CN1920455A - 通过空气的低温分离获取氪和/或氙的方法 - Google Patents

通过空气的低温分离获取氪和/或氙的方法 Download PDF

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CN1920455A
CN1920455A CNA2006101212830A CN200610121283A CN1920455A CN 1920455 A CN1920455 A CN 1920455A CN A2006101212830 A CNA2006101212830 A CN A2006101212830A CN 200610121283 A CN200610121283 A CN 200610121283A CN 1920455 A CN1920455 A CN 1920455A
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condenser
reboiler
xenon
pressure column
krypton
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阿尔弗雷德·万纳
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Linde GmbH
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Abstract

一种通过空气的低温分离获取氪和/或氙的方法。被压缩及被净化的原料空气(1，1A，1B，29)被导入到一个用于氮－氧分离的精馏系统中，该精馏系统具有至少一个高压塔(2)及一个低压塔(3)。在一个第一部位上从低压塔(3)取出富氧的液体(42)。将富氧液体(42)的至少第一部分(43)在一个第二部位上再输送到低压塔，其中在低压塔的第一与第二部位之间设有一个传质区段(44)。由低压塔(3)的、设在第二部位的高度上或在其下面的第三部位提取另一液体(35)，将其导入一个第一冷凝器－蒸发器(4)的蒸发室及在那里部分地蒸发。从第一冷凝器－蒸发器(4)的蒸发室提取含氪及氙的馏份(138)。从第二冷凝器－蒸发器(27)提取氪－氙浓缩物(125)。

Description

通过空气的低温分离获取氪和/或氙的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过空气的低温分离获取氪和/或氙的方法，其中将被压缩及被净化的原料空气导入到一个用于氮-氧分离的精馏系统中，该精馏系统具有至少一个高压塔及一个低压塔，其中在一个第一部位上从低压塔取出富氧的液体，将富氧液体的至少第一部分在一个第二部位上再输送到低压塔，其中在低压塔的第一与第二部位之间设有一个传质区段，由低压塔的、设在第二部位的高度上或在其下面的第三部位提取另一液体，将其导入一个第一冷凝器-蒸发器的蒸发室及在那里部分地蒸发，及从第一冷凝器-蒸发器的蒸发室提取含氪及氙的馏份。
背景技术
在Hausen/Linden的专题著作“低温技术”(Tieftemperaturtechnik)(1985年第二版)及Latimer在“化学过程进展”(Chemical Engineeringprogress)(1967年第63卷第二期第35页)的论文中一般地描述了空气低温分离的基本原理及专门地描述了用于氮-氧分离的精馏系统的结构。高压塔在高于低压塔的压力下工作；这两个塔优选彼此-例如通过一个主冷凝器-处于热交换关系，在该主冷凝器中高压塔的顶部气体逆着低压塔的蒸发的池槽液体被液化。本发明的精馏系统可被构造成传统的双塔系统，但也可被构造成三塔或多塔系统。除用于氮-氧分离的柱外还可具有用于获取其它空气成分、尤其是惰性气体的其它装置，例如一个氩获取装置。
所产生的氪-氙浓缩物可在其它方法步骤中当场分离出纯净氪和/或氙。变换地，可存储它，例如存储在一个液体罐中及传送到另一地点被继续处理。
在US 5313802中描述了本文开头所述类型的方法。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于特别经济地实施这种方法。
根据本发明，提出了一种通过空气的低温分离获取氪和/或氙的方法，其中将被压缩及被净化的原料空气导入到一个用于氮-氧分离的精馏系统中，该精馏系统具有至少一个高压塔及一个低压塔，其中在一个第一部位上从低压塔取出富氧的液体，将富氧液体的至少第一部分在一个第二部位上再输送到低压塔，其中在低压塔的第一与第二部位之间设有一个传质区段，由低压塔的、设在第二部位的高度上或在其下面的第三部位提取另一液体，将其导入一个第一冷凝器-蒸发器的蒸发室及在那里部分地蒸发，及从第一冷凝器-蒸发器的蒸发室提取含氪及氙的馏份。其中，将所述含氪及氙的馏份导入一个第二冷凝器-蒸发器的蒸发室中，及从该第二冷凝器-蒸发器提取氪-氙浓缩物。
根据本发明，含氪及氙的馏份被从第一冷凝器-蒸发器的蒸发室导入一个第二冷凝器-蒸发器的蒸发室中及在那里被部分地蒸发；剩余的液态部分将作为氪-氙浓缩物从第二冷凝器-蒸发器中提取。
以此方式，一个单独的粗氪-氙塔不是绝对需要的。在第二冷凝器-蒸发器及低压塔的第一与第二部位之间的传质区段的共同作用下仍可有甲烷从低压塔的下部区域漏出及又以并非不如人意地高的浓度存在于氪-氙浓缩物中。
“传质区段”可由层板、填充物和/或有序的填料(Packung)构成。它例如具有1至10个、优选2至6个理论的或实际的层板的范围。(对于在相关区段中仅使用实际层板作为传质元件的情况，适合用实际层板数目的陈述；如果使用填料、填充物或各种类型的传质元件的组合时，则使用理论层板的陈述。)
第二冷凝器-蒸发器优选作为副冷凝器被设置在低压塔的外部并且被构造成浴蒸发器。
第一冷凝器-蒸发器可被设置在低压塔的内部或外部。在低压塔的第一与第二部位之间的传质区段可如低压塔的其它区段那样设置在同一容器中或也可设置在一个单独的容器中。
第二冷凝器-蒸发器被加热，其方式优选是被冷凝的气体被导送通过其液化室。在此情况下例如涉及一种大致处于高压塔的工作压力下的气体，尤其涉及原料空气的一个分流。
在低压塔的第二与第一部位之间的传质区段中上升的甲烷优选与氧产品流一起离开低压塔。这或可液态地被提取、例如作为富氧液体的第二部分由低压塔的第一部位被提取，或作为气体流由低压塔的同一位置或一个处于较高的位置提取。
原则上，通常被称为双塔系统的主冷凝器的第一冷凝器-蒸发器可以以任何公知的方式实施，例如作为降膜式蒸发器。但在本发明中更有利的是，它作为浴蒸发器来实现，因为由此可在那里以可靠的方式实现氪及氙相对高的富集(Anreicherung)。
对由第一冷凝器-蒸发器的蒸发室提取液体附加地或变换地，从高压塔提取另一含氪及氙的流及将其导入第二冷凝器-蒸发器的蒸发室中。
以此方式，包含在原料空气中的氪及氙的大部分直接地到达第二冷凝器-蒸发器，而非首先流经低压塔。因此很少的氪及氙随着低压塔的产品流失。并且比氧难挥发的其它物质如碳氢化合物或N2O不会到达低压塔的池槽及第一冷凝器-蒸发器。
有利的是，另一含氪及氙的流在其导入第二冷凝器-蒸发器的蒸发室的上游被导送通过一个净化级，该净化级尤其被构造成汽提塔，所述另一含氪及氙的流液态地被输送到该净化级的顶部。这种附加的塔被详细地描述在DE 10332863A1中。
优选使用在第二冷凝器-蒸发器的蒸发室中形成的气体的至少一部分作为汽提塔的上升的蒸汽。
所述另一含氪及氙的流可在其导入一个净化装置的第二冷凝器-蒸发器的蒸发室的上游或在净化级的上游在第三冷凝器-蒸发器中、尤其在一个粗氩塔的顶部冷凝器中被部分地蒸发。剩余的液态部分则导入净化级或第二冷凝器-蒸发器。
附图说明
以下借助附图中所示的实施例来详细描述本发明的优点及其它的细节。附图中表示：
图1：根据本发明的方法的无氩获取装置的第一实施例；及
图2：根据本发明的方法的有氩获取装置的第一实施例。
具体实施方式
被压缩及被净化的原料空气(1)的第一部分1A被导入到一个用于氮-氧分离的精馏系统中，该精馏系统具有一个高压塔(2)、一个低压塔(3)及一个主冷凝器(“第一冷凝器-蒸发器”)4，该主冷凝器在该例中被构造成降膜式蒸发器。高压塔顶部的气态氮5的第一部分6被导入主冷凝器4的冷凝室。在那里形成的冷凝液7的第一部分8作为回流输送给高压塔。第二部分9通过一个节流阀10在低压塔的顶部输入低压塔3。高压塔顶部的气态氮5的另一部分11被导入一个未示出的循环回路，在那里被液化及通过管路12作为附加回流输送给高压塔2。
由高压塔2的池槽上部的大约3至5个理论的或实际的层板提取富集氧的液体40，该液体基本上无难以挥发的成分并且通过一个节流阀41在一个中间部位上输送给低压塔。
由低压塔3的顶部提取作为产品(GAN)或剩余气体的气态氮32。由低压塔的第一部位取出富氧的液体42及将其第一部分43再输入到低压塔3的一个位于传质区段44下方的第二部位上。该旁通量43及由此在传质区段44中的回流比例将通过一个旁通阀46来调节。
所述富氧液体42的第二部分45将受到一个内压缩(internalcompression)，其方式是它在一个泵47中被置于所期望的产品压力及通过管路48(LOX-IC)输送到一个或多个热交换器、例如输送到在其中也冷却原料空气1的主热交换器系统。在那里它被蒸发(或——在超临界产品压力下——伪蒸发)，被加热到大致环境温度上及最终作为气态的压力产品输出。
蒸发及加热例如可以与一个高压空气流的间接热交换进行。为此在该实施例中使用以管路11及12表示的氮循环回路。
在传质区段44的下方提取另一液体35，借助另一泵36通过管路37输送到主冷凝器4的蒸发室及在那里部分地被蒸发。在此情况下形成的蒸汽-液体混合物38部分地流回到低压塔3的池槽。剩余的其它液态部份通过管路138导入一个第二冷凝器-蒸发器、即副冷凝器27的蒸发室中。在副冷凝器中部分地蒸发后，剩余的液态馏份被作为氪-氙浓缩物125从副冷凝器27的蒸发室取出(Crude-Kr-Xe)。
副冷凝器27可用任何适合的馏份来加热。在该实施例中冷的原料空气1的一部分1B被用作加热介质。(对此可变换地使用来自高压塔的任何其它馏份，例如高压塔2顶部的压缩氮)。在副冷凝器27中液化的空气29被导入到高压塔2中气态空气1以上的几个层板上。
富集氧的池槽液体13作为“另外的含氪及氙的流”被从高压塔2取出、在阀14中被减压及输送到一个附加塔(“汽提塔”)120的顶部，该附加塔作为“净化级”在与低压塔3大致相同的压力下工作。被净化的所述另外的含氪及氙的流121作为附加的或唯一的装填物被导入副冷凝器27的蒸发室。
在副冷凝器27的蒸发室中形成的气体30至少其一部分31作为上升的蒸汽被导入汽提塔120。由汽提塔120的顶部提取含氮的气体165及将其通过管路166在适当的部位上输送到低压塔3。
图2的实施例与图1的不同地具有一个氩获取装置。
通过一个氩转移管路48将含氩的馏份从低压塔3导入一个粗氩塔19中。含氩馏份48气态地在池槽的紧上方被导入粗氩塔19。上升的蒸汽中富集有氩。
在粗氩塔19的顶部产生出富集氩的蒸汽及在一个“第三冷凝器-蒸发器”、即粗氩冷凝器17中大部分被冷凝。在此产生的液体51作为回流液体被输送到粗氩塔19。粗氩塔19的池槽液体55流回到低压塔3中。
来自第三冷凝器-蒸发器17的液化室的剩余气态粗氩58必要时在一个精氩塔中再分离及尤其是去除易挥发的组分如氮(未示出)。
在此，富集氧的池槽液体13首先通过一个阀16作为冷却介质被导入粗氩冷凝器17的蒸发室。仅是剩余的液态部分26被输送给汽提塔120。在第三冷凝器-蒸发器17中部分蒸发时产生的蒸汽25被从第三冷凝器-蒸发器17的蒸发室取出及与汽提塔的顶部蒸汽一起通过管路165被输送到低压塔。

Claims (10)

1.通过空气的低温分离获取氪和/或氙的方法，其中
-将被压缩及被净化的原料空气(1，1A，1B，29)导入到一个用于氮-氧分离的精馏系统中，该精馏系统具有至少一个高压塔(2)及一个低压塔(3)，其中
-在一个第一部位上从低压塔(3)取出富氧的液体(42)，
-将富氧液体(42)的至少第一部分(43)在一个第二部位上再输送到低压塔，其中在低压塔的第一与第二部位之间设有一个传质区段(44)，
-由低压塔(3)的、设在第二部位的高度上或在其下面的第三部位提取另一液体(35)，将其导入一个第一冷凝器-蒸发器(4)的蒸发室及在那里部分地蒸发，及
-从第一冷凝器-蒸发器(4)的蒸发室提取含氪及氙的馏份(138)，
其特征在于：
-将所述含氪及氙的馏份(138)导入一个第二冷凝器-蒸发器(27)的蒸发室中，及
-从该第二冷凝器-蒸发器(27)提取氪-氙浓缩物(125)。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：第二冷凝器-蒸发器(27)由气体(1B)加热，该气体具有的压力大约等于高压塔的工作压力。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于：第二冷凝器-蒸发器(27)由原料空气(1)的一个分流(1B)加热。
4.根据权利要求1至3中一项的方法，其特征在于：富氧液体(42)的第二部分(45，48)由低压塔(3)的第一部位被提取和/或另一氧馏份由低压塔的第一部位的上方作为产品被提取。
5.根据权利要求1至3中一项的方法，其特征在于：第一冷凝器-蒸发器(4)被构造成浴蒸发器。
6.根据权利要求1至4中一项的方法，其特征在于：从高压塔(2)提取另一含氪及氙的流(13)并且将其导入(121)第二冷凝器-蒸发器(27)的蒸发室。
7.根据权利要求6的方法，其特征在于：所述另一含氪及氙的流(13，26)在其导入第二冷凝器-蒸发器(27)的蒸发室的上游被导送通过一个净化级。
8.根据权利要求7的方法，其特征在于：该净化级被构造成汽提塔(120)。
9.根据权利要求8的方法，其特征在于：在第二冷凝器-蒸发器(27)的蒸发室中形成的气体(30，31)至少部分地作为上升的蒸汽被导入汽提塔(120)中。
10.根据权利要求6至9中一项的方法，其特征在于：所述另一含氪及氙的流(13)在其导入第二冷凝器-蒸发器的蒸发室的上游或在净化级(120)的上游在一个第三冷凝器-蒸发器(17)中、尤其在一个粗氩塔(19)的顶部冷凝器中被部分地蒸发。
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CN115461584A (zh) * 2020-05-11 2022-12-09 普莱克斯技术有限公司 用于从中压低温空气分离单元回收氮、氩和氧的系统和方法

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