CN105419568B - 一种抗铝合金熔体侵蚀用铸嘴涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗铝合金熔体侵蚀用铸嘴涂料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105419568B
CN105419568B CN201610017097.6A CN201610017097A CN105419568B CN 105419568 B CN105419568 B CN 105419568B CN 201610017097 A CN201610017097 A CN 201610017097A CN 105419568 B CN105419568 B CN 105419568B
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王自强
王冬冬
王刚
周慧君
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Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于特种涂层技术领域，涉及一种抗铝合金熔体侵蚀用铸嘴涂料及其制备方法。涉及的一种抗铝合金熔体侵蚀用铸嘴涂料为水性涂料，可均匀涂覆在铸嘴的表面，形成一层致密层作为铸嘴的抗铝合金熔体侵蚀涂层；铸嘴涂料采用与铝合金熔体润湿性极差的氮化硼粉体和耐铝合金熔体侵蚀的SiC微粉作为填料；铸嘴涂料还包括有用以防止或减缓氮化硼粉体高温氧化的鳞片石墨或者炭黑；所述的铸嘴涂料采用极性较低的有机溶液或极性较低的有机溶液与水的混合物作为溶剂。本发明解决了铸嘴易被铝熔体侵蚀破坏的问题和铸嘴内腔容易阻塞的问题；延长了铸嘴材料的使用寿命。

Description

一种抗铝合金熔体侵蚀用铸嘴涂料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于特种涂层技术领域，涉及一种抗铝合金熔体侵蚀用铸嘴涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，我国铝冶炼企业，多数没有铝材生产线，少数有铝材生产线的企业其产能也较低，形不成规模，与铝冶炼的规模不相配套，不能使产品具有较高的附加值，因而，国家开始支持具有较好条件的铝冶炼企业引进高水平铝加工生产线，填补国内空白，减少高档铝制品的进口量；铝板带连铸连轧工艺作为一种高效、节能的生产工艺越来越受到重视；高质量近终形连铸连轧技术，具有生产流程短、投资省、节能和相对环保等一系列优点，被列为冶金科技的一项重大变革，是当今国际冶金界的一个热点；目前，我国已建成并正在建造有若干大型连铸连轧生产线。
铝板带连铸连轧生产工艺中，耐火材料铸嘴是铸轧过程中直接分布和输送铝液到轧机的关键部件；铸嘴的稳定性与使用寿命直接决定生产的连续性，对生产正常进行，稳定各项工艺参数，提高铸轧板坯质量十分重要；当前的铸嘴的制造分为两步，首先选用普通硅酸铝纤维或高铝纤维，加入无机和有机结合剂，通过抽滤或压滤制备成块状板材，然后加工成需要的尺寸与形状；该材料多孔、轻质、热容小、隔热性能优异，可加工性能好，是首选的铸嘴用板材。
目前，国内外铝合金铸造铸轧用铸嘴基本上为该材质的材料，由于该材料多孔、轻质，所以其热容小，隔热性能优异，可加工性好，但同时导致该材料在使用过程中，容易被铝熔体渗透侵蚀，最终导致铸嘴剥落、开裂、甚至堵塞铸嘴内腔，影响生产正常进行，导致生产中断，需重新更换铸嘴后方可开机铸造；不仅造成了耐火材料成本的上升，还减少了生产时间，降低了生产效率，造成企业经济效益下滑。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种抗铝合金熔体侵蚀用铸嘴涂料及制备方法，将该铸嘴涂料涂覆在铸嘴的表面形成一层难以被铝熔体润湿的致密层，从而起到阻止铝熔体渗透侵蚀的作用，同时使铸嘴板内腔不易挂渣，避免堵塞，延长铸嘴的使用寿命。
本发明为完成上述目的，采用如下技术方案：
一种抗铝合金熔体侵蚀用铸嘴涂料，所述的铸嘴涂料为水性涂料，可均匀涂覆在铸嘴的表面，形成一层致密层作为铸嘴的抗铝合金熔体侵蚀涂层；所述的铸嘴涂料采用与铝合金熔体润湿性极差的氮化硼粉体和耐铝合金熔体侵蚀的SiC微粉作为填料；所述氮化硼粉体的粒度d50=5～30μm，碳化硅粉体的粒度d50=1.5～15μm；所述的铸嘴涂料还包括有用以防止或减缓氮化硼粉体高温氧化的鳞片石墨或者炭黑；所述的铸嘴涂料采用极性较低的有机溶液或极性较低的有机溶液与水的混合物作为溶剂；将填料、鳞片石墨或者炭黑加入溶剂中，并在所述的溶剂中加入结合剂、分散剂、前驱体和粘合剂混合形成水性涂料；所述的前驱体和粘合剂为有机硅类溶液或树脂；所述的结合剂为硅溶胶与水性树脂。
所述鳞片石墨和炭黑的粒度d50=0.5～10μm。
所述有机硅类溶液为有机硅树脂或者有机硅油。
所述有机溶剂为乙醇、甲醇、乙二醇或甘油。
所述的水性树脂为水性环氧树脂、水性丙烯酸树脂或水性聚氨酯树脂。
所述分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵或聚丙烯酸钠。
一种抗铝合金熔体侵蚀用铸嘴涂料的制备工艺，其具体步骤如下：
1）将有机溶剂或水及有机溶剂、有机硅类溶液、硅溶胶、水性树脂、分散剂按1：0.1～0.3：0.2～0.3：0.1～0.2:0.004～0.006质量比称量混合；
2）将氮化硼粉体：碳化硅微粉：鳞片石墨或炭黑粉：水=0.15～0.2：0.1～0.2：0.05～0.07：1的比例，称取氮化硼粉体、碳化硅微粉、鳞片石墨或炭黑粉，加入步骤1）所制备的混合液中，一边加入，一边搅拌，加料结束后继续搅拌，直至形成均匀的涂料。
将所制备的铸嘴涂料通过浸泡、喷涂或者刷涂的方式附着在铸嘴板材表面，并通过铸嘴板材的多孔结构有效地渗透到铸嘴板材内部；将涂覆有铸嘴涂料的铸嘴进行干燥，最终经过1250～1400℃氮化气氛下热处理，处理时间为3～20小时，使硅、碳化硅、氮化硼与氮气充分氮化，形成以氮化硅为结合体的氮化硅结合碳化硅氮化硼材料，经过热处理后，涂层将与铸嘴材料通过化学结合方式，牢固的结合在一起，并形成整体的复合材料，实现了铸嘴材料耐铝水侵蚀及不粘铝效果，能够达到反复多次使用的效果。
本发明提出的一种抗铝合金熔体侵蚀用铸嘴涂料及制备方法，采用与铝熔体润湿性极差的氮化硼粉体与耐铝熔体侵蚀的SiC微粉作为填料，可在铸嘴材料表面形成一层致密的耐高温涂层，该涂层具有SiC抗铝熔体侵蚀的特点，解决了铸嘴易被铝熔体侵蚀破坏的问题，又由于加入了与铝熔体润湿性极差的氮化硼粉体，铝熔体不易在铸嘴内部挂渣，也解决了铸嘴内腔容易阻塞的问题；可以延长铸嘴材料的使用寿命，从而减少更换铸嘴所用的时间，达到延长相关企业生产周期，提高生产效率的作用。为企业增产增效提供帮助，对铝行业生产工艺的升级改进具有重要的意义。
具体实施方式
结合以下实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例1：首先将900g水、100g乙醇、200g硅溶胶、100g有机硅树脂，200g水性环氧树脂、6g聚丙烯酸铵按质量称量混合，将150g氮化硼粉体、100g碳化硅微粉、70g石墨，依次加入上述混合液中，一边加入，一边搅拌，加料结束后继续搅拌，直至形成均匀的涂料；在1300℃进行氮化处理，处理时间为5小时。
实施例2
首先将700g水、300g甲醇、200g硅溶胶、100g水性硅油，100g水性聚丙烯酸树脂、4g聚丙烯酸钠按质量称量混合，将200g氮化硼粉体、200g碳化硅微粉、50g炭黑，依次加入上述混合液中，一边加入，一边搅拌，加料结束后继续搅拌，直至形成均匀的涂料。在1350℃进行氮化处理，处理时间为10小时。
实施例3
首先将500g水、500g乙二醇、150g硅溶胶、50g有机硅水性乳液，100g水性聚氨酯树脂、5g聚丙烯酸铵按质量称量混合，将175g氮化硼粉体、150g碳化硅微粉、60g石墨，依次加入上述混合液中，一边加入，一边搅拌，加料结束后继续搅拌，直至形成均匀的涂料。在1400℃进行氮化处理，处理时间为15小时。
实施例4
首先将850g水、150g甘油、230g硅溶胶、60g有机硅树脂，80g水性丙烯酸树脂、4.5g聚丙烯酸钠按质量称量混合，将170g氮化硼粉体、140g碳化硅微粉、65g炭黑，依次加入上述混合液中，一边加入，一边搅拌，加料结束后继续搅拌，直至形成均匀的涂料。在1250℃进行氮化处理，处理时间为20小时。
实施例5
首先将800g乙醇、200g乙二醇、150g硅溶胶、70g有机硅水性乳液，80g水性聚氨酯树脂、5g聚丙烯酸铵按质量称量混合，将200g氮化硼粉体、125g碳化硅微粉、60g石墨，依次加入上述混合液中，一边加入，一边搅拌，加料结束后继续搅拌，直至形成均匀的涂料。在1400℃进行氮化处理，处理时间为20小时。

Claims (4)

1.一种抗铝合金熔体侵蚀用铸嘴涂料，其特征在于：所述的铸嘴涂料为水性涂料，均匀涂覆在铸嘴的表面，形成一层致密层作为铸嘴的抗铝合金熔体侵蚀涂层；所述的铸嘴涂料采用与铝合金熔体润湿性极差的氮化硼粉体和耐铝合金熔体侵蚀的SiC微粉作为填料；所述氮化硼粉体的粒度d50=5～30μm，碳化硅粉体的粒度d50=1.5～15μm；所述的铸嘴涂料还包括有用以防止或减缓氮化硼粉体高温氧化的鳞片石墨或者炭黑；所述的铸嘴涂料采用有机溶剂或有机溶剂与水的混合物作为溶剂；所述有机溶剂为乙醇、甲醇、乙二醇或甘油；所述铸嘴涂料制备工艺的具体步骤为：
1）将溶剂、有机硅树脂或者有机硅油或者有机硅水性乳液、硅溶胶、水性树脂、分散剂按1：0.1~0.3：0.2~0.3：0.1~0.2:0.004~0.006质量比称量混合；
2）按氮化硼粉体：碳化硅微粉：鳞片石墨或炭黑粉：水=0.15~0.2：0.1~0.2：0.05~0.07：1的比例，称取上述组份加入步骤1）所制备的混合液中，一边加入，一边搅拌，加料结束后继续搅拌，直至形成均匀的涂料。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种抗铝合金熔体侵蚀用铸嘴涂料，其特征在于：所述鳞片石墨和炭黑的粒度d50=0.5～10μm。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种抗铝合金熔体侵蚀用铸嘴涂料，其特征在于：所述的水性树脂为水性环氧树脂、水性丙烯酸树脂或水性聚氨酯树脂。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种抗铝合金熔体侵蚀用铸嘴涂料，其特征在于：所述分散剂为聚丙烯酸铵或聚丙烯酸钠。
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