CN105352429A - Axial distribution six-sensitive gate full-bridge three-interdigital structure metal strain gauge capable of measuring axial partial derivatives of centers of unilateral double-deviation sensitive grids - Google Patents
Axial distribution six-sensitive gate full-bridge three-interdigital structure metal strain gauge capable of measuring axial partial derivatives of centers of unilateral double-deviation sensitive grids Download PDFInfo
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
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Abstract
The invention relates to an axial distribution six-sensitive gate full-bridge three-interdigital structure metal strain gauge capable of measuring the axial partial derivatives of the centers of unilateral double-deviation sensitive grids. The axial distribution six-sensitive gate full-bridge three-interdigital structure metal strain gauge includes a substrate and six sensitive gates fixed thereon; each sensitive gate includes a sensitive section and a transition section; the axes of all the sensitive sections are parallel straight lines in the same plane; in the plane, a direction along the axes is an axial direction, and a direction vertical to the axial direction is a transverse direction; axial deviation exists between the sensitive gates, and transverse deviation does not exist between the sensitive gates; the sensitive gates include a sparse A sensitive gate, a sparse B sensitive gate, a middle A sensitive gate, a middle B sensitive gate, a dense A sensitive gate and a dense B sensitive gate which are distributed from the left to the right along the axial direction according to the center positions of the sensitive gates; two sensitive gates at the left, two sensitive gates at the middle and two sensitive gates at the right are in interdigital distribution; and the ratio of the total resistance variation values of the sensitive gates is 1:1:4:4:3:3. With the metal strain gauge of the invention adopted, the axial first-order partial derivatives of the center positions of the dense A sensitive gate and the dense B sensitive gate can be measured simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor field, especially a kind of metal strain plate.
Background technology
The principle of work of metal resistance strain gauge is resistance strain effect, and namely tinsel is when being subject to effects of strain, and its resistance, along with the size of occurred mechanically deform (stretching or compression), corresponding change occurs.The theoretical formula of resistance strain effect is as follows:
Wherein R is its resistance value, and ρ is metal material resistivity, and L is metal material length, and S is metal material sectional area.Tinsel occurs in the process of mechanically deform bearing strain, and ρ, L, S three will change, thus will inevitably cause the change of metal material resistance value.When metal material is stretched, length increases, and sectional area reduces, and resistance value increases; When by compression, length reduces, and sectional area increases, and resistance value reduces.Therefore, as long as the change of resistance value can be measured, just known strained situation wiry.Metal material resistance change rate formula can be derived by relevant knowledges such as formula (1) and the mechanics of materials
Wherein Δ R is resistance variation amount, and Δ L is the variable quantity of metal material length on pulling force or pressure action direction, and ε is that the strain on same direction is usually called axial strain, and K is metal material ga(u)ge factor.
In actual applications, metal resistance strain gauge is pasted onto the surface of Sensor Elastic Element or tested mechanical component.When the flexible member in sensor or tested mechanical component produce strain by acting force, also there is identical mechanically deform in the foil gauge pasted thereon thereupon, causes foil gauge resistance that corresponding change occurs.At this moment, mechanical quantity is just converted to the variable quantity output of resistance by resistance strain gage.
But we also need the partial derivative understanding workpiece strain sometimes, such as have three kinds of occasions below, but are not limited thereto three, need to use surface of the work strain partial derivative:
The first, concentrate owing to there will be strain near workpiece shapes sudden change place, often become workpiece and first occur damaging part, the strain partial derivative near sudden change place of monitoring shape, this place strain intensity can be obtained intuitively.
Second, exist in a large number by comer pieces in building, bridge, plant equipment, mechanics of materials relevant knowledge tells us, bent beam surface axial strain is directly proportional to section turn moment, the axial first-order partial derivative of section turn moment is directly proportional to cross section shearing strain, namely can know cross section shearing strain by the axial first-order partial derivative of surperficial axial strain, and this shearing strain directly cannot measure at surface of the work with foil gauge;
3rd, during applied elasticity research workpiece strain, internal strain is decided by partial differential equation, and equation solution needs boundary condition, and surface of the work strain partial derivative is exactly one of boundary condition, and this is that general foil gauge cannot provide.
In addition, to some position of workpiece, the such as position such as the shaft shoulder, part edge place, due to the sudden change of geomery, it strains the change that often corresponding existence is larger.But, just due to the sudden change of geomery, make the foil gauge that the more difficult arrangement in this place is general, need the product of a kind of energy inclined marginal position of monitor strain sheet instead of center position strain local derviation.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency of strain local derviation cannot be detected in order to overcome existing metal strain plate, the invention provides a kind of can monitor strain more effectively can detect the axial local derviation of surface strain measure the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of one-sided double offset sensitive grid central shaft to local derviation, particularly there is the axial single order local derviation of size restriction site at measuring workpieces corner, edge etc. to foil gauge.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind ofly measure the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of one-sided double offset sensitive grid central shaft to local derviation, comprise substrate, it is characterized in that: described metal strain plate also comprises six sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate are fixed described six sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described six sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Bias free in the horizontal between each sensitive grid center, has deviation in the axial direction; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by each sensitive grid, is followed successively by thin first sensitive grid vertically from left to right, dredges second sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid.The spacing of dredging first sensitive grid center and middle first sensitive grid center is Δ x
a, the spacing at middle first sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center is also Δ x
a; The spacing of dredging second sensitive grid center and middle second sensitive grid center is Δ x
b, the spacing at middle second sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center is also Δ x
b, Δ x
a=Δ x
b; The distance of dredging first sensitive grid center and thin second sensitive grid center is Δ x
1, the distance at middle first sensitive grid center and middle second sensitive grid center is Δ x
1, the spacing at close first sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center is Δ x
1;
Each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, and the left side is dredged in interdigital layout between first sensitive grid and thin second sensitive grid, is interdigital layout, in interdigital layout between the right close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid in middle part between first sensitive grid and middle second sensitive grid;
Dredge first sensitive grid, dredge the proportionate relationship that the sensitive segment all-in resistance of second sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is 1:1:4:4:3:3, dredge the proportionate relationship that first sensitive grid, thin second sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of close second sensitive grid are also 1:1:4:4:3:3.
Accordingly, the thin first sensitive grid of series connection and close first sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, the thin second sensitive grid of series connection and close second sensitive grid just in time form four brachium pontis of measuring bridge.
Further, all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, described thin first sensitive grid, the sensitive segment total length dredging second sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid are the proportionate relationship of 1:1:4:4:3:3.The program is a kind of scheme that can select, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal xsect position of form center of its both sides resistance value, also can be other positions.
Further, the pin of described close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is all positioned at inside foil gauge.Object reduces close first sensitive grid and the close second sensitive grid distance to foil gauge right side edge.
Further again, relatively first sensitive grid and middle second responsive, the sensitive segment axial length of close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid can be shorter and cross direction profiles can be closeer.Object reduces close first sensitive grid and the close second sensitive grid center distance to foil gauge right side edge.
Among six sensitive grids, except being interdigital layout between above-mentioned three pairs of sensitive grids, without the interdigital layout between other sensitive grids.Described interdigital layout refers to: in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids on sensitive segment axes normal direction, the order occur respectively the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in the direction in which and number of times do not limit in each sensitive segment axis institute of two sensitive grids.
Utilize the linear relationship between metal material increased resistance value and strain, this foil gauge may be used for monitor strain as common foil gauge.On the other hand, according to (" numerical computation method " 21 pages (1.4.11)-(1.4.14) formula as Yi Fengkang etc. compiles, National Defense Industry Press publishes in Dec, 1978 makes equidistant interpolation analysis) in numerical differentiation theory about the circular of single order local derviation, the numerical computation method of the x direction first-order partial derivative of f (x, y) is as follows:
Wherein x
1=x
0+ h, x
2=x
1+ h, paying special attention to above formula is (x
2, y) the first-order partial derivative value formula of position, the truncation error of this formula is less is o (h
2) be the higher order indefinite small of step-length square.By the strain that formula (2) engineering be it is generally acknowledged sensitive grid resistance change direct ratio and sensitive grid center, in conjunction with the proportionate relationship of each sensitive grid resistance and the resistance change under same strain, dredge the resistance of first sensitive grid and close first sensitive grid and deduct the resistance value of middle first sensitive grid, distance again divided by thin first sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center is the axial single order numerical value local derviation strained, and according to numerical differentiation theory, this is the axial single order numerical value local derviation of close first sensitive grid center; Equally, dredge the resistance of second sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid and deduct the resistance value of middle second sensitive grid, distance again divided by thin second sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center is the axial single order numerical value local derviation strained, and according to numerical differentiation theory, this is the axial single order numerical value local derviation of close second sensitive grid center.The axial single order local derviation of above-mentioned close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid center can be measured simultaneously.Therefore the advantage of this foil gauge be to can be used on the right side of it general foil gauge such as measuring workpieces corner, edge due to size restriction cannot the axial single order local derviation of two place's close positions of measuring point.
Technique should be noted keep thin first sensitive grid, thin second sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid transition section all-in resistance and the variable quantity of transition section resistance under external strain to be that the numerical relation of 1:1:4:4:3:3 is to heighten measuring accuracy, if the resistance of transition section and the lower resistance change of strain be can not ignore, also can be eliminated when detecting as systematic error.
Further, described metal strain plate also comprises cover plate, and described cover plate is covered in described sensitive grid and substrate.
Further again, described sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
Further, described substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates or temporary substrate.
Described six sensitive grid left, center, right are arranged in substrate.Certainly, also can be other arrangement.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in: can there be the axial single order local derviations of two place's close positions of size restriction site on the right side that foil gauge effectively can detect surface strain axial the single order local derviation, particularly foil gauge of close first sensitive grid center and Liang Ge position, close second sensitive grid center simultaneously in measuring workpieces corner, edge etc. to foil gauge.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 can measure the schematic diagram of one-sided double offset sensitive grid central shaft to the interdigital metal strain plate of axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three of local derviation.
Fig. 2 can measure the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate vertical view of one-sided double offset sensitive grid central shaft to local derviation.
Fig. 3 is measuring bridge schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3, a kind ofly measure the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of one-sided double offset sensitive grid central shaft to local derviation, comprise substrate, it is characterized in that: described metal strain plate also comprises six sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate are fixed described six sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described six sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Bias free in the horizontal between each sensitive grid center, has deviation in the axial direction; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by each sensitive grid, is followed successively by thin first sensitive grid vertically from left to right, dredges second sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid.The spacing of dredging first sensitive grid center and middle first sensitive grid center is Δ x
a, the spacing at middle first sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center is also Δ x
a; The spacing of dredging second sensitive grid center and middle second sensitive grid center is Δ x
b, the spacing at middle second sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center is also Δ x
b, Δ x
a=Δ x
b; The distance of dredging first sensitive grid center and thin second sensitive grid center is Δ x
1, the distance at middle first sensitive grid center and middle second sensitive grid center is Δ x
1, the spacing at close first sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center is Δ x
1;
Each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, and the left side is dredged in interdigital layout between first sensitive grid and thin second sensitive grid, is interdigital layout, in interdigital layout between the right close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid in middle part between first sensitive grid and middle second sensitive grid;
Dredge first sensitive grid, dredge the proportionate relationship that the sensitive segment all-in resistance of second sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is 1:1:4:4:3:3, dredge the proportionate relationship that first sensitive grid, thin second sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of close second sensitive grid are also 1:1:4:4:3:3.
Accordingly, the thin first sensitive grid of series connection and close first sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, the thin second sensitive grid of series connection and close second sensitive grid just in time form four brachium pontis of measuring bridge.
Further, all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, described thin first sensitive grid, the sensitive segment total length dredging second sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid are the proportionate relationship of 1:1:4:4:3:3.The program is a kind of scheme that can select, as long as the position of nominal particle meets the equal xsect position of form center of its both sides resistance value, also can be other positions.
Further, the pin of described close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is all positioned at inside foil gauge.Object reduces close first sensitive grid and the close second sensitive grid distance to foil gauge right side edge.
Further again, relatively first sensitive grid and middle second responsive, the sensitive segment axial length of close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid can be shorter and cross direction profiles can be closeer.Object reduces close first sensitive grid and the close second sensitive grid center distance to foil gauge right side edge.
Among six sensitive grids, except being interdigital layout between above-mentioned three pairs of sensitive grids, without the interdigital layout between other sensitive grids.Described interdigital layout refers to: in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids on sensitive segment axes normal direction, the order occur respectively the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in the direction in which and number of times do not limit in each sensitive segment axis institute of two sensitive grids.
The present embodiment measure the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of one-sided double offset sensitive grid central shaft to local derviation, comprise substrate 1, described metal strain plate also comprises six sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate 1 are fixed described six sensitive grids.
Thin first sensitive grid 2 can be fixed on substrate 1, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7, for keep each sensitive grid fixing shape, position and size; Substrate 1 is very thin, thus the strain of surface of test piece is delivered to exactly thin first sensitive grid 2, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7.Substrate 1 can be glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates and temporary substrate.Usually with cohering, weld, substrate is fixed on the tested position of test block by the mode such as ceramic spraying.Substrate 1 also can be printed on the lines that some are located for foil gauge.
The materials such as cover plate paper using or glue are made, and are covered in thin first sensitive grid 2, dredge in second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6, close second sensitive grid 7 and substrate 1, play the protective seam of the effects such as protection against the tide, corrosion protection, loss prevention.
Pin 8 is for connecting sensitive grid and metering circuit, dredge first sensitive grid 2, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7 respectively have two pins 8, to with foil and membrane type foil gauge, the thin first sensitive grid 2 that pin 8 is connected with it, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7 combine as a whole.Two pins dredging first sensitive grid 2 are 8-1 and 8-2, two pins dredging second sensitive grid 3 are 8-3 and 8-4, two pins of middle first sensitive grid 4 are 8-5 and 8-6, two pins of middle second sensitive grid 5 are 8-7 and 8-8, two pins of close first sensitive grid 6 are 8-9 and 8-10, and two pins of close second sensitive grid 7 are 8-11 and 8-12.Pin 8-9 and 8-10 is all positioned at the left side of close first sensitive grid 6, and object reduces the distance of close first sensitive grid 6 to foil gauge right side edge; Pin 8-11 and 8-12 is all positioned at the left side of close second sensitive grid 7, and object reduces the distance of close second sensitive grid 7 to foil gauge right side edge.
Dredging first sensitive grid 2, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7 difference according to its metal sensitive material and processing technology, can be wire form, foil, diaphragm type, thick-film type.No matter which kind of dredges first sensitive grid 2, to dredge the thickness of second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7 all very little, make thin first sensitive grid 2, dredge the axial length of second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7 with it depend on the deformation of workpiece and change.The basic crucial part of the present invention is thin first sensitive grid 2, dredges second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, cooperation between close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7, have following main points:
The first, six sensitive grids are arranged in substrate, is called thin first sensitive grid 2, dredges second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7.
The second, dredge first sensitive grid 2, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7 all can be divided into multiple sensitive segment 9 and multiple transition section 10, each sensitive segment 9 is connected to form sensitive grid by each transition section 10.Comparatively speaking, sensitive segment 9 is in elongated shape, and resistance is comparatively large and its resistance is comparatively responsive to strain; Described transition section 10, substantially in tubbiness shape, makes the resistance of described transition section very little and insensitive to strain, and under duty, resistance variations is close to 0, and therefore the summation of sensitive segment resistance is the all-in resistance of single sensitive grid substantially.Fig. 2 has marked sensitive segment 9 and transition section 10 in more detail from angle more clearly.
3rd, the sensitive segment of each sensitive grid 9 is in elongated strip, and all xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment 9 form sensitive segment axis, and this sensitive segment 9 axis is straight line section, the axis being parallel of each sensitive segment 9 and be arranged in same plane.All xsects of each sensitive segment 9 are consistent along the projection of shape of sensitive segment axis direction.Get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid.
4th, dredge first sensitive grid 2, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, the sensitive segment total length of close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7 is the proportionate relationship of 1:1:4:4:3:3, dredge first sensitive grid 2, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, the sensitive segment all-in resistance of close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7 is the proportionate relationship of 1:1:4:4:3:3, dredge first sensitive grid 2, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of close second sensitive grid 7 are also the proportionate relationship of 1:1:4:4:3:3.Accordingly, the thin first sensitive grid 2 of series connection and close first sensitive grid 6, middle first sensitive grid 4, the thin second sensitive grid 3 of series connection and close second sensitive grid 7, middle second sensitive grid 5 just in time form four brachium pontis of measuring bridge.
5th, overlook thin first sensitive grid 2, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7, they all have axis of symmetry and axis of symmetry overlaps (x-axis in Fig. 2), dredge first sensitive grid 2, dredge second sensitive grid 3, sensitive segment 9 that middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 are respective with close second sensitive grid 7 is all parallel with this axis of symmetry, the sensitive segment 9 of each sensitive grid all distributes about this rotational symmetry.Therefore, thin first sensitive grid 2, dredge second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7 coaxial, namely detect equidirectional strain and dredge first sensitive grid 2, dredge the center of second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7 all in x-axis, there is axial deviation at their center without lateral deviation.According to the vertical view of foil gauge in Fig. 2, the sensitive segment 9 dredging first sensitive grid 2 has lateral symmetry axle y
sA, dredge the center of first sensitive grid 2 at x-axis and y
sAthe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 dredging second sensitive grid 3 has lateral symmetry axle y
sB, dredge the center of second sensitive grid 3 at x-axis and y
sBthe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of middle first sensitive grid 4 has lateral symmetry axle y
mA, the center of middle first sensitive grid 4 is at x-axis and y
mAthe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of middle second sensitive grid 5 has lateral symmetry axle y
mB, the center of middle second sensitive grid 5 is at x-axis and y
mBthe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of close first sensitive grid 6 has lateral symmetry axle y
dA, the center of close first sensitive grid 6 is at x-axis and y
dAthe intersection point of axle, the sensitive segment 9 of close second sensitive grid 7 has lateral symmetry axle y
dB, the center of close second sensitive grid 7 is at x-axis and y
dBthe intersection point of axle.
6th, the spacing of dredging the center of first sensitive grid 2 and the center of middle first sensitive grid 4 is Δ x
a, the spacing at the center of middle first sensitive grid 4 and the center of close first sensitive grid 6 is also Δ x
a; The spacing of dredging the center of second sensitive grid 3 and the center of middle second sensitive grid 5 is Δ x
b, the spacing at the center of middle second sensitive grid 5 and the center of close second sensitive grid 7 is also Δ x
b, Δ x
a=Δ x
b; The distance of dredging the center of first sensitive grid 2 and the center of thin second sensitive grid 3 is Δ x
1, the distance at the center of middle first sensitive grid 4 and the center of middle second sensitive grid 5 is Δ x
1, the spacing at the center of close first sensitive grid 6 and the center of close second sensitive grid 7 is Δ x
1, as shown in Figure 2.Shown in Fig. 2, each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, the left side is dredged between first sensitive grid 2 and thin second sensitive grid 3 in interdigital layout, be interdigital layout between first sensitive grid 4 and middle second sensitive grid 5 in middle part, in interdigital layout between the close first sensitive grid 6 in the right and close second sensitive grid 7, without the interdigital layout between other sensitive grids.Described interdigital layout refers to: in the plane, in the sensitive segment distribution straggly with two sensitive grids on sensitive segment axes normal direction, the order occur respectively the sensitive segment of two sensitive grids in the direction in which and number of times do not limit in each sensitive segment 9 axis of two sensitive grids institute.Because thin first sensitive grid 2, the relative position of dredging second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and close second sensitive grid 7 are ensured quite accurately to be secured by foil gauge production technology, this is also that the present invention can detect the key one of of workpiece strain axis to partial derivative.
In sum, the present invention dredges the proportionate relationship that first sensitive grid 2, thin second sensitive grid 3, middle first sensitive grid 4, middle second sensitive grid 5, close first sensitive grid 6 and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of close second sensitive grid 7 are also 1:1:4:4:3:3, each sensitive grid central cross bias free, axially have deviation, the spacing of dredging the center of first sensitive grid 2 and the center of middle first sensitive grid 4 is Δ x
a, the spacing at the center of middle first sensitive grid 4 and the center of close first sensitive grid 6 is also Δ x
a; The spacing of dredging the center of second sensitive grid 3 and the center of middle second sensitive grid 5 is Δ x
b, the spacing at the center of middle second sensitive grid 5 and the center of close second sensitive grid 7 is also Δ x
b, Δ x
a=Δ x
b; The distance of dredging the center of first sensitive grid 2 and the center of thin second sensitive grid 3 is Δ x
1, the distance at the center of middle first sensitive grid 4 and the center of middle second sensitive grid 5 is Δ x
1, the spacing at the center of close first sensitive grid 6 and the center of close second sensitive grid 7 is Δ x
1.
Dredging second sensitive grid 3 resistance under making free state is R
l0, middle second sensitive grid 5 resistance is R
m0, close second sensitive grid 7 resistance is R
r0, should R be had
l0+ R
r0=R
m0=R
0.Foil gauge of the present invention is placed in certain when having a surface strain, dredging second sensitive grid 3 resistance is R
0+ Δ R
l, middle sensitive grid 4 resistance is R
0+ Δ R
m0, close second sensitive grid 7 resistance is R
0+ Δ R
r; On the other hand, the center of dredging second sensitive grid 3 and close second sensitive grid 7 lays respectively at x-axis and y in Fig. 2
sBintersection point and x-axis and y
dBintersection point, axially at a distance of 2 Δ x
a.The formula of the relation of sensitive grid resistance and surface strain and numerical differentiation (3) is utilized to have:
Wherein
for the center of close second sensitive grid 7, ε
lfor the strain of thin second sensitive grid 3 center, ε
mfor the strain of middle second sensitive grid 5 center, ε
rfor the strain of close second sensitive grid 7 center.Namely this is the principle of the present embodiment measured surface strain axis to local derviation.Pay special attention to, the numerical differentiation that above formula calculates is that the strain axis of the center of close second sensitive grid 7 is to single order local derviation, this position is the right side of foil gauge, therefore has and is convenient to there are the axial single order local derviation of size restriction site in measuring workpieces corner, edge etc. advantage to foil gauge.Composition graphs 2, notice the sensitive segment 9 short (in fact in Fig. 2, sensitive segment 9 length of close second sensitive grid 7 is the half of the sensitive segment 9 of middle second sensitive grid 5) of the comparatively middle second sensitive grid 5 of the sensitive segment 9 of close second sensitive grid 7, the sensitive segment 9 of transversely close second sensitive grid 7 is arranged closeer (in fact in Fig. 2, the hop count of the sensitive segment 9 of close second sensitive grid 7 is 3/2 times of the hop count of the sensitive segment 9 of middle second sensitive grid 5), and pin 8-11 and 8-12 of close second sensitive grid 7 is arranged on the left of close second sensitive grid 7, its object is all to reduce the distance of close second sensitive grid 7 center to foil gauge right side edge as far as possible, so that play above-mentioned advantage further.Equally, dredging first sensitive grid 2, middle first sensitive grid 4 and close first sensitive grid 6 can coordinate the strain axis calculating close first sensitive grid 6 center to first-order partial derivative; Strengthen the density of transversely arranging by the length shortening the sensitive segment 9 of close first sensitive grid 6, and by the close pin arrangement of first sensitive grid 6 and the left side of this sensitive grid, reduce the distance of close first sensitive grid 6 center to foil gauge right side edge as far as possible.The strain axis of the center of above-mentioned close second sensitive grid 7 can be measured to the strain axis of single order local derviation and close first sensitive grid 6 center to first-order partial derivative simultaneously.
Coordinated by the present embodiment electric bridge to can be used for monitor strain, strain axis to single order local derviation, suppose that bridge input voltage is u
i, output voltage is u
o, Fig. 3 is shown in by the schematic diagram of measuring bridge.When without workpiece effects of strain, each arm resistance of electric bridge is labeled as R respectively according to clockwise direction
1, R
2, R
3, R
4, when obscuring also with these sign flag resistance place electric bridges.Each electric bridge can be laid sensitive grid or the resistance of foil gauge.Arrange identical with general foil gauge, if settle sensitive grid on multiple brachium pontis, to the order of each installation position, the requirement of strain difinite quality.During without workpiece effects of strain, the Output Voltage Formula of electric bridge is
Now, bridge balance i.e. u is required
o=0, so so-called bridge balance condition R must be met
1r
3-R
2r
4=0, the electric bridge of employing meets further
R
1=R
2=R
3=R
4, (6) because, the first, satisfy condition (6) time, the highest according to relevant theoretical foil gauge sensitivity; The second, monitor strain or strain axis are set up to the equal requirement condition of method (6) of local derviation.When foil gauge, with external world's strain, strain also occurs, above-mentioned bridge balance condition is generally no longer set up, now
Due to Δ R
i< < R
i(i=1,2,3,4) event first ≈ sets up, and second ≈ is as Δ R
1-Δ R
2with Δ R
3-Δ R
4jack per line or contrary sign but | Δ R
1-Δ R
2| with | Δ R
3-Δ R
4| not very close to time set up, in engineering, choose reasonable foil gauge installation position can realize completely.The voltage measurement strain that general available formula (7) obtains; Can convolution (4) and formula (7) to the axial local derviation of strain, reasonable design arranges each brachium pontis sensitive grid and resistance, such as brachium pontis R
1second sensitive grid 5 in layout, brachium pontis R
2arranged in series close second sensitive grid 7 and thin second sensitive grid 3, all the other brachium pontis configuration substitutional resistance, can obtain with close second sensitive grid 7 center strain axis to the linear magnitude of voltage u of single order local derviation
o, this voltage is that feeble signal need be amplified.
Claims (8)
1. can measure the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of one-sided double offset sensitive grid central shaft to local derviation for one kind, comprise substrate, it is characterized in that: described metal strain plate also comprises six sensitive grids, the two ends of each sensitive grid connect a pin respectively, described substrate are fixed described six sensitive grids;
Each sensitive grid comprises sensitive segment and transition section, the two ends of described sensitive segment are transition section, described sensitive segment is elongated strip shaped, described transition section is tubbiness shape, the resistance of described sensitive segment is much larger than the resistance of described transition section, under same strain state, the increased resistance value of described sensitive segment is much larger than the increased resistance value of described transition section, and the increased resistance value of described transition section is close to 0;
All xsect centres of form of each sensitive segment form sensitive segment axis, this sensitive segment axis is straight line section, in described six sensitive grids each sensitive segment axis being parallel and be arranged in same plane, sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, along described sensitive segment axis direction namely axially, be laterally with axially vertical direction; Each sensitive segment exists the xsect that its both sides resistance value is equal, get this cross-section centroid position and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, the centroid position that the nominal particle of each sensitive segment is formed jointly is the center of sensitive grid;
Bias free in the horizontal between each sensitive grid center, has deviation in the axial direction; The order of sensitive grid center pressed by each sensitive grid, is followed successively by thin first sensitive grid vertically from left to right, dredges second sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid; The spacing of dredging first sensitive grid center and middle first sensitive grid center is Δ x
a, the spacing at middle first sensitive grid center and close first sensitive grid center is also Δ x
a; The spacing of dredging second sensitive grid center and middle second sensitive grid center is Δ x
b, the spacing at middle second sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center is also Δ x
b, Δ x
a=Δ x
b; The distance of dredging first sensitive grid center and thin second sensitive grid center is Δ x
1, the distance at middle first sensitive grid center and middle second sensitive grid center is Δ x
1, the spacing at close first sensitive grid center and close second sensitive grid center is Δ x
1;
Each sensitive segment axis is determined in plane, the left side is dredged between first sensitive grid and thin second sensitive grid in interdigital layout, be interdigital layout between first sensitive grid and middle second sensitive grid in middle part, in interdigital layout between the right close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid, without the interdigital layout between other sensitive grids;
Dredge first sensitive grid, dredge the proportionate relationship that the sensitive segment all-in resistance of second sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is 1:1:4:4:3:3, dredge the proportionate relationship that first sensitive grid, thin second sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and the all-in resistance changing value of sensitive segment sensitive segment under identical strain of close second sensitive grid are also 1:1:4:4:3:3.
2. can measure the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of one-sided double offset sensitive grid central shaft to local derviation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: all shape of cross section consistent size of each sensitive segment, get the axis point midway of each sensitive segment and with this sensitive segment resistance value for nominal mass is formed the nominal particle of place sensitive segment, described thin first sensitive grid, the sensitive segment total length dredging second sensitive grid, middle first sensitive grid, middle second sensitive grid, close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid are the proportionate relationship of 1:1:4:4:3:3.
3. can measure the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of one-sided double offset sensitive grid central shaft to local derviation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the pin of described close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid is all positioned at inside foil gauge.
4. can measure the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of one-sided double offset sensitive grid central shaft to local derviation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: first sensitive grid and middle second sensitive grid relatively, the sensitive segment axial length of close first sensitive grid and close second sensitive grid can be shorter and cross direction profiles can be closeer.
5. can measure the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of one-sided double offset sensitive grid central shaft to local derviation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described metal strain plate also comprises cover plate, described cover plate is covered in described sensitive grid and substrate.
6. can measure the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of one-sided double offset sensitive grid central shaft to local derviation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described sensitive grid is wire form, foil, diaphragm type or thick-film type sensitive grid.
7. can measure the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of one-sided double offset sensitive grid central shaft to local derviation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described substrate is glued membrane substrate, glass fabric substrates, asbestos substrate, metallic substrates or temporary substrate.
8. can measure the axial distribution six sensitive grid full-bridge three interdigital metal strain plate of one-sided double offset sensitive grid central shaft to local derviation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described six sensitive grid left, center, right are arranged in substrate.
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