CN105412265A - 猫爪草提取物及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于中药领域，具体涉及中药猫爪草提取物及其用途。本发明猫爪草提取物为极性溶剂提取物，其中猫爪草的水或极性有机溶剂提取物均有治疗抑郁症的效果。猫爪草提取物作为制备防治抑郁症的药物或食品中的新用途，在预防与治疗各种原因引起的抑郁症效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域，具体涉及中药猫爪草提取物及其用途。
背景技术
抑郁症是以持续情绪低落和认知功能障碍为主要临床特征，包括焦躁情绪、快感缺失、睡眠障碍、负罪感和反复自杀念头等。其引发的主要原因是中枢去甲肾上腺素、五羟色胺、多巴胺这些特定的神经递质的水平过低及其受体功能低下，具有发病率高和发病年龄广泛等特点，抑郁症不仅给患者带来精神上的损失，也给患者造成沉重的经济负担。随着现代城市生活节奏不断地加快，人们压力越来越大，抑郁症的发病率也在逐年递增目前抑郁症成为一种严重危害人类身心健康的精神类疾病。据世界卫生组织统计，抑郁症已成为世界第四大疾患，预计到2020年，可能成为仅次于冠心病的第二大疾病。抑郁症的发病都伴随单胺类神经递质、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴功能失调、神经营养因子和炎症反应等生物学机制相关。
猫爪草（RANUNCULITERNATIRADIX）为毛莨科植物小毛莨的块根，因其块根肉质，数个簇生，近纺锤形，外皮黄褐色，形似猫爪而得名。该属植物多为一年生或多年生草本，全球约有400多种，广布于寒温地带，我国有78种，9变种，主产于长江中下游各地，一般有小毒，具有解毒散结之功效，一般用作引赤发泡、敷穴位，可治疗多种疾病，也能杀虫。现代药理和临床研究表明猫爪草及其制剂对肺结核、淋巴结核和多种癌症及淋巴瘤有疗效。
研究表明猫爪草的化学成分非常复杂，已报道的成分包括氨基酸、有机酸、糖、脂类、甾醇类、生物碱、鞣质、黄酮苷以及微量元素等；例如，谷甾醇、棕榈酸、胡萝卜苷、十六烷酸以及猫爪草甲素等。但是截至目前并没有关于猫爪草提取物抗抑郁活性的相关文献报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供猫爪草或其提取物在制备治疗抑郁症的药物中的用途。其中，猫爪草为毛莨科植物小毛莨的块根。
本发明猫爪草提取物为极性溶剂提取物，其中猫爪草的水或极性有机溶剂提取物均有治疗抑郁症的效果。
进一步地，有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、丙醇或丙酮中的一种或多种。
在本发明中，所述猫爪草提取物的制备方法如下：该方法是采用制药工业常规的工艺方法制得：将猫爪草切碎，加入猫爪草重量5～10倍量的水或10～95%乙醇，回流提取2-3次，每次1-2h，合并滤液，减压浓缩至50～70℃下相对密度为1.05～1.15的浸膏，减压干燥或冷冻干燥得干浸膏，粉碎，得到猫爪草提取物。
本发明的另一个目的是提供包含猫爪草提取物的药物制剂在制备治疗抑郁症的药物中的用途。所述药物制剂以猫爪草提取物为活性成分，加入药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备而成的制剂。辅料或辅助性成分如赋形剂、调味剂、崩解剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、润滑剂、湿润剂、粘合剂、溶剂、增稠剂、增溶剂等。
本发明制剂为片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口服液或合剂等常规口服剂型。
通过小鼠急性毒性实验发现，未出现小鼠死亡现象，无中毒现象。
猫爪草提取物作为制备防治抑郁症的药物或食品中的新用途，在预防与治疗各种原因引起的抑郁症效果显著。
具体实施方式
下面将进一步的详细说明本发明。需要指出的是，以下说明仅仅是对本发明要求保护的技术方案的举例说明，并非对这些技术方案的任何限制。本发明的保护范围以所附权利要求书记载的内容为准。
实施例1猫爪草提取物的制备
将100g猫爪草切碎，加入猫爪草重量8倍量的水，回流提取3次，每次2h，合并滤液，减压浓缩至50～70℃下相对密度为1.05～1.15的浸膏，冷冻干燥得干浸膏，粉碎，得到猫爪草提取物11.6g。
实施例2猫爪草提取物对小鼠自发活动影响
取雄性ICR小鼠，体重20g左右，随机分组，适应性饲养两天后，于第一次给药前1h，将小鼠置于小鼠自主活动测定仪适应2min，测定后4min内小鼠自主活动，然后于第一次给药1h后测定小鼠自主活动，之后连续给药7天，每天一次，给药剂量分别为实施例1制备的猫爪草提取物5g/kg和10g/kg；7天后再次测定小鼠自主活动，比较给药前、给药1h后和给药7天后的自主活动数据，结果表明，经Oneway-ANOVA分析，给药前、给药1h后和给药7天后小鼠自主活动次数和站立次数均无显著性差异，说明猫爪草提取物无中枢兴奋作用。
实施例3猫爪草提取物对小鼠悬尾实验的影响
取雄性ICR小鼠，体重20g左右，随机分组，适应性喂养2天后，各组动物于正式试验前24h进行6min悬尾适应性训练。各组连续灌胃给药7天，每天一次，给药剂量分别为25mg/kg和50mg/kg（实施例1制备），模型组给予等量的生理盐水，于给药7天后测定悬尾倒挂小鼠，在4min内的不动时间。进行试验时环境安静，时间及实验人员固定，具体结果如下：
*和**分别代表与模型组相比P<0.05和0.01
实施例4猫爪草提取物对小鼠强迫游泳实验的影响
取雄性ICR小鼠，体重20g左右，随机分组，适应性喂养2天后，各组连续灌胃给药7天，每天一次，给药剂量分别为25mg/kg和50mg/kg（实施例1制备），模型组给予等量的生理盐水，于给药7天后将小鼠置于水温25℃左右的烧杯中，小鼠适应2min后，之后测定4min的不动时间。小鼠漂浮于水面上，四肢及尾部静止作为不动反应判断标准，结果如下：
*和**分别代表与模型组相比P<0.05和0.01
实施例5
取新生24h的SD大鼠引颈处死，酒精消毒，剥离脑组织并取出海马，迅速置于冰冷的PBS液中，眼科剪剪碎，加0.25%的胰蛋白酶消化，含血清DMEM培养液终止消化，离心去上清，用培养液重新悬浮沉淀，细胞计数，铺入96孔板（1×106个/ml），96孔板预先用多聚赖氨酸包被，孵箱培养2天后，加入5-氟尿嘧啶以抑制胶质细胞等非神经细胞生长，每3天换液。培养7天后，向细胞中加入100uM谷氨酸和10uM甘氨酸，对照组加入等量培养液，造模30min后，向给药组加入实施例1制备的猫爪草提取物或阳性对照，对照组及模型组加入等量培养液，每组6个复孔，继续培养6天后，采用MTT法测定590nm处吸光度，并用生化试剂盒测定各孔上清液中LDH含量。具体结果如下：
本发明内容仅仅举例说明了要求保护的一些具体实施方案，其中一个或更多个技术方案中所记载的技术特征可以与任意的一个或多个技术方案相组合，这些经组合而得到的技术方案也在本申请保护范围内，就像这些经组合而得到的技术方案已经在本发明公开内容中具体记载一样。
Claims (5)
1.猫爪草或其提取物在制备治疗抑郁症的药物中的用途。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途，其特征在于，猫爪草为毛莨科植物小毛莨的块根。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途，其特征在于，猫爪草提取物为极性溶剂提取物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用途，其特征在于，所述猫爪草提取物的制备方法如下：该方法是采用制药工业常规的工艺方法制得：将猫爪草切碎，加入猫爪草重量5～10倍量的水或10～95%乙醇，回流提取2-3次，每次1-2h，合并滤液，减压浓缩至50～70℃下相对密度为1.05～1.15的浸膏，减压干燥或冷冻干燥得干浸膏，粉碎，得到猫爪草提取物。
5.包含权利要求1所述的猫爪草或其提取物的药物制剂在制备治疗抑郁症的药物中的用途。
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