CN105370678A - 用于连结工件的方法 - Google Patents

用于连结工件的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105370678A
CN105370678A CN201510484766.6A CN201510484766A CN105370678A CN 105370678 A CN105370678 A CN 105370678A CN 201510484766 A CN201510484766 A CN 201510484766A CN 105370678 A CN105370678 A CN 105370678A
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China
Prior art keywords
workpiece
fastening piece
head
linking method
bar portion
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CN201510484766.6A
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CN105370678B (zh
Inventor
Y.李
B.E.卡尔森
J.F.阿里内斯
S.S.李
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/14—Riveting machines specially adapted for riveting specific articles, e.g. brake lining machines
    • B21J15/147—Composite articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/027—Setting rivets by friction heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/12—Riveting machines with tools or tool parts having a movement additional to the feed movement, e.g. spin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/36—Rivet sets, i.e. tools for forming heads; Mandrels for expanding parts of hollow rivets
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0672—Spin welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29C65/0681—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding created by a tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/603—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined the rivets being pushed in blind holes
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    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7437—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc the tool being a perforating tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B29C66/81429—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/0036—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw
    • F16B25/0042—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw
    • F16B25/0052—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw the ridge having indentations, notches or the like in order to improve the cutting behaviour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B33/00—Features common to bolt and nut
    • F16B33/02—Shape of thread; Special thread-forms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
    • Y10T29/49943—Riveting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49954—Fastener deformed after application
    • Y10T29/49956—Riveting

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于连结工件的方法，该方法可用于使用紧固件连结工件。紧固件包括第一头部和从第一头部沿紧固件轴线延伸的杆部。连结方法包括在以下步骤：(a)让紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转；(b)在紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转时让紧固件朝向第一和第二工件运动，使得紧固件增加第一和第二工件中的温度，以便使得第一和第二工件变软且紧固件轴线穿透第一和第二工件；和(c)在紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转时让紧固件前进通过第一和第二工件且在穿透第一和第二工件之后朝向模具的敞开空腔运动，使得杆部部分地处于敞开空腔中，以便形成第二头部。

Description

用于连结工件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及连结至少两个工件的方法。
背景技术
在制造过程期间，工件有时需要连结在一起。例如，在车辆制造中，许多工件必须连结在一起，以便组装车辆车身以及车辆的其他部分。可使用几种过程将工件连结在一起。例如，粘接剂可被置于工件之间以连结它们。替换地，焊接可用于将工件连结在一起。
发明内容
紧固件可用于将工件联接在一起。为了维持紧固件的结构完整性，有用的是使得紧固件中的侵蚀最小化。为此，聚合物紧固件可用于将工件连结在一起。例如，通过采用下文所述的方法可将至少两个工件(例如碳纤维强化热朔性聚合物(CFRTP)板件)通过聚合物紧固件连结。
目前公开的连结方法使得紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转。紧固件可以完全或部分地用聚合物材料制造且包括从第一头部沿紧固件轴线延伸的第一头部和杆部。不管采用的具体材料，形成紧固件的材料的软化温度大于形成第一和第二工件的材料的软化温度。如在本文使用的，术语“软化温度”意味着材料软化时的温度。连结方法进一步包括让紧固件朝向第一和第二工件运动同时紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转。在紧固件旋转且前进通过第一和第二工件时，其在工件中产生摩擦，使得第一和第二工件中温度增加。该温度增加足以使得工件软化，由此允许紧固件在其直线地运动时穿透工件。紧固件连续前进通过第一和第二工件且在穿透第一和第二工件之后朝向模具的敞开空腔运动，而紧固件继续绕紧固件轴线旋转。由于其朝向模具的直线前进，紧固件的杆部最后部分地处于模具的敞开空腔中。紧固件的旋转和直线运动使得杆部摩擦接合模具。结果，杆部中的温度增加，由此软化杆部。因此，杆部的一部分需要模具的敞开空腔的形状且形成第二头部。紧固件的第二头部(以及第一头部)可夹持第一和第二工件。
在另一实施例中，第一和第二工件可使用另一紧固件连结。该紧固件用聚合物制造且包括从头部沿紧固件轴线延伸的头部和杆部。杆部限定第一杆部端部和与第一杆部端部相反的第二杆部端部。头部在第一杆部端部处联接到杆部。进一步地，紧固件包括锚固件，所述锚固件在第二杆部端部处联接到杆部。锚固件具有大致锥形形状。连结方法包括在以下步骤：(a)让紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转；(b)在紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转时让紧固件前进通过第一工件且进入第二工件，使得紧固件增加第一和第二工件中的温度，以便使得第一和第二工件软化并穿透第一和第二工件；和(c)让紧固件继续旋转和沿紧固件轴线朝向第二工件前进，直到在锚固件完全地经过第二工件之前锚固件至少部分地处于第二工件中。
本发明提供一种连结方法，包括：让紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转，其中紧固件包括第一头部和从第一头部沿紧固件轴线延伸的杆部；在紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转时让紧固件朝向第一工件和第二工件运动，使得紧固件增加第一和第二工件中的温度，以便使得第一和第二工件变软并沿紧固件轴线穿透第一和第二工件；和在紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转时，让紧固件前进通过第一和第二工件且在穿透第一和第二工件之后朝向模具的敞开空腔运动，使得杆部部分地处于敞开空腔中，以便形成第二头部；和其中第一工件用第一材料制造、第二工件用第二材料制造、且紧固件用第三材料制造，第一材料具有第一软化温度、第二材料具有第二软化温度，第三材料具有第三软化温度，且第三软化温度大于第一和第二软化温度。
所述的连结方法进一步包括让第一工件相对于第二工件运动，使得在将紧固件朝向第一和第二工件运动之前，第一工件至少部分地处于第二工件上方。
所述的连结方法进一步包括让第一和第二工件朝向模具运动，使得在第一工件保持至少部分地处于第二工件上方时第一和第二工件至少部分地处于模具上方。
在所述的连结方法中，第一和第二材料每一种具有范围为50摄氏度到330摄氏度的软化温度。
在所述的连结方法中，第一和第二材料每一种为碳纤维强化热朔性聚合物。
在所述的连结方法中，第三材料是聚合物材料。
在所述的连结方法中，模具用第四材料制造，且第四材料具有的熔化温度大于400摄氏度。
在所述的连结方法中，第一和第二材料每种为镁合金。
在所述的连结方法中，第三材料是铝合金。
在所述的连结方法中，敞开空腔具有凹面形状。
在所述的连结方法中，模具包括模具本体和从模具本体延伸经过敞开空腔的中心的突出部。
在所述的连结方法中，突出部具有带尖的形状。
在所述的连结方法中，模具限定与敞开空腔连通的槽道，其中槽道沿敞开空腔的中心设置。
在所述的连结方法中，紧固件包括沿杆部设置的多个非连接的带螺纹部分。
在所述的连结方法中，杆部具有大致三角形的横截面，三角形的横截面限定三个平坦表面和互连三个平坦表面的三个圆形角部。
在所述的连结方法中，非连接带螺纹部分沿三个圆形角部设置。
在所述的连结方法中，非连接带螺纹部分每一个包括相对于彼此沿相同高度设置的螺纹。
本发明提供一种工具组件，包括:模具，限定敞开空腔；支撑件，配置为沿工具轴线将紧固件与敞开空腔对准，其中紧固件包括第一头部和联接到第一头部的杆部；和
促动器，联接到支撑件，其中促动器配置为让紧固件绕工具轴线旋转且让紧固件沿工具轴线朝向模具运动，使得杆部部分地处于敞开空腔中，以便形成第二头部。
在所述的工具组件中支撑件配置为将紧固件与敞开空腔对准，使得工具轴线与敞开空腔中心相加。
本发明一种方法，包括：让紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转，其中紧固件用聚合物制造且包括头部和从头部沿紧固件轴线延伸的杆部，其中杆部限定第一杆部端部和与第一杆部端部相反的第二杆部端部，头部在第一杆部端部处联接到杆部，紧固件包括在第二杆部端部处联接到杆部的锚固件，且锚固件具有锥形形状；在紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转时让紧固件前进通过第一工件且进入第二工件，使得紧固件增加第一和第二工件中的温度，以便使得第一和第二工件软化并穿透第一和第二工件；和让紧固件继续旋转和沿紧固件轴线朝向第二工件前进，直到在锚固件完全地经过第二工件之前锚固件至少部分地处于第二工件中。
在下文结合附图进行的对实施本发明的较佳模式做出的详尽描述中能容易地理解上述的本发明的特征和优点以及其他的特征和优点。
附图说明
图1是连结组件的示意性分解横截面侧视图，所述连结组件包括紧固件、两个工件和模具，其中紧固件显示为在工件外部；
图2是图1的连结组件的示意性横截面侧视图，其中紧固件联接两个工件；
图3是根据本发明的另一实施例的连结组件的模具的示意性横截面侧视图；
图4是根据本发明的又一实施例的连结组件的模具的示意性横截面侧视图；
图5是根据本发明的另一实施例的连结组件的紧固件的示意性前部视图；
图6是图5所示的紧固件的示意性横截面俯视图；
图7是图5所示的紧固件的示意性透视图；
图8是图7所示的紧固件的杆部的示意性未包围视图；
图9是根据本发明的另一实施例的连结组件的示意性分解横截面侧视图，其中紧固件包括在工件外部的锚固件；
图10是图9的连结组件的示意性横截面侧视图，其中紧固件联接两个工件；
图11根据本发明另一实施例的紧固件的示意性横截面侧视图；和
图12是保持紧固件的工具组件的示意性前部视图。
具体实施方式
参见附图，其中在几幅图中相同的附图标记对应于相同的或相似的部件，且以图1和2开始，连结组件100可被用于连结至少两个工件104A、104B或其他合适部件。连结组件100包括紧固件102、第一工件104A、第二工件104B、和模具(die)106。紧固件102可以完全或部分地用聚合物材料制造，例如碳纤维强化热塑性聚合物(CFRTP)，以便使得侵蚀最小化。因而，紧固件102可以称为聚合物紧固件。作为非限制性的例子，紧固件102可以完全或部分地用超高分子量的聚乙烯(UHMWPE)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)或任何其他合适聚合物制造。替换地，紧固件102可以完全或部分地用例如铝合金这样的金属材料制造。
不管采用的具体材料如何，紧固件102包括头部114和联接到头部114的杆部116。在本发明中，头部114称为第一头部，因为紧固件102最终包括下文详细描述的另一头部。而且，头部114具有宽度(即头部宽度HW)且限定第一或顶部头部表面122和与第一头部表面122相反的第二或底部头部表面124。第一头部表面122可以具有基本上平坦的形状或圆顶形状，如所示的。此外，第一头部114包括与第一头部表面122和第二头部表面124互连的至少一个侧表面123。第一头部表面122可以具有大致凸面的形状，以便有助于夹持第一和第二工件104A、104B。紧固件102限定沿第二头部表面124延伸的头部空腔126。头部空腔126配置、成形且大小设置为从第一和第二工件104A、104B接收软化材料且可以具有环形形状。进一步地，头部空腔126可以布置在杆部116周围。
杆部116在第二头部表面124处联接到头部114且沿紧固件轴线F延伸。进一步地，杆部116限定第一杆部端部118和与第一杆部端部118相反的第二杆部端部120。头部114在第一杆部端部118处联接到杆部116。杆部116具有宽度(即杆部宽度SW)，其小于头部宽度HW。
第一和第二工件104A、104B可以配置为板件且可以具有大致平面的形状。然而，应理解，第一和第二工件104A、104B可以具有其他合适形状。第一和第二工件104A、104B可以用相同或不同材料制造。在一个实施例中，第一和第二工件104A、104B每一个完全或部分地用CFRTP制造。但是，应理解，第一和第二工件104A、104B可以完全地或部分地用其他材料制造，例如其他聚合物材料(例如热硬性塑料)或金属材料(例如镁合金)。不管采用的具体材料如何，形成第一和第二工件104A、104B的材料的软化温度或点小于形成紧固件102的材料的软化温度。如在本文使用的，术语“软化温度”意味着材料软化时的温度。软化温度例如可使用Vicat方法确定。
在本发明中，形成紧固件102的材料称为第一材料。形成第一工件104A的材料称为第二材料。形成第二工件104B的材料称为第三材料。进而，第一材料的软化温度称为第一软化温度。第二材料的软化温度称为第二软化温度，且第三材料的软化温度称为第三软化温度。在连结组件100中，第一软化温度(即紧固件102的软化温度)大于第二软化温度(即第一工件104A的软化温度)和第三软化温度(即第二工件104B的软化温度)，以便允许紧固件102穿透第一工件104A和第二工件104B，如在下文描述的。第二和第三软化温度(即第一和第二工件104A、104B的软化温度)可以相同或不同。第二和第三材料(即形成第一和第二工件104A、104B的材料)可以具有五十(50)摄氏度到三百三十(330)摄氏度范围的熔化或软化温度。作为非限制性的例子，第一和第二材料的熔化或软化温度可以为约两百(200)摄氏度。
连结组件100进一步包括用大致刚性材料制造的模具106，例如金属。在本发明中，形成模具106的材料称为第四材料且该材料具有大于四百(400)摄氏度的熔化温度。模具106完全或部分地用具有的软化温度比形成紧固件102、第一工件104和第二工件104B的材料的软化温度高得多的材料制造。模具106包括模具本体108且限定了延伸到模具本体108中的敞开空腔110。模具本体108具有限定了敞开空腔110的内模具表面112。敞开空腔110配置、成形且大小设置为在将杆部116以预定旋转和直线平移速度压入敞开空腔110时将杆部116的第二端120重新形成为第二头部125，如下文详细描述的。在所示实施例中，敞开空腔110具有空腔宽度OW。空腔宽度OW大于杆部宽度SW，以便允许杆部116被敞开空腔110接收。模具106可以进一步包括从模具本体108延伸的突出部128。突出部128可以具有大致锥形或带尖的形状且位于敞开空腔110的中心C处。敞开空腔110的中心C在空腔宽度OW的中间。在连结组件100中，紧固件轴线F基本上对准(且相交)敞开空腔110的中心C。
参考图1，本发明涉及使用紧固件102连结至少两个工件(即第一和第二工件104A、104B)的方法。如上所述，第一和第二工件104A、104B可以是CFRTP板件。首先，第一工件104A相对于第二工件104B运动，以便将第一工件104A至少部分地定位在第二工件104B上方，如图1所示。进一步地，在第一工件104A保持至少部分地处于第二工件104B上方时，第一和第二工件104A、104B朝向模具106运动，以便将它们至少部分地定位在模具106上方，如图1所示。紧固件102朝向第一和第二工件104A、104B运动，以便将其定位在模具106、第一工件104A和第二工件104B上方，如图1所示。此时，紧固件轴线F(其沿杆部116延伸)应该与第一工件104A、第二工件104B、敞开空腔110的中心C和突出部128相交。
在将紧固件102定位在第一和第二工件104A、104B上方之后，紧固件102绕紧固件轴线F沿箭头R所示方向旋转。虽然图1显示了具体旋转方向R，但是应理解紧固件102可绕紧固件轴线F沿相反旋转方向旋转。马达或任何合适促动器可用于让紧固件102绕紧固件轴线F旋转。在一个实施例中，紧固件102以三千(3000)转每分钟(RPM)的转速旋转，以便允许紧固件102穿透第一和第二工件104A、104B，如下文所述。紧固件102还沿紧固件轴线F朝向第一和第二工件104A、104B直线地运动，而紧固件102绕紧固件轴线F旋转。具体说，紧固件102沿箭头V所示的方向朝向第一工件104A和第二工件104B前进。作为非限制性的例子，紧固件102可以以六十(60)毫米(mm)每分钟的速度直线地运动，以便穿透第一和第二工件104A、104A。紧固件102的旋转和直线运动可同时地或相继地开始。
紧固件102连续前进和旋转穿过第一和第二工件104A、104B。由于其穿过第一和第二工件104A、104B的旋转和直线运动，紧固件102增加第一和第二工件104A、104B的温度，由此使得沿紧固件轴线F设置的第一和第二工件104A、104B的材料软化(或甚至熔化)。因而，紧固件102的旋转和平移将第一和第二工件104A、104B的温度增加并至少超过形成第一和第二工件104A、104B的材料的软化温度。通过其继续直线前进和旋转，紧固件102沿紧固件轴线F穿透第一和第二工件104A、104B。然而，应理解，在让紧固件102运动穿过第一和第二工件104A、104B之前可在第一和第二工件104A、104B中预先形成(例如预先钻出)孔。例如，如果第一和第二工件104A、104B完全或部分地用金属或热硬化性复合材料制造，有用的是在将紧固件102运动穿过第一和第二工件104A、104B之前在第一和第二工件104A、104B中预先钻出孔。不管采用的具体材料如何，形成紧固件102的材料的软化温度大于形成第一和第二工件104A、104B的材料的软化温度，以便在不预先钻孔的情况下允许紧固件102在其旋转和经过第一和第二工件104A、104B时保持其刚度。而且，形成紧固件102的材料的熔化温度大于形成第一和第二工件104A、104B的材料的熔化温度，以便允许紧固件102穿过第一和第二工件104A、104B而基本不损失其几何尺寸。作为非限制性的例子，形成第一和第二工件104A、104B的材料的软化温度可以是在五十(50)摄氏度到三百三十(330)摄氏度的范围，且形成紧固件102的材料的软化温度可以是两百(200)和三百七十五(375)摄氏度的范围。
在穿透第一和第二工件104A、104B之后，紧固件102连续朝向模具106直线地前进而紧固件102绕紧固件轴线F旋转。具体说，紧固件102朝向敞开空腔110直线地运动，以便将杆部116的一部分定位在敞开空腔110中。在图1所示的实施例中，紧固件102朝向敞开空腔110运动，使得第二杆部端部120接触且摩擦接合突出部128。突出部128的带尖形状造成的第二杆部端部120中的应力集中有助于模具106形成第二头部125。由此，因为在紧固件102旋转且强力地朝向模具106运动时杆部116部分地处于敞开空腔110中，所以杆部116的一部分软化且获得敞开空腔110的形状，以便形成第二头部125。因为模具106和杆部116之间的摩擦有助于形成第二头部125，所以模具106称为摩擦成形模具。在紧固件102旋转且前进进入敞开空腔110时，杆部116(尤其是围绕第二杆部端部120的部分)的温度增加。在该太特定时刻，杆部116的一部分的温度增加超过形成紧固件102的材料的软化温度，以便允许第二杆部端部120变软且获得敞开空腔110的形状。然而，在杆部116和内模具表面112之间产生摩擦时，模具106不软化或熔化。为了在紧固件102将力施加到内模具表面112时防止模具106熔化(或软化)，形成模具106的材料的熔化温度例如可以大于四百(400)摄氏度。还期望的是用基本上刚性的材料制造模具106，以便在长期使用之后使得磨损最小化。
参考图2，第二头部125具有宽度DW，所述宽度等于或基本上等于敞开空腔110的空腔宽度OW。因而，第二头部125的宽度DW大于杆部116的宽度SW。紧固件102的第一头部114和第二头部125的形状和尺寸有助于夹持第一和第二工件104A、104B。具体说，第二头部125可以具有基本上凸面的形状，以产生用于第一和第二工件104A、104B之间的紧固连结的期望载荷承载量。为了形成该凸面形状，敞开空腔110(图1)具有基本上凹面的形状，但其中心除外，该中心具有突出部128。然而，敞开空腔110可以具有其他合适形状。例如，代替突出部128，敞开空腔110可以限定沿敞开空腔110的中心C延伸进入模具本体108中的槽道111，如图3所示。限定槽道111的内壁113可以基本上平行于紧固件轴线F或与紧固件轴线F成小的非零角度，如图所示，以有助于在连结完成时将模具106和第二头部125脱开。在相对更少的材料(与之前实施例相比)必须被软化(或甚至熔化)以便形成第二头部125时，槽道111与敞开空腔110连通且可并入到模具106中。替换地，模具106不是必须包括突出部128或槽道111，如图4所示。
参考图5-8，另一紧固件202可被用于联接第一工件104A到第二工件104B。紧固件202类似于如上所述的紧固件102。简要来说，在下文仅描述与紧固件102的特征不同的紧固件202的特征。紧固件202包括第一头部214和从第一头部214延伸的杆部216。与紧固件102类似，第一头部214限定第一或顶部头部表面222和与第一头部表面222相反的第二或底部头部表面224。第一头部表面222可以具有基本上平坦的形状或圆顶形状，如所示的。此外，第一头部214包括与第一头部表面222和第二头部表面224互连的至少一侧表面223。紧固件202限定沿第二头部表面224延伸的头部空腔226。头部空腔226配置、成形且大小设置为从第一和第二工件104A、104B接收软化或熔化的材料。
杆部216限定第一杆部端部218和与第一杆部端部218相反的第二杆部端部220。如图6所示，杆部216具有大致三角形的横截面。该大致三角形的横截面通过三个平坦表面230和三个圆形角部(其将三个平坦表面230互连)限定。在紧固件202旋转且前进通过第一和第二工件104A、104B时，三个平坦表面230允许来自第一和第二工件104A、104B的软化或熔化的材料朝向头部空腔226流动。圆形角部232有助于在紧固件202前进通过第一和第二工件104A、104B时让形成第一和第二工件104A、104B的材料软化。
杆部216进一步包括沿杆部216设置的多个非连接的带螺纹部分234。在所示实施例中，每一个带螺纹部分234从第二杆部端部220朝向第一杆部端部218延伸。应注意，带螺纹部分234源自第二杆部端部220但不是必须覆盖第一和第二杆部端部218和220之间的整个杆部长度。然而，在所示实施例中，带螺纹部分234并不沿杆部216的整个周向延伸。每一个带螺纹部分234沿杆部216的其中一个圆形角部232设置。而且，如图8所示，带螺纹部分234中的螺纹236布置在基本上相同的高度水平L(即相同高度)，以便防止紧固件202旋拧到第一和第二工件104A、104B以外。
参考图9和10，另一紧固件302可被用于联接第一工件104A到第二工件104B。简要来说，在下文仅描述与紧固件102和紧固件202的特征不同的紧固件302的特征。紧固件302包括头部314和联接到头部314的杆部316。头部314在第一杆部端部318处联接到杆部316。进一步地，头部314限定头部空腔326，所述头部空腔配置、成形且大小设置为从第一和第二工件104A、104B接收软化或熔化的材料。紧固件302还包括锚固件315，所述锚固件在第二杆部端部320处联接到杆部316。在所示实施例中，锚固件315具有大致锥形或带尖的形状。不管形状如何，锚固件315配置为穿过第一工件104A的整个厚度且嵌入第二工件104B，以便将第一和第二工件104A、104B联接在一起。
本发明还涉及使用紧固件302连结第一和第二工件104A、104B的方法。首先，第一工件104A相对于第二工件104B运动，以便将第一工件104A至少部分地定位在第二工件104B上方，如图9所示。紧固件302朝向第一和第二工件104A、104B运动，以便将其定位在第一工件104A和第二工件104B上方，如图9所示。在该特定时刻，紧固件轴线F(其沿杆部316延伸)应该与第一工件104A和第二工件104B相交。
在将紧固件302定位在第一和第二工件104A、104B上方之后，紧固件302绕紧固件轴线F沿箭头R所示方向旋转。马达或任何合适促动器可用于让紧固件302绕紧固件轴线F旋转。在紧固件302绕紧固件轴线F旋转时，紧固件302还沿紧固件轴线F朝向第一和第二工件104A、104B直线地运动。具体说，紧固件302沿箭头V所示的方向朝向第一工件104A和第二工件104B前进。
紧固件302连续前进和旋转穿过第一和第二工件104A、104B。由于其穿过第一和第二工件104A、104B的旋转和直线运动，紧固件302增加第一和第二工件104A、104B的温度，由此使得沿紧固件轴线F设置的第一和第二工件104A、104B的材料软化(或甚至熔化)(即被软化或熔化的材料M)。因而，紧固件302的旋转和平移将第一和第二工件104A、104B的温度增加至少超过形成第一和第二工件104A、104B的材料的软化温度。通过其继续直线前进和旋转，紧固件302沿紧固件轴线F穿透第一和第二工件104A、104B。不管采用的具体材料如何，形成紧固件302的材料的软化温度大于形成第一和第二工件104A、104B的材料的软化温度，以便允许紧固件302在其旋转和穿过第一和第二工件104A、104B时保持其刚度。
紧固件302连续旋转且沿紧固件轴线F直线地朝向第二工件104B前进，直到在锚固件315完全地处于第二工件104B外部之前锚固件315至少部分地处于第二工件104B中。换句话说，紧固件302沿紧固件轴线F连续旋转且直线地前进，直到在锚固件315完全地经过第二工件104B之前锚固件315至少部分地处于第二工件104B中。在所示实施例中，紧固件302连续旋转且直线地朝向第二工件104B前进，直到锚固件315完全地处于第二工件104中而锚固件315没有任何部分处于第一工件104A中。在杆部316周围的第一和第二工件104A、104B的被软化材料M有助于将锚固件315固定到第二工件104A。进一步地，被软化的材料M被捕获在头部空腔326中，由此将紧固件302固定到第一工件104A。
参考图11，另一紧固件402可被用于联接第一工件104A到第二工件104B。简要来说，在下文仅描述与紧固件102、202和302不同的紧固件402的特征。紧固件402包括头部414、联接到头部414的杆部416和联接到杆部416的锚固件415。此外，紧固件402包括联接到头部414的柱417。柱417从头部414延伸离开杆部416且可以完全或部分地用聚合物材料制造，例如碳复合材料或金属材料。柱417可配置为柱杆且可用于将其他物体附接到紧固件402，例如电线或其他部件。柱417可以模制到头部414中。一旦紧固件402联接到第一和第二工件104A、104B，则柱417可以在第一和第二工件104A、104B外部。紧固件402通常附接到一个工件。虽然其也可用于将至少两个工件连结在一起，但是紧固件402可用于将通过柱携带的部件固定到工件。本文所述的任何紧固件可以包括柱417。
参考图12，工具组件500可用于有助于将紧固件202(或任何其他紧固件)与模具106对准。工具组件500包括支撑件502，例如机器人手臂或手持C类型工具，其配置为沿工具轴线T保持和对准紧固件202和促动器504。促动器504可以是伺服马达且配置为让紧固件202绕工具轴线T旋转。进一步地，促动器504可让紧固件202沿工具轴线T朝向和离开模具106的敞开空腔110直线地运动。工具轴线T基本上对准模具106且与敞开空腔110的中心C相交。有用的是将紧固件202与模具106对准，以便使得紧固件202的效能最大化。紧固件202(或任何其他紧固件)可以被认为是工具组件500的一部分。工具组件500也可以加热模具106，以便有助于形成第二头部125(图2)。
尽管已经对执行本发明的较佳模式进行了详尽的描述，但是本领域技术人员可得知在所附的权利要求的范围内的用来实施本发明的许多替换设计和实施例。

Claims (10)

1.一种连结方法，包括：
让紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转，其中紧固件包括第一头部和从第一头部沿紧固件轴线延伸的杆部；
在紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转时让紧固件朝向第一工件和第二工件运动，使得紧固件增加第一和第二工件中的温度，以便使得第一和第二工件变软并沿紧固件轴线穿透第一和第二工件；和
在紧固件绕紧固件轴线旋转时，让紧固件前进通过第一和第二工件且在穿透第一和第二工件之后朝向模具的敞开空腔运动，使得杆部部分地处于敞开空腔中，以便形成第二头部；和
其中第一工件用第一材料制造、第二工件用第二材料制造、且紧固件用第三材料制造，第一材料具有第一软化温度、第二材料具有第二软化温度，第三材料具有第三软化温度，且第三软化温度大于第一和第二软化温度。
2.如权利要求1所述的连结方法，进一步包括让第一工件相对于第二工件运动，使得在将紧固件朝向第一和第二工件运动之前，第一工件至少部分地处于所述第二工件上方。
3.如权利要求2所述的连结方法，进一步包括让第一和第二工件朝向模具运动，使得在第一工件保持至少部分地处于第二工件上方时第一和第二工件至少部分地处于模具上方。
4.如权利要求1所述的连结方法，其中第一和第二材料每一种具有范围为50摄氏度到330摄氏度的软化温度。
5.如权利要求1所述的连结方法，其中第一和第二材料每一种为碳纤维强化热塑性聚合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的连结方法，其中第三材料是聚合物材料。
7.如权利要求1所述的连结方法，其中模具用第四材料制造，且第四材料具有的熔化温度大于400摄氏度。
8.如权利要求1所述的连结方法，其中第一和第二材料每种为镁合金。
9.如权利要求8所述的连结方法，其中第三材料是铝合金。
10.如权利要求1所述的连结方法，其中敞开空腔具有凹面形状。
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