CN105345258A - Optical fiber laser welding method for reducing welding spatter - Google Patents

Optical fiber laser welding method for reducing welding spatter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105345258A
CN105345258A CN201510845008.2A CN201510845008A CN105345258A CN 105345258 A CN105345258 A CN 105345258A CN 201510845008 A CN201510845008 A CN 201510845008A CN 105345258 A CN105345258 A CN 105345258A
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China
Prior art keywords
optical
fiber laser
laser welding
power
welding method
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CN201510845008.2A
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CN105345258B (en
Inventor
赵琳
田志凌
彭云
马成勇
肖晓明
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Central Iron and Steel Research Institute
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Central Iron and Steel Research Institute
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and particularly relates to an optical fiber laser welding method for reducing welding spatter. The method adopts triangular-wave pulses to modulate laser power, wherein pulse peak-value power is 5-10kW; basic-value power is 2-4kW; pulse frequency is 15-125Hz; and triangular-wave pulse rising time is 3-7ms. According to the optical fiber laser welding method, by modulating the laser power, laser keyhole stability is improved and welding spatter is reduced.

Description

A kind of optical-fiber laser welding method reducing spatter
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser welding technology field, particularly a kind of optical-fiber laser welding method reducing spatter.
Background technology
During Laser Deep Penetration Welding, laser emission illumination is greater than 10 6w/cm 2, material melts rapidly, vaporizes under the laser beam effect of high-energy-density, forms laser aperture.Due to the existence of aperture, laser beam energy can be deep into material internal and form dark and narrow weld seam, and therefore Laser Deep Penetration Welding is considered to a kind of ideal welding method.
As the laser of a new generation, optical-fiber laser has higher electro-optical efficiency, the preferably advantage such as beam quality and lower operating cost, and optical-fiber laser penetration fustion welding obtains increasing concern and application.But the formation of weld defect is one of main problem of optical-fiber laser deep penetration welding, and wherein spatter is a kind of main weld defect.With CO 2laser, Nd:YAG laser are compared, and optical-fiber laser spatter tendency is larger, and degree is even more serious.The generation of optical-fiber laser spatter can be divided into two classes: a class is (speed of welding is generally higher than 3.0m/min) under high speed of welding condition, in laser aperture, metallic vapour goes out to the oblique rear eruption of aperture opening part, powerful active force causes the weld pool surface at aperture rear protruding, splashes and departs from molten bath by protruding motlten metal and formed; Another kind of is (speed of welding is generally lower than 2.0m/min) under slower speed of welding condition, and in aperture, the active force of metallic vapour eruption makes the molten bath in aperture opening part forward position protruding, and motlten metal departs from molten bath, defines splashing.There is larger difference in the formation that this two type optical fibers laser weld is splashed.For high speed fibre laser weld spattering problem in prior art; many research work are carried out; analyze the Crack cause of spatter, and to influence each other aspect from protective gas (flow and direction), technological parameter and bath behavior, propose resolving ideas and method.But, solve optical-fiber laser spatter problem more at a slow speed not yet preferably at present, reduce welding quality, limit the application that optical-fiber laser welds especially cut deal high power optical fibre laser welding.Therefore, in cut deal high power optical fibre laser welding process, the spatter how reduced under slower speed of welding becomes problem demanding prompt solution.
Now studies have reported that and to show with patent document, laser power triangular pulse modulation is mainly used to solve Laser Deep Penetration Welding and (mostly is CO 2laser and Nd:YAG laser weld) pinhole type pore problem.In laser beam welding, by the triangular modulation to laser power, change welding pool flow behavior, thus reduce pinhole type pore tendency.At present, the impulse modulation impact that especially triangular pulse is modulated laser weld is splashed there is no disclosed data and report.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method reducing optical-fiber laser spatter, solve the problem of the existing spatter of high power optical fibre laser more at a slow speed.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides following technical scheme:
The invention provides a kind of optical-fiber laser welding method reducing spatter, is that fibre laser power is modulated into triangular pulse, wherein, pulse peak power 5-10kW, base value power 2-4kW, pulse frequency 15-125Hz, triangular pulse rising time 3-7ms.
Preferably, described pulse frequency is 60Hz.
Being represented by following functional expression of the triangular pulse of described fibre laser power:
P ( t ) = t T 0 ( P max - P min ) + P min = t T 0 P max + T 0 - t T 0 P min ( 0 &le; t &le; T 0 ) P ( t ) = P max - t - T 0 T - T 0 ( P max - P min ) = T - t T - T 0 P max + t - T 0 T - T 0 P min ( T 0 < t &le; T )
Wherein, P maxfor pulse peak power; P minfor base value power; T is pulse period (T=1/f), f is pulse frequency; T 0for triangular pulse rising time, P is power, and t is the time.
Described method is applied in the optical-fiber laser welding process of the slower speed of welding of cut deal high power, speed of welding 0.5-2.0m/min.
Angle 3 between protective gas nozzle 2 and laser beam axis 6 is 40 °-50 °; Distance 4 between protective gas nozzle 2 and workpiece 5 is 10-20mm.
The method adopts inert gas argon or helium as laser radiation gas, wherein, and helium shield gas flow rate 20-60L/min, argon shield gas flow 10-25L/min.
The thickness of soldered sheet material is 5-25mm.
The method, by improving the stability of laser aperture, reduces spatter.
Optical-fiber laser welding method provided by the invention is for reducing spatter.
Optical-fiber laser for the slower speed of welding of cut deal high power welds, speed of welding 0.5-2.0m/min.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Optical-fiber laser welding of the present invention adopts triangular pulse modulated laser power; and by adjusting the angle number of degrees between protective gas nozzle and laser beam, the distance between protective gas nozzle and workpiece; laser aperture stability is improve under slower speed of welding 0.5-2.0m/min condition; laser aperture opening part forward position molten bath degree of convexity and frequency significantly reduce; thus decrease the spatter formed because molten bath, aperture opening part forward position is protruding, make welding quality obtain further raising.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the welding schematic diagram of optical-fiber laser welding method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that fibre laser power of the present invention is modulated into triangular pulse;
Fig. 3 is the optical-fiber laser spatter forming process not adopting the inventive method;
Fig. 4 is the optical fiber welded seam surface splashing situation adopting optical-fiber laser welding method of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the optical fiber welded seam surface splashing situation not adopting optical-fiber laser welding method of the present invention;
Fig. 6 be adopt with do not adopt the optical-fiber laser welding condition of optical-fiber laser welding method of the present invention under the reduced gravity situations that causes because splashing contrast.
Reference numeral is wherein:
1 optical-fiber laser
2 protective gas nozzles
Angle between 3 protective gas nozzles and laser beam axis
Distance between 4 protective gas nozzles and workpiece
5 workpiece
6 laser beam axis
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention uses optical-fiber laser 1 to weld, and the number of degrees of the angle 3 between protective gas nozzle 2 and laser beam axis 6 are 40 °-50 °, and the distance 4 between protective gas nozzle 2 and workpiece 5 is 10-20mm; Speed of welding 0.5-2.0m/min; The laser radiation gas that protective gas nozzle 2 sprays is inert gas (argon or helium); Wherein, helium shield gas flow rate 20-60L/min, argon shield gas flow 10-25L/min.
As shown in Figure 2, fibre laser power is modulated into triangular pulse by the present invention, wherein, and pulse peak power 5-10kW, base value power 2-4kW, pulse frequency 15-125Hz, triangular pulse rising time 3-7ms.
The functional expression of triangular pulse of the present invention is as follows:
P ( t ) = t T 0 ( P max - P min ) + P min = t T 0 P max + T 0 - t T 0 P min ( 0 &le; t &le; T 0 ) P ( t ) = P max - t - T 0 T - T 0 ( P max - P min ) = T - t T - T 0 P max + t - T 0 T - T 0 P min ( T 0 < t &le; T )
Wherein, P maxfor pulse peak power; P minfor base value power; T is pulse period (T=1/f), f is pulse frequency; T 0for triangular pulse rising time, P is power, and t is the time.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
For 20mm thick 600MPa level high-strength steel; i.e. workpiece 5; adopt optical-fiber laser welding method of the present invention; wherein the laser power modulation of optical-fiber laser 1 becomes triangular pulse; pulse peak power is 7kW; base value power 3kW; pulse frequency 15-125Hz; triangular pulse rising time 5ms; argon shield gas flow is 15L/min; angle 3 between the protective gas nozzle adopted and laser beam axis 6 is 45 °, and the distance 4 between protective gas nozzle 2 and workpiece 5 is 15mm, speed of welding 1.0m/min.When pulse frequency is 15-125Hz, the splashing particle of optical-fiber laser welded seam surface attachment is less and little (as shown in Figure 4), and the unmodulated optical-fiber laser welding method of control methods power, in aperture, the active force of metallic vapour eruption makes the molten bath in aperture opening part forward position protruding, motlten metal departs from molten bath, define a large amount of splashing (as shown in Figure 3), the splashing particle of its face of weld attachment is many and large (as shown in Figure 5).
Workpiece 5 reduced gravity situations (as shown in Figure 6) shows, the welding of power unmodulated optical-fiber laser is because of the weightless 0.71g that splashes, and when pulse frequency is 15-125Hz, the optical-fiber laser welding of triangular pulse modulation is weightless significantly to be reduced, optimum frequency is 60Hz, and weightlessness is only 0.39g; On the other hand, when frequency exceeds within the scope of 15-125Hz (such as 10Hz or 150Hz), the spatter order of severity rises, weightless increase.Therefore, adopt triangular pulse modulation, in suitable pulses range, optical-fiber laser spatter significantly reduces, and weightlessness significantly reduces.
Embodiment 2
For the thick mild steel of 15mm; i.e. workpiece 5, adopt optical-fiber laser welding method of the present invention, wherein the laser power modulation of laser 1 becomes triangular pulse; pulse peak power is 7kW; base value power 3kW, pulse frequency 60Hz, triangular pulse rising time 5ms; helium shield gas flow rate is 45L/min; angle 3 between the protective gas nozzle 2 adopted and laser beam axis 6 is 40 °, and the distance 4 between protective gas nozzle 2 and workpiece 5 is 12mm, speed of welding 1.0m/min.The optical-fiber laser welding weightlessness of triangular pulse modulation is 0.29g, and the unmodulated optical-fiber laser welding method of control methods power, weightlessness is 0.53g.Employing triangular pulse is modulated, and optical-fiber laser spatter significantly reduces, and weightlessness significantly reduces.
Embodiment 3
For the thick 780MPa high-strength steel of 12mm; i.e. workpiece 5, adopt optical-fiber laser welding method, wherein the laser power modulation of laser 1 becomes triangular pulse; pulse peak power is 5kW; base value power 2kW, pulse frequency 100Hz, triangular pulse rising time 5ms; argon shield gas 2 flow is 10L/min; angle 3 between the protective gas nozzle 2 adopted and laser beam axis 6 is 45 °, and the distance 4 between protective gas nozzle 2 and workpiece 5 is 10mm, speed of welding 0.5m/min.The optical-fiber laser welding weightlessness of triangular pulse modulation is 0.42g, and the unmodulated optical-fiber laser welding method of control methods power, weightlessness is 0.65g.Employing triangular pulse is modulated, and optical-fiber laser spatter significantly reduces, and weightlessness significantly reduces.
Embodiment 4
For the thick 490MPa stage low carbon steel of 25mm; i.e. workpiece 5, adopt optical-fiber laser welding method, wherein the laser power modulation of laser 1 becomes triangular pulse; pulse peak power is 10kW; base value power 4kW, pulse frequency 30Hz, triangular pulse rising time 5ms; argon shield gas 2 flow is 20L/min; angle 3 between the protective gas nozzle 2 adopted and laser beam axis 6 is 50 °, and the distance 4 between protective gas nozzle 2 and workpiece 5 is 20mm, speed of welding 2.0m/min.The optical-fiber laser welding weightlessness of triangular pulse modulation is 0.51g, and the unmodulated optical-fiber laser welding method of control methods power, weightlessness is 0.86g.Employing triangular pulse is modulated, and optical-fiber laser spatter significantly reduces, and weightlessness significantly reduces.
Although the present invention has been described in detail its preferred embodiment; but those skilled in the art still can take to change the technical parameters such as laser type (such as lamination laser (Disklaser)) and implement the present invention; in the scope not departing from design philosophy of the present invention; can carry out various changes and modifications, these changes all belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. reduce an optical-fiber laser welding method for spatter, it is characterized in that: be that fibre laser power is modulated into triangular pulse, wherein, pulse peak power 5-10kW, base value power 2-4kW, pulse frequency 15-125Hz, triangular pulse rising time 3-7ms.
2. the optical-fiber laser welding method of minimizing spatter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pulse frequency is 60Hz.
3. the optical-fiber laser welding method of minimizing spatter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: being represented by following functional expression of the triangular pulse of described fibre laser power:
P ( t ) = t T 0 ( P max - P min ) + P min = t T 0 P max + T 0 - t T 0 P min ( 0 &le; t &le; T 0 ) P ( t ) = P max - t - T 0 T - T 0 ( P max - P min ) = T - t T - T 0 P max + t - T 0 T - T 0 P min ( T 0 < t &le; T )
Wherein, P maxfor pulse peak power; P minfor base value power; T is pulse period (T=1/f), f is pulse frequency; T 0for triangular pulse rising time, P is power, and t is the time.
4. the optical-fiber laser welding method of minimizing spatter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described method is applied in the optical-fiber laser welding process of the slower speed of welding of cut deal high power, speed of welding 0.5-2.0m/min.
5. the optical-fiber laser welding method of minimizing spatter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the angle 3 between protective gas nozzle 2 and laser beam axis 6 is 40 °-50 °; Distance 4 between protective gas nozzle 2 and workpiece 5 is 10-20mm.
6. the optical-fiber laser welding method of minimizing spatter according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: the method adopts inert gas argon or helium as laser radiation gas; wherein, helium shield gas flow rate 20-60L/min, argon shield gas flow 10-25L/min.
7. the optical-fiber laser welding method of minimizing spatter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness of soldered sheet material is 5-25mm.
8. the optical-fiber laser welding method of minimizing spatter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the method, by improving the stability of laser aperture, reduces spatter.
9. the purposes of optical-fiber laser welding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: for reducing spatter.
10. the purposes of optical-fiber laser welding method as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that: the optical-fiber laser for the slower speed of welding of cut deal high power welds, speed of welding 0.5-2.0m/min.
CN201510845008.2A 2015-11-26 2015-11-26 Optical fiber laser welding method for reducing welding spatter Active CN105345258B (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016206676A1 (en) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-20 Mahle International Gmbh Method for producing a weld by means of laser welding

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109366009A (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-02-22 贵州航天精工制造有限公司 A kind of bolt assembly laser welding processing method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002273586A (en) * 2001-03-16 2002-09-25 National Institute For Materials Science Laser beam welding method
JP2004090068A (en) * 2002-09-02 2004-03-25 National Institute For Materials Science Laser welding process
JP2008068325A (en) * 2007-11-30 2008-03-27 National Institute For Materials Science Method for determining output modulation waveform of laser welding
US20090310628A1 (en) * 2008-06-17 2009-12-17 Nobuyuki Yamazaki Fiber laser processing method and fiber laser processing apparatus
KR20120009058A (en) * 2010-07-22 2012-02-01 한국생산기술연구원 Overlap Laser Welding Method for Improved Welding Bead Quality of Reverse Side
CN103495803A (en) * 2013-10-16 2014-01-08 深圳市大族激光科技股份有限公司 Laser welding method capable of achieving oval welding spots
CN203956305U (en) * 2014-07-02 2014-11-26 李大勇 The anti-welding seam automatic tracking device that splashes of laser oscillating

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002273586A (en) * 2001-03-16 2002-09-25 National Institute For Materials Science Laser beam welding method
JP2004090068A (en) * 2002-09-02 2004-03-25 National Institute For Materials Science Laser welding process
JP2008068325A (en) * 2007-11-30 2008-03-27 National Institute For Materials Science Method for determining output modulation waveform of laser welding
US20090310628A1 (en) * 2008-06-17 2009-12-17 Nobuyuki Yamazaki Fiber laser processing method and fiber laser processing apparatus
KR20120009058A (en) * 2010-07-22 2012-02-01 한국생산기술연구원 Overlap Laser Welding Method for Improved Welding Bead Quality of Reverse Side
CN103495803A (en) * 2013-10-16 2014-01-08 深圳市大族激光科技股份有限公司 Laser welding method capable of achieving oval welding spots
CN203956305U (en) * 2014-07-02 2014-11-26 李大勇 The anti-welding seam automatic tracking device that splashes of laser oscillating

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016206676A1 (en) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-20 Mahle International Gmbh Method for producing a weld by means of laser welding

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