CN105387684B - 低温分馏空气的方法和空气分馏设备 - Google Patents
低温分馏空气的方法和空气分馏设备 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105387684B CN105387684B CN201510708865.8A CN201510708865A CN105387684B CN 105387684 B CN105387684 B CN 105387684B CN 201510708865 A CN201510708865 A CN 201510708865A CN 105387684 B CN105387684 B CN 105387684B
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- liquid
- air
- xenon
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- oxygen
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- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
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- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular nitrogen;molecular oxygen Chemical compound N#N.O=O DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种低温分馏空气的方法,其中以低温液体方式供应存在于空气分馏设备(100)的蒸馏塔系统(10)中的蒸发室内的液体体积,且其中部分液体体积通过蒸发连续地转换成气相,其中除了氧,低温液体包含沸点高于氧的成分,后者包括氙。低温液体中的氙含量被确定且用作任意沸点高于液体体积内的氧的成分的富集的量度。本发明还提供相应的空气分馏设备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及根据独立权利要求的前序部分所述低温分馏空气的方法和相应的空气分馏设备。
背景技术
通过在空气分馏设备中低温分馏空气产生液态或气态空气产品的生产是已知的,且在例如(编辑),Industrial Gases Processing,Wiley-VCH,2006,更具体地在2.2.5节“低温精馏”中描述过。
空气分馏设备具有蒸馏塔系统,其可例如采用双塔系统的形式,特别是传统Linde双塔系统,但也可为三或多塔系统。蒸馏塔除了用于得到液态和/或气态氮和/或氧(例如液态氧(LOX)、气态氧(GOX)、液态氮(LIN)和/或气态氮(GAN)),即用于氮-氧分离的蒸馏塔,提供蒸馏塔还可用于得到更多的空气成分,特别是惰性气体氪、氙和/或氩。
本发明特别适用于空气分馏设备中,其中富氧流从蒸馏塔系统排出用于主要地或完全地以气态进行氮-氧分离。然而,本发明还可用于空气分馏设备中,其中从蒸馏塔系统排出液体流以提供富氧产物,例如在带有内部压力的空气分馏设备中,提供沸点比氧高的成分的富集是可能的(如下面将解释的)。带有内部压缩的空气分馏设备例如在loc.cit,2.2.5.2节“内部压缩”中解释。
典型空气分馏设备的蒸馏塔系统是在其蒸馏塔内的各种操作压力下进行操作。已知的双塔系统具有例如“高压”塔(也简单称为压力塔)和“低压”塔。高压塔的操作压力例如可达4.3到6.9巴,优选地为大约5.0巴。在例如1.3到1.7巴、优选地为约1.5巴的操作压力下操作低压塔。低压塔具有稍微高于大气压的操作压力的目的主要是能够从对应的空气分馏设备中排出产物,而不使用额外的泵。此处和下文表述的压力为绝对压力。
如已知的,供给双塔系统的高压塔的空气被用于得到富氧塔底产物(也称为富集液体),其被传送到低压塔中。在低压塔中,主要包含氧的塔底产物被从来自高压塔的富氧塔底产物中分离且进一步任选地流入低压塔。为了在低压塔中提供上升气流且由此保持精馏,继续加热低压塔的塔底产物,以部分塔底产物被逐渐变成气相。可在冷凝-蒸发器(也称为主冷凝器)的内部或外部进行加热,用来自高压塔的气态、富含氮的塔顶产物加热。
它可能出现的问题是,在所描述的低压塔的操作期间,来自高压塔的富氧塔底产物且因此最终来自进料空气的不易挥发成分,和被供应到低压塔内的任何其它流体可随时在其塔底或在对应外部冷凝蒸发器的蒸发室内富集。在该连接中被认为关键的成分为具有达四个碳原子的烃,以及诸如一氧化二氮和二氧化碳的化合物,其不可能使用普通作用力完全与进料空气相分离。
最大可容许浓度的对应化合物在,例如于欧洲工业气体协会(EIGA)的工业气体委员会(IGC)的文件65/13/E,附录E和F,“在1.2巴(绝对压力)上的液氧热虹吸再沸器操作中的最高污染物水平”和“在1.2巴(绝对压力)上的液氧下流再沸器操作中的最高污染物水平”中陈述。如在第7.3.2节中进一步解释的,“净化”,富集问题在设备中不明显,在所述设备中,得到显著部分的液态或气态的内部压缩氧富集富氧产物,因为在该情况下,部分塔底产物以液体形式连续地从低压塔的塔底或对应外部冷凝-蒸发器的蒸发室排出。然而,在空气分馏设备中仅气态富氧流从低压塔排出,反之必要的、优选连续地排出作为“清除量”的小部分塔底产物。本文所引用的EIGA出版物建议0.1%至0.2%的引导空气量。如果不可能连续排出,适当体积可被间歇性地、即至少每12小时排出。
不期望成分的对应富集还可发生在带有用于得到氩的蒸馏塔的已知空气分馏设备的塔顶冷凝器中,其蒸发室被加载有高压塔的富氧塔底产物。同样可应用于氪/氙富集塔底,如下解释的。通常,每当液体体积以低温富氧液体方式供应到蒸发室中时且液体体积的部分通过蒸发连续转换为气时,尤其当适当部分以液体形式从液体体积排出时,即产生相应问题。
事实上,困难可能出现在调节体积上,即消除体积,其以液体形式从对应蒸发室中排出。因此由于经济原因期望保持尽可能小的该体积,这是由于接下来通常不会进一步使用且因此在过程中丢失。另外,在低温液体被排出而不通过热交换器时难免发生制冷损耗。另一方面,如果体积太小,所提及的成分会过多地富集在蒸发室内。
因此需要一种简单且可靠的方式来确认成分的富集,所述成分的沸点高于富氧的低温液体中的氧,从而可得到简单且低成本的方式,其允许以该种方式核查用于和/调节待排出体积的规范的符合性。
发明内容
通过根据独立权利要求前序部分所述的空气低温分馏方法和相应的空气分馏设备达到该目的。附属权利要求和说明书中的各种情况呈现了优选实施方案。
在解释本发明特征和优点之前,将解释所述使用的基本原则和术语。
在本文所使用的语言中,液体和气态流可富集或贫乏于一种或多种成分中,其中基于摩尔、重量或体积,“富集”可表示至少50%,75%,90%,95%,99%,99.5%,99.9%或99.99%的含量,且贫乏表示至多50%,25%,10%,5%,1%,0.1%或0.01%的含量。术语“主要地”可对应于“富集”的定义。在本文所使用的语言中,液体或气态流可进一步被富集或消耗于一种或多种成分中,其中在空气分馏情况下这些术语与被导入的空气或其组分相关。相对于所导入空气中各自的含量,如果液体或气态流包含至少1.1倍、1.5倍、2倍、5倍、10倍、100倍、或1000倍的对应成分的含量,其被“富集”,且如果包含至多0.9倍、0.5倍、0.1倍、0.01倍、或0.001倍对应成分的含量,其被“消耗”。如果此处提及“液态氧”,则应意为富氧的液体流,但不需要排它性地由氧组成。
低温液体在空气分馏设备中的各个点上得到且在维持特定填充水平时在蒸发室内连续蒸发。这例如在上面解释的情况,低压塔的塔底同时构成主冷凝器的蒸发室。
当然,相应主冷凝器还被安置在双塔系统的外侧,在该情况下称其为外部主冷凝器。本发明可被应用于任何期望的蒸发室中,特别是冷凝-蒸发器的蒸发室内。蒸发室的特征在于,通过低温液体方式形成液体体积且保持在其中,部分液体体积通过蒸发连续转换成气相。“冷凝-蒸发器”具有液化室和蒸发室。在每种情况下,彼此在流体连通的通道(液化或蒸发通道)组形成蒸发和液化室。在执行第一液体流的液化室冷凝时,在蒸发室内发生第二流体流的蒸发。两股流体流于此处间接热交换。
“低温”液体、或相应流体、液态空气产物、流等意为液体介质,其沸点明显地低于各自环境温度,例如小于200K,尤其77K至110K。低温介质的实施例为上述定义的液态空气、液态氧和液态氮。
本发明的优点
用本身已知的用于低温空气分馏的方法执行本发明,其中通过低温液体方式供应存在于空气分馏设备的蒸馏塔系统中的蒸发室内的液体体积,且其中部分液体体积通过蒸发连续地转换为气相。除了氧,低温液体、特别是来自低压塔塔底的富氧液体包含的成分包括沸点高于氧的氙。特别的,在上述定义的文本中,对应液体可主要由氧组成。当然,还可存在沸点高于氧的成分。通过自然空气包含的氙含量来确定氙的含量,其在全球范围内是基本不变的。传统净化装置不会保留氙用于空气分馏设备中的进料空气,且不会引起进一步中断至分离。
另一方面,特别通过在操作相应空气分馏设备的位置确定沸点高于氧的至少一种更多成分的含量。如在上面引用的EIGA文件中,尤其第7.4节中,“污染物分析”中陈述的,在带有化学、石化和冶金设备的高度工业化的区域中,此类高含量成分尤其是能够预期到的。根据行业本质,可保留大量的一氧化二氮、烃和/或二氧化碳。尤其当二氧化碳在传统进料空气净化装置中被大量移除时,残余含量可被供应到相应蒸馏塔系统中。
本发明提出确定液体体积中的氙的含量且用于测量沸点高于液体体积中的氧的成分的任何富集。
本发明于此处可涉及将氙用于测量在相应液体体积中沸点高于氧的至少一种成分的浓度。基于液体体积中确定的氙的含量,因此可能确定沸点高于氧的至少一种成分的含量。还如以下所解释的,其具有的优点在于,仅需要确定一种成分、即氙的含量,且至少在该基础上的数量级上可估算一种或多种成分的浓度。在该情况下,不再需要任选地使用不同分析器测量沸点高于氧的其它成分、尤其是多种不同成分。
然而,在仅确认富集产物本身的情况下,本发明也是特别有利的。在此问题中,流量测量装置相应地不需要设置于蒸发室中,例如在低压塔塔底或粗氩塔(见下面)的塔顶冷凝器的蒸发室中,因为测量小流低温液体是极其复杂的。由于它们的设计,通常使用的超声探头具有槽,所述槽在高富氧区域中是尤其不希望的,因为正是在此处发生烃的富集。因此根据所使用的阀尺寸和排放时间或排放频率,传统上通常比较粗略地估算从蒸发室排出的清除量。如根据本发明所提出的,通过将氙用作沸点高于氧成分的富集的度量,大大方便了确定正确的清除量。其足可以为本发明目的来增加过量富集事件中的适当清除量且在进一步测量的基础上证实该结果。
因此可为本发明目的提供的基于富集的测量来确认来自液体体积以液体形式的至少一股排放流的流速。由此间接确认此流速,这样可能会免除使用复杂的流速测量装置。
使用氙已被证明对于本发明目的是特别有利的,因为如上所述,氙以基本恒定的浓度在室外空气中出现。另外氙是难挥发的,当其它成分、尤其氧从液体体积蒸发时,其基本保留在那里,即氙是不转移的或至多轻微转移成气相的。特别的,后者不是附带理论上同样可用作标识物或指示剂(诸如氪和氩)的其它成分的情况。
在相应的液体体积中,例如在仅为从低压塔排出的气态氧产物的情况下,如果假设典型富集因子为500,则液体体积中的最小氙浓度为空气中氙浓度的500倍,即500×0.086vppm,并因而等于43vppm。如下面解释的,使用已知测量装置可相对简单地测量该浓度。
因此,如果在所解释的实施例中在相应蒸气室的液体体积中测量出氙的含量为43vppm,则可反之假定氙在蒸发室内富集了500倍,因此清除量达到被导入空气体积的1/500。因此本发明能够可靠地确定富集量而不会导致流量测量,该流量测量特别在低温温度下是复杂的。
由于环境空气中氙的含量是已知的且诸如一氧化二氮和二氧化碳的沸点高于氧的其它成分含量可被足够可靠地估算到一个数量级上,基于液体体积中的氙含量,得到沸点高于氧的更多成分的含量是可能的。
此处确定的数量级是足够的。如果,例如在导入的空气中假定甲烷的值大约为2vppm或一氧化二氮大约为0.32vppm,其在大部分情况下是正确的,且所确定的液体体积中的氙含量显示出1000倍的富集量,则甲烷的最大值为2000vppm,条件是从液体体积没有甲烷蒸发。例如在带有“障碍”板设置的情况下被用于得到氪和氙时。如果1/3的甲烷转移为气相,则液体体积的实际含量相反仅为1300vppm。在甲烷的最大可容许浓度为500vppm的情况下,这意味着在任何情况下存在过多的甲烷。相同的可能性也适用于其它棘手的空气成分中。因此不需要分开测量甲烷和诸如一氧化二氮和二氧化碳的其它棘手的空气成分。
EP 0 726 434 B1建议将一氧化二氮用作标识物。然而,相对大量的一氧化二氮被认为在相应液体体积中是重要的,因为在低温下,其可形成带有二氧化碳的混合晶体,其能够堵塞固热交换器中的通道。因此,这可能导致大量压力下降且烃间接地在低流区域富集。
如根据本发明提出的,使用氙的特别有利之处在于,如已在部分中提到的,氙不能通过分子筛或液体吸附器时保留,即在空气分馏设备中使用典型净化设备。存在于导入的空气中的氙的浓度相对较容易检测,因此完全转移到相应的液体体积中。而且,氙足够重到可完全保留在液体体积中,即例如,不经由气态氧产物排放。自然存在于空气分馏设备的相应液体体积中没有其它成分具有这些特征。
如前所解释的,根据本发明的方法在空气分馏设备中提供特别的优点,也就是在带有蒸馏塔系统的空气分馏设备中,其包括高压塔和低压塔。在该情况下,液体体积在冷凝-蒸发器的蒸发室中蒸发,即、所解释的主冷凝器,其在高压塔和低压塔之间提供热交换连接。供应附带来自高压塔的富氧液体的该液体体积。如果对应的空气分馏设备未被配置用于氧的内部压缩,即如果低压塔的氧仅以一个或多个富氧气态流的形式排出,则本发明是特别有利的。
然而,本发明还特别适合带有用于得到氩的塔的空气分馏设备,因而例如适用于包括粗氩塔的空气分馏设备。在该情况下,液体体积在粗氩塔的塔顶冷凝器的蒸发室中蒸发。为了防止不期望地富集于对应流体体积的棘手成分的高浓度,其部分通常通过线路排放且被连续传送到低压塔中。然而,由于所述原因,通常不进行流量监控,所以不需要的成分的过多富集可能发生在例如(甚至局部)堵塞相应管路的情况中。这可通过根据本发明确定氙含量并通过执行适当测量来鉴定并得到预防。然而相应地,本发明还适于确定在纯氩塔的塔顶冷凝器或任何其它期望得到的在相应冷凝器中的附加蒸发室或其它蒸发装置中沸点高于氧的成分。在所有情况下,有利地用流体形成液体体积,该流体从高压塔以液态形式排放且被转移到相应蒸发室中。
然而,如果在作为蒸发室的氪/氙富集塔的塔底确定氙的含量,则可得到用于本发明目的的特别优点。相应的富集塔在相关专业文献中是已知的,例如H.-(ed.)Industrial Gases Processing,Wiley-VCH,2006,尤其在3.3节,“氪和氙的回收”。它们通常从低压塔塔底供应,因此反过来从蒸发室的液体体积供应。
氪和氩通常在富集塔塔底被富集2000至3000倍。在该点上对氙的含量的确定提供不仅关于将进一步处理的产物产量的信息(即实际富集因子),还关于室外空气的甲烷污染物的信息。甲烷不通过分子筛吸附器保留。因此,如果富集塔塔底的氙的含量低(例如43vppm,如上所述,其表明500倍的富集),但烃浓度意外的高,室外空气浓度不符合规范,则存在不正常的高度空气污染。在该特定情况下,烃浓度是已知的,因为富集塔是基于全部烃含量来操作的,而该全部烃含量为此目的已被适当地监测。
通常还监测富集塔塔底的一氧化二氮和二氧化碳的含量。如果出现二氧化碳(超过2vppm)和/或一氧化二氮(超过50vppm)的浓度过高且同时氙浓度处于正常范围内,则可假定分子筛吸附器不正常运行。例如,可能存在不需要的空气支流。这种不正常运行在空气分馏设备的另一个点上明显地更难识别。
总之,本发明因此有利地提供确定蒸发室内至少一种烃的含量,使其与氙的含量相关并将其用作空气分馏设备内分馏空气的纯度的量度,和/或确定蒸发室内二氧化碳和/或一氧化二氮的含量,使其与氙的含量相关并用于确认空气分馏设备的至少一个空气净化装置的功能。以此方式确定富集塔塔底的氙含量,因此允许间接监测有较高烃污染的室外空气浓度且同时监测分子筛吸附器的运行。
如前所解释的,比例为用于得到低温液体的空气体积的0.1至1%的液体体积被有利地连续或间歇性地从对应蒸发室排出。以该方式,可以可靠地防止过多富集对应成分。
本发明特别有利之处在于,基于氙的含量调节从蒸发室连续或间歇性地排放的液体体积的比例,如上所述,该氙含量被用作低温液体中沸点高于氧的至少一种其它成分的含量的量度。可在控制方法的上下文中执行本发明,例如基于氙的含量自动控制待排放的部分。
气相色谱特别适合确定上面解释浓度中的氙含量,尤其是如果为此目的使用热电导检测器(TCD)。对应的气相色谱法执行简单、可靠和成本低。
可在空气分馏设备中或通过与空气分馏设备单独分开提供的独立测量装置来执行本发明。例如,可使用空气分馏设备的周期性测量的测量装置来测量氙的含量,或可通过从蒸发室排放且被传送给样本容器的测量设备的测量样本来测量氙的含量。适当的样本容器例如为样品圆筒或专门设置用于传输气体的覆塑料的金属箔袋。因此不需要在原位进行测量。
本发明还提供一种空气分馏设备,其配置用于蒸馏塔系统中的空气低温分馏。这种空气分馏设备包括配置用于以低温液体方式供应存在于蒸馏塔系统中的蒸发室内的液体体积且将部分液体体积通过蒸发连续地转换成气相的装置,其中除了氧,低温液体包含的成分包括沸点高于氧的氙。根据本发明,提供配置用于确定液体体积中的氙的含量且使用该氙的含量作为液体体积中沸点高于氧的成分的任何富集的量度的装置。
此类空气分馏设备(其特征和优点的参考在上述说明的特征和优点中明确地给出)特别配置用于执行先前已解释的方法且具有相应的工具。
参照示出空气分馏设备的附图将更详细地解释本发明,在此基础上解释根据本发明的测量法。
附图说明
图1以示意性流程图形式示出空气分馏设备。
具体实施方式
图1示出了空气分馏设备,基于图1阐述本发明的一个实施方案。将空气分馏设备总称为100。
在空气分馏设备100中,进料空气流a经由过滤器(无参考标号)抽入且通过主空气压缩器1进行压缩。对应的压缩进料空流a被供应于预冷装置2中,其用冷水进行操作且此处不再更详细解释。仍然称为a的预冷进料空气流在纯化装置3中被纯化。在纯化装置3中,其通常包括一对交替操作的吸附器容器(分子筛吸附器),预冷供应空气流具有大量的水和二氧化碳,但由于基本原理,不能完全从它中移除。
此处仍称为a的来自净化装置3下游的进料空气流被分成两个子流b和c。在主热交换器4中的进料空气流a的压力水平上冷却子流b。子流c在后压缩机5中后压缩且同样在主热交换器4中冷却,但仅在中间温度水平上进行。在冷却到中间温度水平后,该子流c,或“涡轮流”在此处通过漩涡发电机6膨胀到子流b的压力水平,与子流b结合并供应给下面将详细解释的蒸馏塔系统10的高压塔11中。
在蒸馏塔系统10的高压塔11中,用经由子流b和c供应的进料空气形成富氧液体塔底馏分和富氮气体塔顶馏分。富氧液体塔底馏分作为来自高压塔11的流d排出,部分用作纯氩塔14(见下面)的塔底蒸发器中的加热介质,且在各种情况下,以限定的比例供应给到纯氩塔14的塔顶冷凝器、粗氩塔13的塔顶冷凝器中,且作为流e进入蒸馏塔系统10的低压塔12中。粗氩塔13和纯氩塔14的塔顶冷凝器的蒸发室中的蒸发的流体作为流f同样被转换进入低压塔12。
以流g形式的气态富氮塔顶产物可从高压塔11的塔顶排出,在主冷凝器15中液化,其在高压塔11和低压塔12之间形成热交换连接,且被部分加载返回高压塔11且在低压塔12中膨胀。
液态富氮流i可从低压塔12的塔顶上的液体阻挡装置排出且从空气分馏设备100作为液态氮产物输出。从低压塔12的塔顶排出的气态富氮流k通过主热交换器4且在低压塔压力上作为氮产物提供。而且流1从低压塔12的上部区域排出,在主热交换器4中加热后,在预加热设备2中用作“不纯”氮,或通过电子加热器加热后,被用于净化单元3中。
富氧气态流m从低压塔12的较低区域排出,且同样在主热交换器4中加热后,作为对应的氧产物提供。富氮流体n从高压塔11的上部区域排出,在主热交换器4中加热且作为高压塔11的压力上的气态压缩氮提供。
将注意到,当液体实际被冷凝在空气分馏设备100的低压塔12的塔底区域上时,如图1所示,没有液体正常地从存在于这个蒸发室内的流体体积中排出。因为在所示的空气分馏设备100中,氧仅以气态流m的形式从低压塔12的较低区域排出,但不是如已知的内部压缩方法的液态氧,沸点高于氧的成分的富集因此可发生在低压塔的塔底。
为了得到纯氩,流o以已知的氩转变或略低的氩转变从低压塔12排出且传送到已提及的粗氩塔13中。在粗氩塔13的塔底上升的冷凝物以流p的形式泵送回低压塔12。在粗氩塔13的塔顶,未在塔顶冷凝器中冷凝的流体以流q的形式排出且被传送到纯氩塔14中。在纯氩塔14中,使用如上所述的塔底蒸发器和同样如上所述的塔顶冷凝器获得液态氩r。一定部分的流s离开纯氩塔且被吹送到大气中。
将注意到,当流体实际在粗氩塔13和纯氩塔14的塔顶冷凝器中出现时,以与在低压塔12的塔底相似的方式,或此处供应液体流,没有液体流被排出。如上所述的高沸点成分的富集因此也可发生于此。图1未示出任何排出流体,如通常提供的,用于防止对应的富集。
因此如已重复解释的,本发明例如提出检验存在于对应的蒸发室内的流体体积(为了它们的氙含量)和在超出特定值时执行适当的措施,对应的蒸发室特别意指低压塔12的塔底、粗氩塔13的塔顶冷凝器和纯氩塔14的塔顶冷凝器中的蒸发室。
在所示的实施例中,为了这个目的示出了流t和装置7。间歇性地从低压塔的蒸发室内的流体体积中排出部分流t,其部分用于检验装置7中的氙含量。如已重复解释的,检验例如可通过气相色谱法进行。不需要在原位进行检验,即不需要在空气分馏设备100本身中进行,但为了外部装置内的氙含量,还可对从低压塔的蒸发室排出的部分提供检测。
Claims (16)
1.一种低温分馏空气的方法,其中以低温液体方式供应存在于空气分馏设备(100)的蒸馏塔系统(10)中的蒸发室内的液体体积,且其中部分所述液体体积通过蒸发连续地转换成气相,其中除了氧,所述低温液体包含沸点高于氧的成分,后者包括氙,其特征在于,所述液体体积中的氙含量被确定且用作沸点高于所述液体体积内的氧的成分的富集的量度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中基于所述液体体积中所确定的氙含量,确定沸点高于氧的至少一种成分的含量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中基于所述富集的测量,确定从所述液体体积中以液体形式排出的至少一股流体的流速。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中使用带有蒸馏塔系统(10)的空气分馏设备(100),所述蒸馏塔系统包括高压塔(11)和低压塔(12)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中确定氙含量的液体体积的蒸发室为主冷凝器(15)的蒸发室,该主冷凝器在所述高压塔(11)和所述低压塔(12)之间提供热交换连接。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中使用带有粗氩塔(13)的空气分馏设备(100),且确定氙含量的液体体积的蒸发室为粗氩塔(13)的塔顶冷凝器的蒸发室。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中使用带有纯氩塔(14)的空气分馏设备,且确定氙含量的液体体积的蒸发室为所述纯氩塔(14)的塔顶冷凝器的蒸发室。
8.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中从所述高压塔(11)以液体形式排出的流体形成所述低温液体,且然后被传送到所述蒸发室中。
9.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中使用带有蒸馏塔系统(10)的空气分馏设备(100),该蒸馏塔系统包括氪/氙富集塔,其中确定氙含量的液体体积的蒸发室为氪/氙富集塔底的蒸发室。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中进一步确定所述蒸发室内至少一种烃的含量,使其与所述氙含量相关且被用作所述空气分馏设备(100)中被分馏空气的纯度的量度。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中进一步确定所述蒸发室内二氧化碳和/或一氧化二氮的含量,使其与所述氙含量相关且被用于确定所述空气分馏设备(100)的至少一个空气净化设备的功能。
12.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中部分液体体积被连续或间歇性地排出所述蒸发室,该部分液体体积对应于用于得到所述低温液体的空气体积的0.1到1%。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述从蒸发室连续或间歇性地排出的部分液体体积是基于氙含量来调节的。
14.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述氙含量是通过气相色谱法来确定的。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述氙含量是使用电导检测器来确定的。
16.一种空气分馏设备(100),其配置用于蒸馏塔系统(10)中空气的低温分馏,且具有配置用于通过低温液体供给存在于所述蒸馏塔系统(10)的蒸汽室内的液体体积且用于通过蒸发连续地将部分液体体积转换为气相的装置,其中除了氧,所述低温液体包含沸点高于氧的成分,该成分包括氙,其特征在于,所提供的装置配置用于确定所述液体体积中的氙含量且用其作为沸点高于液体体积内氧的成分的富集的量度。
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US8443625B2 (en) * | 2008-08-14 | 2013-05-21 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Krypton and xenon recovery method |
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CN1311850A (zh) * | 1998-08-06 | 2001-09-05 | 林德股份公司 | 低温空气分离的方法和装置 |
EP1006326B1 (de) * | 1998-12-01 | 2004-04-21 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Drucksauerstoff und Krypton/Xenon durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
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