CN105388140A - Measuring instrument for site invisible fingerprint display and contained substance thereof - Google Patents
Measuring instrument for site invisible fingerprint display and contained substance thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105388140A CN105388140A CN201510868921.4A CN201510868921A CN105388140A CN 105388140 A CN105388140 A CN 105388140A CN 201510868921 A CN201510868921 A CN 201510868921A CN 105388140 A CN105388140 A CN 105388140A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring instrument for site invisible fingerprint display and contained substance thereof, which comprises a near deep ultraviolet laser emitter, a laser spot reshaper, a laser beam expanding collimator, a first beam splitter, a zooming or non-zooming object lens, a second beam splitter, a third beam splitter, a relay optical system, a spot conversion line optical system, a spectrum forming system, an optical or mechanical sample scanning system, a target positioning system, a data processing and wireless transceiving system and an additional ultraviolet lamp and a camera which are connected in sequence. After invisible fingerprint shooting and raman, fluorescence and laser three-channel real-time point to point fusing, a whole sample is scanned and is subjected to GPS (global position system) positioning, and data processing of spectrum separating, wave peak seeking, spectrum library establishing, substance recognizing and the like are performed, wireless data are transmitted to the Public Security Bureau and are compared with a database, then a case can be quickly solved, who is he/she can be known from the fingerprint, and what crime does he/she committed is known from the substance contacted by the fingers. The measuring instrument is portable, high in sensitivity, far in detection distance and high in resolution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the nearly deep ultraviolet Raman spectrometer of the on-the-spot stealthy fingerprint display of indoor and outdoor and internal substance mensuration thereof.
Background technology
The method of current collection fingerprint is spray multi-purpose adhesive or other catalyzer is taken pictures or upper gypsum copies to lab analysis, and formality is complicated, and speed is very slow, and can destroy fingerprint due to foreign matter covering; If finger mark is in the wild, stealthy fingerprint especially in the sun, scene is taken pictures very difficult; Therefore also useful UV-irradiation is taken pictures in recent years, because mostly sponged by ozonosphere at ultraviolet sunshine, intensity is very weak; But uviol lamp wavelength used can not be very short, wave band can not be very narrow, and therefore sunlight interference still exists, and contrast is still not high enough.In addition, no matter be which kind of method all can only see image, the material that finger contact is crossed cannot be measured. also someone wants to survey fingerprint with surface enhanced near infrared or visible ray Raman spectrometer, but first fingerprint to be transferred to the surface enhanced chip that Nano metal powder does could survey, this is a very difficult job, often cannot realize stealthy fingerprint, save enable transfer fingerprint and be also more or less destroyed, suspect can refuse as the acceptable evidence of crime of court; In addition, the use that near infrared or visible ray Raman cannot not shield at outdoor scene because of serious sunlight and ambient light interference at all, fingerprint must be adopted to laboratory could measure.Therefore, a kind of instrument is badly in need of in criminal investigation and judicial department, it wants to know whom he/her is at the on-the-spot discontiguous stealthy fingerprint of taking not adding any reinforcing agent or catalyzer of indoor and outdoor, correctly fast can measure the material (explosive, drugs, blood component etc.) that finger contact crosses and know what crime he/her commits excesses again, and the wireless public security bureau that passes in place that image and data and GPS are determined can be solved a case fast, but this instrument does not also exist at present in the world; This difficult problem just that the present invention will solve, method used to make the nearly deep ultraviolet image Raman spectrometer of quick nondestructive measurement in the sun.
Raman spectrum (Ramanspectra) is a kind of scattering spectrum.Nineteen twenty-eight, C.V.Raman (Raman) finds when testing, and when light passes transparent medium by the light of molecular scattering because acquisition or off-energy can change by occurrence frequency, this phenomenon is referred to as Raman scattering.In the scattering spectrum of transparent medium, frequency and incident light frequency υ
0identical composition is called Rayleigh scattering; Frequency is symmetrically distributed in υ
0the spectral line of both sides or bands of a spectrum υ
0± υ
1be called Raman scattering or Raman spectrum, wherein υ
0-υ
1scattering stokes scattering, easily there is ， Subcommittee-to and study carefully more; υ
0+ υ
1scattering anti Stokes scattering, not easily there is ， Subcommittee-to and study carefully less.Any material is by atom and molecular composition, they are ceaselessly vibrating and are rotating, Raman spectrum analysis method can be used to vibration and the rotation spectrum of detecting material molecule, and the vibration of molecule and rotation spectrum are unique, be equivalent to the fingerprint of material, therefore the composition of different material can be differentiated accurately by the analysis of Raman spectrum, much more accurate than general wide spectrum optical spectrometer; And the position of Raman spectrum does not change with optical maser wavelength and environmental change, has uniqueness; Its range of application, throughout nearly all fields such as material, chemistry, physics, biology and medical science, has very large value for qualitative analysis, quantitative test and mensuration molecular structure.But Raman spectrum is not that its sensitivity of absorption spectrum is not high owing to being scattering spectrum, if the scattering cross-section of measured matter is 10
-27(cm
2/ melecule.srd) often detect below less than, therefore existing near infrared and visible ray Raman spectrometer can only detect the material of the observable milligram level of eyes, then cannot detect for the invisible micro substance of eyes.For visible ray and near infrared Raman, owing to fluorescence can not be separated, be interfered, make signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) very low; And visible ray, near-infrared laser can damage retina through eyeball, the not ideal chose of Raman spectrometer probe source.In addition, if the interference by field (sunshine etc.) or indoor environment light (light etc.) can not use.Even if want to use, also object sampling must be placed on shading and observe in cavity or object is covered on to observe in cavity and could measure, adjust the distance comparatively far or cannot just cannot measure the object of shading.In addition, current Raman spectrometer is owing to using the longer near infrared of wavelength or visible light lasers, be difficult to excite Raman, therefore the confocal system of microscopic structure is mostly adopted, can only be thrown light on the object of several microns, detect the distance of several millimeters, detect whole target and must do long-time scanning with microscope, volume greatly costly; Because existing Raman spectrometer does not generally have imaging system, also cannot observe and record the target that will detect.So there is one or more following shortcomings in existing near infrared and visible ray Raman spectrometer:
(1) sensitivity is too low, can only detect the material of milligram level;
(2) Raman goes to increase substantially sensitivity without resonance effects;
(3) Raman and fluorescence overlap, and spectrum is inseparable, serious interference;
(4) fluorescence channel that non sensitivity is higher can utilize;
(5) without imaging band, system calibration difficulty, and target is difficult to observe and location;
(6) detection range is too near, measures under object cannot being placed directly in microscope;
(7) sensing point is too little, go for a long time to scan whole target;
(8) could measure after needing that target is done artificial sample, scene not contact analysis cannot be made;
(9) easily by sunlight and ambient light interference, not shield EMC measurement cannot be made;
(10) near infrared and visible laser easily damage the retina of operating personnel.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, object of the present invention will provide a kind of on-the-spot stealthy fingerprint display and internal substance measuring instrument thereof exactly.The optical maser wavelength that described measuring instrument uses is 200-270nm, and we cry it for nearly dark purple outskirt, and there is no sunshine in this region, is day-old chick, because sunshine has all been sponged by ozonosphere; In addition, pre-resonance effects is had at this wave band Raman, Raman signal can be made to improve several order of magnitude, compared with the Raman that the Raman that the 213nm laser of 30mw is produced and the 785nm laser of 300mw produce, because the advantage signals such as shortwave, resonance, unstressed configuration interference at least can increase by 10,000 times.
A kind of on-the-spot stealthy fingerprint display and internal substance measuring instrument thereof, comprise the nearly deep ultraviolet laser transmitter, laser spot shaper, laser bundle-enlarging collimation device, two-dimensional scan catoptron, the first beam splitter, the zoom that are connected in turn or varifocus objective, the second beam splitter, the 3rd beam splitter, relay optical system, point do not turn line optics system, become spectra system, specimen scanning system, data handling system, GPS location and data wireless receive-transmit system, and comprise additional ultraviolet irradiation lamp and camera further; The center section 1-10% region of the quartz glass substrate of the first described beam splitter is coated with the highly reflecting films of laser, but the saturating Raman of this film and fluorescence, and all the other 90-99% regions are coated with the anti-reflection film (therefore making the first beam splitter both backward-reflected laser laser thoroughly) of laser, Raman, fluorescence; The described saturating Raman of the second beam splitter backward-reflected laser and fluorescence; The described graceful fluorescence of the 3rd beam splitter reverse drawing; So just can laser, Raman, fluorescence three passages separately; Described relay optical system, the photoimaging from the lighting point reflection in target, scattering and generation to fibre bundle head; Described point turns line optics system, and the some picture that relay optical system is become or line picture convert the shape of slit to; Described one-tenth spectra system comprises and uses grating and ultraviolet intensified CCD and Tunable filters and two kinds, photomultiplier (or snowslide pipe); Described two-dimensional scan catoptron and ultraviolet irradiation lamp adjustable position angle and the angle of pitch obtain stealthy fingerprint resemble to slant angle; Described specimen scanning system comprises 2-D optical scanning or mechanical scanning gets spectrum to whole sample pointwise; Described data handling system is by Raman, fluorescence, the point-to-point real time fusion of laser triple channel, and do spectrum display, spectral separation, crest location, the foundation of spectrum storehouse, Object Classification process, then by GPS location and data wireless receive-transmit system, database data wireless being sent to public security bureau compares.
The wavelength of described ultraviolet irradiation lamp is 200-380nm, it can adjust angle setting sun fingerprint makes background light fall from Specular reflection, but make the laser channeling imaging of rough fingerprint reflected light and the described camera of fluorescence excited or Raman spectrometer, improve contrast.
Described two-dimensional scan catoptron is the galvanometer of X and Y-direction, adjustable angle does not cast oblique rays on fingerprint by object lens to be made laser background fall from Specular reflection but makes rough fingerprint reflected light and fluorescence by the laser channeling imaging of object lens at Raman spectrometer, improves contrast; And two-dimensional scan pointwise is done to sample get spectrum.
Described nearly deep ultraviolet laser wavelength is 200-270nm, and described Raman light and fluorescence bands depend on laser instrument used and the requirement of system, with not overlapped for principle.
Described relay optical system, making spot size and slit match from the lighting point reflection in target, scattering, the image formation by rays that excites to fibre bundle head, makes F number and spectrometer match.
Described point turns line optics system and comprises and a little turn line fibre bundle or virtual slit, described point turn line fibre bundle by multifiber form circle a luminous point become shape of slit, circle luminous point is cut into the light (because not having mechanical slot, so be virtual slit) that several pieces are combined into long and narrow shape of slit again after shaping by described virtual slit.
Described one-tenth spectra system adopts grating or prism to do dispersion, goes out spectrum or not only gone out to compose but also imaging with face battle array ultraviolet intensified CCD; Or adopt Tunable filters to do dispersion, go out spectrum with single or multiple photodiode PD, photomultiplier PMT or snowslide pipe APD, or adopt ultraviolet Enhanced Imaging CCD and ICCD or area array CCD not only to go out to compose but also imaging; Described Tunable filters adopts the narrow band pass filter of rotational angle, acousto-optic tunable filter or liquid crystal tunable optical filter.
Described measuring instrument makes Raman and fluorescence channel share a spectrometer.
Described fluorescence cutoff wavelength exceeds 100-200 nanometer than the Raman light cutoff wavelength of expection.
The nearly deep ultraviolet Raman spectrometer of described portable triple channel, therefore the Ultra-Violet Laser used can not penetrate eyeball can not damage retina, comparatively safe to eyes; Instrument is portable, can measure at the discontiguous quick nondestructive of doing of indoor and outdoor.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: individual carries, highly sensitive, lighting point is large, detection range is far away, and resolution is high, both can take stealthy fingerprint in the sun in scene, can measure and identify that again the material that finger contact is crossed is accomplished to solve a case fast fast, utilize Raman, fluorescence, the point-to-point real time fusion of laser triple channel, also in the sun not contact measurement can not shielded to other liquid, solid, gas, and eyes are comparatively safe.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The index path of a kind of laser with uviol lamp and camera that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention 1, Raman, the point-to-point real time fusion system of fluorescence triple channel, uses slit, grating and ultraviolet to strengthen linear array or area array CCD gets spectrum;
Fig. 2 illustrates and can thoroughly separate at nearly dark purple outskirt Raman and fluorescence, does not interfere with each other;
Fig. 3 is laser waist spot imaging schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is laser spot dimensional drawing;
Fig. 5 is that the point used in the embodiment of the present invention turns line fibre bundle schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is that the point used in the embodiment of the present invention turns the virtual slit principles figure of line;
Fig. 7 a is the Raman picture point of oval laser lighting point; Fig. 7 b is the fibre bundle picture a little turning line;
Fig. 8 is the optical transmittance of low x Microscope Objective and the relation of wavelength that use in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the ray tracing result from laser to focal length microcobjective;
The index path of a kind of Raman with uviol lamp and camera that Figure 10 provides for the embodiment of the present invention 2, fluorescence, the point-to-point real time fusion system of visible ray triple channel, does not use grating beam splitting and ultraviolet intensified CCD at this but uses Tunable filters do dispersion and use single or multiple PD, PMT or APD to get spectrum;
Figure 11 a be the embodiment of the present invention in the sun shooting stay the stealthy fingerprint of thumb on aluminium pot;
Figure 11 b is the material in the thumb that records in the sun of embodiment of the present invention Raman spectrometer used.
Embodiment
Principle
The intensity of Raman signal is determined by following formula:
I＝CNI
0σΩSF(T)(1)
In formula, I is Raman light intensity, and C is constant, and N is molecular number density, I
0it is incident intensity, σ is that effective raman scattering cross section amasss, Ω is the Raman scattering solid angle that receiving aperture is collected, and S is the effective irradiated area of laser that receiving aperture is corresponding, and F (T) characterizes the function of temperature on the impact of observation thing, laser and receiving system.For fixing laser power and measured matter, utilizable parameter generally only has σ, Ω and S tri-.
σ is that effective raman scattering cross section amasss, and only relevant with laser frequency to predetermined substance, the relation of σ and incident laser frequency is determined by following formula:
In formula, σ
mn(υ
0) for certain molecule is when energy level is from m to the redirect of n state, be υ to incident frequencies
0laser effective raman scattering cross section amass, υ
mnit is the Raman frequency shift of this molecule.This formula is pointed out, raman scattering cross section amasss σ
mn(υ
0) and laser frequency υ
04 powers be directly proportional or and wavelength X
04 powers be inversely proportional to, therefore optical maser wavelength is shorter, and Raman scattering is stronger.
As incident light frequency υ
0close to the resonant frequency υ that molecular entergy level is beated
etime, υ
e 2-υ
0 2trend zero, Raman scattering can sharply increase resonates, and reaches 10
6, we do the result of testing with 229nm laser and show, the raman scattering cross section of most material is long-pending can increase by 1, more than 000 times. because υ
every high, this only could occur in ultraviolet region, all can not occur near infrared and visible region.In addition, as shown in Figure 2, also only near ultraviolet band, Raman can thoroughly separate with fluorescence, not interfereing with each other. we do the result of testing with 266nm laser and show, if Raman is at 268-302nm, fluorescence mainly after 350nm, though have overlap in 302-350nm region and not serious, for the purpose of pure, if we can not get spectrum using it as isolated area. use 213nm laser, Raman can thoroughly separate with fluorescence, can not establish isolated area.
Ω is the Raman scattering solid angle that receiving aperture is collected, and it is made up of two parts, and as increased Ω, one is that the acceptance angle of object lens wants large, and the Raman that target is produced is as much as possible to be collected; Two is that the acceptance angle of spectrometer wants large, and Raman light as much as possible is delivered to detector.The acceptance angle increasing object lens can use high-power microscope head, but distance generally can shorten, and directly cannot measure object, therefore must select low x Microscope Objective in portable or use the object lens of zoom or not zoom without microcobjective, the acceptance angle increasing spectrometer can drop to 1.3 F number from 4 with body entirety breath grating, but be difficult to make qualified body entirety breath grating at nearly deep ultraviolet about 213nm owing to lacking optical material, it is left that what can do is how to allow the large and Raman luminous point of circle through long and narrow slit to reduce loss of being in the light, the present invention adopts two kinds of solutions: one is that fibre bundle that point that use tens optical fiber are made turns line makes large and Raman luminous point that is circle mates completely with long and narrow slit, two is use virtual slit that large and round luminous point is cut into the light that several pieces are combined into long and narrow similar slit again, so just slit can not wanted, so be virtual slit.Although fibre bundle uses easily but the loss of light is more than virtual slit, but the optical texture more complicated of virtual slit and not easily installing at spectrometer input, also there is shortcoming.S is the effective irradiated area of laser that receiving aperture is corresponding, strengthen irradiated area but still can excite Raman, direct way be increase laser power and use short wavelength laser, but when laser select after in fact S also cannot change.
Although once made the detection of Raman spectrometer for catalyzer with 177.3nm laser the Li Can academician etc. of the Dalian Chemistry and Physics Institute of the dark purple outskirt Chinese Academy of Sciences of below 200nm, but connect with three grades of monochromators, system is expensive greatly, and can only use in a vacuum, therefore cannot do the on-the-spot indoor and outdoor do not sampled and detect.US Patent No. 7,933, the laser that 013B2 " DetectionofmaterialsbasedonRamanscatteringandlaser-induc edfluorescencebydeepUVexcitation " uses wavelength to be 222nm, 224nm, 226nm, 248nm excites Raman to nitro class explosive, the NO that the optics that simultaneously utilizes laser to introduce is pulverized and optical resolution effect produces goes to produce fluorescence when excited state gets back to ground state, and this fluorescence spectrum is discrete and narrower therefore easilier than the natural fluorescence of laser generation detects explosive.They use same principle to be gone to obtain discrete fluorescence Spectra to the OH that per-compound explosive produces by 209nm, 262nm, 282nm, 315nm laser.When getting Raman spectrum and fluorescence Spectra, they make to enter respective spectrometer with the different time before and after Raman and fluorescence with a kind of mechanism go to get spectrum respectively without beam splitters, not only system complex, if laser is to targeted scans, the Raman spectrum that different time obtains and fluorescence Spectra may from the different materials of different scanning point, cannot real time fusion, even cannot differentiate material.In fact laser produce natural fluorescence and NO or OH fluorescence mix, the former can flood the latter, a kind of way reduces laser power, the laser energy of the pulverizing of predisposition luminescence and optical resolution is less demanding, above-mentioned lower powered laser can be competent at, the fluorescence of such NO or OH perhaps can exceed natural fluorescence, but with these low power laser deexcitation Ramans, hardly may when distance is some time.Therefore in fact patent US7,933,013B2 cannot obtain Raman separately and fluorescence spectrum simultaneously.In addition, this patent does not have fibre bundle or virtual slit to remove to increase the capacity gauge of Raman light, also do not have laser or visual light imaging passage to go observation test point and whole target, function is restricted, such as, while seeing stealthy fingerprint, the material in fingerprint also cannot be measured.
U.S. Patent application US2012/0145925A1 " Photofragmentation-laser-inducedfluorescencefordetection ofnitricoxide-bearingexplosives " also goes the fluorescence obtaining optics pulverizing generation to remove detection nitro class explosive with the nearly deep ultraviolet laser of 226nm or 236nm, but be not therefore Raman spectrometer be not more emerging system with optical filter Raman gear jail, we do not discuss in detail.
United States Patent (USP) 7869031 " LatentprintsdetectionusingRamanimaging " proposes to survey fingerprint with surface enhanced near infrared or visible ray Raman spectrometer, but first fingerprint to be transferred to nano metal Jin, Silver, surface enhanced chip that copper powder does could survey, this is a very difficult job, often cannot realize stealthy fingerprint, save enable transfer, fingerprint has also more or less been destroyed, and suspect can refuse as the acceptable evidence of crime of court, surface enhanced chip is very expensive and unstable, the surface-enhanced Raman produced is without repeatability. in addition, near infrared or visible ray Raman are because of serious sunlight, surround lighting and fluorescence interference at all cannot at outdoor onsite application, although fingerprint must be adopted to laboratory could measure. they propose the idea that Raman is combined with fingerprint and do not propose the concrete system architecture measuring the Raman spectrum of the material in fingerprint while taking pictures to fingerprint and embodiment, just list the Raman collection of illustrative plates done in some laboratories, also mainly say in claim and how fingerprint is transferred on surface enhanced chip, do not talk about the design of Raman light spectrometer.Due to do not resemble to have in same laser channeling the present invention can reflects laser again can through the beam splitter of laser, therefore cannot obtain fingerprint to resemble and dactylogram simultaneously, certainly the fluorescent image also not utilizing fingerprint to produce and fluorescence Spectra, namely the laser not having the present invention such, Raman and the point-to-point emerging system of fluorescence triple channel, even also do not slant the system of taking pictures with uviol lamp.
The invention provides two kinds of embodiments, the first uses and only accounts for 1%-10% region at first piece of beam splitter center and be coated with the design that other 10%-99% region of laser highly reflecting films is not coated with laser reflective film and make swashing from target reflection
Light, Raman and fluorescence enter relay optical system by the first beam splitter, then by second piece and the 3rd piece of beam splitter, laser, Raman and fluorescence triple channel are separately merged again.Laser imaging passage can provide the exact position of optical axis and laser scanning point and focus on Qing Condition, is easy to system dress school and measurement, also can expand the illumination fingerprint stealthy fingerprint obtained under sunlight and resemble (be do not measure stealthy Zhi Pattern with visible ray); And Raman can provide high resolving power spectrogram, fluorescence can provide high sensitivity spectrogram, they are learnt from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, complement each other, material in image can be measured, micro-explosive, drugs, blood etc. that such as finger contact is crossed, so both can target image (such as knowing that who is he from stealthy fingerprint), also discontiguous (1-2 second in) fast can measure material (thing such as crossed from finger contact knows what crime he commits excesses) in image.Can certainly to take pictures to fingerprint with uviol lamp and then go out spectrum with Raman and fluorescence channel. the second embodiment is the same with the first in the forward part of spectrometer, do not use grating to make dispersion element and ultraviolet unlike us to strengthen area array CCD and get spectrum, but use liquid crystal or acousto-optic tunable filter to do dispersion and get spectrum with highly sensitive single or multiple ultraviolet enhancing photomultiplier PMT or snowslide pipe APD as detector, like this, owing to there is no slit, as long as Raman signal is enough strong, sampled point is not just limited, can be very large; If make detector with ICCD, just can not only imaging but also go out spectrum, obtain EO-1 hyperion, this is to not only imaging but also to go out spectrum very favourable during detection fingerprint.
Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, be only used for explaining the present invention in this illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation, not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, it is 231nm that Laser emission goes out wavelength, 266nm or other nearly deep UV (ultraviolet light) 10, hot spot is oval, the angle of divergence is also asymmetric in Chang Duan Shaft direction, so be that the hot spot of 1 millimeter or several millimeters is (if only use a cylindrical mirror shaping with the cylindrical mirror 20 of two pieces of different focal circular for laser shaping such as diameter, light beam first can be assembled and disperse afterwards, therefore with second cylindrical mirror, its collimation is returned), it reflexes to convergent mirror 50 by the vibration mirror reflected mirror group 40 of X and Y-direction after beam-expanding collimation mirror 30, luminous point is converged to adjustable pinhole 60, be mapped to squelch beam-splitter after being collimated by lens 70 again and (be also dichroic mirror or beam splitting chip BS
1) 80 diameter be the central part 75 of 1 millimeter or several millimeters, this region scribbles the highly reflecting films of backward-reflected laser, it is that the laser reflection of 1 millimeter or several millimeters goes to throw light on stealthy fingerprint (target) if 100. 90 are zoom lens and regulate the size of pin hole 60 to low power (the such as 5 times) microcobjective (or zoom or not zoom lens) 90 of certain diameter (such as 10mm) diameter, pin-hole imaging can be got on to change the size of the Distance geometry field of illumination of detection at fingerprint, this brings convenience laser fingerprint imaging passage. after fingerprint is taken pictures, pin hole is reduced, regulate zoom lens that Laser Focusing is a bit got spectrum by Raman and fluorescence channel on fingerprint.
Because of the directional light of to be the angle of divergence be 2 θ that incide microcobjective, if laser is regarded as Gaussian beam, the waist spot size focused on and former laser emitting spot size have nothing to do, only relevant with the angle of divergence, if the focal length of microcobjective is f, then the size of focus point is 2f θ, and principle is as follows: be still Gaussian beam after Gaussian Beam lens transmission, just change beam waist position and waist radius.As Fig. 3 shows, the waist radius of input Gaussian beam is ω
0, the distance of distance lens is l, and the focal length of lens is f, utilizes Gaussian beam transmissive, can calculate and export waist radius ω '
0with distance l ', they meet following formula respectively:
l＝f+[(1-f)f
2]/[(1-f)
2+(Πω
0 2/λ)
2](3)
ω
0 ’2＝ω
0 2/[(1-1/f)
2+(Πω
0 2/λ)
2/f
2](4)
According to above-mentioned formula, we can find if input the front focal plane place being positioned at lens with a tight waist of Gaussian beam, and namely during l=f, export the back focal plane place being then positioned at lens with a tight waist of Gaussian beam, waist radius is now
ω
0’＝λf/Πω
0(5)
Meet because half angle of divergence inputting Gaussian beam is approximate
θ＝λ/Πω
0(6)
Clearly, for the Gaussian beam being positioned at lens front focal plane place with a tight waist, its spot diameter at lens focal plane place meets
d＝2fθ(7)
That is, in light path simulation, Gaussian beam can be similar to the light thinking infinite distance, but there is certain emission angle, concrete visible Fig. 4, the beam waist position now inputting Gaussian beam is equivalent to the entrance pupil of optical system, and the corresponding field angle of the angle of divergence, minimum light spot is positioned on lens focal plane, and size meets above-mentioned formula.Laser output beam is Gaussian beam, and the propagation of Gaussian Beam lens is different from plane wave.
As can be seen from the above analysis, beam-expanding collimation mirror can reduce the angle of divergence of laser instrument and cause Guang Ban Minus little, and this system requiring irradiated area larger for us is not necessarily favourable, and therefore we can use or without beam-expanding collimation mirror, be determined on a case-by-case basis.
From the laser of target reflection, scattering and generation, Raman light and fluorescence when encountering the squelch beam-splitter 80 be made up of fused quartz, though its center be 1 millimeter or several millimeters region 75 reflects laser but because be beam splitting chip its can by Raman light and fluorescence, if other region scribble anti-reflection film can allow laser, Raman and fluorescence all by. film district, center is 1 millimeter, laser light beam splitting chip BS
1region up to (π 5
2-π 0.5
2)/π 5
2=24.75/25=99%, close to full impregnated, this can backward-reflected laser can the design of laser thoroughly be original creation of the present invention again.Through beam splitting chip BS
1the laser of 80, Raman and the second block length that fluorescence is encountering backward-reflected laser lead to beam splitting chip BS
2after 140, it instead becomes lasing image by relay lens 160 to narrow band pass filter 150 laser in CCD camera 170, to see the illuminated laser spot in target and optical axis; If regulate the size of pin hole 60 to use zoom lens 90 laser diffusion to be gone illumination whole (or a part of) target 100, then laser channeling by relay lens 160 pairs of target imagings to 170, such as show stealthy fingerprint, CCD focal plane and objective plane are object-image relations in the design, are not focus relations.Because the stealthy fingerprint of laser oblique illumination can reflect away the rough texture image of the fingerprint obtaining high-contrast laser from minute surface direction, we can first allow the laser expanded go to cast oblique rays on whole fingerprint without pin hole angle suitable for catoptron 40 turns, the light reflected from fingerprint is collected in imaging on laser channeling 170 by object lens. catoptron can not certainly be rotated and separately cast oblique rays on (adjustment position angle and the angle of pitch) fingerprint 100 with a uviol lamp 110 by narrow band pass filter 120, to be taken pictures by subsidiary camera 130 or by laser channeling 170 imaging. take according to after, catoptron 40 is gone back to the origin-location illuminated with laser light fingerprint focusing on target from pin hole, reflection, the laser of scattering and generation, when Raman light and fluorescence arrive the second beam splitter 140 by the first beam splitting 80, laser is reflected, through Raman light and fluorescence meeting the 3rd piece of beam splitter BS
3when 180, Raman light is reflected to narrow band pass filter 190 and is focused on the Raman spectrum a little turning half (or first) narrow Sew that line fibre bundle 210 links spectrometer 220 such as, on the ultraviolet intensified CCD of half (or a part, 1024x128 the picture dot of 1024x256 face Array) print by relay lens 200, through the 3rd piece of beam splitter BS
3the fluorescence of 180 is mapped to narrow band pass filter 230 and is focused on by relay lens 240 and a little turn line fibre bundle 250 and the fluorescence Spectra of another half (or second) the narrow Sew linking spectrometer 220 such as, on the ultraviolet intensified CCD of second half (or a part, 1024x128 the picture dot of 1024x256 face Array) print.The method for designing of this uniqueness can make Raman and fluorescence channel share a spectrometer, greatly saves cost.
If slit width is 0.05mm, Raman luminous point is generally large than it, and as shown in Figure 5, the fibre bundle that our available point turns line mates with slit; We also can become circle luminous point into line with virtual slit, as shown in Figure 6.Inventor detects the long-range near deep ultraviolet Raman spectrometer of explosive under have developed 50 meters of outer sunlight, as shown in Figure 7a, large ellipses at 50 meters of laser projected outward on explosive, object lens assemble after spot size be about 0.55mmx1.3mm=0.7mm
2.We become oval spot into a 0.1mmx7mm=0.7mm with the fibre bundle that the optical fiber that 70 diameters are 0.1mm is formed
2the light (see Fig. 7 b) mated with slit, be just that the CCD focus planardetector of the 1024x512 of 13.5 microns matches with picture dot size, because the detector size of vertical direction is 13.5 μm of x512=7mm, slit is also 7mm.The use that point turns line fibre bundle not only substantially increases throughput, and is convenient to be connected as optics with slit by fibre bundle Sui meaning.
The output of this three roads light can point-to-pointly to be merged in real time in the calculating 260 with data processing and recognition system.Although fluorescence spectrum is more very different than the resolution of Raman spectrum, sensitivity is much higher, therefore can be helpful to detection trace target.The energy of nearly deep ultraviolet laser is very high can decomposition explosion product, NO (nitrogen monoxide) and OH (hydroxyl) can be produced, their fluorescence spectrum is discrete, can separate with the wide fluorescence spectrum of other materials, therefore may detect the explosive trace vestige that Raman cannot detect.System is also furnished with GPS location and radio data-transmission equipment.
Generally speaking, three beam splitting chip BS have very high transmitance to Raman and fluorescence, and problem is whether ultraviolet object lens can Raman and fluorescence thoroughly.We consider that laser is the situation (situation of other nearly deep ultraviolet laser is also similar) of 266nm, Fig. 8 is its transmittance curve, it has very high transmitance to the Raman of 268-290nm, to the mean transmissivity of the fluorescence of 350-500nm also more than 75%, the requirement that triple channel merges can be met completely.
Fig. 9 is the ray tracing result from laser to focal length microcobjective, be that ellipse garden hot spot (2mmx0.5mm) of 4:1 becomes the circular light spot that diameter is 0.13mm originally after shaping, therefore expanding diameter through relay optical is that (area is 0.15mm to 0.44mm
2) hot spot after can be imaged onto and a little turn line fibre bundle head and be coupled to 3mmx0.05mm (area is 0.15mm
2) slit on, the ultraviolet intensified CCD that now spectrometer the uses face battle array that is 1024x256, picture dot size is 13.5 μ.
The present invention uses two kinds of methods to Sample Scan, and the first makes 2-D optical scanning with a pair catoptron galvanometer 40, because fingerprint is very little, just can realize as long as the first beam splitter and object lens are enough large; The second whole head is done two-dimentional machinery scanning.
Embodiment 2
Though above-mentioned design can fast go out spectrum, due to the whole target of sensing point very minor inspection to do two-dimensional scan and the time longer, in spectrometer, CCD is also not high enough in the sensitivity of ultraviolet in addition.For overcoming these shortcomings, we make dispersion element and CCD without grating, use Tunable filters and highly sensitive photomultiplier PMT or avalanche photodide APD instead.Its advantage is that sensitivity is very high, does not have slit, does not limit the size of sensing point; Its shortcoming is that spectrum wants the scanning of a wavelength wavelength to complete, and the speed of therefore getting spectrum is comparatively slow, if but it can to obtain EO-1 hyperion laser to whole target imaging comparatively strong and use imaging charge-coupled image sensor ICCD.
Figure 10 is the theory diagram of the nearly deep ultraviolet Raman spectrometer of use Tunable filters of the present invention and PMT or APD detector.The same in the forward part of spectrometer with embodiment 1, the spectrometer of grating dispersion and Narrow Sew is not had unlike this system. laser, Raman light and fluorescence are when encountering second piece of beam splitter 140, shorter laser is reflected to 170 imagings, but allow Raman light and fluorescence pass through, when encountering the 3rd piece of beam splitter 180, shorter Raman light is reflected but allows fluorescence pass through; Raman light is imaged onto on the PMT210 of detection Raman spectrum through Tunable filters 190 and imaging len 200, and fluorescence is imaged onto on the APD240 of detection fluorescence spectrum through Tunable filters 220 and imaging len 230; If detector is imaging CCD and ICCD with photomultiplier, then by fingerprint imaging while print spectrum, EO-1 hyperion can be. point-to-point the carrying out that the output of this three roads light can be real-time in the calculating 250 with data processing and recognition system merges and sends.
In order to verify embodiment 1 and 2, we have built triple channel experimental provision with 266nm laser, and Figure 11 a is that the stealthy thumb that laser channeling becomes stays picture on aluminium pot, and Figure 11 b is the various materials in the stealthy thumb that records of Raman passage.
Above the technical scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides is described in detail, applies specific case herein and the principle of the embodiment of the present invention and embodiment are set forth; Meanwhile, in conjunction with claims, the equivalent and modification obtained according to the present invention's instruction and enlightenment is all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the stealthy fingerprint display in scene and internal substance measuring instrument thereof, it is characterized in that: it comprises nearly deep ultraviolet laser transmitter connected in turn, laser spot shaper, laser bundle-enlarging collimation device, two-dimensional scan catoptron, the first beam splitter, zoom or varifocus objective, the second beam splitter, the 3rd beam splitter, relay optical system, point do not turn line optics system, become spectra system, specimen scanning system, data handling system, GPS location and data wireless receive-transmit system, and comprise additional ultraviolet irradiation lamp and camera further; The center section 1-10% region of the quartz glass substrate of the first described beam splitter is coated with the highly reflecting films of laser, but the saturating Raman of this film and fluorescence, and all the other 90-99% regions are coated with the anti-reflection film of laser, Raman, fluorescence, therefore make the first beam splitter not only backward-reflected laser but also saturating laser; The described saturating Raman of the second beam splitter backward-reflected laser and fluorescence; The described graceful fluorescence of the 3rd beam splitter reverse drawing; Described relay optical system, the photoimaging from the lighting point reflection in target, scattering and generation to fibre bundle head; Described point turns line optics system, and the some picture that relay optical system is become or line picture convert the shape of slit to and match with spectrometer numerical aperture; Described one-tenth spectra system comprises and uses grating and ultraviolet intensified CCD, and Tunable filters and photomultiplier or snowslide pipe two kinds; Described two-dimensional scan catoptron and ultraviolet irradiation lamp adjustable position angle and the angle of pitch obtain stealthy fingerprint resemble to slant angle; Described specimen scanning system comprises 2-D optical scanning or mechanical scanning gets spectrum to whole sample pointwise; Described data handling system is by Raman, fluorescence, the point-to-point real time fusion of laser triple channel, and do spectrum display, spectral separation, crest location, the foundation of spectrum storehouse, Object Classification process, then by GPS location and data wireless receive-transmit system, database data wireless being sent to public security bureau compares.
2. the stealthy fingerprint display in scene according to claim 1 and internal substance measuring instrument thereof, it is characterized in that: the wavelength of described ultraviolet irradiation lamp is 200-380nm, it can adjust angle setting sun fingerprint makes background light fall from Specular reflection, but make the laser channeling imaging of rough fingerprint reflected light and the described camera of fluorescence excited or Raman spectrometer, improve contrast.
3. the stealthy fingerprint display in scene according to claim 1 and internal substance measuring instrument thereof, it is characterized in that: described two-dimensional scan catoptron is the galvanometer of X and Y-direction, adjustable angle casts oblique rays on fingerprint makes laser background fall from Specular reflection but make rough fingerprint in the laser channeling imaging of Raman spectrometer, improves contrast; And two-dimensional scan pointwise is done to sample get spectrum.
4. the stealthy fingerprint display in scene according to claim 1 and internal substance measuring instrument thereof, it is characterized in that: described nearly deep ultraviolet laser wavelength is 200-270nm, described Raman light and fluorescence bands depend on laser instrument used and the requirement of system, with not overlapped for principle.
5. the stealthy fingerprint display in scene according to claim 1 and internal substance measuring instrument thereof, it is characterized in that: described relay optical system, making spot size and slit match from the lighting point reflection in target, scattering, the image formation by rays that excites to fibre bundle head, makes F number and spectrometer match.
6. the stealthy fingerprint display in scene according to claim 1 and internal substance measuring instrument thereof, it is characterized in that: described point turns line optics system and comprises and a little turn line fibre bundle or virtual slit, described point turns line fibre bundle and is made up of multifiber a circle luminous point is become shape of slit, and circle luminous point is cut into the light that several pieces are combined into long and narrow shape of slit again after shaping by described virtual slit.
7. the display of the stealthy fingerprint in scene according to claim 1 and internal substance measuring instrument thereof, is characterized in that: described one-tenth spectra system adopts grating or prism to do dispersion, goes out spectrum or not only gone out to compose but also imaging with face battle array ultraviolet intensified CCD; Or adopt Tunable filters to do dispersion, go out spectrum with single or multiple photodiode PD, photomultiplier PMT or snowslide pipe APD, or adopt ultraviolet Enhanced Imaging CCD and ICCD or area array CCD not only to go out to compose but also imaging; Described Tunable filters adopts the narrow band pass filter of rotational angle, acousto-optic tunable filter or liquid crystal tunable optical filter.
8. the stealthy fingerprint display in scene according to claim 1 and internal substance measuring instrument thereof, is characterized in that: described measuring instrument makes Raman and fluorescence channel share a spectrometer.
9. the stealthy fingerprint display in scene according to claim 1 and internal substance measuring instrument thereof, is characterized in that: described fluorescence cutoff wavelength exceeds 100-200 nanometer than the Raman light cutoff wavelength of expection.
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