CN105408158B - 具有皮带轮及停车空调运行的交通工具 - Google Patents

具有皮带轮及停车空调运行的交通工具 Download PDF

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CN105408158B
CN105408158B CN201480042603.6A CN201480042603A CN105408158B CN 105408158 B CN105408158 B CN 105408158B CN 201480042603 A CN201480042603 A CN 201480042603A CN 105408158 B CN105408158 B CN 105408158B
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ratchet
generator
motor
auxiliary
decoupled
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CN105408158A (zh
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T·温克勒
M·格克勒
J·克罗尔
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00421Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning
    • B60H1/0045Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning mechanical power take-offs from the vehicle propulsion unit
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/003Starting of engines by means of electric motors said electric motor being also used as a drive for auxiliaries, e.g. for driving transmission pumps or fuel pumps during engine stop
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00735Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
    • B60H1/00764Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models the input being a vehicle driving condition, e.g. speed
    • B60H1/00778Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models the input being a vehicle driving condition, e.g. speed the input being a stationary vehicle position, e.g. parking or stopping
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3222Cooling devices using compression characterised by the compressor driving arrangements, e.g. clutches, transmissions or multiple drives
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H7/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H7/0827Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains for disconnecting the drive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/04Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
    • F02B67/06Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus driven by means of chains, belts, or like endless members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0818Conditions for starting or stopping the engine or for deactivating the idle-start-stop mode
    • F02N11/0833Vehicle conditions
    • F02N11/084State of vehicle accessories, e.g. air condition or power steering
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/022Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the starter comprising an intermediate clutch
    • F02N15/023Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the starter comprising an intermediate clutch of the overrunning type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/08Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the vehicle or its components
    • F02N2200/0806Air condition state
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/12Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like
    • F16D41/16Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like the action being reversible
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Drives, Propulsion Controls, And Safety Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Pulleys (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种交通工具,具有内燃发动机、皮带起动机发电机(RSG)和用于辅助单元的可脱耦的辅助从动装置,其中,至少一个空调压缩机和一个可用作电动机和发电机的、作为皮带起动机发电机的电机设置在辅助从动装置中作为辅助单元,其特征在于,辅助从动装置的脱耦及耦合借助一个形状锁合的离合器、尤其一个可转换的棘爪式自由轮装置来实现;在内燃发动机的停止状态中在短暂停机阶段中借助辅助单元的反向转动进行停车空调运行,并且,在停机阶段后借助电机旋转方向的反向进行内燃发动机的起动。

Description

具有皮带轮及停车空调运行的交通工具
技术领域
本发明涉及具有皮带起动机发电机(RSG)及可脱耦的辅助从动装置的交通工具,尤其用于停车空调驱动与可切换的皮带轮相组合的再起动策略。
背景技术
具有皮带起动机发电机的交通工具已是公知的,这些交通工具的特点在于:
a)具有扭转振动减振器(TSD)的刚性皮带轮
b)具有扭转振动减振器的皮带轮脱耦器(RSE)
c)用于辅助单元的摩擦锁合的电磁离合器
仅在变体c)中可表示曲轴分离的运行点。但由于安装空间的原因不可实现与皮带轮脱耦器组合。从作为所谓脉冲起动的停车空调运行出发借助一个摩擦锁合的离合器可直接进行内燃发动机的起动。
已知方案中的缺点是:不能实现停车或停机的空调机运行,因为皮带传动装置在机械上不能与曲轴分离。在起动/停机过程中内部空间的温度升高或由于内燃发动机的提前再起动产生CO2有害成分。如果使用电磁离合器,则不可实现与RSE(皮带轮脱耦器)组合。
具有皮带起动机发电机(RSG)及可脱耦的辅助从动装置的交通工具在发动机停止时皮带传动装置可通过一个电机(E-Maschine)被电驱动,以便例如当发动机切断和停止时实现空调运行。该运行点例如发生在信号灯旁的停机阶段或在惰行运行中。内燃发动机从该运行状态的快速再起动是迫切需要的。
摩擦锁合地工作的离合器(例如电磁离合器)基本上满足该要求,因为存在的转速差通过滑动来补偿并且由此可直接地起动(脉冲起动)内燃发动机。但出于安装空间的原因这种离合器不能与皮带轮脱耦器(RSE)相组合。
由德国公开文献DE 10 2011 081 121 A1已知一种具有斜坡系统的皮带轮组件,当驱动轴停止并且例如一个与皮带轮共同作用的牵引器件逆着驱动方向,尤其借助一个电机、例如一个起动机发电机来驱动时,可通过该斜坡系统使皮带轮与驱动轴脱耦。由德国公开文献DE 10 2012 208 318 A1已知具有曲轴皮带轮和起动机发电机的皮带传动装置,其中停车空调运行通过起动机发电机的反向旋转来实现,其中在曲轴停止或慢速转动的情况下,例如在停车空调运行及起动运行中,一离心力离合器打开且不传递转矩。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于提供一种解决方案,其将整个系统层面上的智能应用策略与可切换的皮带轮脱耦器(RSES)相组合,以便实现由停车空调运行出发的快速再起动,而不必使用摩擦锁合式离合器的方案。RSES(皮带轮脱耦器)由一个传统的皮带轮脱耦器(RSE)与一个附加的用于使曲轴与皮带轮分离的形状锁合元件组成。
通过本发明可实现在辅助单元转动的情况下尽可能舒适且快速的内燃发动机再起动。在再起动时,辅助单元可通过两个原则性方案耦合到内燃发动机上,即或者通过摩擦锁合的连接或者通过形状锁合的连接。在摩擦锁合的方案中,即使在辅助从动装置与内燃发动机之间有一定转速差的情况下辅助单元也可被耦合。在形状锁合的方案中,在辅助从动装置与内燃发动机之间仅允许存在小的转速差,以便两者再耦合,因为否则会出现过高的力。由此导致:在形状锁合方案(例如RSES)中,在辅助单元可再耦合到内燃发动机上之前,该辅助单元首先必需被制动。辅助单元的制动需要一定时间,该时间可通过电机的附加发电来缩短。然而因为电机在低转速时在发电机模式中不能施加力矩,所以用于制动辅助单元的时间就比较长。
电动机具有特性:在转速为0的情况下不能施加发电机力矩。然而,电机在转速为0时具有最大的电动机力矩。这可被用于快速的再起动,其方式是使辅助单元或者说电机在停车空调运行时在正常运行的相反方向上或在内燃发动机旋转方向的相反方向上运行。这具有多个优点,其一是电机在要求“再起动”后电机仅一次地变换极性并且然后进行简单的电动机运行,其二是电机在电动机运行中在转速过零时具有最大转矩。由此,控制技术的成本是小的,并且使用于辅助单元制动的时间最小化。此外,不形成脉冲式的高力矩,其例如可能损害皮带轮的使用寿命。
通过辅助单元在停车空调的运行点上的反向转动,可使停止的内燃发动机的再起动与形状锁合的分离方案的组合在舒适性及时间方面得到优化。
该交通工具的一个优选实施例的特征在于:可转换的棘爪式自由轮装置包括一个转换装置和至少一个发电机棘爪,所述发电机棘爪能通过所述转换装置由锁止位置转换到空转位置。转换装置例如是一个转换笼。棘爪式自由轮装置优选地包括一个内环及一个外环。发电机棘爪在其锁止位置中通过形状锁合能实现内环与外环之间的抗扭转连接。
该交通工具的另一优选实施例的特征在于:可转换的棘爪式自由轮装置包括一个助力棘爪,所述助力棘爪在相对于发电机棘爪相反的相对转动方向上锁止。助力棘爪能够由此在与发电机棘爪相反的相对转动方向上实现转矩传递。助力棘爪的转换优选地借助与引起发电机棘爪转换的那个相同的转换装置进行。
该交通工具的另一优选实施例的特征在于:皮带起动机发电机与皮带轮脱耦器相组合。皮带轮脱耦器阻止:不希望的旋转振动或转矩冲击被导入皮带传动装置。
该交通工具的另一优选实施例的特征在于:皮带轮脱耦器包括扭转振动减振器和/或旋转振动减振器。扭转振动减振器优选地实施为弓形弹簧减振器。
在一种用于运行交通工具的方法中,该交通工具具有内燃发动机、皮带起动机发电机和用于辅助单元的可脱耦的辅助从动装置,其中,至少一个空调压缩机和一个可用作电动机和发电机的、作为皮带起动机发电机的电机设置在辅助从动装置中作为辅助单元,所述交通工具尤其为上述的交通工具,上述任务替代地或附加地通过如下方式解决:辅助从动装置的脱耦及耦合借助一个形状锁合的离合器来实现;以及,在内燃发动机的停止状态中在短暂停机阶段中借助辅助单元的反向转动进行停车空调运行,并且,在停机阶段后借助电机旋转方向的反向进行内燃发动机的起动。
该方法的一个优选实施例的特征在于:在停车空调运行中,一个或所述助力棘爪被空转地滚过。助力棘爪能实现附加的助力功能。
该方法的另一优选实施例的特征在于:当在停机阶段后要求起动内燃发动机时,可作为皮带起动机发电机使用的电机被变换极性。通过电机变换极性与辅助单元的反向转动相结合可在内燃发动机起动时达到一个特别缓和的响应特性。此外,可缩短用于起动内燃发动机所需的时间。
该方法的另一优选实施例的特征在于:在内燃发动机起动后,一个或所述发电机棘爪被转换到其锁止位置中。在正常运行中,发电机棘爪位于其锁止位置中。
附图说明
本发明的其它优点、特征及细节可由以下说明得到,在该说明中参照附图对不同的实施例进行详细描述。附图示出:
图1:一个笛卡儿坐标曲线图,其中表示转速相对于时间的曲线,以表明传统的停车空调运行与根据本发明的停车空调运行之间的区别;
图2:一个笛卡儿坐标曲线图,其中表示停车空调运行的传统起动过程;
图3:与图2相同的坐标曲线图,其中表示停车空调运行的根据本发明的起动过程;
图4a:根据本发明的交通工具的简化的等效线路图;
图4b:两个矩形,其中示出在正常运行中的自由轮装置和在停车空调运行中的自由轮装置;
图5:两个笛卡儿坐标曲线图,其中表示转速及棘爪位置相对于时间的曲线。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有x轴1和y轴2的笛卡儿坐标曲线图。在x轴上以秒为单位表示时间。在y轴上以一个适合的单位表示转速。x轴1下方的区域3表示根据本发明的停车空调运行。x轴1上方的区域4表示传统的停车空调运行。区域5代表一个发动机停机阶段。
曲线区段11表示通过发电机运行的传统的制动。曲线区段12表示根据本发明的停车空调运行3中的辅助单元的反向旋转。曲线区段11在一个正的转速9的情况下开始。该正的转速可为内燃发动机的空转转速。
曲线区段12在一个负的转速10的情况下开始。该负的转速10可为负的空转转速。曲线区段13表示内燃发动机的发动机转速。由双箭头15来表示通过根据本发明的停车空调运行3中辅助单元的反向旋转所节省的时间。
在图2及3中各上下相继地表示三个笛卡儿坐标曲线图21,22,23;31,32,33。在这些坐标曲线图的x轴上各以秒为单位表示时间。在曲线图21;31上各以适合的转速单位,例如每分钟多少千转来表示转速。曲线24;34表示曲轴皮带轮转速的变化。曲线25;35表示内燃发动机转速的变化。
在笛卡儿坐标曲线图22;32的y轴上各以牛顿-米为单位表示力矩。曲线26;36表示皮带起动机发电机的力矩的变化。曲线27;37表示空调压缩机的力矩的变化。
在笛卡儿坐标曲线图23;33中在y轴上各以牛顿-米为单位表示力矩。曲线28;38表示皮带轮脱耦器的力矩的变化。曲线29;39表示一个棘爪自由轮装置的力矩的变化。在图3中在30处可看到:通过辅助单元的反向转动在内燃发动机起动时达到一个缓和的响应特性及起动时间的缩短。
在图4a中极为简化地示出在曲轴41与皮带轮42之间的根据本发明的离合器装置40。离合器装置40包括自由轮装置81与形状锁合的离合器82的组合,该离合器装置可有利地通过在相反方向上作用的自由轮装置形成。
皮带轮脱耦器44被连接在曲轴41与离合器装置40之间。皮带轮脱耦器44例如被实施为弓形弹簧减振器。离合器装置40用于形成一个可切换的形状锁合件与一个可切换的自由轮装置的组合。
在图4b中在矩形45中表示可切换的棘爪式自由轮装置的正常运行。在矩形46中表示该可切换的棘爪式自由轮装置的停车空调运行。可切换的棘爪式自由轮装置包括一个内环48,该内环例如可抗扭转地与曲轴相连接。在此情况下,皮带轮脱耦器可连接在曲轴与棘爪式自由轮装置的内环之间。棘爪式自由轮装置的内环48能相对外环49转动。
棘爪式自由轮装置的外环49例如通过至少一个皮带轨(Riemenspur)与皮带传动机构的皮带抗扭转地连接。在棘爪式自由轮装置的内环48与外环49之间设置有发电机棘爪51和助力棘爪52。棘爪51,52可在自由轮位置与锁止位置之间运动或转换。
棘爪51,52的转换借助一个转换装置54来实现。转换装置54例如被构成具有转换指55,56的转换笼。转换装置54中的转换指55被配属给发电机棘爪51。转换装置54中的转换指56配置给助力棘爪52。
在正常运行45时,不仅发电机棘爪51而且助力棘爪52均位于其锁止位置中。由此在棘爪式自由轮装置的内环48与外环49之间建立了形状锁合的连接。在停车空调运行46时,发电机棘爪51借助转换装置54,尤其借助转换指55折拢。
为了停车空调运行,使矩形46中的外环49向右运动。这相应于皮带传动装置中旋转方向的反向。助力棘爪56被空转地滚过,也就是说,不通过助力棘爪52进行转矩的传递。
为了内燃发动机的再起动,使旋转方向再反向。为了再起动,使外环49向左运动。锁止的助力棘爪52能在外环49与内环48之间传递转矩。发电机棘爪51随后可借助转换装置54接入。这两个棘爪51,52例如通过一个弹簧装置被预紧,优选地预紧在其锁止位置中。
在图5中上下相继地表示两个笛卡儿坐标曲线图。上方的坐标曲线图包括x轴60和y轴61。在x轴60上以秒为单位表示时间。在y轴61上以每分钟的转数为单位表述转速。虚线62表示曲轴转速的变化。双线63表示皮带轮转速的变化。
下方的坐标曲线图包括x轴66和y轴67。在x轴66上以秒为单位表示时间。在y轴67上表示发电机棘爪(图4b中51)的定位或位置。
通过双箭头71至74表示不同的时间区段。时间区段71表示停车空调运行。时间区段72表示起动准备。时间区段73表示发动机起动,即内燃发动机起动。时间区段74表示借助内燃发动机的行驶运行。
在时间区段71及72中曲轴的转速62等于零,这就是说内燃发动机停机。在停车空调运行71中皮带轮反向转动。在发动机起动73时皮带轮和曲轴以相同转速正向转动。在时间区段71至73中发电机棘爪68位于其折拢位置。发电机棘爪可在发动机起动73后被转换,或者如虚线所示稍后被转换。
附图标记列表
1 x轴
2 y轴
4 停车空调运行
5 发动机停机阶段
11 曲线区段
12 曲线区段
13 曲线区段
15 双箭头
21 曲线图
22 曲线图
23 曲线图
24 曲线
25 曲线
26 曲线
27 曲线
28 曲线
29 曲线
30 区域
31 曲线图
32 曲线图
33 曲线图
34 曲线
35 曲线
36 曲线
37 曲线
38 曲线
39 曲线
40 离合器装置
41 曲轴
42 皮带轮
44 皮带轮脱耦器
45 矩形
46 矩形
48 内环
49 外环
51 发电机棘爪
52 助力棘爪
54 转换装置
55 转换指
56 转换指
60 x轴
61 y轴
62 虚线
63 双线
66 x轴
67 y轴
68 线
71 双箭头
72 双箭头
73 双箭头
74 双箭头
81 自由轮装置
82 形状锁合的离合器

Claims (8)

1.交通工具,其具有内燃发动机、皮带起动机发电机(RSG)和用于辅助单元的可脱耦的辅助从动装置,其中,至少一个空调压缩机和一个可用作电动机及发电机的、作为皮带起动机发电机的电机设置在辅助从动装置中作为辅助单元,其特征在于,辅助从动装置的脱耦及耦合借助一个形状锁合的离合器(82)来实现;以及,在内燃发动机的停止状态中在短暂停机阶段中借助辅助单元的反向转动进行停车空调运行,并且,在停机阶段后借助电机旋转方向的反转进行内燃发动机的起动,辅助从动装置的脱耦及耦合借助一个可转换的棘爪式自由轮装置(81)来实现,所述可转换的棘爪式自由轮装置(81)包括一个转换装置(54)和至少一个发电机棘爪(51),所述发电机棘爪能通过所述转换装置(54)从锁止位置转换到空转位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的交通工具,其特征在于,所述可转换的棘爪式自由轮装置(81)包括一个助力棘爪(52),所述助力棘爪在相对于所述发电机棘爪(51)相反的相对转动方向上锁止。
3.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的交通工具,其特征在于,所述皮带起动机发电机(RSG)与皮带轮脱耦器(44)相结合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的交通工具,其特征在于,所述皮带轮脱耦器(44)包括扭转振动减振器和/或旋转振动减振器。
5.用于运行根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的交通工具的方法,其特征在于,所述辅助从动装置的脱耦及耦合借助一个形状锁合的离合器(82)来实现;以及,在内燃发动机的停止状态中在短暂停机阶段中借助辅助单元的反向转动进行停车空调运行,并且,在停机阶段后借助电机旋转方向的反向进行内燃发动机的起动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,在停车空调运行时,一个助力棘爪或者所述助力棘爪(52)被空转地滚过。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其特征在于,当在停机阶段后要求起动内燃发动机时,可作为皮带起动机发电机使用的电机被变换极性。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,在内燃发动机起动后,一个发电机棘爪或者所述发电机棘爪(51)被转换到其锁止位置中。
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