligned in the same plane.Each
Projection of shape of all cross sections of sensitive segment 8 along sensitive segment axis direction is consistent.Take the axis point midway of each sensitive segment
And the nominal particle of place sensitive segment is formed using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass, the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is common
The centroid position of formation is the center of sensitive grid.
4th, left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, the sensitivity of five sensitive grids 6 of middle sensitive grid 4, right three sensitive grids 5 and the right side
Section total length is in 5：3：8：3：5 proportionate relationship, left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, the right and of three sensitive grid 5
The sensitive segment all-in resistance of right five sensitive grids 6 is in 5：3：8：3：5 proportionate relationship, left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitivity
The all-in resistance changing value of the sensitive segment of grid 4, right three sensitive grids 5 and right five sensitive grids 6 sensitive segment under identical strain is also in 5：
3：8：3：5 proportionate relationship.
5th, left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, right three sensitive grids 5 and right five sensitive grids 6 are overlooked,
They are respectively provided with symmetry axis and symmetrical overlapping of axles (x-axis in Fig. 2), left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, the right side
Three sensitive grids 5 and right five sensitive grids, 6 respective sensitive segment 8 are all parallel with the symmetry axis, the sensitive segment 8 of each sensitive grid on
This axial symmetry is distributed.Therefore, it can be said that left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, right three sensitive grids 5 and the right side five are quick
It is coaxial to feel grid 6, that is, detects equidirectional strain and left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, right three sensitive grids 5
In x-axis, partly there is axial deviation at their center without lateral deviation for center with right five sensitive grids 6.According to Fig. 2
The top view of middle foil gauge, the sensitive segment 8 of left five sensitive grids 2 have lateral symmetry axle yL, the center of left five sensitive grids 2 is in x-axis and yL
The intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 8 of left three sensitive grids 3 have lateral symmetry axle yL, the center of left three sensitive grids 2 is in x-axis and yLThe friendship of axle
Point, the sensitive segment 8 of middle sensitive grid 4 have lateral symmetry axle yM, the center of middle sensitive grid 3 is in x-axis and yMThe intersection point of axle, the right side three are sensitive
The sensitive segment 8 of grid 5 has lateral symmetry axle yR, the center of right three sensitive grids 5 is in x-axis and yRThe intersection point of axle, right five sensitive grids 6 it is quick
Sense section 8 has lateral symmetry axle yR, the center of right three sensitive grids 6 is in x-axis and yRThe intersection point of axle.
6th, distance is 0 between left five sensitive grid centers and left three sensitive grid centers, left five sensitive grid centers and middle sensitivity
The distance at grid center is Δ x1, the distance at middle sensitive grid center and right five sensitive grid centers is also Δ x1, right five sensitive grid centers with
Distance is 0 between right three sensitive grid centers, as shown in Figure 2.As shown in Figure 2, each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, and the left side is left
It is in interdigital arrangement between five sensitive grids 2 and left three sensitive grids 3, is in interdigital cloth between the right five sensitive grids 6 of the right side and right three sensitive grids 5
Put, without the interdigital arrangement between other sensitive grids.The interdigital arrangement refers to：Plane where each sensitive segment axis of two sensitive grids
On, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids in sensitive segment axis vertical direction, to the quick of two sensitive grids in this direction
The order and number that sense section occurs respectively are not limited.Because left five sensitive grids 2, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, the right side three are quick
The relative position of sense grid 5 and right five sensitive grids 6 is ensured relatively accurately to be secured by foil gauge production technology, and this is also this hair
The bright workpiece that can detect strains one of key of axial partial derivative.
In summary, left five sensitive grids 2 of the present invention, left three sensitive grids 3, middle sensitive grid 4, right three sensitive grids 5 and the right side five are quick
The all-in resistance changing value for feeling sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of grid 6 is also in 5：3：8：3：5 proportionate relationship, each sensitivity
Grid central cross zero deflection, axial component have deviation, distance between the center of left five sensitive grids 2 and the center of left three sensitive grids 3
For 0, the distance at the center and the center of middle sensitive grid 4 of left five sensitive grids 2 is Δ x1, center and the sensitivity of the right side five of middle sensitive grid 4
The distance at the center of grid 6 is also Δ x1, distance is 0 between the center of right five sensitive grids 6 and the center of right three sensitive grids 5.
It is R to make the resistance of three sensitive grid of free state bottom left 3L0, the middle resistance of sensitive grid 4 is RM0, the right resistance of five sensitive grid 6 is
RR0, should there is RL0+RR0=RM0=R0.When the foil gauge of the present invention is placed in into certain surface strain, the left resistance of three sensitive grid 3 is
R0+ΔRL, the middle resistance of sensitive grid 4 is R0+ΔRM0, the right resistance of five sensitive grid 6 is R0+ΔRR；On the other hand, left three sensitive grids 3 with
And the center of right five sensitive grids 6 is located at x-axis and y in Fig. 2 respectivelyLIntersection point and x-axis and yRIntersection point, at a distance of 2 Δs on axial direction
x1.IfFor the right central right Δ x of five sensitive grid 61Place, that is, x-axis and y in Fig. 2ORIntersection point, using sensitive gate resistance with
The relation of surface strain and the formula (3) of numerical differentiation have：
Wherein εLFor the strain at the left center of three sensitive grid 3, εMFor the strain at the middle center of sensitive grid 4, εRIt is sensitive for the right side five
Strain at the center of grid 6.This is the principle that the present embodiment measurement surface strains axial local derviation.Pay special attention to, above formula is calculated
Numerical differentiation be the right center Δ x in outside to the right of five sensitive grid 61The strain axial direction single order local derviation of position, the position are foil gauge
Right side edge even on the outside of edge, therefore have size limitation to foil gauge with being easy to measure workpiece corner, edge etc.
The advantage of the axial single order local derviation at position.With reference to Fig. 2, the pin 7-9 and 7-10 of right five sensitive grids 6 are arranged in right five sensitive grids 6
Left side, its purpose is to reduce the right center of five sensitive grid 6 as far as possible to the distance of foil gauge right side edge, in order to further send out
Wave above-mentioned advantage.Equally, left five sensitive grids 2, middle sensitive grid 4 and right three sensitive grids 5 can coordinate the left center of five sensitive grid 2 of calculating inclined
Left-external side Δ x1The strain axial direction first-order partial derivative of position, the position are located at x-axis and y in Fig. 2OLIntersection point；By left five sensitive grids 2
Pin arrangement and the sensitive grid right side, reduce the left center of five sensitive grid 2 as far as possible to the distance of foil gauge left side edge.It is above-mentioned
The right center Δ x in outside to the right of five sensitive grid 61The strain axial direction single order local derviation of position and the left center Δ x in outside to the left of five sensitive grid 21
The axial first-order partial derivative of strain of position can realize measurement almost simultaneously by the time-sharing multiplex of centering sensitive grid 4.
Electric bridge is coordinated to can be used for measuring strain, strain axial single order local derviation the present embodiment, it is assumed that bridge input voltage is
ui, output voltage uo, the schematic diagram of measuring bridge is shown in Fig. 3.When without workpiece effects of strain, each arm resistance of electric bridge is according to up time
Pin direction is respectively labeled as R1、R2、R3、R4, in the also electric bridge where these sign flag resistance in the case of will not obscuring.Often
The sensitive grid or resistance of foil gauge can be laid on individual electric bridge.It is identical with general foil gauge arrangement, if in multiple bridge arms
Upper placement sensitive grid, the requirement of order, strain difinite quality to each installation position.During without workpiece effects of strain, the output of electric bridge
Voltage equation is
Now, it is desirable to bridge balance i.e. uo=0, then it must is fulfilled for so-called bridge balance condition R1R3-R2R4=0,
The electric bridge of use further meets
R1=R2=R3=R4, (6)
Since first, when meeting condition (6), according to relevant theoretical foil gauge sensitivity highest；Second, measuring strain or
The method that person strains axial local derviation is required to condition (6) establishment.When foil gauge also strains with external world's strain, above-mentioned electric bridge
Equilibrium condition is typically no longer set up, now
Due to Δ Ri＜ ＜ RiFirst ≈ of (i=1,2,3,4) event is set up, and second ≈ works as Δ R1-ΔR2With Δ R3-ΔR4
Jack per line or contrary sign but | Δ R1-ΔR2| with | Δ R3-ΔR4| not in close proximity to when set up, the reasonable selection foil gauge in engineering
Installation position can be realized completely.It is generally available the voltage measurement strain of formula (7) acquisition；Can convolution to straining axial local derviation
(4) and formula (7), reasonable design arrange each bridge arm sensitive grid and resistance, such as bridge arm R1Sensitive grid 4 in arrangement, bridge arm R2Series connection
The sensitive grid 6 of the arrangement right side five and left three sensitive grids 3, remaining bridge arm configuration substitutional resistance, it can obtain to the right with the right center of five sensitive grid 6
Outside Δ x1Place strains the linear magnitude of voltage u of axial single order local derviationo, the voltage is that small-signal need to be amplified.
Claims (6)
1. the five interdigital metal strain plates in sensitive grid side of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of a kind of measurable bilateral biasing sensitive grid,
Including substrate, it is characterised in that：The metal strain plate also includes five sensitive grids, and the both ends of each sensitive grid connect one respectively
Root pin, five sensitive grids are fixed in the substrate；
Each sensitive grid includes sensitive segment and changeover portion, and the both ends of the sensitive segment are changeover portion, and the sensitive segment is in elongate strip
Shape, the changeover portion are in tubbiness shape, and the resistance of the sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of the changeover portion, institute under same strain state
The increased resistance value for stating sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of the changeover portion, the increased resistance value of the changeover portion close to
0；
All cross section centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, and the sensitive segment axis is straight line section, and described five
The diameter parallel of each sensitive segment and it is generally aligned in the same plane in individual sensitive grid, sensitive segment axis determined in plane, along described
Sensitive segment axis direction is axially, with axially vertical direction for laterally；It is equal to there is its both sides resistance value on each sensitive segment
A cross section, take the cross-section centroid position and using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass formed where sensitive segment name
Particle, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is collectively forming are the center of sensitive grid；
, deviation in the axial direction partly be present in zero deflection in the horizontal between five sensitive grid centers；Five sensitive grids press sensitive grid
The order of center, from left to right vertically, five sensitive grids left first and left three sensitive grids, followed by middle sensitive grid, finally
It is right three sensitive grids and right five sensitive grids；Distance is 0 between left five sensitive grid centers and left three sensitive grid centers, left five sensitive grids
The distance at center and middle sensitive grid center is Δ x1, the distance at middle sensitive grid center and right five sensitive grid centers is Δ x1, right five is quick
It is 0 to feel distance between grid center and right three sensitive grid centers；
Each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, is in interdigital arrangement between the left side five sensitive grids of a left side and left three sensitive grids, and the right is right
It is in interdigital arrangement between five sensitive grids and right three sensitive grids；
Left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, the sensitive segment all-in resistance of five sensitive grids of middle sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and the right side are in 5：3：
8：3：5 proportionate relationship, left five sensitive grids, left three sensitive grids, the sensitive segment of five sensitive grids of middle sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and the right side
The all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment is also in 5 under identical strain：3：8：3：5 proportionate relationship.
2. axial direction five sensitive grid sides of the distribution fork of axial local derviation on the outside of measurable bilateral biasing sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1
Refer to metal strain plate, it is characterised in that：All shape of cross section sizes of each sensitive segment are consistent, take the axis of each sensitive segment
Point midway and the nominal particle that place sensitive segment is formed using the sensitive segment resistance value as nominal mass, left five sensitive grid,
Left three sensitive grids, the sensitive segment total length of five sensitive grids of middle sensitive grid, right three sensitive grids and the right side are in 5：3：8：3：5 ratio is closed
System.
3. five sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of measurable bilateral biasing sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2
The interdigital metal strain plate in side, it is characterised in that：Two pins of left five sensitive grid are respectively positioned on the right side of the sensitive grid, described
Two pins of right five sensitive grids are respectively positioned on the left side of the sensitive grid.
4. five sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of measurable bilateral biasing sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2
The interdigital metal strain plate in side, it is characterised in that：The metal strain plate also includes cover plate, and the cover plate is covered in the sensitive grid
In substrate.
5. five sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of measurable bilateral biasing sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2
The interdigital metal strain plate in side, it is characterised in that：The sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
6. five sensitive grids of axial direction distribution of axial local derviation on the outside of measurable bilateral biasing sensitive grid as claimed in claim 1 or 2
The interdigital metal strain plate in side, it is characterised in that：The substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos base bottom or Metal Substrate
Bottom.
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