CN105391345A - Fluid power sound source excitation method of piezoelectric generator - Google Patents
Fluid power sound source excitation method of piezoelectric generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN105391345A CN105391345A CN201511009837.3A CN201511009837A CN105391345A CN 105391345 A CN105391345 A CN 105391345A CN 201511009837 A CN201511009837 A CN 201511009837A CN 105391345 A CN105391345 A CN 105391345A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/185—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators using fluid streams
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Abstract
The invention provides a fluid power sound source excitation method of a piezoelectric generator. By means of change characteristics generated by air flow after the air flow flows through a pipeline and the characteristic that sound waves cause structure vibration when spreading in a cavity and a pipe hole, a novel air flow induced sound piezoelectric power generation forced vibration device free of movable parts is provided. The device is provided with a non-linear vibration mechanical system capable of mechanically and automatically adjusting air flow to excite a fluid power sound source, can meet the requirement of self-power-supply of application systems in various fields such as automobiles, unmanned vehicles, weapon application systems, aerospace and aviation systems, robots and city or community illumination, fully uses clean renewable energy sources and has important theoretical value and engineering mentoring meaning.
Description
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of piezoelectric generator fluid dynamic sound source excitation method, relate to and utilize air-flow to bring out the fluid dynamic sound source of sound wave, the device of excitation PZT (piezoelectric transducer) output electric energy, belong to air-flow piezo-electric generating technical field.
Background technology
Vibration piezoelectric generator key is efficient energy converting between mechanical and high power Acquisition Circuit.No matter various high power Acquisition Circuit is use standard interface circuit, or based on the synchronous circuit of switch, it is theoretical and design is more ripe, and developed various low-loss energy acquisition circuit, structure is substantially identical.The key of electromechanical transducer is high performance piezoelectric material or piezo-electricity composite material, and preparation technology, and this belongs to Material Field.The collection power decision of oscillatory type piezoelectric transducer is in frequency, the quality of electric organ, the electromechanical coupling factor etc. of piezoelectric energy-conversion device of inputted vibration signal, in order to meet output of a generator, magnitude of voltage, how more effectively by naturally exist stream reforming be electric energy, be one of difficult problem of our times.At present, stream pressure directly acts on PZT (piezoelectric transducer) generator, is generally beam type mechanical excitation structure and multi-layer piezoelectric transducer, there is the problems such as size is large, complex structure, conforming product rate are low.
Vibration source, from the vibration piezoelectric generator of environment apoplexy, air-flow, is a kind of clean renewable energy resources.Encourage the electric power system from the natural wind (or air-flow of head-on air generation) in operational environment, its wind speed is low, scope 1 ~ 10m/s, the i.e. gentle breeze of 1 ~ 5 grade and wind, generator all adopts trunnion axis or vertical axis turbines formula rotational structure, directly promotes by wind or air-flow the magneto-electric transducer generating that turbo blade rotates excitation.For the self-contained electric system of general device or system, there is fabricating yard difficulty, bulky, complex structure in turbogenerator, and the movable members such as impeller, turbine intensity is low, noise large, and magnetoelectricity transducing easily causes the problems such as electromagnetic pollution.
Chinese invention patent " a kind of breeze generating set based on the piezoelectric effect " (patent No.: CN201210277507.2, Nanjing Aero-Space University Zhou Chengfeng etc.), disclose a kind of breeze generating set based on piezoelectric effect, the piezoelectricity a period of time comprising base plate and be arranged on base plate and lift-type blower fan, the rotating shaft of lift-type blower fan is connected with toothed cam, piezoelectricity a period of time is distributed on the outside of cam, the tooth top of cam is pinnacle, the number of teeth of cam is N, the number in piezoelectricity a period of time is M, work in the gentle breeze environment of minimum speed per hour 4 kilometers, power output reaches 15mW.This invention adopts the blower fan and cam tooth excitation piezoelectric vibrator that rotate, and system strength is low, and antijamming capability is low, and complex structure, volume are bigger than normal.
United States Patent (USP) " the ForcedvibrationpiezogeneratorandpiezoactuatorSapir " (patent No.: US8040022, Sapir; ItzhakIrvine, CA), disclose a kind of air-flow of one or more cantilever piezoelectric array that uses and cause the piezoelectric generator that shakes, piezoelectric power generation system comprises multiple piezo-electric generator module, each piezoelectric generator module comprises multiple piezoelectric cantilever and fluid pressure regulator, fluid pressure regulator is arranged on each cantilever beam, has flow check piston and steam vent.This invention relies on the piston mechanism of rectilinear motion to regulate air-flow and cantilever piezoelectric array, equally, have that system strength is low, poor anti-interference, complex structure, bulky problem.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of piezoelectric generator fluid dynamic sound source excitation method, produce sound wave after being regulated by outer gas stream, encourage PZT (piezoelectric transducer) to vibrate by this fluid dynamic sound source, realize the conversion of vibration-electric energy, can be made into a kind of air-flow and cause acoustic vibration piezoelectric generator.
A kind of piezoelectric generator fluid dynamic sound source excitation method of the present invention, is characterized in that:
A uiform section annular space air inlet: narrow shape sideshake is provided, have fluidised form turn twist fast, be tending towards evenly fast, rectified action obviously, the air velocity advantages such as recovery capability is strong symmetrically, turning point is near air inlet.
A Wei Duoxinsiji nozzle: provide be evenly distributed fast turbulent flow, nozzle of the development of velocity field in air intake duct to go out head piece and form the spray that Vortex Shedding brings out Fluctuating Pressure Field, the operating efficiency of nozzle can be improved.
A fluid dynamic sound source: under nozzle, coupling between cavity and sound pipe three, the Fluctuating Pressure Field of Vortex Shedding impacts abrupt-change cross section sound pipe oral area cusped edge, produce edge tones, form higher-frequency, little amplitude fluid dynamic sound source, and vortex shedding frequencies capture by frequency of sound wave, for PZT (piezoelectric transducer) provides stable vibration frequency.
An air-flow causes sound intensity vibrating mechanism: abrupt-change cross section contraction sound pipe and periphery fix the forced vibration structure that piezoelectric patches is formed, the sound wave total reflection superposition that vortex is brought out, in sound pipe, synthesize sound pressure amplitudes reach maximum formation standing wave, the sound intensity is exaggerated, and improves the output electric energy of vibration frequency and PZT (piezoelectric transducer).
The present invention develops the piezoelectric generator of fluid dynamic sound source exciting, comprises uiform section annular space air inlet, Wei Duoxinsiji nozzle, abrupt-change cross section sound pipe, periphery fix piezoelectric patches.The air-flow of nozzle-sound pipe exciting causes acoustic excitation process, it is a complicated non-linear process, by " vortex street " Gu, and the stream-sound-coupling of edge tones, cavity-sound pipe structure three formed, be conducive to improving PZT (piezoelectric transducer) conversion efficiency and output of a generator.
Outer gas stream is through uiform section annular space air inlet, the gas flow modulation of Wei Duoxinsiji nozzle, turning rapidly at nearly mouth of pipe place twists as turbulent flow, make can form spray at a contracting nozzle, bring out vortex and obscission, produce periodically " Karman vortex street " pressure field, edge tones is generated at the abrupt-change cross section sound pipe oral area of a band cusped edge, sound wave through sound pipe reflection is coupled with " vortex street " at contracting nozzle, occur vortex shedding frequencies by reflective sound wave frequency the phenomenon of capturing, the sound wave sound intensity is exaggerated and the standing wave of very fast synthesizing stable in sound pipe, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) and standing wave resonance.Before sound wave arrives PZT (piezoelectric transducer), be exaggerated frequency of source, more vibration can be produced within the identical time, thus make the output electric energy of PZT (piezoelectric transducer) maximum, tens to hundreds of milliwatt electrical power is provided.
good effect of the present invention is:
The variation characteristic that after the present invention utilizes air-flow to flow through pipeline, air-flow produces and sound wave are at cavity, the characteristic causing structural vibration is propagated in pore, provide a kind of novel air-flow without movable members and cause sound piezo-electric generating forced vibration device, there is the nonlinear vibration mechanism with piece wise linearity system that mechanical automodulation air-flow excites fluid dynamic sound source, meet automobile, automatic driving vehicle, weapon application system, space flight and aviation system, robot, the self-powered demand of application system in the various fields such as city or community illumination, make full use of clean regenerative resource, there is important theory value and Engineering Guidance meaning.
accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is air current flow schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention blocks 1 structure principle chart;
Fig. 4 is sound pipe 4 structure principle chart of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is nozzle 2 structure principle chart of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the inflow velocity-sound pipe vibrating bottom bias power frequency curve of constant air pressure.
Fig. 7 is the test curve of inflow velocity and sound pipe vibrating bottom bias power frequency under different sound pipe length;
Fig. 8 is the test curve of inflow velocity and sound pipe vibrating bottom bias power frequency under different spray nozzles-sound pipe spacing H;
Fig. 9 is inflow velocity and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) output single-phase alternating voltage curves;
Figure 10 is inflow velocity when being 53m/s, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) output voltage curve over time;
Figure 11 is the relation of output voltage effective value U and load R, and result shows, under impedance matching, voltage effective value is stablized;
Figure 12, Figure 13 are respectively the relation of power output and conversion efficiency and load;
In figure, 1, blocking; 2, nozzle; 3, shell; 4, sound pipe; 5, PZT (piezoelectric transducer); 6, outer end cover plate; 7, exhaust outlet; D, air inlet; E, cavity; H; Q1, outer gas stream; Q2, turbulent flow; F, contraction mouth; G, cusped edge.
Embodiment
the following examples can make the present invention of those skilled in the art comprehend, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
embodiment 1
According to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 5, apparatus of the present invention primarily of the vibrational structure comprising air inlet D, nozzle 2, sound pipe 4 are formed, be fixed on piezoelectric patches 5 bottom sound pipe 4; Wherein, one end of shell 3 forms air inlet D with blocking 1, and nozzle 2 endoporus is Wei Duoxinsi based structures; Other end order is arranged with sound pipe 4, piezoelectric patches 5, is connected, and piezoelectric patches 5 is pressed on sound pipe 4 end by outer end cover plate 6 and shell 3; Cavity E is left between nozzle 2 and sound pipe 4.
As shown in Figure 3, described air inlet D is the narrow shape sideshake that shell 3 is formed with blocking 1, and blocking 1 is external thread structure, and on cylinder element body, 1/2 radius two symmetrical plane is milled into structure.
As shown in Figure 5, described nozzle 2 is variable cross-section contraction air flue, and inner flow passage shape line is Wei Duoxinsi base curves; Nozzle 2 is coaxial with sound pipe 4, is pressed on shell 3 by blocking 1; The contraction mouth F of nozzle 2 is placed in cavity E, with sound pipe 4 front port distance H, forms a sound wave positive feedback system.
As shown in Figure 4, described sound pipe 4 is for having the abrupt-change cross section collapsible tube of sound wave interface O-O, sound pipe diameter D2 and D3 and wave length of sound
λratio be less than 0.5, sound pipe length B1 and wave length of sound
λratio equal 0.25, pressed by cover plate 6; Sound pipe 4 front port has interior chamfering to form cusped edge G, aims at the contraction mouth F of nozzle 2; Place piezoelectric patches 5 outside sound pipe 4 end and form the PZT (piezoelectric transducer) that natural frequency equals frequency of sound wave; Frequency of sound wave
fwith the velocity of sound
c, sound pipe length B1 meets relational expression:
.
Described piezoelectric patches 5 is made up of piezoelectricity PZT pottery, is placed in the bottom of sound pipe 4, is clamped by cover plate 6, forms the rigid plane M-M of sound pipe 4.
Described shell 3 has the steam vent 7 of 8 vertical axises or inclination in cavity E position circumference, and front end is threaded with cover plate 6 with blocking 1, rear end, interlude and nozzle 2, sound pipe 4 matched in clearance.
As shown in Figure 2, outer gas stream Q1 mostly is laminar flow, turning rapidly through air inlet D twists as turbulent flow Q2, in cavity E, spray is formed through the contraction mouth F of nozzle 2, spray is met by air static in during cavity E and chamber, because of the contact of high velocity stream and quiescent atmosphere on the border of spray, there is vortex and obscission, produce " Karman vortex street " pressure field of one-period change, propagate to sound pipe 4 with the form of compressional wave, edge tones is generated at the cusped edge G of sound pipe 4 front port, the diameter D2 hole of sound wave in sound pipe 4, to reflect and transmission when diameter D3 hole arrives interface O-O, transmitted wave arrives rigid plane M-M and also reflects, be reflected back the sound wave of contraction mouth F and " vortex street " coupling amplification sound intensity, the vortex shedding frequencies of " vortex street " capture by reflective sound wave frequency and amplify, final standing wave frequency of synthesizing in sound pipe 4 equals capture frequency, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) and standing wave resonance, amplitude reaches maximum, piezoelectric energy-conversion power output is maximum.
Fig. 6 is the inflow velocity-sound pipe vibrating bottom bias power frequency curve of constant air pressure.Result shows, bias power frequency is exaggerated significantly, and it is almost constant that change along with inflow velocity to record bottom sound pipe vibration pressure frequency on M-M face.
Fig. 7 is the test curve of vibration pressure frequency on M-M face bottom inflow velocity and sound pipe under different sound pipe length B1, and result shows, sound pipe length B1 is the major parameter determining vibration pressure frequency, and short tube frequency is larger.
Fig. 8 is the test curve of inflow velocity and sound pipe vibrating bottom bias power frequency under different spray nozzles-sound pipe spacing H, and result shows, under different spacing H, frequency of sound wave and vibration pressure frequency almost constant.
Fig. 9 is inflow velocity and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) output single-phase alternating voltage curves, and result shows, along with the output voltage of the increase PZT (piezoelectric transducer) of inflow velocity increases.
Figure 10 is inflow velocity PZT (piezoelectric transducer) output voltage curve over time when being 53m/s, voltage magnitude is stablized, and peak-to-peak value is at more than 4V, and frequency reaches 7.576kHz.
Figure 11 is output voltage effective value
uwith load
rrelation, result shows, under impedance matching, voltage effective value is stablized.
Figure 12, Figure 13 are respectively power output and conversion efficiency and load relationship, and result shows, under impedance matching, power output is up to more than 80mW, and conversion efficiency is higher than 1.2.
Claims (6)
1. a piezoelectric generator fluid dynamic sound source excitation method, is characterized in that:
A uiform section annular space air inlet: narrow shape sideshake is provided, have fluidised form turn twist fast, be tending towards evenly fast, rectified action obviously, the air velocity advantages such as recovery capability is strong symmetrically, turning point is near air inlet;
A Wei Duoxinsiji nozzle: provide be evenly distributed fast turbulent flow, nozzle of the development of velocity field in air intake duct to go out head piece and form the spray that Vortex Shedding brings out Fluctuating Pressure Field, the operating efficiency of nozzle can be improved;
A fluid dynamic sound source: under nozzle, coupling between cavity and sound pipe three, the Fluctuating Pressure Field of Vortex Shedding impacts abrupt-change cross section sound pipe oral area cusped edge, produce edge tones, form higher-frequency, little amplitude fluid dynamic sound source, and vortex shedding frequencies capture by frequency of sound wave, for PZT (piezoelectric transducer) provides stable vibration frequency;
An air-flow causes sound intensity vibrating mechanism: abrupt-change cross section contraction sound pipe and periphery fix the forced vibration structure that piezoelectric patches is formed, the sound wave total reflection superposition that vortex is brought out, in sound pipe, synthesize sound pressure amplitudes reach maximum formation standing wave, amplify the sound intensity, improve the output electric energy of vibration frequency and PZT (piezoelectric transducer);
Outer gas stream is through uiform section annular space air inlet, the gas flow modulation of Wei Duoxinsiji nozzle, turning rapidly at nearly mouth of pipe place twists as turbulent flow, make can form spray at a contracting nozzle, bring out vortex and obscission, produce periodically " Karman vortex street " pressure field, edge tones is generated at the abrupt-change cross section sound pipe oral area of a band cusped edge, sound wave through sound pipe reflection is coupled with " vortex street " at contracting nozzle, occur vortex shedding frequencies by reflective sound wave frequency the phenomenon of capturing, the sound wave sound intensity is exaggerated and the standing wave of very fast synthesizing stable in sound pipe, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) and standing wave resonance, before sound wave arrives PZT (piezoelectric transducer), be exaggerated frequency of source, more vibration can be produced within the identical time, thus make the output electric energy of PZT (piezoelectric transducer) maximum, tens to hundreds of milliwatt electrical power is provided.
2. a piezoelectric generator for fluid dynamic sound source exciting, comprises air inlet, vibrational structure that nozzle, sound pipe are formed, is fixed on PZT (piezoelectric transducer) bottom sound pipe; Wherein, one end of shell forms air inlet with blocking, and nozzle bore is that variable cross-section shrinks air flue; Other end order is arranged with sound pipe, piezoelectric patches, is connected, and piezoelectric patches is pressed on sound pipe end by outer end cover plate and shell; Cavity is left between nozzle and sound pipe.
3. a kind of air-flow according to claim 2 causes sound piezo-electric generating forced vibration device, it is characterized in that:
Described blocking is oblate column structure, inlays the narrow shape sideshake formed in the enclosure and forms air inlet; Described nozzle bore runner shape line is Wei Duoxinsi base curves.
4. a kind of air-flow according to claim 2 causes sound piezo-electric generating forced vibration device, it is characterized in that:
Nozzle is coaxial with sound pipe, is pressed on shell by blocking; The contraction mouth of nozzle is placed in cavity, keeps certain distance with sound pipe front port, forms a sound wave positive feedback system.
5. a kind of air-flow according to claim 2 causes sound piezo-electric generating forced vibration device, it is characterized in that:
Described sound pipe front port has interior chamfering to form cusped edge, aims at the contraction mouth of nozzle; Place piezoelectric patches outside sound pipe end and form the PZT (piezoelectric transducer) that natural frequency equals frequency of sound wave.
6. a kind of air-flow according to claim 2 causes sound piezo-electric generating forced vibration device, it is characterized in that:
Described shell has the steam vent of several vertical axis or inclination in empty cavity position circumference, and front end is threaded with cover plate with blocking, rear end, interlude and nozzle, sound pipe matched in clearance.
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