CN105421282A - Method for gathering and utilizing seasonal flood - Google Patents
Method for gathering and utilizing seasonal flood Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105421282A CN105421282A CN201510806168.6A CN201510806168A CN105421282A CN 105421282 A CN105421282 A CN 105421282A CN 201510806168 A CN201510806168 A CN 201510806168A CN 105421282 A CN105421282 A CN 105421282A
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- interception
- flood
- pier
- utilization
- seasonal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for gathering and utilizing seasonal flood. A multi-stage utilization method is constructed according to the width of a riverbed, the flood discharge, and an area to be utilized. The method is implemented in six aspects of blocking, shunting, mitigating, dredging, silting and utilizing, and comprises the following steps corresponding to the six aspects: flood is blocked; a diversion port is formed on the basis of blocking; flood impact is mitigated after multiple blocking and shunting; impact mitigated flood is dredged according to local conditions to a place with high utilization potential, that is, an impounding reservoir and a sediment deposition place for sediment in flood; and after the flood, not only water is stored, and a piece of land is formed to be used for planting. After the flood, water is gathered and stored, sediment deposits to form the land to be used for planting, the utilization of the gathered water and depositing sediment after the seasonal flood is effectively realized, the problems of ecological environment and water shortage in planting are solved, and the method is especially suitable for arid and semi-arid lands with seasonal flood.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that flood gathers utilization, particularly relate to a kind of method that Seasonal flood gathers utilization, belong to field of environment engineering technology.
Background technology
Flood refers to especially big runoff, and it often overflows because riverbed can not hold.At present, the area of China nearly 2/3 also exists the dissimilar flood damage different with the extent of injury.The water source formed according to flood and time of origin, generally can be divided into seasonal snowmelt flood and storm flood two class by flood.Seasonal snowmelt flood occurred in specific period, had certain regularity and predictability.This flood flows through the region of high temperature and drought usually, and mean annual discharge is less, but cause seasonal flood peak because of snow melt very large.Because flood is comparatively large, the region flow through, place can not in time, make full use of, still cause herein drought and water shortage all the year round, form drought and waterlogging and replace situation, cause water naturally to waste in this region.
Hexi Corridor is the thoroughfare that inland of China leads to Xinjiang.From the east of Wushao Ling, to ancient Yumen Pass, north and south, between South Mountain and the Beishan Mountain, is about 900 kilometers, wide several kilometers to nearly hundred kilometers, and be the long and narrow level land of the southeast, northwest trend, shape is as corridor.In area, whole corridor, comparatively contain with the oasis farming that Qilian mountains snowmelt runoff is irrigated.So now ecocrisis is on the rise, everywhere visible Gobi deserf.The riverbed that the Seasonal flood institute erosion that Qilian mountains snowmelt runoff is formed is formed stops substantially all the year round, gravel rubble is visible everywhere, and rare flood resource can not utilize.
Common flood Land use systems stores certain water resource with dykes and dams, reservoir etc.But it is less that dykes and dams, reservoir etc. store the water yield, and will study reinforcings, maintenance every year, periodic cleaning mud, not only input cost is high, and labour intensity greatly, and does not make full use of the mud that flood erosion formed.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, according to Seasonal flood, there is certain regularity and predictability, there is provided a kind of Seasonal flood to assemble the method utilized, so as to make Hexi Corridor Gobi deserf area or other there is the arid of Seasonal flood, the Seasonal flood of semiarid zone is fully gathered and is utilized.
Seasonal flood of the present invention assembles Application way, is the Multi-class propagation mode setting up tree according to the region of riverbed width, flood discharge and utilization, around " blocking ", " divide ", " delaying ", " drawing ", " silt ", " use " six word expansion." blocking " is exactly stifled flood retention water; " divide " is form diffluence pass on the basis of " blocking "; " delay " be through for several times " blocking ", slow down flood impact after " divide "; " drawing " is then that the flood slowing down impact is suited measures to local conditions to dredge the place with Exploitative potential, and namely in reservoir and flood, the alluvial of silt is local.After flood, water obtains gathering storage, and Sediment Siltation forms a slice soil, this side sheet soil can carry out the utilizations such as plantation, be " use ".Specific as follows:
The Multi-class propagation mode of tree is set up: the flood Land use systems setting up interception dam in main stem is that one-level utilizes according to the region of riverbed width, flood discharge and utilization; Near main stem, select the region that will utilize to set up flood branch flow passage, and the main stem below branch flow passage sets up interception dam retaining and alluvial plain, the Land use systems of foundation is secondary Land use systems by this branch flow passage; Same mode, the basis of branch flow passage is set up three grades of tributaries again, and the Land use systems of foundation is three grades of Land use systems by three grades of tributaries; By that analogy, Multi-class propagation mode is set up; Every grade of Land use systems has direct utilization (play and slow down flood velocity, percussion) and the supply subordinate tributary utilization that intercepts water (play supply subordinate tributary of damming, slow down the effect of flood velocity and impact) two kinds; The height on interception dam is all lower than the height in riverbed, and the interception height of dam degree utilized at the same level is consistent, but all higher than the interception height of dam degree that subordinate utilizes; Interception dam is tackled pier by 1 ~ 8 row of layout straggly and is formed, and the mode along river course with every few one of row is successively decreased, and pier is several determines according to riverbed width in concrete interception; Reservoir and region, alluvial plain is set up below in the end a line interception pier.
Interception cross section, dam trapezoidal design, upper base face width 1 ~ 5m, face width of going to the bottom 2 ~ 10m, upper and lower bottom width is than being 1:2, and height is lower than the height of interception pier.
Interception pier adopts concreting, and for positive truncated rectangular pyramids designs, upper base face width 1 ~ 5m, face width of going to the bottom 2 ~ 10m, upper and lower bottom width is than being 1:2.
The interception pier line-spacing of direct utilization to be gone to the bottom face length 1 ~ 1.5 times for interception pier, and increases with the increase line-spacing of interception pier line number; The interception dam line-spacing that supply subordinate tributary utilizes of intercepting water is interception pier and goes to the bottom 1/2 of face length.Colleague's interception pier spacing is interception pier and goes to the bottom 1/2 of face length.
Reservoir is the design of falling truncated rectangular pyramids, and the gradient is 45 ~ 60 °, and reservoir surrounding and bottom adopt anti-seepage material process.Size is determined according to the number of water requirement.
The interception pier line-spacing of direct utilization to be gone to the bottom face length 1 ~ 1.5 times for interception pier, and the increase line-spacing with interception pier line number increases; The interception dam line-spacing that supply subordinate tributary utilizes of intercepting water is interception pier and goes to the bottom 1/2 of face length; Colleague's interception pier spacing is interception pier and goes to the bottom 1/2 of face length.
Alluvial plain area is determined according to purposes, and the soil that retaining can be used to water alluvial carries out planting, cultivating, and solves drought and water shortage, improves the ecological environment, and increases local resident's income.
The present invention is by the means such as " blocking ", " dividing ", " delaying ", " drawing ", set up Multi-class propagation mode, achieve " silt ", " use " of Seasonal flood, Seasonal flood is effectively utilized to gather retaining, alluvial soil, and with irrigated land, planting plants, change ecological environment and problem such as plantation lack of water etc., be adapted to Gobi deserf area, Hexi Corridor especially or other have arid, the semiarid zone of Seasonal flood.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that Seasonal flood of the present invention gathers utilization.
Fig. 2 is Seasonal flood standard area 1000km
2peak flood flow is 500m
3the flood of/below s gathers and utilizes schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is Seasonal flood standard area 1000km
2peak flood flow is 500 ~ 1000m
3the flood of/s gathers and utilizes schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, method Seasonal flood of the present invention being gathered to utilization is described further.
Embodiment one
Seasonal flood standard area 1000km
2peak flood flow is 500m
3/ below s flood, set up tree-shaped three grades of Land use systems, and peer repeatedly can utilize, and every grade utilizes once.Concrete with reference to Fig. 2:
One-level Land use systems: there are 6 row interception piers on interception dam, and the first row is made up of 6 interception piers, rear row interception pier quantity is successively decreased successively; Reservoir and region, alluvial plain is set up below in the end a line interception pier;
Secondary Land use systems: interception dam has 5 interception piers respectively, the first row is made up of 5 interception piers respectively, and rear row interception pier quantity is successively decreased successively; Reservoir and region, alluvial plain is set up below in the end a line interception pier;
Three grades of Land use systems: interception dam has 4 row interception piers respectively, and the first row is made up of 4 interception piers respectively, rear row interception pier quantity is successively decreased successively; Reservoir and region, alluvial plain is set up below in the end a line interception pier.
Interception pier adopts concreting, positive truncated rectangular pyramids design, upper base face width 2m, and go to the bottom face width 4m, and height is determined according to bed level and purposes difference.The interception pier line-spacing 4 ~ 6m of direct utilization, the increase line-spacing with interception pier line number increases; And the interception dam interception pier line-spacing in supply subordinate tributary of intercepting water is 2m; Colleague's interception pier spacing is 2m.
Reservoir size according to water requirement number and determine, surrounding and bottom adopt anti-seepage material process.Reservoir is in the design of falling truncated rectangular pyramids, and one-level utilizes reservoir to be about 50000m
3, its upper and lower base area and be about 5000m highly respectively
2, 4000m
2and 11m; Secondary utilizes reservoir for 30000m
3, its upper and lower base area and be about 3000m highly respectively
2, 2500m
2and 11m; Three grades utilize reservoir to be about 10000m
3, its upper and lower base area and be about 1200m highly respectively
2, 800m
2and 11m.
Interception cross section, dam trapezoidal design, upper base face width 2m, go to the bottom face width 4m, and height all uses local material, such as gravel lower than the material on the height interception dam of interception pier.
Alluvial plain area is determined according to purposes, and the soil that retaining can be used to water alluvial is planted, and solves drought and water shortage, improves the ecological environment.
Embodiment two
Seasonal flood standard area 1000km
2peak flood flow is 500 ~ 1000m
3/ s flood, set up tree-shaped level Four Land use systems, and peer repeatedly can utilize, and every grade utilizes once.Concrete with reference to Fig. 3:
One-level Land use systems: there are 8 row interception piers on interception dam, and the first row is made up of 8 interception piers, rear row interception pier quantity is successively decreased successively; Reservoir and region, alluvial plain is set up below in the end a line interception pier;
Secondary Land use systems: there are 6 row interception piers on interception dam, and the first row is made up of 6 interception piers, rear row interception pier quantity is successively decreased successively; Reservoir and region, alluvial plain is set up below in the end a line interception pier;
Secondary Land use systems: there are 5 row interception piers on interception dam, and the first row is made up of 5 interception piers, rear row interception pier quantity is successively decreased successively; Reservoir and region, alluvial plain is set up below in the end a line interception pier;
Level Four Land use systems: there are 4 row interception piers on interception dam, and the first row is made up of 4 interception piers, rear row interception pier quantity is successively decreased successively; Reservoir and region, alluvial plain is set up below in the end a line interception pier.
Interception pier adopts concreting, positive truncated rectangular pyramids design, upper base face width 3m, and go to the bottom face width 6m, and height is determined according to bed level and purposes difference.The interception pier line-spacing 6 ~ 9m of direct utilization, the increase line-spacing with interception pier line number increases; The interception dam interception pier line-spacing supplying subordinate tributary that intercepts water is 3m; Colleague's interception pier spacing is 3m.
Reservoir size according to water requirement number and determine, surrounding and bottom adopt anti-seepage material process.The reservoir design of falling truncated rectangular pyramids, one-level utilizes reservoir to be about 100000m
3, its upper and lower base area and be about 10000m highly respectively
2, 8000m
2and 12m; Secondary utilizes reservoir to be about 50000m
3, its upper and lower base area and be about 5000m highly respectively
2, 4000m
2and 11m; Three grades utilize reservoir for 30000m
3, its upper and lower base area and be about 3000m highly respectively
2, 2500m
2and 11m; Level Four utilizes reservoir to be about 10000m
3, its upper and lower base area and be about 1200m highly respectively
2, 800m
2and 11m.
Interception cross section, dam trapezoidal design, upper base face width 3m, go to the bottom face width 6m, and height is lower than the height of interception pier.The material on interception dam all uses local material as gravel.
Alluvial plain area is determined according to purposes, and the soil that retaining can be used to water alluvial is planted, and solves drought and water shortage, improves the ecological environment.
Claims (8)
1. Seasonal flood gathers a method for utilization, is the Multi-class propagation mode setting up tree according to the region of riverbed width, flood discharge and utilization: the flood Land use systems setting up interception dam in main stem is that one-level utilizes; Near main stem, select the region that will utilize to set up flood branch flow passage, and the main stem below branch flow passage sets up interception dam retaining and alluvial plain, the Land use systems of foundation is secondary Land use systems by this branch flow passage; Same mode, the basis of branch flow passage is set up three grades of tributaries again, and the Land use systems of foundation is three grades of Land use systems by three grades of tributaries; By that analogy, Multi-class propagation mode is set up; Every grade of Land use systems has the supply subordinate Zhi Liuli two kinds that directly utilizes and intercept water; The height on interception dam is all lower than the height in riverbed, and the interception height of dam degree utilized at the same level is consistent, but all higher than the interception height of dam degree that subordinate utilizes; Interception dam is tackled pier by 1 ~ 8 row of layout straggly and is formed, and the mode along river course with every few one of row is successively decreased; Reservoir and region, alluvial plain is set up below in the end a line interception pier.
2. Seasonal flood gathers the method for utilization as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: interception cross section, dam trapezoidal design, upper base face width 1 ~ 5m, face width of going to the bottom 2 ~ 10m, and upper and lower bottom width is than being 1:2, and height is lower than the height of interception pier.
3. Seasonal flood gathers the method for utilization as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: interception pier is the design of positive truncated rectangular pyramids, upper base face width 1 ~ 5m, face width of going to the bottom 2 ~ 10m, and upper and lower bottom width is than being 1:2.
4. as described in Claims 2 or 3, Seasonal flood gathers the method for utilization, it is characterized in that: the interception pier line-spacing directly utilized to be gone to the bottom face length 1 ~ 1.5 times for interception pier, and increases with the increase line-spacing of interception pier line number.
5. as described in Claims 2 or 3, Seasonal flood gathers the method for utilization, it is characterized in that: the interception dam line-spacing that supply subordinate tributary of intercepting water utilizes is interception pier and goes to the bottom 1/2 of face length.
6. Seasonal flood gathers the method for utilization as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: colleague's interception pier spacing is interception pier and goes to the bottom 1/2 of face length.
7. Seasonal flood gathers the method for utilization as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: colleague's interception pier spacing is interception pier and goes to the bottom 1/2 of face length.
8. Seasonal flood gathers the method for utilization as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: reservoir is the design of falling truncated rectangular pyramids, and the gradient is 45 ~ 60 °, and reservoir surrounding and bottom adopt anti-seepage material process.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510806168.6A CN105421282B (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2015-11-20 | Method for gathering and utilizing seasonal flood |
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| CN201510806168.6A CN105421282B (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2015-11-20 | Method for gathering and utilizing seasonal flood |
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| CN105421282B CN105421282B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108934251A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Qilian mountains Alpine meadow range improvement is the method for cradling grassland |
| CN109056633A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-12-21 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of hazards control system and method for flood control and anti-mud-rock flow |
| CN112154945A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-01 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | Construction method suitable for spawning ground of muco-sinker oviparous fishes in acute abortion |
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| CN101260660A (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2008-09-10 | 宫锡和 | Tandem type water power station |
| CN102701545A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-03 | 贵州师范大学 | System for auxiliarily treating acid mine waste water by utilizing stepped interception dams and process thereof |
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2015
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH06180008A (en) * | 1992-04-22 | 1994-06-28 | Shigeru Kaneko | Submerged dam work method |
| CN101148866A (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2008-03-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Drainage system estuary pier bar swirl chamber composite energy dissipation method |
| CN101153482A (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2008-04-02 | 吴仲科 | Overground step reservoir and building method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108934251A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Qilian mountains Alpine meadow range improvement is the method for cradling grassland |
| CN108934251B (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2021-07-30 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Method for improving Qilian mountain alpine meadow steppe into mowing grassland |
| CN109056633A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-12-21 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of hazards control system and method for flood control and anti-mud-rock flow |
| CN109056633B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2023-09-26 | 昆明理工大学 | Flood control and debris flow prevention geological disaster control system and method |
| CN112154945A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-01 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | Construction method suitable for spawning ground of muco-sinker oviparous fishes in acute abortion |
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| CN105421282B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
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