CN114947144A - Preparation method of soluble corn bran dietary fiber - Google Patents
Preparation method of soluble corn bran dietary fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN114947144A CN114947144A CN202210639791.7A CN202210639791A CN114947144A CN 114947144 A CN114947144 A CN 114947144A CN 202210639791 A CN202210639791 A CN 202210639791A CN 114947144 A CN114947144 A CN 114947144A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a soluble corn bran dietary fiber, which is prepared by the following method: taking corn bran, washing, drying, crushing and degreasing; carrying out double-screw extrusion treatment on the treated corn husks; adding water, adjusting the pH value to 4.5-5, adding xylanase and cellulase, mixing, and heating to inactivate enzymes; adjusting the pH value to 5.3-5.7, adding alpha-amylase, and slowly stirring at 93-97 ℃; adding alkaline protease, and stirring; adding amyloglucosidase, adjusting the pH value to 4-4.5, and stirring; heating the mixture at 95-100 ℃ to inactivate enzyme; centrifuging, collecting supernatant, adding 95% ethanol with 4 times volume of the supernatant, and storing at 0-4 ℃ for 7-9 h; centrifuging, collecting the precipitate, and drying to obtain corn soluble dietary fiber; the invention has the advantages that: compared with the traditional extraction, the physical and chemical properties and functional properties of the soluble dietary fiber are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dietary fiber preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of soluble corn bran dietary fiber.
Background
The dietary fiber is used as a seventh nutrient, has important significance for promoting the health of organisms, is divided into soluble dietary fiber (fruits, algae and the like) and insoluble dietary fiber (grains, beans, fruits, vegetables and the like) according to the solubility difference, the insoluble dietary fiber has basic adsorbability and swelling property, has good effects on stimulating intestinal peristalsis and controlling weight, and plays important physiological activities in the aspects of regulating fat metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, improving intestinal environment and the like because the soluble dietary fiber has a more loose structure so that the hydratability and adsorbability of the soluble dietary fiber are stronger. However, the content of soluble dietary fibers in natural sources such as grains and vegetables is low, so that the application of the soluble dietary fibers in food is limited, and therefore, the modification treatment of the dietary fibers and the improvement of the proportion of the soluble dietary fibers have important significance in improving the utilization value of the dietary fibers.
The corn is the second major food crop in China, the yield is extremely high, and the consumption of the corn mainly comprises three aspects: feed field, industrial field, food and other fields. In recent years, with the rapid development of the field of corn industry, the proportion of the corn industry is continuously increased, a large amount of corn processing byproducts are generated, and corn husks are mostly used in the feed or fertilizer industry as main byproducts and are not reasonably developed and utilized, so that the added value of products is extremely low, and the resource waste is caused. However, compared with other cereal husks, the corn husk has higher dietary fiber content which can reach 40-60%, wherein the insoluble dietary fiber accounts for more than 95%, and meanwhile, the dietary fiber has a good structure, low phytic acid content and low mineral element adsorption, and is a good dietary fiber source. Therefore, the corn bran dietary fiber is modified, the proportion of the soluble dietary fiber is improved, and the high-value conversion and utilization of the corn bran are realized, so that the corn bran dietary fiber has important significance for improving the economic value and the application value of the corn by-products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of corn bran soluble dietary fiber, which aims to solve the problems of low added value of corn byproducts and serious resource waste in the corn processing process and overcome the problems of low content and poor quality of soluble dietary fiber in corn bran dietary fiber.
Corn bran soluble dietary fiber, which is prepared by the following method:
1) taking corn bran, washing, drying, crushing and degreasing;
2) carrying out double-screw extrusion treatment on the treated corn husks under the conditions as follows: the temperature of the machine barrel is 150-200 ℃, the water adding amount is 25-30%, and the rotating speed of the screw is 200-250 rpm;
3) adding water into the sample treated in the step 2) to form a suspension, adjusting the pH to 4.5-5, adding xylanase and cellulase, mixing, and heating at 95-100 ℃ to inactivate enzymes;
4) adjusting the pH value to 5.3-5.7, adding alpha-amylase, and slowly stirring for 0.5-1.5 h at the temperature of 93-97 ℃;
5) adding alkaline protease, and stirring for 1.5-2.5 h under the conditions of pH 9.3-9.7 and 50-60 ℃;
6) adding amyloglucosidase, adjusting the pH to 4-4.5, and stirring at 55-65 ℃ for 0.5-1.5 h; heating the mixture at 95-100 ℃ to inactivate enzyme;
7) centrifuging, collecting supernatant, adding 95% ethanol with 4 times volume of the supernatant, and storing at 0-4 ℃ for 7-9 h; centrifuging, collecting the precipitate, and drying to obtain corn soluble dietary fiber;
degreasing in the step 1), namely degreasing by using normal hexane;
the temperature of the cylinder in the step 2) is 160 ℃, the water adding amount is 29 percent, and the rotating speed of the screw is 210 rpm;
adjusting the pH value to 4.8 in the step 3), and heating to 100 ℃;
adjusting the pH value to 5.5 in the step 4), and slowly stirring for 1h at the temperature of 95 ℃.
The invention provides a soluble corn bran dietary fiber, which is prepared by the following method: taking corn bran, washing, drying, crushing and degreasing; carrying out double-screw extrusion treatment on the treated corn husks; adding water, adjusting the pH value to 4.5-5, adding xylanase and cellulase, mixing, and heating to inactivate enzymes; adjusting the pH value to 5.3-5.7, adding alpha-amylase, and slowly stirring at 93-97 ℃; adding alkaline protease, and stirring; adding amyloglucosidase, adjusting the pH value to 4-4.5, and stirring; heating the mixture at 95-100 ℃ to inactivate enzyme; centrifuging, collecting supernatant, adding 95% ethanol with 4 times volume of the supernatant, and storing at 0-4 ℃ for 7-9 h; centrifuging, collecting the precipitate, and drying to obtain corn soluble dietary fiber; the invention has the advantages that: compared with the traditional extraction (without modification), the yield of the soluble dietary fiber obtained by the double-screw extrusion-enzyme method modification treatment is obviously improved, and the physicochemical properties (such as water retention and oil retention) and functional properties (such as antioxidant activity and nitrite ion adsorption capacity) of the soluble dietary fiber are also improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 SEM picture; (A) SEM picture magnification of SDF, (B) USDF, (C) UESDF, (D) ESDF, (E) EESDF × 1000; (a) SEM picture magnification of IDF, (b) UIDF, (c) UEIDF, (d) EIDF, and (e) EEIDF × 1000; (IDF represents unmodified corn bran insoluble dietary fiber, ultrasoic-IDF (UIDF) represents ultrasonically modified corn bran insoluble dietary fiber, ultrasoic assist enzyme-IDF (UEIDF) represents ultrasonically-enzymatically modified corn insoluble dietary fiber, Extrusion-IDF (UIDF) represents twin screw Extrusion modified corn bran insoluble dietary fiber, Extrusion-assist-enzyme-IDF (EEIDF) represents twin screw Extrusion-enzymatically modified corn bran insoluble dietary fiber)
FIG. 2 liquid chromatograms of HPLC of SDF (A), USDF (B), UESDF (C), ESDF (D), EESDF (E);
FIG. 3 DSC curves for SDF, USDF, UESDF, ESDF, and EESDF;
FIG. 4 FT-IR spectra of SDF, USDF, UESDF, ESDF, and EESDF;
FIG. 5 extraction of soluble dietary fiber from corn husks using different X-ray diffraction analysis;
FIG. 6 DPPH scavenging activity (A), ABTS scavenging activity (B), FRAP (C) and nitrite ion adsorption capacity (D) of SDF, USDF, UESDF, ESDF and EESDF.
Detailed Description
Example 1 preparation of soluble dietary fiber from corn bran
The preparation of soluble corn bran dietary fiber includes:
1) washing corn bran of variety (Yu 335 at first) with water for six times, removing partial residual starch and protein, and oven drying at 60 deg.C for 36 hr; crushing corn husks, sieving the crushed corn husks with a 80-mesh sieve, and degreasing the crushed corn husks for 3 times by using n-hexane;
2) carrying out double-screw extrusion modification treatment on the treated corn bran under the conditions as follows: the temperature of a machine barrel is 160 ℃, the water adding amount is 29 percent, and the rotating speed of a screw is 210 rpm;
3) dispersing 10g of the extruded sample in 120mL of distilled water to form a suspension, adjusting the pH to 4.8, adding a complex enzyme (120U/g xylanase and 240U/g cellulase), mixing, and heating the mixture at 100 ℃ for 15min to inactivate the enzyme;
4) adjusting pH to 5.5 after enzyme deactivation, adding alpha-amylase (100U/g), and slowly stirring for 1h at 95 ℃;
5) after stirring, adding alkaline protease (100U/g), and stirring for 2h under the conditions of pH 9.5 and 55 ℃;
6) adding amyloglucosidase (200U/g), adjusting pH to 4.2, and stirring at 60 deg.C for 1 h; heating the mixture at 100 deg.C for 15min to inactivate enzyme;
7) centrifuging at 5000 Xg for 15min, and collecting supernatant; adding 95% ethanol with 4 times volume of the supernatant, and storing at 4 deg.C for 8 hr; centrifuging, collecting the precipitate, and drying to obtain the corn soluble dietary fiber.
Example 2 screening of Process for optimal modification of soluble dietary fiber from corn bran
Method and device
1. Double screw extrusion modified corn husk soluble dietary fiber (ESDF)
The corn bran soluble dietary fiber is prepared by twin-screw extrusion, and the specific method comprises the following steps: washing corn husks with distilled water to remove residual starch and protein, drying the sample, degreasing with n-hexane, grinding and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve. Then carrying out double-screw extrusion treatment on the sample under the conditions that the feeding speed is 16 kg/h, the extrusion temperature is 160 ℃, the screw rotation speed is 210 rpm, and the water addition amount is 29 percent, adjusting the pH to 5.5 after the treatment is finished, adding alpha-amylase (100U/g), and slowly stirring for 1h at the temperature of 95 ℃; subsequently, alkaline protease (100U/g) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 55 ℃ for 2 hours at pH 9.5; then adding amyloglucosidase (200U/g), adjusting pH to 4.2, and stirring at 60 ℃ for 1 h; heating the mixture at 100 deg.C for 15min to inactivate enzyme; centrifuging at 5000 Xg for 15min, and collecting supernatant; adding 95% ethanol with 4 times volume of the supernatant, and storing at 4 deg.C for 8 hr; centrifuging, collecting precipitate, drying, and expressing the obtained dietary fiber sample with ESDF;
2. double screw extrusion auxiliary enzyme method modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber (EESDF)
The method for preparing the corn bran soluble dietary fiber by using the double-screw extrusion assisted enzymatic treatment comprises the following steps: washing corn husks with distilled water to remove residual starch and protein, drying the sample, degreasing with n-hexane, grinding and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve. Then carrying out double-screw extrusion treatment on the sample under the conditions that the feeding speed is 16 kg/h, the extrusion temperature is 160 ℃, the screw rotation speed is 210 rpm and the water addition amount is 29 percent, dispersing the extruded sample (10 g) in distilled water (120 mL), adjusting the pH value to 4.8, adding complex enzyme (120U/g xylanase and 240U/g cellulase) for enzymolysis for 2.5 hours, and then heating the mixture at 100 ℃ for 15min for enzyme deactivation; after enzyme deactivation, adjusting the pH value to 5.5, adding alpha-amylase (100U/g), and slowly stirring for 1h at the temperature of 95 ℃; subsequently, alkaline protease (100U/g) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 55 ℃ for 2 hours at pH 9.5; then adding amyloglucosidase (200U/g), adjusting pH to 4.2, and stirring at 60 ℃ for 1 h; heating the mixture at 100 deg.C for 15min to inactivate enzyme; centrifuging at 5000 Xg for 15min, and collecting supernatant; adding 95% ethanol with 4 times volume of the supernatant, and storing at 4 deg.C for 8 hr; centrifuging, collecting precipitate, drying, and expressing the obtained dietary fiber sample with EESDF;
3. ultrasonic modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber (USDF)
The ultrasonic treatment method is used for preparing the corn bran soluble dietary fiber, and the specific method comprises the following steps: washing corn husks with distilled water to remove residual starch and protein, drying the sample, degreasing with n-hexane, grinding and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve. Then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 38min under the conditions of a feed-liquid ratio of 1:31 and ultrasonic power of 480W, adjusting the pH to 5.5 after the treatment is finished, adding alpha-amylase (100U/g), and slowly stirring for 1h at the temperature of 95 ℃; subsequently, alkaline protease (100U/g) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 55 ℃ for 2 hours at pH 9.5; then adding amyloglucosidase (200U/g), adjusting pH to 4.2, and stirring at 60 ℃ for 1 h; heating the mixture at 100 deg.C for 15min to inactivate enzyme; centrifuging at 5000 Xg for 15min, and collecting supernatant; adding 95% ethanol with 4 times volume of the supernatant, and storing at 4 deg.C for 8 hr; centrifuging, collecting precipitate, drying, and expressing the obtained dietary fiber sample with USDF;
4. ultrasonic-assisted enzyme method modified soluble corn bran dietary fiber (UESDF)
The method for preparing the corn bran soluble dietary fiber by using the ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic treatment method comprises the following steps: washing corn husks with distilled water to remove residual starch and protein, drying the sample, degreasing with n-hexane, grinding and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve. Then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 38min under the conditions of material-liquid ratio of 1:31 and ultrasonic power of 480W, dispersing an ultrasonic treated sample (10 g) in distilled water (120 mL), adjusting the pH to 4.8, adding complex enzyme (120U/g xylanase and 240U/g cellulase) for enzymolysis for 2.5h, and then heating the mixture at 100 ℃ for 15min for enzyme deactivation; after enzyme deactivation, adjusting the pH value to 5.5, adding alpha-amylase (100U/g), and slowly stirring for 1h at the temperature of 95 ℃; subsequently, alkaline protease (100U/g) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 55 ℃ for 2 hours at pH 9.5; then adding amyloglucosidase (200U/g), adjusting pH to 4.2, and stirring at 60 ℃ for 1 h; heating the mixture at 100 deg.C for 15min to inactivate enzyme; centrifuging at 5000 Xg for 15min, and collecting supernatant; adding 95% ethanol with 4 times volume of the supernatant, and storing at 4 deg.C for 8 hr; centrifuging, collecting precipitate, drying, and expressing the obtained dietary fiber sample by UESDF.
Second, yield and physicochemical properties of corn soluble dietary fiber
The four processes are respectively used for preparing samples, the yield of the samples is measured, the results are shown in table 1, the yield of the corn soluble dietary fiber obtained by the double-screw extrusion auxiliary enzyme method treatment is 10.53%, the yield of the ultrasonic auxiliary enzyme method modified dietary fiber is 6.98%, the yield of the double-screw extrusion treated dietary fiber is 6.54%, the yield of the ultrasonic treated dietary fiber is 4.58%, and the yield of the untreated dietary fiber is 2.42%; therefore, the double-screw extrusion treatment is more beneficial to enzymolysis than ultrasonic treatment; in the table, SDF represents unmodified corn bran soluble dietary fiber, Ultrasonic-SDF (USDF) represents ultrasonically-modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber, Ultrasonic assist enzyme-SDF (UESDF) represents ultrasonically-enzymatically-modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber, Extrusion-SDF (ESDF) represents twin-screw Extrusion-modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber, and Extrusion-assist enzyme-SDF (EESDF) represents twin-screw Extrusion-enzymatically-modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber;
table 1 shows that all four treatment methods significantly improved the water and oil retention of the dietary fiber compared to the untreated group, with EESDF having the highest water retention and UESDF having the highest oil retention.
TABLE 1 chemical composition, yield (%) and average molecular weight of corn Soluble Dietary Fiber (SDF)
| Samples | SDF | Ultrasonic-SDF | Ultrasonic assist enzyme-SDF | Extrusion-SDF | Extrusion assist-enzyme-SDF |
| Extraction yield % | 2.42±0.14e | 4.58±0.08d | 6.98±0.15b | 6.54±0.13c | 10.53±0.24a |
| WHC(g/g) | 0.81 ±0.02e | 1.40 ±0.13d | 2.89 ±0.14b | 2.06 ±0.07c | 3.22±0.23a |
| OHC(g/g) | 1.57±0.06d | 2.27±0.12c | 2.87±0.06a | 2.28±0.08c | 2.55±0.07b |
| Average molecular weight (Da) | 1.58×10 5 | 3.07×105 | 6.41×104 | 1.22×10 5 | 4.00×104 |
Note: resultsExpressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3); a. b, c, d, e are significantly different from each other in the same row (p < 0.05）。
Third, structural characteristics
1. Scanning electron microscope
The microstructures of the four modified corn bran dietary fiber samples (soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber) are observed by using a scanning electron microscope, and the result is shown in figure 1, and IDF (a) shows a dense network structure; UIDF (b) under the cavitation of ultrasonic waves, a plurality of cavities are formed on the surface, the specific surface area is increased, but the whole structure is not changed greatly; EIDF (d) under the action of twin-screw extrusion, a compact layered structure is damaged, the structure becomes loose, the internal structure is exposed, and the EIDF has larger specific surface area and porous structure, so that binding sites with enzyme are increased, and the EIDF is favorable for enzymolysis reaction; based on the ultrasonic and twin-screw extrusion, further treatment with cellulase and xylanase can further destroy the structure of UEIDF (c) and EEIDF (e), and make the erosion-like area around the insoluble dietary fiber and open the fiber structure. The USDF and ESDF have larger specific surface areas than SDF, and UESDF and EESDF have smaller particle sizes. From the above results, it can be seen that the four treatment methods have an influence on the structure of the insoluble dietary fiber, which is responsible for increasing the yield of the soluble dietary fiber and improving the physicochemical and functional properties.
2. Determination of molecular weight
The molecular weights of four modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber samples are measured by using a high performance liquid chromatography, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the molecular weights of the four samples are significantly different, and the relative molecular weights are arranged from large to small in sequence: USDF (3.07 x 10) 4 Da），SDF(1.58×10 4 Da)，ESDF(1.22×10 4 Da)，UESDF（6.41×10 3 Da），EESDF（4.00×10 3 Da). Compared with SDF, the UESDF, ESDF and EESDF samples have reduced high molecular weight dietary fiber content and increased low molecular weight dietary fiber content, resulting in reduced average molecular weight; the average molecular weight of the USDF samples was highest due to the cavitation effect of the ultrasound.
3. Monosaccharide composition analysis
The composition of monosaccharides (mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, xylose and arabinose) of four modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber samples is analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography, the results are shown in table 2, SDF contains rhamnose and higher galacturonic acid, compared with an untreated group, USDF and ESDF treatment obviously increase the content of xylose and arabinose, UESDF and EESDF treatment obviously increase the content of glucose, and the results show that double-screw extrusion and ultrasonic treatment damage the connection of cellulose and hemicellulose, so that the solubility of the hemicellulose is increased; the hydrolysis of cellulose is promoted by double-screw extrusion and ultrasonic-assisted enzyme treatment, and the dietary fiber structure is changed by the four treatments, so that the monosaccharide composition is changed.
TABLE 2 monosaccharide composition of SDF (%)
| Monosaccharides (%) | SDF | USDF | UESDF | ESDF | EESDF |
| Mannose | 2.41 ± 0.01 c | 2.57 ± 0.01 b | 0.00 | 1.56 ± 0.01 d | 3.69 ± 0.01 a |
| Rhamnose | 1.39 ± 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Galacturonic acid | 15.04 ± 0.02 a | 7.79 ± 0.01 b | 3.36 ± 0.02 e | 6.36 ± 0.01 c | 5.83 ± 0.03 d |
| Glucose | 13.79 ± 0.01 d | 3.33 ± 0.01 e | 57.53 ± 0.01 a | 16.70 ± 0.01 c | 24.45 ± 0.01 b |
| Xylose | 35.77 ± 0.02 c | 37.98 ± 0.01 a | 19.08 ± 0.01 e | 36.32 ± 0.02 b | 30.85 ± 0.03 d |
| Arabinose | 31.59 ± 0.02 a | 48.32 ± 0.01 a | 20.01 ± 0.01 e | 39.06 ± 0.04 b | 35.17 ± 0.04 c |
Note: results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3); a. b, c, d, e represent values in the same row that differ significantly from each other: (p < 0.05）。
4. Differential scanning calorimetry
The thermal properties of the four modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber samples were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The results are shown in fig. 3, where all four treatments improved the thermal stability of the dietary fiber compared to the untreated group. The heat absorption peak of the ESDF shifts rightwards, the EESDF moves more obviously, and the double-screw extrusion treatment destroys hydrogen bonds in molecules, so that the molecular structure is more stable, the bound water is reduced, and the heat absorption temperature is increased.
5. Fourier infrared spectroscopy
The chemical functional groups and structural changes of the four modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber samples are characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and as shown in figure 4, the internal hydrogen bonds of the molecular structure of the dietary fibers are reduced by the four treatment modes compared with the untreated group. Among them, the structure of the EESDF sample was severely destroyed and the carboxyl content was increased.
6. Crystal structure detection
The crystal structures of four modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber samples are analyzed by using an X-ray diffractometer, and the results are shown in figure 5, the SDF has an obvious diffraction peak at a 2 theta value of 22 degrees, the crystal structures of the dietary fibers are not changed by the four modification treatments, the diffraction peak at a 26 degree position shows that the SDF coexists in a crystalline state and an amorphous state, and the crystallinity of the dietary fibers is remarkably reduced by the four treatments, which shows that the crystal structures of the dietary fibers are damaged by the twin-screw extrusion and the ultrasonic treatment, so that the crystal structures are changed from order to disorder, and amorphous components are increased.
Fourth, functional characteristics
1. Antioxidant capacity
The antioxidant activity of four modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber samples was compared by measuring ABTS + scavenging ability, DPPH scavenging ability and iron reduction antioxidant activity (FRAP). As shown in FIG. 6A, all samples exhibited certain DPPH scavenging activity at sample concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 3.5 mg/mL, with EESDF showing the highest DPPH scavenging activity at different concentrations. As shown in FIG. 6B, the ABTS + clearance activity was higher for all four samples than for the untreated group at sample concentrations ranging from 3-7 mg/mL, with EESDF having the highest ABTS + clearance activity. As shown in fig. 6C, FRAP activity of the four treated samples increased with increasing sample concentration and were all significantly stronger than the untreated group.
2. Nitrite ion (NO 2-) adsorption Activity
The nitrite ion adsorption activity of the four modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber samples was analyzed, and the results are shown in fig. 6D, where SDF has a strong adsorption capacity at pH 2, indicating that it adsorbs nitrite ions mainly in the stomach. Compared with SDF, the dietary fiber obtained by the four treatment methods has obviously improved adsorption capacity to nitrite ions, wherein the adsorption capacity of EESDF to nitrite ions is the highest.
The results show that compared with other methods, the corn bran soluble dietary fiber prepared by the double-screw extrusion auxiliary enzyme method has high yield, good water and oil retention, good structural characteristics and strong oxidation resistance.
Example 3 application of modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber
Native corn starch is easily retrograded, limiting the processing and food production of corn starch. The improvement of starch processing characteristics by adding dietary fibers is one of the hot research spots in recent years.
In order to further investigate the practical application value of the modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber, the modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber is added into corn starch, and the influence of the modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber on the processing property and the digestion property of the corn starch is evaluated. In addition, the modified corn bran soluble dietary fiber reduces the proportion of rapidly digestible starch in the corn starch, inhibits the digestion of the corn starch, and reduces the starch hydrolysis degree and the glycemic index. In conclusion, the modified soluble dietary fiber prepared by the invention has good effects on delaying the retrogradation of corn starch, improving the processing characteristics of corn starch and inhibiting the digestion of starch.
Claims (5)
1. The soluble corn bran dietary fiber is characterized in that: it is prepared by the following method:
1) taking corn bran, washing, drying, crushing and degreasing;
2) carrying out double-screw extrusion treatment on the treated corn bran under the conditions as follows: the temperature of the machine barrel is 150-200 ℃, the water adding amount is 25-30%, and the rotating speed of the screw is 200-250 rpm;
3) adding water into the sample treated in the step 2) to form a suspension, adjusting the pH to 4.5-5, adding xylanase and cellulase, mixing, and heating at 95-100 ℃ to inactivate enzymes;
4) adjusting the pH value to 5.3-5.7, adding alpha-amylase, and slowly stirring for 0.5-1.5 h at the temperature of 93-97 ℃;
5) adding alkaline protease, and stirring for 1.5-2.5 h under the conditions of pH 9.3-9.7 and 50-60 ℃;
6) adding amyloglucosidase, adjusting the pH to 4-4.5, and stirring at 55-65 ℃ for 0.5-1.5 h; heating the mixture at 95-100 ℃ to inactivate enzyme;
7) centrifuging, collecting supernatant, adding 95% ethanol with 4 times volume of the supernatant, and storing at 0-4 ℃ for 7-9 h; centrifuging, collecting the precipitate, and drying to obtain the corn soluble dietary fiber.
2. The corn bran soluble dietary fiber of claim 1, wherein: degreasing in the step 1) is carried out by using n-hexane.
3. The corn bran soluble dietary fiber of claim 2, characterized in that: the temperature of the cylinder in the step 2) is 160 ℃, the water adding amount is 29 percent, and the rotating speed of the screw is 210 rpm.
4. The corn bran soluble dietary fiber of claim 3, characterized in that: adjusting the pH value to 4.8 in the step 3), and heating to 100 ℃.
5. The corn bran soluble dietary fiber of claim 4, wherein: adjusting the pH value to 5.5 in the step 4), and slowly stirring for 1h at the temperature of 95 ℃.
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