CN105391345B - A kind of piezoelectric generator fluid dynamic sound source excitation method - Google Patents
A kind of piezoelectric generator fluid dynamic sound source excitation method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/185—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators using fluid streams
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of piezoelectric generator fluid dynamic sound source excitation method, air-flow is produced after pipeline variation characteristic and sound wave are flowed through in cavity using air-flow, the characteristic for causing structural vibration is propagated in pore, there is provided a kind of air-flow cause sound piezo-electric generating forced vibration device of new non-activity part, the nonlinear vibration mechanism with piece wise linearity system of fluid dynamic sound source is excited with mechanical automodulation air-flow, meet automobile, automatic driving vehicle, weapon application system, space flight and aviation system, robot, the self-powered demand of application system in the various fields such as city or cell illumination, make full use of the regenerative resource of cleaning, with important theory value and Engineering Guidance meaning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention provides a kind of piezoelectric generator fluid dynamic sound source excitation method, relates to the use of the stream that air-flow induces sound wave
Body power sound source, excitation PZT (piezoelectric transducer) export the device of electric energy, belong to air-flow piezoelectricity technical field of power generation.
Background technology
Vibration piezoelectric generator it is critical only that efficient energy converting between mechanical and high power Acquisition Circuit.Various high power collections
Circuit, either using standard interface circuit, is also based on the synchronous circuit of switch, and its theoretical and design is more ripe, has developed
Various low-loss energy acquisition circuits, structure is essentially identical.Electromechanical transducer it is critical only that high performance piezoelectric material or piezoelectricity
Composite, and its preparation technology, this belongs to Material Field.The collection power decision of oscillatory type piezoelectric transducer shakes in input
Frequency, the quality of electric organ, electromechanical coupling factor of piezoelectric energy-conversion device of dynamic signal etc., in order to meet generator output work
How rate, magnitude of voltage, be more efficiently electric energy by the stream reforming of naturally occurring, is one of problem of our times.Mesh
Before, stream pressure directly acts on PZT (piezoelectric transducer) generator, and usually beam type mechanical excitation structure and multi-layer piezoelectric is changed
Energy device, has that big size, complex structure, product percent of pass are low.
Vibration piezoelectric generator of the vibration source from environment apoplexy, air-flow, is a kind of renewable sources of energy of cleaning.Excitation comes from work
Make the natural wind in environment（Or the air-flow that head-on air is produced）Electric power system, its wind speed is low, 1~10m/s of scope, i.e., 1~5
The gentle breeze and wind of level, generator all use trunnion axis or vertical axis turbines formula rotational structure, and turbine is pushed directly on by wind or air-flow
The magneto-electric transducer that blade rotates excitation generates electricity.For the self-contained electric system of general device or system, turbogenerator is deposited
Fabricating yard is difficult, bulky, complex structure, movable members low intensity, the noise such as impeller, turbine are big, and magnetoelectricity transducing is easy
The problems such as causing electromagnetic pollution.
Chinese invention patent " a kind of breeze generating set based on piezo-electric effect "（The patent No.：CN201210277507.2,
Nanjing Aero-Space University Zhou Chengfeng etc.）, disclose a kind of breeze generating set based on piezo-electric effect, including base plate and set
The piezoelectricity a period of time on base plate and lift-type blower fan are put, toothed cam, piezoelectricity battle array are connected with the rotating shaft of lift-type blower fan
Son is distributed on the outside of cam, and the tooth top of cam is pinnacle, and the number of teeth of cam is N, and the number in piezoelectricity a period of time is M, minimum speed per hour 4
Worked in the gentle breeze environment of kilometer, power output reaches 15mW.The invention is shaken using blower fan and cam tooth the excitation piezoelectricity of rotation
Son, system strength is low, and antijamming capability is low, and complex structure, volume are bigger than normal.
United States Patent (USP) " Forced vibration piezo generator and piezo actuator Sapir "
(the patent No.：US 8040022, Sapir;Itzhak Irvine, CA), disclose a kind of using one or more cantilever beams
The air-flow of formula piezoelectric-array causes the piezoelectric generator that shakes, and piezoelectric power generation system includes multiple piezo-electric generator modules, each piezoelectricity hair
Motor module includes multiple piezoelectric cantilevers and fluid pressure regulator, and fluid pressure regulator is arranged on each cantilever beam,
There are flow check piston and steam vent.The invention adjusts air-flow and cantilever piezoelectric array by the piston mechanism of linear motion,
Similarly there are low system strength, poor anti-interference, complex structure, bulky problem.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of piezoelectric generator fluid dynamic sound source excitation method, is generation sound after outer gas stream is adjusted
Ripple, the conversion of vibration-electric energy is realized by fluid dynamic sound source excitation PZT (piezoelectric transducer) vibration, be can be made into a kind of air-flow and is caused
Acoustic vibration piezoelectric generator.
A kind of piezoelectric generator fluid dynamic sound source excitation method of the present invention, it is characterised in that：
One uiform section annular space air inlet：Narrow shape sideshake is provided, with fluidised form turn to twist it is fast, tend to uniform fast, rectification and make
The advantages of symmetrically recovery capability is strong with obvious, air velocity, turning point abuts air inlet.
One Wei Duoxinsiji nozzle：Be evenly distributed fast turbulent flow, nozzle of velocity field development in air intake duct is provided and head piece
Form the spray that Vortex Shedding induces Fluctuating Pressure Field, it is possible to increase the operating efficiency of nozzle.
One fluid dynamic sound source：Under coupling between nozzle, cavity and sound pipe three, the pulsation of Vortex Shedding
Pressure field impacts abrupt-change cross section sound pipe oral area cusped edge, produces edge tones, forms higher-frequency, small amplitude fluid dynamic sound source, and
Vortex shedding frequencies are captured by frequency of sound wave, and the vibration frequency of stabilization is provided for PZT (piezoelectric transducer).
One air-flow causes sound intensity vibrating mechanism：The pressure that abrupt-change cross section shrinks sound pipe and periphery fixation piezoelectric patches composition is shaken
Structure is moved, makes the sound wave total reflection superposition that vortex induces, sound pressure amplitudes synthesized in sound pipe and reaches maximum formation standing wave, the sound intensity
It is exaggerated, improves the output electric energy of vibration frequency and PZT (piezoelectric transducer).
The present invention develops the piezoelectric generator of fluid dynamic sound source exciting, including uiform section annular space air inlet, Wei Duoxinsi
Piezoelectric patches is fixed on base nozzle, abrupt-change cross section sound pipe, periphery.The air-flow of nozzle-sound pipe exciting causes acoustic excitation process, is a complexity
Non-linear process, by " vortex street " Gu and, the stream-sound-coupling of edge tones, cavity-sound pipe structure three formed, be conducive to
Improve PZT (piezoelectric transducer) conversion efficiency and generated output power.
Outer gas stream is adjusted by the air-flow of uiform section annular space air inlet, Wei Duoxinsiji nozzles, rapid at the nearly mouth of pipe
It is turbulent flow to turn to twist so that can form spray in a contracting nozzle, induces vortex and obscission, produces periodically " toll bar
Vortex street " pressure field, edge tones is generated in an abrupt-change cross section sound pipe oral area with cusped edge, and the sound wave reflected through sound pipe is shrinking spray
Mouthful couple with " vortex street ", the phenomenon that generation vortex shedding frequencies are captured by reflection sound wave frequency, the sound wave sound intensity is exaggerated and very
The standing wave of the fast synthesizing stable in sound pipe, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) and standing wave resonance.It was exaggerated before sound wave reaches PZT (piezoelectric transducer)
Frequency of source, can produce more vibrations within the identical time, so that the output electric energy of PZT (piezoelectric transducer) is maximum, carry
For tens to hundreds of milliwatt electrical power.
The positive effect of the present invention is：
The present invention flows through air-flow is produced after pipeline variation characteristic and sound wave and is propagated in cavity, pore and caused using air-flow
A kind of characteristic of structural vibration, there is provided the air-flow cause sound piezo-electric generating forced vibration device of new non-activity part, has
Mechanical automodulation air-flow excites the nonlinear vibration mechanism with piece wise linearity system of fluid dynamic sound source, meets automobile, automatic driving vehicle, weapon
The self-powered demand of application system in the various fields such as application system, space flight and aviation system, robot, city or cell illumination,
The regenerative resource of cleaning is made full use of, with important theory value and Engineering Guidance meaning.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is air current flow schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 blocks 1 structure principle chart for the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structure principle chart of sound pipe of the present invention 4；
Fig. 5 is the structure principle chart of nozzle of the present invention 2；
Fig. 6 is the inflow velocity-sound pipe vibrating bottom bias power frequency curve of constant air pressure.
Fig. 7 is the test curve of inflow velocity and sound pipe vibrating bottom bias power frequency under different sound pipe length；
Fig. 8 is the test curve of inflow velocity and sound pipe vibrating bottom bias power frequency under different spray nozzles-sound pipe spacing H；
Fig. 9 is inflow velocity and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) output single-phase alternating voltage curves；
Figure 10 be inflow velocity be 53m/s when, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) output voltage versus time curve；
Figure 11 is the relation of output voltage virtual value U and load R, is as a result shown, under impedance matching, voltage effective value is steady
It is fixed；
Figure 12, Figure 13 are respectively the relation of power output and conversion efficiency and load；
In figure, 1, block；2nd, nozzle；3rd, shell；4th, sound pipe；5th, PZT (piezoelectric transducer)；6th, outer end cover plate；7th, exhaust outlet；D、
Air inlet；E, cavity；H、；Q1, outer gas stream；Q2, turbulent flow；F, contraction mouth；G, cusped edge.
Specific embodiment
The following examples can make those skilled in the art that the present invention is more fully understood, but limit never in any form
The present invention.
Embodiment 1
According to Fig. 1~Fig. 5, apparatus of the present invention vibration knot mainly by being constituted including air inlet D, nozzle 2, sound pipe 4
Structure, the piezoelectric patches 5 for being fixed on the bottom of sound pipe 4；Wherein, one end of shell 3 forms air inlet D with blocking 1, and the endoporus of nozzle 2 is dimension
More pungent this based structures；Other end order is arranged with sound pipe 4, piezoelectric patches 5, is connected by outer end cover plate 6 and shell 3, and by piezoelectricity
Piece 5 is pressed on the end of sound pipe 4；Cavity E is left between nozzle 2 and sound pipe 4.
As shown in figure 3, described air inlet D is shell 3 and the narrow shape sideshake for blocking 1 formation, it is external screw thread knot to block 1
Structure, two symmetrical planes are milled into structure at 1/2 radius in cylinder basic body.
As shown in figure 5, described nozzle 2 is variable cross-section shrinking air flue, inner flow passage curve is Wei Duoxinsi base curves；Spray
Mouth 2 is coaxial with sound pipe 4, is pressed on shell 3 by blocking 1；The contraction mouth F of nozzle 2 is placed in cavity E, with the front port of sound pipe 4
Apart from H, a sound wave positive feedback system is constituted.
As shown in figure 4, described sound pipe 4 is the abrupt-change cross section collapsible tube with sound wave interface O-O, sound pipe diameter D2 and
D3 and wave length of soundλThe ratio between be less than 0.5, sound pipe length B1 and wave length of soundλThe ratio between be equal to 0.25, pressed by cover plate 6；Sound pipe
4 front ports have interior chamfering to constitute cusped edge G, are directed at the contraction mouth F of nozzle 2；Place piezoelectric patches 5 and constitute inherently in the end of sound pipe 4 outside
Frequency is equal to the PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of frequency of sound wave；Frequency of sound wavefWith the velocity of soundc, sound pipe length B1 meet relational expression：。
Described piezoelectric patches 5 is made up of piezoelectricity PZT ceramics, is placed in the bottom of sound pipe 4, is clamped by cover plate 6, constitutes sound pipe 4
Rigid plane M-M.
Described shell 3 is circumferentially provided with 8 vertical axises or inclined steam vent 7 in cavity E positions, front end with block 1,
Rear end is threadedly coupled with cover plate 6, and interlude coordinates with nozzle 2, the gap of sound pipe 4.
As shown in Fig. 2 outer gas stream Q1 is generally laminar flow, it is turbulent flow Q2 to turn rapidly to twist by air inlet D, by nozzle 2
Contraction mouth F forms spray in cavity E, is met with air static in chamber when spray is by cavity E, because of height on the border of spray
, there is vortex and obscission in speed contact of the stream with quiescent atmosphere, produce " Karman vortex street " pressure field of a cycle change,
Propagated to sound pipe 4 in the form of compressional wave, edge tones is generated in the cusped edge G of the front port of sound pipe 4, sound wave is through the diameter in sound pipe 4
D2 holes, diameter D3 holes will be reflected and transmit when reaching interface O-O, and transmitted wave reaches rigid plane M-M and also reflects, and reflection is reclaimed
The sound wave of necking F and " vortex street " coupling amplification sound intensity, the vortex shedding frequencies of " vortex street " are captured and put by reflection sound wave frequency
Greatly, finally synthesis standing wave frequency is equal to capture frequency, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) and standing wave resonance in sound pipe 4, and amplitude reaches maximum,
Piezoelectric energy-conversion power output is maximum.
Fig. 6 is the inflow velocity-sound pipe vibrating bottom bias power frequency curve of constant air pressure.Result shows that bias power frequency is bright
It is exaggerated aobviously, with the change of inflow velocity, to measure vibration pressure frequency on the M-M faces of sound pipe bottom almost unchanged.
Fig. 7 is the test curve of inflow velocity and vibration pressure frequency on the M-M faces of sound pipe bottom under different sound pipe length B1,
Result shows that sound pipe length B1 is the major parameter for determining vibration pressure frequency, and short tube frequency is bigger.
Fig. 8 is inflow velocity and the test curve of sound pipe vibrating bottom bias power frequency under different spray nozzles-sound pipe spacing H, is tied
Fruit shows that under different spacing H, frequency of sound wave and vibration pressure frequency are almost unchanged.
Fig. 9 is inflow velocity and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) output single-phase alternating voltage curves, is as a result shown, with inflow velocity
Increase the output voltage increase of PZT (piezoelectric transducer).
Figure 10 is PZT (piezoelectric transducer) output voltage versus time curve when inflow velocity is 53m/s, and voltage magnitude is steady
Fixed, peak-to-peak value reaches 7.576kHz in more than 4V, frequency.
Figure 11 is output voltage virtual valueUWith loadRRelation, as a result shows, voltage effective value stabilization under impedance matching.
Figure 12, Figure 13 are respectively power output and conversion efficiency and load relationship, as a result show, output work under impedance matching
Rate is up to more than 80mW, and conversion efficiency is higher than 1.2.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of piezoelectric generator fluid dynamic sound source excitation method, it is characterised in that：
Vibrational structure is made up of air inlet, nozzle, sound pipe, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) is fixed on the bottom of sound pipe；One end of shell with it is stifled
Plug forms air inlet, and nozzle bore is that variable cross-section shrinks air flue；The other end order of shell is arranged with sound pipe, piezoelectric patches, passes through
Outer end cover plate is connected with shell, and piezoelectric patches is pressed on into sound pipe end；Cavity is left between nozzle and sound pipe；
Described air inlet is that the narrow structure of uiform section annular space constitutes narrow shape sideshake, and turning point abuts air inlet；
Described nozzle is Wei Duoxinsiji：The turbulent flow that is evenly distributed of velocity field, nozzle are provided and head piece and form Vortex Shedding to lure
Send out the spray of Fluctuating Pressure Field；
Under described fluid dynamic sound source is the coupling between nozzle, cavity and sound pipe three, the pulsation of Vortex Shedding
Pressure field impacts abrupt-change cross section sound pipe oral area cusped edge, produces edge tones, forms high frequency, small amplitude fluid dynamic sound source, and revolve
Vortex shedding frequency is captured by frequency of sound wave, and the vibration frequency of stabilization is provided for PZT (piezoelectric transducer)；
Sound pipe is shunk by abrupt-change cross section and periphery fixes piezoelectric patches and constitutes air-flow cause sound intensity vibrating mechanism, the sound for inducing vortex
Ripple total reflection superposition, sound pressure amplitudes is synthesized in sound pipe and reaches maximum formation standing wave；Outer gas stream is by air inlet, nozzle
Air-flow is adjusted, and it is turbulent flow that rapid turn is twisted at the nearly air inlet mouth of pipe so that can form spray in a contracting nozzle, induce rotation
Whirlpool and obscission, produce periodically " Karman vortex street " pressure field, and side is generated in an abrupt-change cross section sound pipe oral area with cusped edge
Rib sound, the sound wave reflected through sound pipe is coupled in contracting nozzle with " Karman vortex street ", and vortex shedding frequencies occur by reflected sound wave frequency
The phenomenon that rate is captured, the sound wave sound intensity be exaggerated and quickly in sound pipe synthesizing stable standing wave, standing wave is humorous with PZT (piezoelectric transducer)
Shake；Frequency of source was exaggerated before sound wave reaches PZT (piezoelectric transducer), more vibrations can be produced within the identical time, from
And cause that the output electric energy of PZT (piezoelectric transducer) is maximum, there is provided tens to hundreds of milliwatt electrical power.
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