CN105341952B - A kind of method of soluble dietary fiber in extrusion assistance enzymolysis extraction rice bran - Google Patents
A kind of method of soluble dietary fiber in extrusion assistance enzymolysis extraction rice bran Download PDFInfo
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- CN105341952B CN105341952B CN201510837305.2A CN201510837305A CN105341952B CN 105341952 B CN105341952 B CN 105341952B CN 201510837305 A CN201510837305 A CN 201510837305A CN 105341952 B CN105341952 B CN 105341952B
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 23
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000004139 alpha-Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108090000637 alpha-Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940024171 alpha-amylase Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940111205 diastase Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001976 enzyme digestion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melanin Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020824 obesity Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006694 eating habits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000002313 intestinal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products field, and in particular to a kind of method of soluble dietary fiber in extrusion assistance enzymolysis extraction rice bran, comprise the following steps：Material pre-treatment, extrusion processing, enzymolysis, enzyme deactivation, extraction supernatant, precipitation drying.Full fat rice bran soluble dietary fiber is extracted by the inventive method, recovery rate is up to more than 20%, hence it is evident that higher than the rice bran handled without extrusion.The raising of soluble dietary fiber ratio, it can more meet the physiological requirements of human body.This method has a wide range of application, cost is relatively low, practicality is high, realizes the comprehensive utilization of rice bran high added value product.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products field, and in particular to a kind of extrusion assistance enzymolysis extracts rice
The method of soluble dietary fiber in chaff.
Background technology
Rice bran is the high added value byproduct in paddy deep processing, contains several amino acids needed by human, unsaturated lipid
Fat acid, dietary fiber and physiological function active material, there is very big benefit to health.In China, annual production about 1,000
Ten thousand tons of rice brans.But at this stage, rice bran is used as feed or abandoned, utilization of resources rate and added value of product pole mostly
Low, resource fails to be fully used.
Dietary fiber, be a kind of mixture containing plant carbohydrates polymer, typically from cereal, beans,
In vegetables and fruit.According to the dissolubility of dietary fiber, dietary fiber can be divided into soluble dietary fiber and insoluble meals
Fiber.Soluble dietary fiber referred to not by human body alimentary canal enzymic digestion, but can be dissolved in hot water and its water-soluble liquid energy is by 4 times
The dietary fiber of the ethanol reprecipitation of volume.
In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, people have a very large change in eating habit, food is smart all the more
Carefully, start to lack dietary fiber, so as to cause various diseases, such as constipation, obesity, diabetes.Why is dietary fiber
Increasingly paid attention to, be because it has stronger water holding, ability of retaining oil, cholesterol in alimentary canal, heavy metal etc. can be chelated,
Carcinogenic generation is prevented, and promotes the wriggling of intestines, beneficial to the discharge of waste, reduces absorption of the human body to harmful substance.These
Functional characteristic can effectively prevent and treat diabetes, angiocardiopathy, while pre- preventing obesity, decompression reducing blood lipid, the reduction intestinal cancer incidence of disease
Deng.
Extruding and puffing technology is a kind of new foods processing technique, compared with other common traditional treatment methods, is squeezed
Pressure puffing technique has the advantages that hot dynamic efficiency is high, production cost is low, nutritive loss is small, product quality is high, without waste water and gas.
Extruding and puffing technology is that material is passed through into high temperature high pressure process in extruder, abrupt release to normal temperature and pressure conditionses, is made
The process that the internal structure and property of material change.
At present, in existing extraction rice bran in the method for soluble dietary fiber, some extraction dietary fiber amounts are less, have
It is costly, some equipment processes are cumbersome, are not easy to a large amount of productions and extraction, and cost is higher.
The content of the invention
The present invention in view of the above-mentioned problems, provide it is a kind of have a wide range of application, cost is relatively low, practicality is high extrusion it is auxiliary
The method for helping soluble dietary fiber in enzymolysis and extraction rice bran.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows：
The method of soluble dietary fiber, comprises the following steps in a kind of extrusion assistance enzymolysis extraction rice bran：
A) material pre-treatment：From fresh rice bran, rice bran is crushed and screening of sieving；
B) extrusion is handled：To after crushing rice bran carry out extrusion processing, it is to be extruded it is expanded after rice bran cooling
To room temperature, further crushed；
C) digest：Rice bran after extrusion is handled and is further crushed is added in boiling water, the weight of rice bran and boiling water
It is 1 to measure volume ratio:50, stir, after being cooled to room temperature, add the high temperature resistant that mass percent is 1.0%~2.5% and form sediment
Powder enzyme, carry out enzyme digestion reaction；
D) enzyme deactivation：Enzyme deactivation is carried out to the rice bran after enzymolysis, is then cooled to room temperature；
E) supernatant is extracted：45~55ml of NaOH solution that mass volume ratio is 0.6%~1.2% is added, is stirred
After be put into thermostat water bath and handle, room temperature is cooled to after taking-up, supernatant is obtained after centrifugation；
F) precipitation drying：Precipitated with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 4 times of volumes of supernatant, centrifugation obtains sediment, and sediment is dried
Afterwards, soluble dietary fiber is obtained.
In step a), the sieving screening used 40 mesh sieves to screen.
In step b), extrusion processing, extrusion are carried out to the rice bran after crushing using twin-screw extruder
Condition is：Rice bran water content 10%~30%, 110~150 DEG C of extrusion temperature, 150~250r/min of screw speed.
In step c), the fire resistant alpha-diastase is alpha-amylase.
In step c), enzymatic hydrolysis condition be 70 DEG C~90 DEG C of hydrolysis temperature, enzymolysis pH 6.0~8.0, enzymolysis time 30min~
150min。
In step d), enzyme deactivation condition is that 10min~15min is heated at a temperature of 100 DEG C~105 DEG C.
In step e), processing 50min~60min in 75 DEG C~85 DEG C thermostat water baths is put into.
In step e), centrifugal rotational speed is 4000~4500r/min, and centrifugation time is 20min~25min.
In step f), centrifugal rotational speed is 4000~4500r/min, and centrifugation time is 5min~10min.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The method of soluble dietary fiber and other tradition in extrusion assistance enzymolysis extraction rice bran provided by the invention
Method compares, and is handled by high temperature, short time extrusion, and material is fine by strong shear action, part in extruding machine cavity cylinder
Tie up plain macromolecular and change into soluble small molecule, insoluble diedairy fiber component meeting breaking portion connecting key, be transformed into less
Shla molecule.Auxiliary enzymes solution extraction soluble dietary fiber is extruded, its recovery rate is higher than enzymatic isolation method extraction soluble dietary
Fiber.By the inventive method extract full fat rice bran soluble dietary fiber, recovery rate is up to more than 20%, hence it is evident that higher than without
The rice bran of extrusion processing.The raising of soluble dietary fiber ratio, it can more meet the physiological requirements of human body.This method application
Scope is wide, cost is relatively low, practicality is high, realizes the comprehensive utilization of rice bran high added value product.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the technological process for the method that the present invention extracts soluble dietary fiber using extrusion auxiliary enzymes solution
Figure.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
The method of soluble dietary fiber, comprises the following steps in the extrusion assistance enzymolysis extraction rice bran of the present invention：
A) material pre-treatment：From fresh rice bran, rice bran is crushed and screening of sieving.The sieving screening preferably used
40 mesh sieves screen；
B) extrusion is handled：To after crushing rice bran carry out extrusion processing, it is to be extruded it is expanded after rice bran cooling
To room temperature, further crushed.In step b), it is preferred to use twin-screw extruder squeezes to the rice bran after crushing
Expanding treatment is pressed, wherein, extrusion condition is：Rice bran water content 10%~30%, 110~150 DEG C of extrusion temperature, screw rod turn
150~250r/min of speed；
The processing variable of twin-screw extruder includes material moisture, extrusion temperature, screw speed etc..Utilize extruding
The product of puffing technique production, its product quality differ greatly, and this depends on processing variable.Wherein, material moisture determines
Can material by normal extrusion, if water content is too low, then material may be too high due to viscosity, is deposited in extrusion chamber
In, as Maillard reaction occurs for the rise of extrusion chamber temperature, oxidation and polymerization produce melanin, cause rice bran that brown stain occurs；
If moisture content is too high, then material may be caused extruding not easy-formation, influenceed extrusion product due to too high water content
Matter.Therefore the rice bran water content control of the present invention is 10%~30%.
Appropriate high temperature can promote to melt, be broken insoluble macromolecular substances, allow the hydrophilic radical of network structure to expose
Increasing number, accelerate the speed that insoluble fibre is cracked into soluble small molecule, increase its soluble component.But extrusion temperature mistake
Gao Zehui destroys material tissue in itself and structure, while the state for being charred, luming also easily is presented in material in extruder, therefore
The extrusion temperature of the present invention is controlled at 110~150 DEG C.
Screw speed influences mechanical energy input, material lagging time and pyroconductivity of the material in extrusion chamber, usual screw rod
Speed setting is in the range of 100~300r/min.Also can be according to different processing conditions, reasonable selection screw speed.
C) digest：Rice bran after extrusion is handled and is further crushed is added in boiling water.The weight of rice bran and boiling water
It is 1 to measure volume ratio:50, stir, after being cooled to room temperature, add the high temperature resistant that mass percent is 1.0%~2.5% and form sediment
Powder enzyme, carry out enzyme digestion reaction.Wherein, fire resistant alpha-diastase is preferably alpha-amylase, and enzymatic hydrolysis condition is hydrolysis temperature 70 DEG C~90
DEG C, enzymolysis pH 6.0~8.0, enzymolysis time 30min~150min.
D) enzyme deactivation：Enzyme deactivation is carried out to the rice bran after enzymolysis, is then cooled to room temperature, enzyme deactivation condition is at 100 DEG C~105 DEG C
At a temperature of heat 10min~15min.
E) supernatant is extracted：45~55ml of NaOH solution that mass volume ratio is 0.6%~1.2% is added, is stirred
After be put into 75 DEG C~85 DEG C thermostat water baths processing 50min~60min, room temperature is cooled to after taking-up, supernatant is obtained after centrifugation
Liquid.Wherein, centrifugal rotational speed is 4000~4500r/min, and centrifugation time is 20min~25min；
F) precipitation drying：Precipitated with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 4 times of volumes of supernatant, centrifugation obtains sediment, and sediment is dried
Afterwards, soluble dietary fiber is obtained.Wherein, centrifugal rotational speed is 4000~4500r/min, and centrifugation time is 5min~10min.
Embodiment 1
A) material pre-treatment：From fresh rice bran, rice bran is crushed and crosses the screening of 40 mesh sieves；
B) extrusion is handled：Extrusion processing is carried out to the rice bran after crushing using twin-screw extruder, treated
After rice bran after extrusion is cooled to room temperature, further crushed, wherein, extrusion condition is：Water content 10%, squeeze
Go out 110 DEG C of temperature, screw speed 150r/min；
C) digest：Rice bran is added in boiling water after crushing pressurization expanding treatment and further, the weight of rice bran and boiling water
Volume ratio is 1:50, stir, after being cooled to room temperature, add mass percent be 1.0% alpha-amylase, 70 DEG C,
PH carries out enzyme digestion reaction 30min under the conditions of being 6.0；
D) enzyme deactivation：Enzyme deactivation is carried out to the rice bran after enzymolysis, is then cooled to room temperature, enzyme deactivation condition is in 105 DEG C of heating
10min；
E) supernatant is extracted：Addition mass volume ratio is 0.6%NaOH solution 45ml, and 75 DEG C of constant temperature are put into after stirring
50min is handled in water-bath, room temperature is cooled to after taking-up, supernatant is obtained after centrifugation, wherein, centrifugal rotational speed 4000r/min,
Centrifugation time is 20min；
F) precipitation drying：Precipitated with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 4 times of volumes of supernatant, centrifugation obtains sediment, and sediment is dried
Afterwards, soluble dietary fiber is obtained, wherein, centrifugal rotational speed 4000r/min, centrifugation time 5min.
Recovery rate by the soluble dietary fiber that embodiment 1 is calculated is 20.71%.
Embodiment 2
A) material pre-treatment：From fresh rice bran, rice bran is crushed and crosses the screening of 40 mesh sieves；
B) extrusion is handled：Extrusion processing is carried out to the rice bran after crushing using twin-screw extruder, treated
After rice bran after extrusion is cooled to room temperature, further crushed, wherein, extrusion condition is：Rice bran water content
30%, 150 DEG C of extrusion temperature, screw speed 250r/min；
C) digest：Rice bran is added in boiling water after extrusion is handled and is further crushed, the weight of rice bran and boiling water
Volume ratio is 1:50, stir, after being cooled to room temperature, add mass percent be 2.5% alpha-amylase, 90 DEG C,
PH carries out enzyme digestion reaction 150min under the conditions of being 8.0；
D) enzyme deactivation：Enzyme deactivation is carried out to the rice bran after enzymolysis, is then cooled to room temperature, enzyme deactivation condition is in 100 DEG C of heating
15min；
E) supernatant is extracted：The NaOH solution 55ml that mass volume ratio is 1.2% is added, 85 DEG C of perseverances are put into after stirring
60min is handled in warm water bath, room temperature is cooled to after taking-up, supernatant is obtained after centrifugation, wherein, centrifugal rotational speed 4500r/
Min, centrifugation time 25min；
F) precipitation drying：Precipitated with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 4 times of volumes of supernatant, centrifugation obtains sediment, and sediment is dried
Afterwards, soluble dietary fiber is obtained, wherein, centrifugal rotational speed 4500r/min, centrifugation time 10min.
Recovery rate by the soluble dietary fiber that embodiment 2 is calculated is 24.17%.
Embodiment 3
A) material pre-treatment：From fresh rice bran, rice bran is crushed and crosses the screening of 40 mesh sieves；
B) extrusion is handled：Extrusion processing is carried out to the rice bran after crushing using twin-screw extruder, treated
After rice bran after extrusion is cooled to room temperature, further crushed, wherein, extrusion condition is：Water content 10%, squeeze
Go out 110 DEG C of temperature, screw speed 150r/min；
C) digest：Rice bran is added in boiling water after crushing pressurization expanding treatment and further, the weight of rice bran and boiling water
Volume ratio is 1:50, stir, after being cooled to room temperature, add mass percent be 2.0% alpha-amylase, 75 DEG C,
PH carries out enzyme digestion reaction 90min under the conditions of being 6.0；
D) enzyme deactivation：Enzyme deactivation is carried out to the rice bran after enzymolysis, is then cooled to room temperature, enzyme deactivation condition is in 105 DEG C of heating
10min；
E) supernatant is extracted：Addition mass volume ratio is 0.6%NaOH solution 45ml, and 75 DEG C of constant temperature are put into after stirring
50min is handled in water-bath, room temperature is cooled to after taking-up, supernatant is obtained after centrifugation, wherein, centrifugal rotational speed 4000r/min,
Centrifugation time is 20min；
F) precipitation drying：Precipitated with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 4 times of volumes of supernatant, centrifugation obtains sediment, and sediment is dried
Afterwards, soluble dietary fiber is obtained, wherein, centrifugal rotational speed 4000r/min, centrifugation time 5min.
Recovery rate by the soluble dietary fiber that embodiment 3 is calculated is 30.35%.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method of soluble dietary fiber in extrusion assistance enzymolysis extraction rice bran, it is characterised in that：
Comprise the following steps：
A) material pre-treatment：From fresh rice bran, rice bran is crushed and screening of sieving；
B) extrusion is handled：Extrusion processing is carried out to the rice bran after crushing using twin-screw extruder, extruding is swollen
Change condition is：Rice bran water content 10%, 110 DEG C of extrusion temperature, screw speed 150r/min；It is to be extruded it is expanded after rice bran cooling
To room temperature, further crushed；
C) digest：Rice bran after extrusion is handled and is further crushed is added in boiling water, the weighing body of rice bran and boiling water
Product is than being 1:50, stir, after being cooled to room temperature, add the fire resistant alpha-diastase that mass percent is 2.0%, carry out enzyme
Solution reaction；
The fire resistant alpha-diastase is alpha-amylase；
The enzymatic hydrolysis condition is 75 DEG C of hydrolysis temperature, enzymolysis pH 6.0, enzymolysis time 90min；
D) enzyme deactivation：Enzyme deactivation is carried out to the rice bran after enzymolysis, then enzyme deactivation condition is cooled to heat 10min at a temperature of 105 DEG C
Room temperature；
E) supernatant is extracted：The NaOH solution 45ml that mass volume ratio is 0.6% is added, thermostat water bath is put into after stirring
Middle processing, room temperature is cooled to after taking-up, supernatant is obtained after centrifugation；
Wherein, water bath with thermostatic control pot temperature is 75 DEG C, processing time 50min；Centrifugal rotational speed is 4000r/min, and centrifugation time is
20min；
F) precipitation drying：Precipitated with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 4 times of volumes of supernatant, centrifugation obtains sediment, after sediment is dried, obtains
To soluble dietary fiber；
Wherein, centrifugal rotational speed 4000r/min, centrifugation time 5min；
Wherein, the recovery rate of soluble dietary fiber is 30.35%.
2. the method for soluble dietary fiber, its feature in extrusion assistance enzymolysis extraction rice bran as claimed in claim 1
It is：
In step a), the sieving screening used 40 mesh sieves to screen.
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