CN105395782A - 一种用于慢阻肺雾化吸入药物制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于慢阻肺雾化吸入药物制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于慢阻肺雾化吸入药物制备方法,以解决慢阻肺的治疗问题。其特征在于制备方法包括:(1)将木瓜、蕤核、亚罗椿、崖姜、娑罗子、香樟、鬼目草、胡麻子粗粉提取挥发油,得混合挥发油和药渣备用;(2)将鹿蹄草、山黄瓜、鸡头米、石花以及步骤1中所得药渣混匀,水提醇沉,过滤除醇后经多微孔膜超滤,滤液浓缩干燥,得出初料;(3)将步骤1中所得挥发油喷入步骤2所得初料中,混匀,粉碎过100目筛后灭菌而成。临床实验证明:本发明治疗慢阻肺咳嗽具有疗效好和安全性较高的特点,值得临床应用、推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,具体涉及一种用于慢阻肺雾化吸入药物制备方法。
背景技术
慢阻肺即慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronicobstructivepulmonarydiseases,COPD),以不完全可逆的气流受限为特点。慢阻肺中最常见的症状即为咳嗽、咳痰,长期、反复、逐渐加重的咳嗽是本病的突出表现。慢阻肺病程可分为急性加重期和稳定期。慢阻肺急性加重期多伴发热等炎症表现,需要住院治疗,而稳定期则一般仅仅伴有咳嗽、咳痰、气短等症状,基本上没有炎性反应。目前临床对于COPD的处理,需按照病程分别进行治疗,急性加重期抗炎治疗有效而且必须,而稳定期多不伴有炎症,但是临床往往与慢性支气管炎不能区分,仍用大量抗炎药物进行治疗,中医药治疗也是如此,在稳定期仍使用大量的清热解毒药物,久之造成抗生素滥用或者寒凉伤肺。或者一味地认为稳定期应该补正,补脾益肾,忽视了咳嗽症状的纠正。
近年来的病理研究表明,呼吸道分泌物增多,黏液分泌紊乱和清除障碍是COPD咳嗽发病的内在机理,为了解决上述问题,目前有临床主张术后使用氧气驱动氨溴索雾化吸入,其药理作用在于进肺表面活性物质的分泌及气道液体分泌,使痰中的黏多糖蛋白纤维断裂,促进黏痰溶解,显著降低痰粘度,增强支气管黏膜纤毛运动,促进痰液排出。但是由于氨溴索仅仅为化痰药,并无镇咳效果,患者不能短期内获得疗效,导致治疗信心丧失或者自己盲目寻求镇咳药物,而使用镇咳药物,则会因为抑制咳嗽反射而导致支气管分泌物滞留,引发肺通气不足,甚至肺段不张,进而发生肺部感染。因此,需要寻求一种既可以缓解COPD稳定期咳嗽症状,减少患者痛苦,又能够不会增加肺部感染发生率的药物。
发明内容
本发明的技术任务是针对以上现有技术的不足,提供一种用于慢阻肺雾化吸入药物制备方法,通过使用该雾化吸入药物既可以缓解COPD稳定期咳嗽症状,减少患者痛苦,又能够不会增加肺部感染发生率。
本发明解决其技术问题的技术方案是:一种用于慢阻肺雾化吸入药物制备方法,其特征在于由下列重量配比的原料药制备而成:木瓜10~30份、蕤核3~12份、亚罗椿3~12份、山黄瓜12~20份、崖姜12~20份、鹿蹄草12~20份、香樟12~20份、石花10~25份、娑罗子12~20份、鸡头米12~20份、胡麻子3~12份、鬼目草1~5份。
本发明中药可按下列方法制备而成:
(1)将木瓜、蕤核、亚罗椿、崖姜、娑罗子、香樟、鬼目草、胡麻子粗粉分别以水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,得混合挥发油和药渣备用;
(2)将鹿蹄草、山黄瓜、鸡头米、石花以及步骤1中所得药渣混匀,加10倍水量,加水煎煮2次,每次1小时,合并煎液,纱布过滤后静置;然后往煎液中加入3~4倍药液的95%的乙醇,密闭静置48h,过滤,滤液除去乙醇后经多微孔膜超滤,滤液浓缩干燥,得出初料;
(3)将步骤1中所得挥发油喷入步骤2所得初料中,混匀,粉碎过100目筛后灭菌而成。
其中所述的:木瓜,为蔷薇科植物贴梗海棠Chaenomelesspeciosa(Sweet)Nakai的干燥近成熟果实。性味酸,温。归肝、脾经。功能主治:平肝舒筋,和胃化湿。用于湿痹拘挛,腰膝关节酸重疼痛,吐泻转筋,脚气水肿。
蕤核,为蔷薇科植物蕤核PrinsepiaunifloraBatal.或齿叶扁核木PrinsepiaunifloraBatal.var.serrataRehd.的干燥成熟果核。性味甘,微寒。归肝经。功能主治:养肝明目,疏风散热。用于目赤肿痛,睑弦赤烂,目暗羞明。
亚罗椿,为楝科亚罗椿CipadessabacciferaMiq.,以根、叶入药。性味苦,凉。功能主治:疏风解表,截疟。主治疟疾。
山黄瓜,为百合科植物柔毛油点草的根。主治跌打损伤。
崖姜,为蕨类水龙骨科崖姜属植物崖姜Pseudodrynariacoronans(Wall.)Ching,以根状茎入药。性味苦、微涩,温。功能主治:祛风除湿,舒筋活络。
鹿蹄草,为鹿蹄草科植物鹿蹄草PyrolacallianthaH.Andres或卵叶鹿蹄草PyroladecorataH.Andres的干燥全草;性味甘、苦,温;归肝、肾经;功可补虚、益肾、祛风除湿、活血调经。
香樟,为樟科植物樟的常绿乔木,用其枝叶;性味微辛,温;功可温中止痛、辟秽和中、祛风除湿。
石花,钟乳液Stakactite滴石上散溅如花者。性味甘;温;无毒。功能主治:温肾;壮骨;助阳。主筋骨痿软;腰脚冷痛;阳痿早泄。
娑罗子,为七叶树科植物七叶树AesculuschinensisBge.、浙江七叶树AesculuschinensisBge.var.chekiangensis(HuetFang)Fang或天师栗AesculuswilsoniiRehd.的干燥成熟种子。性味甘,温。归肝、胃经。理气宽中,和胃止痛。
鸡头米,为睡莲科植物芡EuryaleferoxSalisb.的干燥成熟种仁。性味甘、涩,平。归经归脾、肾经。功能主治:益肾固精,补脾止泻,祛湿止带。
胡麻子,为亚麻科亚麻属植物亚麻LinumusitatissimumL.的干燥成熟种子。性味甘,微温。功能主治:润肠通便、养血祛风。用于肠燥便秘;老人皮肤干燥起鳞屑,过敏性皮炎,皮肤瘙痒;疮疡湿疹。
鬼目草,为茄科植物白英SolanumlyratumThunb.的全草。味甘;苦;性寒。归肝;胆;肾经。功可清热利湿;解毒消肿。
现有技术中,COPD如果使用镇咳药物,则会因为抑制咳嗽反射而导致支气管分泌物滞留,引发肺通气不足,进而发生肺部感染。但患者频繁的咳嗽会严重影响患者生活和康复。镇咳与肺部感染并发症成为一对不可调和的矛盾。
与现有技术相比较,本发明具有以下特点:
1、本组方并未使用镇咳药物,而是通过疏散水气、统调肺络达到减少呼吸道粘液产生,从而减少刺激性咳嗽的发生;
2、方中以木瓜、蕤核为核心,所述的木瓜、蕤核原本多用于肝经疾病,但发明人临床应用木瓜、蕤核这一药对进行雾化吸入则可以降低因粘液刺激造成的咳嗽,其机理与疏风散水相关,而动物实验也证实,木瓜、蕤核2:1混合水煎液雾化吸入,可以有效地降低大鼠模型气道粘蛋白、MUC5AC蛋白的表达水平;
3、亚罗椿可以增强蕤核的疏散效果,且其强度明显高于其他的解表药;山黄瓜、崖姜可以通肺络,用以降低气道阻力;三者配合统调肺络;
4、胡麻子可以拮抗过度散水气带来的伤津;
5、鹿蹄草和香樟,意为温育阳气,气随阳动,而助木瓜发散水气;且鹿蹄草水提物能抑制小鼠血清中的皮肤过敏抗体及鼷鼠脾溶血性细胞的产生,缓解配方总体对于气道粘膜的刺激;
6、娑罗子、石花搭配有下气纳气之功能;
7、取小量鬼目草,为反佐之意,以防止温热药物太过而生内燥。
具体实施方式
以下结合实际情况,对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。
实施例1,原料药重量配比:木瓜20g、蕤核12g、亚罗椿12g、山黄瓜15g、崖姜15g、鹿蹄草15g、香樟15g、石花20g、娑罗子15g、鸡头米15g、胡麻子12g、鬼目草2g。
实施例1的制备方法是:将木瓜、鹿蹄草、蕤核、鸡头米、亚罗椿、山黄瓜、崖姜、香樟、石花、娑罗子、鬼目草、胡麻子混合加水煎煮,30分钟后取滤液,药渣加水继续煎煮20分钟后取滤液,两次滤液合并,再用二层纱布过滤,所得滤液60℃~70℃浓缩至密度1.15,浓缩液冷却后分3次加入95%乙醇,使溶液乙醇浓度达到75%,密闭静置48h,过滤,滤液除去乙醇,用G4垂熔玻璃漏斗滤至澄明,100℃,灭菌30min,保存。
实施例2,原料药重量配比:木瓜10份、蕤核3份、亚罗椿3份、山黄瓜12份、崖姜12份、鹿蹄草12份、香樟12份、石花10份、娑罗子12份、鸡头米12份、胡麻子3份、鬼目草1份。
实施例3,原料药重量配比:木瓜20份、蕤核12份、亚罗椿12份、山黄瓜15份、崖姜15份、鹿蹄草15份、香樟15份、石花20份、娑罗子15份、鸡头米15份、胡麻子12份、鬼目草2份。
实施例4,原料药重量配比:木瓜30份、蕤核12份、亚罗椿12份、山黄瓜20份、崖姜20份、鹿蹄草20份、香樟20份、石花25份、娑罗子20份、鸡头米20份、胡麻子12份、鬼目草5份。
实施例2~4的中药可按下列方法制备而成:
(1)将木瓜、蕤核、亚罗椿、香樟、崖姜、娑罗子、鬼目草、胡麻子粗粉分别以水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,得混合挥发油和药渣备用;
(2)将鹿蹄草、山黄瓜、鸡头米、石花以及步骤1中所得药渣混匀,加10倍水量,加水煎煮2次,每次1小时,合并煎液,纱布过滤后静置;然后往煎液中加入3~4倍药液的95%的乙醇,密闭静置48h,过滤,滤液除去乙醇后经多微孔膜超滤,滤液浓缩干燥,得出初料;
(3)将步骤1中所得挥发油喷入步骤2所得初料中,混匀,粉碎过100目筛后灭菌而成。
上述药物的有效组合,互相协调,有效达到起到对慢阻肺稳定期治疗的作用,且副作用较少。上述结果为临床资料充分证明,有关资料如下。
1对象与方法。
1.1对象。
1.1.1病例选择:2011年3月~2015年3月诊断为慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期、门诊就诊主诉为咳嗽的患者100例,其中男性病患为81例,女性病患为19例,年龄在43~85岁之间,平均年龄为62.4岁,病程3~24年,平均为16.8年。并排除合并有肺部感染的患者。
1.1.2分组:分为对照组37例、液体组31例和粉剂组32例。三组患者治疗前在性别、年龄、病情分级、咳嗽积分等方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2方法。
1.2.1雾化吸入药物选择:对照组采用沐舒坦注射液,15mg每次;液体组以本发明实施例1所得雾化吸入液,每次使用剂量相当于生药量40g;粉剂组以本发明实施例3中所得灭菌粉末,每次使用剂量相当于生药量40g。
1.2.2雾化吸入方法:三组患者均采用氧气驱动雾化吸入治疗14d:将药物用生理盐水溶解并定容为20ml,氧流量6~8L/min,每日治疗1次,每次20min。所有患者治疗中如发生伴发肺部感染,则终止本治疗方案,转为抗感染治疗。
1.2.3观察指标:疗程完成情况,治疗前后症状、体征,肺部感染发生情况及用药相关不良反应。症状比较标准为“咳嗽积分”((coughscore),评分标准依从《2013MIMS呼吸系统疾病指南》。
1.2.4临床疗效判定:参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》,临床控制:咳嗽、咯痰、气喘等症状消失且停药2周内没有复发;显效:咳嗽、咯痰、气喘等症状消失,但停药2周内复发;好转:咳嗽、咯痰、气喘等症状有所好转;无效:咳嗽、咯痰、气喘等症状无明显改善或出现肺部感染。
1.2.5统计学分析:SPSS18.0进行统计学分析。计量资料用t检验,计数资料用χ2检验。
2结果。
2.1三组肺部感染发生率及治疗完成率比较:三组患者治疗过程中的肺部感染发生情况分别为对照组3例、液体组1例、粉剂组1例,肺部感染发生后中断单纯雾化吸入治疗计划,转为抗感染治疗,三组的肺部感染发生率组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组患者完成病例分别为对照组34例、液体组31例、粉剂组30例,治疗完成率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结果表明,液体组、粉剂组方案不会增加肺部感染发生率。
2.1三组完成病例咳嗽积分比较:使用咳嗽积分表对三组完成病例咳嗽情况进行评分,见下表,
组别 | 例数 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 |
对照组 | 34 | 4.82±1.04 | 3.19±1.26 |
液体组 | 30 | 4.74±1.02 | 1.74±1.05 |
粉剂组 | 31 | 4.80±1.26 | 1.81±1.17 |
结果显示,三组治疗后的咳嗽积分均较治疗前有明显下降(P<0.05),组间结果表明,液体组、粉剂组咳嗽缓解情况均明显好于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
2.1三组完成病例临床疗效比较:见下表,
组别 | 例数 | 临床控制 | 显效 | 好转 | 无效 | 总有效率 |
对照组 | 34 | 7 | 14 | 5 | 8 | 76.47% |
液体组 | 30 | 15 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 96.67% |
粉剂组 | 31 | 17 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 96.77% |
治疗14d后,液体组、粉剂组的总有效率明显高于对照组(χ2=5.37,P<0.05;χ2=5.60,P<0.05)。临床控制率分别为对照组20.59%、液体组50.00%、粉剂组54.84%,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.11,P<0.05;χ2=8.16,P<0.01)。证实本发明两种实施方式制得的药物具有疗效好、不易复发的有益效果。
2.2不良反应及耐受性:用药期间及停药后,三组患者体温、呼吸、血压、脉搏比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),亦均无明显心、肝、肾不良反应及哮喘症状发生。
3.结论。
本研究结果显示,使用本发明的液体组和粉剂组具有疗效好、不易复发的有益效果,可明显缓解咳嗽症状,且无不良反应发生,说明本发明方法制备的药物在治疗慢阻肺咳嗽方面拥有疗效肯定、安全性高的优点。
Claims (1)
1.一种用于慢阻肺雾化吸入药物制备方法,其特征在于,原料药物为木瓜、蕤核、鸡头米、鹿蹄草、亚罗椿、山黄瓜、崖姜、香樟、石花、娑罗子、鬼目草、胡麻子,由以下步骤组成:
(1)将木瓜、蕤核、亚罗椿、崖姜、娑罗子、香樟、鬼目草、胡麻子粗粉分别以水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油,得混合挥发油和药渣备用;
(2)将鹿蹄草、山黄瓜、鸡头米、石花以及步骤1中所得药渣混匀,加10倍水量,加水煎煮2次,每次1小时,合并煎液,纱布过滤后静置;然后往煎液中加入3~4倍药液的95%的乙醇,密闭静置48h,过滤,滤液除去乙醇后经多微孔膜超滤,滤液浓缩干燥,得出初料;
(3)将步骤1中所得挥发油喷入步骤2所得初料中,混匀,粉碎过100目筛后灭菌而成。
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