CN105375655B - Using the axial-flux electric machine of the soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction - Google Patents

Using the axial-flux electric machine of the soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction Download PDF

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CN105375655B
CN105375655B CN201510794930.3A CN201510794930A CN105375655B CN 105375655 B CN105375655 B CN 105375655B CN 201510794930 A CN201510794930 A CN 201510794930A CN 105375655 B CN105375655 B CN 105375655B
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core
iron
magnetic induction
high saturated
magnet
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CN105375655A (en
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严彪
严鹏飞
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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Abstract

The present invention relates to the axial-flux electric machines of the soft magnetic-powder core of application high saturated magnetic induction, and the soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction specifically is used for composite permanet magnet iron and/or iron core.Compared with prior art, after composite permanet magnet iron or high-power iron core being used for using the soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction, due to its high saturated magnetic induction, the stronger excitation flux density of stator can be excited using the excitation field of bigger under identical core material.Maximum excitation magnetic heave root is significantly greater than traditional amorphous iron core and newer stator without iron core according to theoretical calculation and experiment, and therefore, motor has higher output power.

Description

Using the axial-flux electric machine of the soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of motor, more particularly, to a kind of axial direction of the soft magnetic-powder core using high saturated magnetic induction Flux electric machine.
Background technology
It has been generally acknowledged that in the propulsion electric machine of low speed high torque, the torque density of transverse flux permanent magnetic motor can reach routine 3-6 times of motor.Electromagnetic coupling relation is not present in transverse flux permanent magnetic motor between phase and phase, can individually power per phase, this It even if meaning that certain mutually breaks down, can be cut off, mutually dropping power without influencing other continues to run with, and substantially increases The reliability of electric propulsion system.However common c-type topological structure transverse flux motor stator-rotor iron core generally uses soft iron Machined or suppressed by powder soft-magnetic composite material SMC, the magnetic property of both materials is all poorer than silicon steel sheet, and soft The eddy-current loss of iron is higher, and the electromagnetic performance which has limited transverse flux motor gives full play to.
102522834 A of Chinese patent CN disclose a kind of magneto, including stator base and circumferentially uniform It is fixed on at least one layer of annular stator magnetic pole being made of in the stator base several magnetic pole of the stator units;Further include rotor mother Plate and circumferentially uniformly it is fixed on at least one layer of annular rotor magnetic pole being made of on rotor motherboard several rotor magnetic pole units. The patent cancels the soft iron that transverse flux motor uses or the stator-rotor iron core formed by powder soft-magnetic composite material SMC compactings, Flexibly use the low-loss rotor silicon steel structure of high magnetic property.It overcomes the transverse magnetic of conventional c topological structure to be powered Machine stator-rotor iron core is difficult to take into account high magnetic conduction and low-loss deficiency, while has that structure design is flexibly simple, and assembling is simple, leads Magnetic stock utilization is high, good economy performance, the convenient processing and manufacture of motor.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide using high-saturation magnetic induction The axial-flux electric machine of the soft magnetic-powder core of intensity.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Using the axial-flux electric machine of logical soft magnetic-powder core, the soft magnetic-powder core of the high saturated magnetic induction is for compound On permanent magnet and/or iron core.
The soft magnetic-powder core of the high saturated magnetic induction has larger saturation induction density and smaller vortex Loss, magnetic induction intensity 1.5-2.0T.And the soft magnetic-powder core of the high saturated magnetic induction is used to use powder metallurgy Or 3D printing, it more can freely make 3D shape, and more than traditional two-dimensional structure.
Market common materials may be employed in the soft magnetic-powder core of the high saturated magnetic induction, can also as needed certainly Row is prepared, it is only necessary to while there is larger saturation induction density and smaller eddy-current loss.
In the case of the soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction is used for composite permanet magnet iron, composite permanet magnet iron includes following Two kinds of structures:
The first structure:The composite permanet magnet iron by the soft magnetic-powder core of Permanent-magnet layer and high saturated magnetic induction layer by layer Shape overlaps composition, and at least 2 layers.Laminating type can use adhesives if needed by magnetic attraction.It is described Permanent magnet there is high remanent magnetism (minimum in 1.3T or so), be preferably rare-earth permanent magnet.And Permanent-magnet layer and high saturation magnetic The thickness ratio of the soft magnet powder sandwich layer of induction is preferably 2:1.
Second of structure:In order to strengthen work flux density, consider construction Halbach operating fields, therefore, it is described it is compound forever Magnet is layer structure, and each layer is by plane gear ring and is embedded in the permanent magnetism that N, S grades of circle alternates arrange on plane gear ring Body is formed, due to the Halbach magnetic fields needed for characteristic of the magnetic circuit, that is, self-assembling formation inside powder core.The plane gear ring is by height The soft magnetic-powder core of saturation induction density is formed, and ortho position permanent magnet N, S reversely magnetize.
The plane gear ring uses the structure of single side gear ring or two-sided gear ring, since plane gear ring is complicated three-dimensional knot Structure for the soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction, can use powder metallurgy or 3D printing method very easily Manufacture, and traditional magnetic material makes the shape more difficulty or even can not manufacture.
When the composite permanet magnet iron is as motor end face rotor, using single side gear ring structure so that composite permanet magnet iron It is the back side of single side gear ring on one side, i.e., using the soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction as back iron, the external world is played every magnetic Effect, make leakage field near minimum, the another side of composite permanet magnet iron is inlaid with permanent magnet;
When the composite permanet magnet iron is as motor center roller, in a manner that single side gear ring and double cog loop knot close, So that the two sides of composite permanet magnet iron is inlaid with permanent magnet.
In the case of the soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction is used for iron core, iron core is high-power iron core, including Following two structures:
The first structure:By several segmental core monomers, circumferentially formula laying forms the iron core, described Segmental core monomer side flat-wise coil, the segmental core monomer are made of the soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction.
It should be noted that due to its high saturated magnetic induction, bigger can be used under identical core material Excitation field is to excite the stronger excitation flux density of stator.Maximum excitation magnetic heave root is significantly greater than tradition according to theoretical calculation and experiment Amorphous iron core and newer stator without iron core, therefore, motor have higher output power.Increase excitation field mainly to pass through It improves electric current and coil turn is realized.
Second of structure:The iron core is made of plane gear ring and the coil being wrapped on plane gear ring, and coil is root Enter plane gear ring according to the shape customization skeleton coiling rear enclosure of plane gear ring, the plane gear ring is by high saturated magnetic induction Soft magnetic-powder core is made.
For the motor of various situations, the plane gear ring is single side gear ring or two-sided gear ring, for two-sided gear ring, two The tooth in face can align, and can also be staggered.Larger plane gear ring can not be produced for small-sized press, it can be to plane teeth Circle progress circumference equal dividing splits into smaller component and processing is formed.
It can be the structure of individual layer for the overall structure of axial-flux electric machine, can also be the structure of multilayer series connection, These structures have presentation in pervious disc type electric machine and axial-flux electric machine, are conventional arrangement, details are not described herein again.It is described Composite permanet magnet iron and iron core one be used as stator, it is another to be used as rotor.
For the situation of individual layer, the composite permanent magnet of the first structure and the iron core of the first structure have such as been used, has been added Auxiliary support can build any type of motor;Such as using the composite permanent magnet of second of structure and the iron of the first structure Core adds Auxiliary support, and it is the motors that single or double composite permanent magnet rotor, centre are iron core stator that can build end face, Or end face is stator, centre is that (if the situation, then single p-m rotor is necessary for the motor of single composite permanent magnet rotor There is magnetic isolation plate to reduce outwardly leakage field, and magnetic isolation plate must be rotated with rotor);The composite permanent magnet of second of structure is such as used, And composite permanet magnet iron as motor center roller when, while use the iron core of the first structure or second of structure as stator iron Core adds Auxiliary support, can build the electric machine structure that end face is bimorph transducer.For the situation of multilayer, the feelings of both ends and individual layer Shape is consistent, for interlayer, it is necessary to which (and composite permanet magnet iron is as motor center roller using the composite permanent magnet of second of structure When structure qualification) and the iron core of the first structure or second of structure.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1st, the soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction of the invention may be used in powder metallurgy or 3D printing, Ke Yigeng Freely to make 3D shape, and more than traditional two-dimensional structure, it is therefore possible to use the high-saturation magnetic induction of the present invention The soft magnetic-powder core of intensity makes variously-shaped or structure composite permanet magnet iron or high-power iron core, for high-power axial magnetic flux Motor.
2nd, after being used for composite permanet magnet iron or high-power iron core using the soft magnetic-powder core of the high saturated magnetic induction of the present invention, Due to its high saturated magnetic induction, using the excitation field of bigger stator can be excited stronger under identical core material Excitation flux density.Maximum excitation magnetic heave root is significantly greater than traditional amorphous iron core and newer iron-free according to theoretical calculation and experiment Core stator, therefore, motor have higher output power.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is segmental core monomer structure schematic diagram in embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is core structure schematic diagram in embodiment 2;
Fig. 3 is single side plane gear ring structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is two-sided planar gear ring structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is composite permanet magnet iron construction schematic diagram in embodiment 3;
Fig. 6 is composite permanet magnet iron construction schematic diagram in embodiment 4;
Fig. 7 for composite permanet magnet iron as motor end face rotor when structure diagram;
Fig. 8 for composite permanet magnet iron as motor center roller when structure diagram;
Fig. 9 is electric machine structure schematic diagram one in embodiment 5;
Figure 10 is electric machine structure schematic diagram two in embodiment 5;
Figure 11 is electric machine structure schematic diagram three in embodiment 5;
Figure 12 is electric machine structure schematic diagram four in embodiment 5;
Figure 13 is electric machine structure schematic diagram five in embodiment 5;
Figure 14 is electric machine structure schematic diagram six in embodiment 5.
In figure, 1 is segmental core monomer, and 2 be coil, and 3 be plane gear ring, and 4 be Permanent-magnet layer, and 5 be soft magnet powder sandwich layer, 6 For permanent magnet blocks.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
The soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction is used for high-power iron core, is subsequently used in high-power axial-flux electric machine.
By several segmental core monomers, circumferentially formula laying forms iron core, as shown in Figure 1, segmental core monomer 1 Side flat-wise coil 2, segmental core monomer 1 are made of 1k101 high saturated magnetic induction amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic powder cores.
In the present embodiment, segmental core monomer 1 is fan-shaped for strip so that motor obtains more numbers of pole-pairs, in addition, its two The fillet at end and scallop are tangent, to facilitate coiling winding, and facilitate die sinking press process.If it is necessary, two fan-shaped straight flanges Certain orthodrome can be presented, to be more suitable for winding coiling, in addition, the present embodiment is using direct in 1 side of segmental core monomer The method of coiling, saves skeleton, to obtain greater compactness of volume and higher performance, so the embodiment uses insulation winding.
Embodiment 2
By 1k101 high saturated magnetic induction amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetics powder core for high-power iron core, as shown in Fig. 2, iron Core is made of plane gear ring 3 and the coil being wrapped on plane gear ring 2, and coil 2 is customized according to the shape of tooth on plane gear ring Skeleton coiling rear enclosure enters plane gear ring, and plane gear ring is made of 1k101 high saturated magnetic induction amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic powder cores.
As shown in figure 3, plane gear ring 3 is single side gear ring, as shown in figure 4, plane gear ring 3 is two-sided gear ring, for two-sided Gear ring, the tooth on two sides can align, can also be staggered.Larger plane gear ring can not be produced for small-sized press, it can be with Smaller component is split into plane gear ring progress circumference equal dividing, processing is formed.
Embodiment 3
As shown in figure 5, composite permanet magnet iron is by Permanent-magnet layer 4 and 1k101 high saturated magnetic induction amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetics 5 stratiform of powder core layer overlaps composition, and at least 2 layers.Laminating type can use adhesive if needed by magnetic attraction It bonds.In the present embodiment, permanent magnet has the characteristics that high remanent magnetism (minimum is in 1.3T or so), is preferably rare-earth permanent magnet.And permanent magnetism The thickness ratio of the soft magnet powder sandwich layer of body layer and high saturated magnetic induction is preferably 2:1.
Embodiment 4
The soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction is used for composite permanet magnet iron.
In order to strengthen work flux density, construction Halbach operating fields are considered, therefore, composite permanet magnet iron is in the present embodiment Layer structure, as shown in fig. 6, each layer is by plane gear ring 3 and is embedded in what N, S grades of circle alternates on plane gear ring arranged Permanent magnet blocks 6 are formed, due to the Halbach magnetic fields needed for characteristic of the magnetic circuit, that is, self-assembling formation inside powder core.Wherein, plane teeth Circle is made using 1k101 high saturated magnetic induction amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic powder cores, and ortho position permanent magnet N, S reversely magnetize.
Wherein, plane gear ring 3 uses the structure of single side gear ring or two-sided gear ring, since plane gear ring is complicated three-dimensional knot Structure for the soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction, can use powder metallurgy or 3D printing method very easily Manufacture, and traditional magnetic material makes the shape more difficulty or even can not manufacture.
When composite permanet magnet iron is as motor end face rotor, using structure as shown in Figure 7, i.e., using single side gear ring structure, So that the one side of composite permanet magnet iron is the back side of single side gear ring, i.e., using the soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction as back iron, Play the role of the external world every magnetic, make leakage field near minimum, the another side of composite permanet magnet iron is inlaid with permanent magnet;
When composite permanet magnet iron is as motor center roller, since two sides being needed all to provide air-gap field, using such as Fig. 8 institutes Show structure, i.e., in a manner that single side gear ring and double cog loop knot close so that the two sides of composite permanet magnet iron is inlaid with permanent magnet. In this case, for the ease of process and assemble, the soft magnet powder sandwich layer of one section of end face, which may be employed, has two-sided gear ring feature, warp Theoretical modeling and experimental result, the compound magnet magnetic field of this kind of mode have better sine.
Embodiment 5
The motor knot of figure below signal can be realized using the axial-flux electric machine of the soft magnetic-powder core of high saturated magnetic induction Structure.Fig. 9-Figure 12 is the situation that individual layer can be implemented.Fig. 9 and Figure 10 is the distributed iron core and permanent magnetism individual layer side that may be employed Case, two schemes are all 3 phase direct current generators.
Motor shown in Fig. 9, it is as stator using iron core described in embodiment 1 to be characterized in both ends, and centre is using implementation Composite permanet magnet iron described in example 3 is as rotor, preferred single side powder core number:Composite permanet magnet number=3:2.Both ends stator is using implementation The distributed powder core (shown in Fig. 1) of example 1, circumference array are placed, and are whole (preferred solid with electrically insulating material curing molding Change material be reinforced compoite resin material, solidification temperature<120 DEG C), center roller is using the composite permanet magnet iron shown in embodiment 3 (as shown in Figure 5) is spliced, and two end faces are all permanent-magnet surfaces, and ortho position magnet N, S reversely magnetize.
Motor shown in Fig. 10, it is to make rotor using composite permanet magnet iron described in embodiment 3 to be characterized in both ends, and centre is to use Iron core described in embodiment 1 is as stator, preferred powder core number:Single side composite permanet magnet number=3:2.Stator and rotor and Fig. 9 Structure is similar, and difference is the composite permanet magnet iron of both ends stator, and what it is to stator is permanent magnetism dignity on one side, and another side is soft magnetic-powder core Face so helps and strengthens work flux density, reduces leakage field.
Figure 11 and 12 is the single-layer schemes for the Halbach composite permanet magnets and plane teeth ring iron core that may be employed.
Motor shown in Figure 11, the left side are using single side plane teeth ring core structure powder core stator (Fig. 3 in embodiment 2 Shown, containing back-iron structures), the right side be using Halbach composite permanet magnets iron rotor shown in embodiment 4 (shown in Fig. 7, magnetic containing back iron Powder core), two back irons face outwardly as shown in the figure, this structure is used for relatively small power occasion.
Motor shown in Figure 12, end face are (shown in Fig. 7, containing back iron using Halbach composite permanent magnet rotors shown in embodiment 4 Powder core), centre is using two-sided planar gear ring sections cored structure powder core stator (shown in Fig. 4) in embodiment 2, two back irons It faces outwardly as shown in the figure, this structure is used for relatively powerful occasion.
Another end face is using single side plane teeth ring powder core stator in embodiment 2 (containing back-iron structures), and centre is Halbach composite permanent magnet rotors shown in embodiment 4 (are free of back iron powder core), and two back irons face outwardly, and this example is not drawn into, this Structure is also used for relatively powerful occasion.
Figure 13 and 14 is the multilayer scheme for the Halbach composite permanet magnets and plane teeth ring iron core that may be employed.
The above description of the embodiments is intended to facilitate ordinary skill in the art to understand and use the invention. Person skilled in the art obviously can easily make these embodiments various modifications, and described herein general Principle is applied in other embodiment without having to go through creative labor.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, abilities Field technique personnel announcement according to the present invention, improvement and modification made without departing from the scope of the present invention all should be the present invention's Within protection domain.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of axial-flux electric machine of soft magnetic-powder core using high saturated magnetic induction, which is characterized in that
Using high saturated magnetic induction soft magnetic-powder core axial-flux electric machine both ends using high-power iron core as stator, in Between using composite permanet magnet iron as rotor,
By several segmental core monomers, circumferentially formula laying forms high-power iron core, and with electrically insulating material curing molding For entirety, segmental core monomer side flat-wise coil, segmental core monomer is by high saturated magnetic induction amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Powder core is made;
By Permanent-magnet layer and high saturated magnetic induction amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic powder core, shape is overlapped and formed composite permanet magnet iron layer by layer, and Permanent-magnet layer is 4 layers, and high saturated magnetic induction amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic powder core layer is 3 layers, Permanent-magnet layer and high saturation magnetic strength The thickness ratio for answering the soft magnet powder sandwich layer of intensity is 2:1, composite permanet magnet iron uses splicing construction, and two end faces of composite permanet magnet iron are all Permanent-magnet surface, ortho position magnet N, S reversely magnetize;
The soft magnetic-powder core of the high saturated magnetic induction has larger saturation induction density and smaller eddy-current loss, Its magnetic induction intensity is 1.5-2.0T, specific to select 1k101 amorphous soft magnetic materials, and the soft magnetism of the high saturated magnetic induction Powder core is used for using powder metallurgy or 3D printing, more free making 3D shape.
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JP5502463B2 (en) * 2009-12-28 2014-05-28 株式会社日立産機システム Axial gap type rotating electric machine and rotor used therefor
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