CN105355247A - Novel molten salt reactor energy transmission system with supercritical carbon dioxide - Google Patents
Novel molten salt reactor energy transmission system with supercritical carbon dioxide Download PDFInfo
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- CN105355247A CN105355247A CN201510802867.3A CN201510802867A CN105355247A CN 105355247 A CN105355247 A CN 105355247A CN 201510802867 A CN201510802867 A CN 201510802867A CN 105355247 A CN105355247 A CN 105355247A
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- regenerator
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- temperature side
- outlet
- carbon dioxide
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D5/00—Arrangements of reactor and engine in which reactor-produced heat is converted into mechanical energy
- G21D5/04—Reactor and engine not structurally combined
- G21D5/08—Reactor and engine not structurally combined with engine working medium heated in a heat exchanger by the reactor coolant
- G21D5/12—Liquid working medium vaporised by reactor coolant
- G21D5/14—Liquid working medium vaporised by reactor coolant and also superheated by reactor coolant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel molten salt reactor energy transmission system with supercritical carbon dioxide. The system comprises a loop I providing a heat source, an isolation loop and a loop III converting heat energy into electric energy. A nuclear reactor using fused salt as a coolant is arranged at the loop I; and supercritical carbon dioxide is used as a working medium in the loop III. A turbine, a generator, a regenerator set, a cooler, and a main gas compressor are arranged at the loop III. A secondary side outlet of a second heat exchanger is connected with a secondary side inlet of the second heat exchanger by high-temperature sides of the turbine and the regenerator set and low-temperature sides of the cooler, the main gas compressor, and the regenerator set; and the output terminal of the turbine is connected with the input terminal of the generator. The regenerator set contains at least two regenerators; high-temperature side channels of all regenerators in the regenerator set are communicated and low-temperature side channels of all regenerators in the regenerator set are communicated. According to the invention, with the system, optimization of the generating efficiency can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to and utilize supercritical carbon dioxide power field, particularly, relate to a kind of novel molten salt heap energy conversion system adopting supercritical carbon dioxide.
Background technology
Nuclear energy be a kind of can the clean energy resource of extensive development, to the energy supply of country and environmental protection, there is important supporting role.Along with the progressively raising that the mankind require energy utilization, nuclear energy technology also experienced by the process progressively upgraded accordingly.In six kinds of the 4th generation of technology such as nuclear energy system most with prospects of generally acknowledging in international community at present, MSR occupies one seat.
Current MSR system generally adopts three loops.An isolated loop is set between fuel coolant system and electricity generation system again.Primary Ioops is liquid molten salt coolant, and fuel and cooling medium are mixed into one.Secondary circuit is isolated loop, the working medium that general employing is identical with cooling medium.Three loops are electricity generation system, and general employing is the conversion that water/steam working medium or helium working medium realize energy at present, is electric energy by thermal power transfer.Generally adopt Rankine cycle with the energy conversion system that water/steam is working medium, Rankine cycle at high temperature efficiency is unsatisfactory, and system complex, equipment are many, volume is large, and cost of investment is higher.Be that the energy conversion system of working medium generally adopts brayton cycle with helium, because helium density is low, compression power consumption is very large, causes the efficiency of helium brayton cycle relatively lower.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of novel molten salt heap energy conversion system adopting supercritical carbon dioxide, raises the efficiency, promotes the economic competitiveness of MSR.
The present invention's adopted technical scheme that solves the problem is:
Adopt the novel molten salt heap energy conversion system of supercritical carbon dioxide, comprise the primary Ioops for providing thermal source, isolated loop and thermal power transfer is become three loops of electric energy, heat interchange is carried out by a First Heat Exchanger between described primary Ioops and described isolated loop, heat interchange is carried out by one second heat interchanger between described isolated loop and described three loops, it is the nuclear reactor of cooling medium that described primary Ioops is provided with fused salt, working medium in described three loops is supercritical carbon dioxide, described three loops comprise and to be connected with the secondary side of described second heat interchanger and can to form the 3rd pipeline of closed-loop path, described 3rd pipeline is provided with turbine, generator, regenerator group, refrigeratory and main pneumatic plant, the entrance of described turbine exports with the secondary side of described second heat interchanger and is connected, the outlet of described turbine is connected with a high temperature side entrance of described regenerator group, the output terminal of described turbine is connected with the input end of described generator, the entrance of described refrigeratory exports with a high temperature side of described regenerator group and is connected, the outlet of described refrigeratory is connected with the entrance of described main pneumatic plant, the outlet of described main pneumatic plant is connected with the secondary side entrance of described second heat interchanger by the low temperature side passage of described regenerator group, described regenerator group comprises at least two regenerators, the high temperature side passage of all regenerators in described regenerator group is connected, the low temperature side passage of all regenerators in described regenerator group is connected.
Further, described three loops also comprise an auxiliary pneumatic plant, and the entrance of described auxiliary pneumatic plant exports with the high temperature side of described regenerator group and is connected, and the outlet of described auxiliary pneumatic plant is connected with the low temperature side of described regenerator group.
Further, the quantity of described regenerator is two, be respectively regenerator one and regenerator two, the high temperature side entrance of regenerator one is connected with the outlet of described turbine, the high temperature side outlet of regenerator one is connected with the high temperature side entrance of regenerator two, the high temperature side outlet of regenerator two is connected with the entrance of described refrigeratory, the outlet of described main pneumatic plant is connected with the low temperature side entrance of described regenerator two, the low temperature side outlet of regenerator two is connected with the low temperature side entrance of regenerator one, the low temperature side outlet of regenerator one is connected with the secondary side entrance of described second heat interchanger.
Further, described three loops also comprise an auxiliary pneumatic plant, and the entrance of described auxiliary pneumatic plant exports with the high temperature side of regenerator two and is connected, and the outlet of described auxiliary pneumatic plant is connected with the low temperature side entrance of regenerator one.
Further, described primary Ioops comprises the first pipeline be connected with the primary side of described First Heat Exchanger, described nuclear reactor is located on described first pipeline, and the outlet of described nuclear reactor is connected with the primary side entrance of described First Heat Exchanger, the entrance of described nuclear reactor exports with the primary side of described First Heat Exchanger and is connected, and forms closed closed circuit.
Further, described first pipeline is also provided with pump, one end of described pump exports with the primary side of described First Heat Exchanger and is connected, and the other end is connected with the entrance of described nuclear reactor.For providing power for the flowing of the coolant fluid in described primary Ioops.
Further, described isolated loop comprises two second pipes be connected with the primary side of the secondary side of described First Heat Exchanger and described second heat interchanger, particularly, one second pipe exports with the secondary side of described First Heat Exchanger respectively and the primary side entrance of described second heat interchanger is connected, another second pipe exports with the secondary side entrance of described First Heat Exchanger and the primary side of described second heat interchanger respectively and is connected, and arbitrary second pipe is provided with the pump for providing fluid transmitting power.The fundamental purpose that described isolated loop is arranged be absorb described primary Ioops heat and sent to described three loops.
Further, the outlet temperature of described nuclear reactor is 600-750 DEG C, and temperature in is 450-550 DEG C, imports and exports the temperature difference and controls at 150-200 DEG C.
To sum up, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: MSR energy conversion system of the present invention is according to thermal source---the feature of fusedsalt reactor, design the combined-circulation loop of described shunting compression, the out temperature parameter of MSR can be mated preferably, realize the optimization of generating efficiency, and far above current steam generating system, system, reduced volume can also be simplified simultaneously, reduce costs, increase substantially the economic competitiveness of MSR.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the MSR energy conversion system shown in present pre-ferred embodiments;
Mark and corresponding parts title in accompanying drawing: MSR energy conversion system 100, primary Ioops 10, isolated loop 20, three loop 30, First Heat Exchanger 40, second heat interchanger 50, first pipeline 11, nuclear reactor 12, pump 13, second pipe 21, the 3rd pipeline 39, turbine 31, generator 32, regenerator 33, refrigeratory 34, main pneumatic plant 35, auxiliary pneumatic plant 36.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
Refer to Fig. 1, MSR energy conversion system 100 shown in present pre-ferred embodiments, comprise the primary Ioops 10 for providing thermal source, isolated loop 20 and three loops 30, carry out heat interchange by a First Heat Exchanger 40 between described primary Ioops 10 and described isolated loop 20, between described isolated loop 20 and described three loops 30, carry out heat interchange by one second heat interchanger 50.
Described primary Ioops 10 comprises the first pipeline 11 be connected with the primary side of described First Heat Exchanger 40, it is the nuclear reactor 12 of cooling medium that described first pipeline 11 is provided with fused salt, for described isolated loop 20 and described three loops 30 provide thermal source, the outlet of described nuclear reactor 12 is connected with the primary side entrance of described First Heat Exchanger 40, the entrance of described nuclear reactor 12 exports with the primary side of described First Heat Exchanger 40 and is connected, so, described nuclear reactor 12 forms the closed-loop path of flowing for fluid with the primary side channel connection of described First Heat Exchanger 40, described first pipeline 11 is also provided with pump 13, one end of described pump 13 exports with the primary side of described First Heat Exchanger 40 and is connected, the other end is connected with the entrance of described nuclear reactor 12, for providing power for the flowing of the coolant fluid in described primary Ioops 10.
Described isolated loop 20 absorbs the heat of described primary Ioops 10 and is sent to described three loops 30.The fundamental purpose that described isolated loop 20 is arranged is the security of operation in order to ensure nuclear reactor, the working medium in described three loops 30 is made to there is not the possibility contacted with the fused salt working medium for cooling in the described primary Ioops 10 of reactor core, guarantee that any unexpected operating mode that described three loops 30 occur or accident can not affect nuclear reactor, thus guarantee nuclear safety.Described isolated loop 20 comprises two second pipes 21 be connected with the primary side of the secondary side of described First Heat Exchanger 40 and described second heat interchanger 50, particularly, one second pipe 21 exports with the secondary side of described First Heat Exchanger 40 respectively and the primary side entrance of described second heat interchanger 50 is connected, another second pipe 21 exports with the secondary side entrance of described First Heat Exchanger 40 and the primary side of described second heat interchanger 50 respectively and is connected, so, described two second pipes 21, the secondary side passage of described First Heat Exchanger 40 and the primary side passage of described second heat interchanger 50 are connected and form the closed-loop path of confession fluid flowing.Arbitrary second pipe 21 is provided with the described pump 13 for providing power for the flowing of the heat transfer medium in described isolated loop 20.The heat transfer medium of described isolated loop 20 adopts the material identical with the cooling medium in described primary Ioops 10.
Described three loops 30 comprise the 3rd pipeline 39, described 3rd pipeline 39 one end is connected with the secondary side entrance of described second heat interchanger 50, the other end exports with the secondary side of described second heat interchanger 50 and is connected, so, described 3rd pipeline 39 is connected with the secondary side passage of described second heat interchanger 50 closed-loop path being formed and flow for fluid.Working medium in described three loops 30 is supercritical carbon dioxide.Described 3rd pipeline 39 is provided with turbine 31, generator 32, regenerator group, refrigeratory 34 and main pneumatic plant 35.
The entrance of described turbine 31 exports with the secondary side of described second heat interchanger 50 and is connected, and the outlet of described turbine 31 is connected with a high temperature side entrance of described regenerator group, and the output terminal of described turbine 31 is connected with the input end of described generator 32.The entrance of described refrigeratory 34 exports with a high temperature side of described regenerator group and is connected, the outlet of described refrigeratory 34 is connected with the entrance of described main pneumatic plant 35, and the outlet of described main pneumatic plant 35 is connected with the secondary side entrance of described second heat interchanger 50 by the low temperature side passage of described regenerator group.From the outlet of described main pneumatic plant 35 carbon dioxide out with enter in described second heat interchanger 50 after described regenerator group carries out heat interchange from the outlet high temperature carbon dioxide out of described turbine 31.
Described regenerator group comprises at least two regenerators 33, and the high temperature side passage of all regenerators 33 in described regenerator group is connected, and the low temperature side passage of all regenerators 33 in described regenerator group is connected.The quantity of described regenerator 33 and the out temperature match parameters of described nuclear reactor 12.For the outlet temperature of MSR 600-750 DEG C, the import and export temperature difference of the temperature in of 450-550 DEG C and 150-200 DEG C (namely, the difference of outlet temperature and temperature in) feature, the quantity of described regenerator 33 preferably two, be respectively regenerator one and regenerator two, the high temperature side entrance of regenerator one is connected with the outlet of described turbine 31, the high temperature side outlet of regenerator one is connected with the high temperature side entrance of regenerator two, the high temperature side outlet of regenerator two is connected with the entrance of described refrigeratory 34, the outlet of described main pneumatic plant 35 is connected with the low temperature side entrance of described regenerator two, the low temperature side outlet of regenerator two is connected with the low temperature side entrance of regenerator one, the low temperature side outlet of regenerator one is connected with the secondary side entrance of described second heat interchanger 50.Now, in system, energy conversion efficiency is higher, and higher with the out temperature parameter matching degree of nuclear reactor 12, if improve the inlet temperature of nuclear reactor 12 further, then the corresponding increase of the number needs of regenerator 33, to reach desirable parameter matching.
After there is nuclear reaction generation heat in nuclear reactor 12, described isolated loop 20 is transferred heat to through described First Heat Exchanger 40 by flow circuit, described isolated loop 20 transfers heat to the supercritical carbon dioxide working medium in described three loops 30 again by described second heat interchanger 50, the supercritical carbon dioxide working medium absorbed after heat enters in described turbine 31, promote described turbine 31 to rotate, thus drive described generator 32 to generate electricity, for ambient systems provides clean electric power.And the high temperature side of regenerator group is entered from the outlet high temperature carbon dioxide out of described turbine 31, the waste heat of absorbing carbon dioxide, heating enters the carbon dioxide of regenerator group low temperature side, improve the utilization ratio of thermal source, carbon dioxide forms supercritical carbon dioxide from entering after the high temperature side of regenerator group exports out refrigeratory 34 to compress through described main pneumatic plant 35 after cooling again, enters the secondary side entrance of described second heat interchanger 50 after the heat absorption of regenerator group low temperature side.In the present embodiment, the heat eliminating medium of described refrigeratory 34 is water or air.
In the present embodiment, described three loops 30 also comprise an auxiliary pneumatic plant 36, and the described entrance of auxiliary pneumatic plant 36 exports with the high temperature side of regenerator two and is connected, and the described outlet of auxiliary pneumatic plant 36 is connected with the low temperature side entrance of regenerator one.Carbon dioxide for exporting out from the high temperature side of described regenerator two by part directly compresses through auxiliary pneumatic plant 36 low temperature side entering regenerator one after formation supercritical carbon dioxide without refrigeratory 34 cools, the working medium flow of refrigeratory 34 is entered as this reduced, reduce the heat that refrigeratory 34 discharges, improve efficiency.
The application is for the import and export temperature difference feature of the outlet temperature of MSR 600-750 DEG C, the temperature in of 450-550 DEG C and 150-200 DEG C, design above-mentioned shunting compression cycle loop (three loops), the out temperature of matched well MSR, improve energy conversion efficiency, realize the optimization of energy conversion efficiency.And the electricity generation system of currently used general simple cycle be used for MSR time, usually can produce the backheat quantity not sufficient of system, a large amount of heats does not utilize and directly drains as used heat from refrigeratory, the situation that generating efficiency is on the low side.As the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) that application number is CN201210103985.1 and CN201110108849.7 disclosed in Chinese patent application document, the general generating efficiency that only can reach 20%-35%, lower than current steam electricity generation system (steam-electric power efficiency is probably 42-45%), does not have the actual meaning applied.And all kinds of supercritical carbon dioxide combined cycle power generation systems proposed at present, each class scheme is all to there being a best heat source temperature scope.For the outlet temperature of MSR 600-750 DEG C and the temperature in feature of 450-550 DEG C, the shunting compression cycle of the application's design can within the scope of the out temperature of MSR, reaching the highest efficiency (generating efficiency can reach 47%-53%), is therefore the scheme with real popularizing application prospect.
To sum up, MSR energy conversion system 100 of the present invention is according to thermal source---the feature of fusedsalt reactor, design the combined-circulation loop of described shunting compression, the out temperature parameter of MSR 12 can be mated preferably, realize the optimization of generating efficiency, and far above current steam generating system, system, reduced volume can also be simplified simultaneously, reduce costs, increase substantially the economic competitiveness of MSR.
As mentioned above, the present invention can be realized preferably.
The above; it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention; according to technical spirit of the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention; the any simple amendment that above embodiment is done, equivalently replace and improve, within the protection domain all still belonging to technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. adopt the novel molten salt heap energy conversion system of supercritical carbon dioxide, it is characterized in that, comprise the primary Ioops for providing thermal source, isolated loop and thermal power transfer is become three loops of electric energy, heat interchange is carried out by a First Heat Exchanger between described primary Ioops and described isolated loop, heat interchange is carried out by one second heat interchanger between described isolated loop and described three loops, it is the nuclear reactor of cooling medium that described primary Ioops is provided with fused salt, working medium in described three loops is supercritical carbon dioxide, described three loops comprise and to be connected with the secondary side of described second heat interchanger and can to form the 3rd pipeline of closed-loop path, described 3rd pipeline is provided with turbine, generator, regenerator group, refrigeratory and main pneumatic plant, the entrance of described turbine exports with the secondary side of described second heat interchanger and is connected, the outlet of described turbine is connected with a high temperature side entrance of described regenerator group, the output terminal of described turbine is connected with the input end of described generator, the entrance of described refrigeratory exports with a high temperature side of described regenerator group and is connected, the outlet of described refrigeratory is connected with the entrance of described main pneumatic plant, the outlet of described main pneumatic plant is connected with the secondary side entrance of described second heat interchanger by the low temperature side passage of described regenerator group, described regenerator group comprises at least two regenerators, the high temperature side passage of all regenerators in described regenerator group is connected, the low temperature side passage of all regenerators in described regenerator group is connected.
2. the novel molten salt heap energy conversion system of employing supercritical carbon dioxide according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described three loops also comprise an auxiliary pneumatic plant, the entrance of described auxiliary pneumatic plant exports with the high temperature side of described regenerator group and is connected, and the outlet of described auxiliary pneumatic plant is connected with the low temperature side of described regenerator group.
3. the novel molten salt heap energy conversion system of employing supercritical carbon dioxide according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the quantity of described regenerator is two, be respectively regenerator one and regenerator two, the high temperature side entrance of regenerator one is connected with the outlet of described turbine, the high temperature side outlet of regenerator one is connected with the high temperature side entrance of regenerator two, the high temperature side outlet of regenerator two is connected with the entrance of described refrigeratory, the outlet of described main pneumatic plant is connected with the low temperature side entrance of described regenerator two, the low temperature side outlet of regenerator two is connected with the low temperature side entrance of regenerator one, the low temperature side outlet of regenerator one is connected with the secondary side entrance of described second heat interchanger.
4. the novel molten salt heap energy conversion system of employing supercritical carbon dioxide according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described three loops also comprise an auxiliary pneumatic plant, the entrance of described auxiliary pneumatic plant exports with the high temperature side of regenerator two and is connected, and the outlet of described auxiliary pneumatic plant is connected with the low temperature side entrance of regenerator one.
5. the novel molten salt heap energy conversion system of employing supercritical carbon dioxide according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described primary Ioops comprises the first pipeline be connected with the primary side of described First Heat Exchanger, described nuclear reactor is located on described first pipeline, and the outlet of described nuclear reactor is connected with the primary side entrance of described First Heat Exchanger, the entrance of described nuclear reactor exports with the primary side of described First Heat Exchanger and is connected, and forms closed closed circuit.
6. the novel molten salt heap energy conversion system of employing supercritical carbon dioxide according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described first pipeline is also provided with pump, and one end of described pump exports with the primary side of described First Heat Exchanger and is connected, and the other end is connected with the entrance of described nuclear reactor.
7. the novel molten salt heap energy conversion system of employing supercritical carbon dioxide according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described isolated loop comprises two second pipes be connected with the primary side of the secondary side of described First Heat Exchanger and described second heat interchanger, particularly, one second pipe exports with the secondary side of described First Heat Exchanger respectively and the primary side entrance of described second heat interchanger is connected, another second pipe exports with the secondary side entrance of described First Heat Exchanger and the primary side of described second heat interchanger respectively and is connected, arbitrary second pipe is provided with the pump for providing fluid transmitting power.
8. the novel molten salt heap energy conversion system of employing supercritical carbon dioxide according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the outlet temperature of described nuclear reactor is 600-750 DEG C, and temperature in is 450-550 DEG C, imports and exports the temperature difference and controls at 150-200 DEG C.
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